,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #cjb  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,april #aj1 #bjai,mr4 
,mc,govern 7= himself & ,mr4 ,blum5au]7 
submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0     
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,affairs1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee  
on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 = a p]iod to be      
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,,resolution  ,embrac+ ! goals 
& provisions ( ! ,treaty on !           
,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons4  ,:]eas
 s9ce ! height ( ! ,cold ,w>1 ! ,unit$  
,/ates & ,russia h dismantl$ m ?an      
#ej1jjj nucle> w>heads1 b #ad1ejj ( ^!  
weapons /ill exi/ & pose an intol]able  
risk to human survival2 ,:]eas #ie p]c5t
 ( ^! weapons are 9 ! h&s ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates & ,russia & ! re/ are held by    
sev5 o!r c\ntries3 ,*9a1 ,france1       
,israel1 ,india1 ,nor? ,korea1 ,paki/an1
 & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2 ,:]eas ! use ( ev5 a
 t9y fraction ( ^! weapons c\ld cause   

worldwide climate disruption & global   
fam9e--= example1 z few z #ajj          
,hiro%ima-siz$ bombs1 small by mod]n    
/&>ds1 if us$ to attack urban indu/rial 
t>gets w\ld put at lea/ #e1jjj1jjj tons 
( soot into ! upp] atmosph]e & cause    
climate disruption across ! planet1     
cutt+ food production & putt+           
#b1jjj1jjj1jjj p at risk ( />vation2    
,:]eas accord+ to sci5tific /udies &    
models1 a l>ge-scale nucle> w> c\ld kill
 hundr$s ( millions ( p directly & cause
 unimag9able environm5tal damage &      
cata/rophic climate disruption by dropp+
 temp]atures across ! planet to levels n
 se5 s9ce ! la/ ice age2 "u ^!          
conditions mu* ( humanity might face    
/>vation & humans might ev5 be at grave 
risk z a species2 ,:]eas despite        
assurances t ^! ars5als exi/ solely to  
gu>antee t !y are nev] us$1 !re h be5 _m
 occasions :5 nucle> arm$ /ates h prep>$
 to use ^! weapons1 & w> has be5 av]t$  
only at ! la/ m9ute2 ,:]eas ! curr5t    
nucle> weapons policies ( ! ,unit$      

,/ates d n inh]5tly prev5t _! use2      
,:]eas 9 ! #bjjc docum5t>y1 ,! ,fog (   
,w>3 ,elev5 ,lessons f ! ,life ( ,rob]t 
,s4 ,mc,namara1 =m] ,def5se ,secret>y   
,rob]t ,mc,namara said1 :5 describ+ !   
,cuban ,missile ,crisis1 ,x 0 luck t    
prev5t$ nucle> w>--yet ! nucle> policy (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld n be bas$ on !    
hope t luck w cont9ue2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$  
,/ates intellig5ce community's ,janu>y  
#bi1 #bjai1 annual assessm5t ( worldwide
 ?reats w>n$ t ! effects ( climate *ange
 & environm5tal degradation increase    
/ress on communities ar\nd ! _w &       
int5sify global in/ability & !          
likelihood ( conflict1 caus+ ! dang] (  
us+ nucle> weapons or nucle> w> to gr[2 
,:]eas 9 ,octob] #bjag1 ! ,congressional
 ,budget ,(fice e/imat$ t ! ,nucle>     
,mod]nization ,plan to upgrade & enhance
 ne>ly e elem5t ( ! nucle> ars5al ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates w\ld result 9 co/s ( m ?an
 #a1bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj ov] #cj ye>s1 n     
adju/+ = inflation2 ,:]eas !            
,congressional ,budget ,(fice fur!r     

e/imates t annual sp5d+ on nucle>       
weapons w peak at ab\t #ej1jjj1jjj1jjj  
dur+ ! late #bjbjs & e>ly #bjcjs2 ,:]eas
 a ,febru>y #f1 #bjah1 report by !      
,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability ,(fice report  
w>n$ t ! ,national ,nucle> ,security    
,adm9i/ration's 7,,nnsa7 plans to       
mod]nize its nucle> weapons d n align ) 
its budget1 rais+ af=dability conc]ns1  
!reby increas+ ! pressure on ! def5se   
budget & ! implicit trade-(fs )9 t      
budget1 div]t+ crucial res\rces ne$$ to 
assure ! well-be+ ( ! ,am]ican p & !    
ability to respond to global crises &   
priorities1 increas+ ! pot5tial risk (  
nucle> accid5ts1 & help+ fuel a global  
arms race2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #b1      
#bjai1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,russian     
,f$]ation )drew f ! ,int]m$iate-,range  
,nucle> ,=ces ,treaty1 sign$ 9 #aihg by 
,presid5t ,ronald ,reagan & ,soviet     
,union lead] ,mikhail ,gorba*ev1 :i* has
 prohibit$ ! developm5t & deploym5t (   
gr\nd-laun*$ nucle> missiles ) ranges ( 
#caj miles to #c1dbj miles1 & has       

result$ 9 ea* c\ntry dismantl+ m ?an    
#b1ejj missiles & has kept nucle>-tipp$ 
cruise missiles (f ! ,european cont95t =
 ?ree decades1 ?us sp>k+ increas$ conc]n
 9 a r5ew$ nucle> arms race betwe5 ! two
 c\ntries & o!r nucle>-arm$ nations2 &  
,:]eas1 on ,july #g1 #bjag1 an          
alt]native global nucle> policy 0 adopt$
 by #abb nations by sign+ ! ,treaty on !
 ,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons1 :i*   
calls = ! elim9ation ( all nucle>       
weapons3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t x is !    
s5se ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t !    
,unit$ ,/ates-- 7#a7 calls on !         
,presid5t to embrace ! goals &          
provisions ( ! ,treaty on ! ,prohibition
 ( ,nucle> ,weapons & make nucle>       
dis>mam5t ! c5t]piece ( ! national      
security policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &    
7#b7 calls on ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 !    
,secret>y ( ,def5se1 all o!r ,f$]al &   
congressional lead]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates &
 ! ,am]ican p to lead a global ef=t to  
prev5t nucle> w> by--  7,a7 r5\nc+ !    
option ( us+ nucle> weapons fir/2  7,b7 

end+ ! ,presid5t's sole au?ority to     
laun* a nucle> attack2  7,c7 tak+ !     
nucle> weapons ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates (f     
hair-trigg] al]t2  7,d7 cancel+ ! plan  
to replace ! nucle> ars5al ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates ) mod]niz$1 enhanc$ weapons2 &   
7,e7 actively pursu+ a v]ifiable        
agreem5t among nucle>-arm$ /ates to     
mutually elim9ate _! nucle> ars5als4