,,iv #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,h4 ,,res4 #cjb ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,april #aj1 #bjai,mr4 ,mc,govern 7for himself and ,mr4 ,blumenauer7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs1 and in addition to the ,committee on ,armed ,services1 for a period to be subsequently determined by the ,speaker1 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned ,,resolution ,embracing the goals and provisions of the ,treaty on the ,prohibition of ,nuclear ,weapons4 ,whereas since the height of the ,cold ,war1 the ,united ,states and ,russia have dismantled more than #ej1jjj nuclear warheads1 but #ad1ejj of these weapons still exist and pose an intolerable risk to human survival2 ,whereas #ie percent of these weapons are in the hands of the ,united ,states and ,russia and the rest are held by seven other countries3 ,china1 ,france1 ,israel1 ,india1 ,north ,korea1 ,pakistan1 and the ,united ,kingdom2 ,whereas the use of even a tiny fraction of these weapons could cause worldwide climate disruption and global famine--for example1 as few as #ajj ,hiroshima-sized bombs1 small by modern standards1 if used to attack urban industrial targets would put at least #e1jjj1jjj tons of soot into the upper atmosphere and cause climate disruption across the planet1 cutting food production and putting #b1jjj1jjj1jjj people at risk of starvation2 ,whereas according to scientific studies and models1 a large-scale nuclear war could kill hundreds of millions of people directly and cause unimaginable environmental damage and catastrophic climate disruption by dropping temperatures across the planet to levels not seen since the last ice age2 under these conditions much of humanity might face starvation and humans might even be at grave risk as a species2 ,whereas despite assurances that these arsenals exist solely to guarantee that they are never used1 there have been many occasions when nuclear armed states have prepared to use these weapons1 and war has been averted only at the last minute2 ,whereas the current nuclear weapons policies of the ,united ,states do not inherently prevent their use2 ,whereas in the #bjjc documentary1 ,the ,fog of ,war3 ,eleven ,lessons from the ,life of ,robert ,s4 ,mc,namara1 former ,defense ,secretary ,robert ,mc,namara said1 when describing the ,cuban ,missile ,crisis1 ,it was luck that prevented nuclear war--yet the nuclear policy of the ,united ,states should not be based on the hope that luck will continue2 ,whereas the ,united ,states intelligence community's ,january #bi1 #bjai1 annual assessment of worldwide threats warned that the effects of climate change and environmental degradation increase stress on communities around the world and intensify global instability and the likelihood of conflict1 causing the danger of using nuclear weapons or nuclear war to grow2 ,whereas in ,october #bjag1 the ,congressional ,budget ,office estimated that the ,nuclear ,modernization ,plan to upgrade and enhance nearly every element of the nuclear arsenal of the ,united ,states would result in costs of more than #a1bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj over #cj years1 not adjusting for inflation2 ,whereas the ,congressional ,budget ,office further estimates that annual spending on nuclear weapons will peak at about #ej1jjj1jjj1jjj during the late #bjbjs and early #bjcjs2 ,whereas a ,february #f1 #bjah1 report by the ,government ,accountability ,office report warned that the ,national ,nuclear ,security ,administration's 7,,nnsa7 plans to modernize its nuclear weapons do not align with its budget1 raising affordability concerns1 thereby increasing the pressure on the defense budget and the implicit trade-offs within that budget1 diverting crucial resources needed to assure the well-being of the ,american people and the ability to respond to global crises and priorities1 increasing the potential risk of nuclear accidents1 and helping fuel a global arms race2 ,whereas1 on ,february #b1 #bjai1 the ,united ,states and the ,russian ,federation withdrew from the ,intermediate-,range ,nuclear ,forces ,treaty1 signed in #aihg by ,president ,ronald ,reagan and ,soviet ,union leader ,mikhail ,gorbachev1 which has prohibited the development and deployment of ground-launched nuclear missiles with ranges of #caj miles to #c1dbj miles1 and has resulted in each country dismantling more than #b1ejj missiles and has kept nuclear-tipped cruise missiles off the ,european continent for three decades1 thus sparking increased concern in a renewed nuclear arms race between the two countries and other nuclear-armed nations2 and ,whereas1 on ,july #g1 #bjag1 an alternative global nuclear policy was adopted by #abb nations by signing the ,treaty on the ,prohibition of ,nuclear ,weapons1 which calls for the elimination of all nuclear weapons3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that it is the sense of the ,house of ,representatives that the ,united ,states-- 7#a7 calls on the ,president to embrace the goals and provisions of the ,treaty on the ,prohibition of ,nuclear ,weapons and make nuclear disarmament the centerpiece of the national security policy of the ,united ,states2 and 7#b7 calls on the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 all other ,federal and congressional leaders of the ,united ,states and the ,american people to lead a global effort to prevent nuclear war by-- 7,a7 renouncing the option of using nuclear weapons first2 7,b7 ending the ,president's sole authority to launch a nuclear attack2 7,c7 taking the nuclear weapons of the ,united ,states off hair-trigger alert2 7,d7 canceling the plan to replace the nuclear arsenal of the ,united ,states with modernized1 enhanced weapons2 and 7,e7 actively pursuing a verifiable agreement among nuclear-armed states to mutually eliminate their nuclear arsenals4