,,iv #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,h4 ,,res4 #aee ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,february #bg1 #bjai,mr4 ,green of ,texas 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,cohen1 ,mr4 ,vela1 ,ms4 ,adams1 ,ms4 ,bass1 ,mrs4 ,beatty1 ,mr4 ,bishop of ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,butterfield1 ,ms4 ,clarke of ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,cleaver1 ,mr4 ,clyburn1 ,mr4 ,danny ,k4 ,davis of ,illinois1 ,ms4 ,fudge1 ,mr4 ,hastings1 ,ms4 ,jackson ,lee1 ,mr4 ,jeffries1 ,mr4 ,richmond1 ,mr4 ,scott of ,virginia1 ,mr4 ,david ,scott of ,georgia1 ,ms4 ,sewell of ,alabama1 ,mr4 ,thompson of ,mississippi1 ,mr4 ,veasey1 ,ms4 ,waters1 ,mrs4 ,watson ,coleman1 and ,ms4 ,wilson of ,florida7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,oversight and ,reform ,,resolution ,recognizing and celebrating the significance of ,black ,history ,month4 ,whereas the theme for ,black ,history ,month #bjai is ,black ,migrations1 which emphasizes the movement of people of ,african descent to new destinations and to new social realities2 ,whereas this resolution focuses primarily on the migration of ,african ,americans1 which is one of the important phases in ,american history2 ,whereas inclusive of earlier centuries1 this theme focuses specifically on the #bjth century through today2 ,whereas1 beginning in the #bjth century1 ,african-,american migration patterns included relocation from ,southern farms to ,southern cities1 from the ,south to the ,northeast1 ,midwest1 and ,west1 and from the ,caribbean to ,united ,states cities2 ,whereas the relocation of formerly enslaved individuals and their descendants also included unfavorable interactions with law enforcement that often resulted in imprisonment and convict leasing2 ,whereas the remains of #ie persons1 thought to be of ,african ancestry1 who were subjected to the ,state's convict-leasing system were discovered at the construction site of ,fort ,bend ,independent ,school ,district's ,james ,reese ,career and ,technical ,center in ,sugar ,land1 ,texas2 ,whereas this movement known as the ,great ,migration was caused by a lack of economic opportunities1 harsh segregationist laws1 and the terror perpetrated against ,african-,american communities by the ,ku ,klux ,klan2 ,whereas the ,great ,migration exposed the racial divisions and disparities that continue to plague the ,nation and dominate headlines today1 from police killings of unarmed ,african ,americans to mass incarceration to widely documented biases in employment1 housing1 health care1 and education2 ,whereas1 prior to #aiaj1 more than #ij percent of the ,african-,american population lived in the ,south1 but by the #aigjs1 #dg percent of all ,african ,americans were living in the ,north and ,west2 ,whereas1 during ,world ,war ,i1 when slowing immigration from ,europe created a labor shortage in the ,north1 companies began recruiting ,african ,americans to fill the assembly lines and work the steel mills1 railroads1 and factories2 ,whereas ,african ,americans who migrated to the ,north still faced racial discrimination in the form of redlining1 racially based housing ordinances1 higher rent based on race1 the resurgence of the ,ku ,klux ,klan1 and rising instances of race riots2 ,whereas ,african ,americans created their own cities and neighborhoods free of discrimination where their culture expanded1 for example in ,harlem in ,new ,york ,city that housed over #bjj1jjj ,african ,americans during the #aibjs2 ,whereas at the end of the ,civil ,war1 many of ,durham's ,african ,americans left the plantations as free persons1 creating their own communities and opportunities1 and formed the ,hayti neighborhood1 which developed into a thriving business and residential district1 and around the same time1 efforts were made to provide educational opportunities for ,blacks1 including the founding of what is now ,north ,carolina ,central ,university 7,,nccu72 ,whereas ,greenwood1 ,oklahoma1 part of ,tulsa1 became home to thriving ,black businesses also known as ,black ,wall ,street until the ,tulsa race riot of #aiba1 in which a ,white mob burned down ,greenwood1 the site of the worst race riot in ,united ,states history2 ,whereas in ,freedmen's ,town1 ,texas1 thousands of freed slaves purchased land and built their homes along the ,buffalo ,bayou at the end of the ,civil ,war1 and over six decades the town thrived1 with churches1 schools1 stores1 theaters1 and jazz spots lining the cobblestone roadways until the ,great ,depression caused many to lose their homes and some longtime residents moved to other ,houston neighborhoods2 ,whereas1 in #aihd1 ,freedmen's ,town1 ,texas1 was designated a historic district2 ,whereas ,judge ,frank ,minis ,johnson1 ,jr41 served on the ,u4,s4 ,court of ,appeals for the ,fifth ,circuit1 ,u4,s4 ,court of ,appeals for the ,eleventh ,circuit1 and the ,u4,s4 ,district ,court for the ,middle ,district of ,alabama1 and in each capacity1 ,judge ,johnson courageously worked