,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #acf  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #ad1         
#bjai,mr4 ,sires 7= himself1 ,ms4       
,%alala1 ,mr4 ,diaz-,bal>t1 ,mr4 ,rooney
 ( ,florida1 ,mr4 ,v>gas1 ,mr4 ,waltz1  
,ms4 ,wass]man ,s*ultz1 & ,ms4          
,muc>sel-,p[ell7 submitt$ ! foll[+      
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,=eign ,affairs  ,,resolution       
,affirm+ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba's =eign  
m$ical missions con/itute human         
traffick+4  ,:]eas1 9 #bjae1 ! ,gov]nm5t
 ( ,cuba ma9ta9$ m ?an #ej1jjj ,cuban   
doctors & m$ical p]sonnel 9 =eign m$ical
 missions 9 #fg c\ntries "u conditions t
 repres5t =c$ labor2 ,:]eas ! ,dep>tm5t 
( ,/ates' #bjah ,traffick+ 9 ,p]sons    
7,,tip7 report not$ t ,cuban au?orities 
co]c$ "s p>ticipants to rema9 9 ! =eign 
m$ical missions1 includ+ by--  7#a7     
)hold+ _! passports & re/rict+ _!       
movem5t2  7#b7 us+ m9d]s to monitor     
p>ticipants outside ( "w2  7#c7 ?reat5+ 
to revoke _! m$ical lic5ses2  7#d7      

retaliat+ aga9/ _! family memb]s 9 ,cuba
 if p>ticipants leave ! program2 or     
7#e7 impos+ exile if p>ticipants didn't 
return to ,cuba z direct$ by gov]nm5t   
sup]visors2 ,:]eas1 betwe5 #bjac &      
#bjah1 m ?an #bj1jjj ,cuban m$ical      
pr(essionals s]v$ 9 ,brazil & _h _!     
sal>ies g>ni%$1 movem5t re/rict$1 &     
family visits limit$ by ! ,gov]nm5t (   
,cuba2 ,:]eas inve/igative report+ by ! 
digital plat=m ,di>io de ,cuba1 ?r\gh an
 access to in=mation reque/1 reveal$ t  
,brazilian diplomatic cables detail$ !  
t]ms ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba's m$ical     
missions to ,brazil2 ,:]eas1 9 e>ly     
#bjab1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba propos$ to ! 
,gov]nm5t ( ,brazil ! e/abli%m5t ( a    
program to s5d ,cuban doctors to        
geographic regions ( ,brazil t _h an    
insuffici5t numb] ( m$ical p]sonnel2    
,:]eas1 dur+ subsequ5t negotiations1 !  
adm9i/ration ( =m] ,brazilian ,presid5t 
,dilma ,r\sseff propos$ an agreem5t     
betwe5 ! two gov]nm5ts to be implem5t$  
?r\gh coord9ation ) ! ,pan ,am]ican     

,heal? ,organization 7,,paho7 9 ord] to 
avoid ov]sight by ! ,national ,congress 
( ,brazil2 ,:]eas ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba   
/at$ t implem5t+ ! agreem5t ?r\gh !     
,unit$ ,/ates headqu>t]s ( ! ,pan       
,am]ican ,heal? ,organization w\ld      
pres5t risks = pot5tial violations (    
,unit$ ,/ates sanctions2 ,:]eas1 9 ,july
 #bjac1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba1 act+ ?r\gh 
! =-pr(it ,cuban ,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+
 ,corporation 7,com]cializadora de      
,s]vicios ,m$cos ,cubanos1 ,soci$ad     
,annima1 or ,,cms71 sign$ an agreem5t ) 
! ,brazilian ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? to =malize
 a comm]cial arrangem5t = ,cuban doctors
 to provide m$ical s]vices 9 ,brazil2   
,:]eas ! agreem5t betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t (  
,cuba & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,brazil e/abli%$--
 7#a7 t ! adm9i/ration ( =m] ,brazilian 
,presid5t ,dilma ,r\sseff w\ld pay !    
,pan ,am]ican ,heal? ,organization a    
mon?ly fee1 :i* w\ld !n pay ! =-pr(it   
,cuban ,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+          
,corporation 7,,cms7 = ! m$ical s]vices 
provid$ by ea* ,cuban doctor s]v+ 9     