to advance the constitutional principles of freedom and equality2 ,whereas the insight and constitutional judgment of ,judge ,johnson were invaluable and aided the ,supreme ,court as it recognized the violations and injustices in our ,nation during the civil rights movement1 and without ,judge ,johnson's judicious temperament1 constitutional mindset1 and dedication to rule of law1 the civil rights movement would have been at a great disadvantage2 ,whereas ,senator ,edward ,brooke ,,iii became the first ,african ,american popularly elected to the ,senate and the first ,black politician from ,massachusetts to serve in ,congress1 and prior to being elected to the ,senate1 he was the first ,african-,american attorney general of any ,state in #aifb2 ,whereas ,senator ,brooke's election ended an #he-year absence of ,african-,american ,senators and he represented ,massachusetts in the ,senate from #aifg to #aigi1 and during his senatorial career1 he co-wrote the ,civil ,rights ,act of #aifh1 which prohibited discrimination in housing2 ,whereas ,senator ,brooke also became a prominent critic of ,president ,richard ,nixon and was the first ,senate ,republican to call for ,nixon's resignation in light of the ,watergate scandal2 ,whereas ,african-,american migration led to the emergence of both ,black industrial workers and ,black entrepreneurs1 resulting in the formation of a new society1 which included a variety of urban churches and new denominations but also new music forms like ragtime1 blues1 and jazz2 ,whereas ,african ,americans in all walks of life have made significant contributions throughout the history of the ,united ,states1 including through the-- 7#a7 music of ,louis ,armstrong1 ,chuck ,berry1 ,james ,brown1 ,ray ,charles1 ,john ,coltrane1 ,miles ,davis1 ,duke ,ellington1 ,ella ,fitzgerald1 ,billie ,holiday1 ,mahalia ,jackson1 ,francis ,johnson1 ,prince1 and ,bessie ,smith2 7#b7 writings of ,maya ,angelou1 ,james ,baldwin1 ,w4,e4,b4 ,du ,bois1 ,ralph ,ellison1 ,alex ,haley1 ,langston ,hughes1 ,zora ,neale ,hurston1 ,toni ,morrison1 ,alice ,walker1 ,booker ,t4 ,washington1 and ,richard ,wright2 7#c7 publications of ,the ,north ,star1 ,the ,crisis ,magazine1 ,ebony ,magazine1 ,jet ,magazine1 ,essence ,magazine1 ,black ,enterprise ,magazine1 ,the ,national ,association of ,black ,journalists 7,,nabj71 ,sister #b ,sister ,magazine1 and ,uptown ,magazine2 7#d7 resolve of athletes such as ,muhammad ,ali1 ,arthur ,ashe1 ,althea ,gibson1 ,lebron ,james1 ,michael ,jordan1 ,colin ,kaepernick1 ,joe ,louis1 ,jesse ,owens1 ,frederick ,fritz ,pollard1 ,jackie ,robinson1 ,wilma ,rudolph1 ,bill ,russell1 ,venus ,williams1 and ,serena ,williams2 7#e7 scientific advancements of ,benjamin ,banneker1 ,george ,washington ,carver1 ,george ,crum1 ,charles ,drew1 ,sarah ,goode1 ,euphemia ,lofton ,haynes1 ,mae ,jemison1 ,thomas ,jennings1 ,katherine ,johnson1 ,norbert ,rillieux1 ,neil de,grasse ,tyson1 and ,granville ,t4 ,woods2 7#f7 vision of leaders such as ,mary ,mc,leod ,bethune1 ,shirley ,chisholm1 ,frederick ,douglass1 ,fred ,hampton1 ,marsha ,p4 ,johnson1 ,martin ,luther ,king1 ,jr41 ,thurgood ,marshall1 ,huey ,newton1 and ,malcolm ,x2 and 7#g7 bravery of those who stood on the front lines in the battle against oppression1 such as ,sojourner ,truth1 ,fannie ,lou ,hammer1 and ,rosa ,parks2 ,whereas the period when ,northern ,african ,americans returned to the ,south led to racial suburbanization1 inner-city hyper ghettoization1 health and environment and civil rights and protest activism1 electoral politics1 mass incarceration1 and dynamic cultural production2 ,whereas ,negro ,history ,week represented the culmination of ,dr4 ,carter ,g4 ,woodson's efforts to enhance knowledge of ,black history started through the ,journal of ,negro ,history1 published by ,woodson's ,association for the ,study of ,african ,american ,life and ,history2 ,whereas the month of ,february is officially celebrated as ,black ,history ,month1 which dates to #aibf when ,dr4 ,carter ,g4 ,woodson set aside a special period of time in ,february to recognize the heritage and achievement of ,black ,americans2 and ,whereas the birthdays of ,abraham ,lincoln and ,frederick ,douglass inspired the creation of ,negro ,history ,week1 the precursor to ,black ,history ,month3 ,now1 therefore1 be it #a4 ,short title ,this resolution may be cited as the ,original ,black ,history ,month ,resolution of #bjai4 #b4 ,recognizing and celebrating ,black ,history ,month ,congress-- 7#a7 recognizes the importance of commemorating ,black ,history ,month as it acknowledges the achievements of ,african ,americans throughout our ,nation's history and encourages the continuation of its celebration to raise the awareness of this community's accomplishments for all ,americans2 7#b7 recognizes that racial diversity is what empowers the heritage of the ,united ,states and strengthens the bonds of our people2 and 7#c7 encourages for the continued spread of knowledge regarding ,black history and not limit it to a month during the year4