,brazil2  7#b7 t ! =-pr(it ,cuban       
,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+ ,corporation    
7,,cms7 w\ld pay ea* ,cuban doctor      
approximately #be p]c5t ( ! mon?ly      
paym5t receiv$ f ! ,pan ,am]ican ,heal? 
,organization2  7#c7 t ! ,gov]nm5t (    
,cuba1 act+ ?r\gh ! =-pr(it ,cuban      
,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+ ,corporation    
7,,cms71 w\ld reta9 approximately #ge   
p]c5t ( ! mon?ly paym5t receiv$ f ! ,pan
 ,am]ican ,heal? ,organization2 &  7#d7 
re/rictions prev5t+ p>ticipat+ ,cuban   
doctors f seek+ employm5t 9 ,brazil     
outside ( ! =mal /ructure ( ! program2  
,:]eas1 9 ,july #bjac1 ! ,gov]nm5t (    
,brazil ann\nc$ ! creation ( ! ,mais    
,m$cos program1 :i* includ$ !           
p>ticipation ( ,cuban doctors & doctors 
( o!r nationalities2 ,:]eas ! =-pr(it   
,cuban ,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+          
,corporation 7,,cms7 comm5c$ contract+  
,cuban doctors = ! ,mais ,m$cos program1
 & ! fir/ ,cuban m$ical pr(essionals    
arriv$ 9 ,brazil 9 ,augu/ #bjac2 ,:]eas 
,cuban doctors 7 ! only m$ical          

pr(essionals p>ticipat+ 9 ! ,mais ,m$cos
 program to h _! sal>ies directly g>ni%$
 by _! gov]nm5t1 & doctors ( o!r        
nationalities s]v+ 9 ,brazil receiv$ !  
full am\nt ( _! sal>y2 ,:]eas ,cuban    
doctors p>ticipat+ 9 ! ,mais ,m$cos     
program fac$ sev]e limitations on _!    
ability to travel inside ,brazil & a    
prohibition on travel to neighbor+      
c\ntries2 ,:]eas ,cuban doctors         
p>ticipat+ 9 ! ,mais ,m$cos program 7   
prohibit$ f hav+ _! families accompany  
!m :ile /ation$ 9 ,brazil2 ,:]eas !     
,cuban doctors frequ5tly _h _! passports
 tak5 by ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba (ficials     
pres5t 9 ,brazil 9 ord] to limit _!     
ability to travel2 ,:]eas ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,/ate's #bjah ,traffick+ 9 ,p]sons      
7,,tip7 report docum5t$ h[ ! ,gov]nm5t (
 ,cuba also confiscat$ ,cuban doctors'  
passports 9 o!r c\ntries1 & /at$ t !    
,cuban gov]nm5t ackn[l$ges t x )holds   
passports ( ov]seas m$ical p]sonnel 9   
,v5ezuela2 ,:]eas ! ,pan ,am]ican ,heal?
 ,organization's ext]nal auditor1 !     

,spani% ,c\rt ( ,audit-- 7#a7 /at$ 9 its
 ,janu>y #bjah report t #aih ,cuban     
doctors h pres5t$ #aei legal *all5ges 9 
! ,brazilian c\rt sy/em s9ce ! />t ( !  
program 9 ,july #bjac dem&+ extra free  
"t 9 _! contracts & equal work+         
conditions z doctors ( o!r nationalities
 p>ticipat+ 9 ! ,mais ,m$cos program2 & 
7#b7 /at$ 9 its ,april #bjad report1 9  
recognition ( ! legal risks associat$ ) 
! ,mais ,m$cos program1 t x w\ld be     
prud5t t ,,paho set a cont+5cy plan to  
face possible negative /atem5ts ( !     
lawsuits2  ,:]eas ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba   
has /at$ t ,cuban doctors unwill+ to    
return to ! c\ntry aft] _! p>ticipation 
9 =eign m$ical missions w n be p]mitt$  
to return to _! homel& = eight ye>s2    
,:]eas ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba directly     
pr(its f export+ ! s]vices ( ,cuban     
pr(essionals1 hav+ e>n$ m ?an           
#h1jjj1jjj1jjj f _! "w 9 #bjaf1 ( :i*   
=eign m$ical missions repres5t !        
majority ( ! income2 & ,:]eas ! t]m     
sev]e =ms ( traffick+ 9 p]sons is def9$ 

"u section #ajc7i77;,b7 ( ! ,traffick+  
,victims ,protection ,act ( #bjjj 7#bb  
,u4,s4,c4 #gajb7i77;,b77 z ! recruitm5t1
 h>bor+1 transportation1 provision1 or  
obta9+ ( a p]son = labor or s]vices1    
?r\gh ! use ( =ce1 fraud1 or co]cion = !
 purpose ( subjection to involunt>y     
s]vitude1 peonage1 debt bondage1 or     
slav]y3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t x is ! s5se
 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t-- 7#a7 ! 
,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba subject$ ,cuban       
doctors & m$ical pr(essional p>ticipat+ 
9 ! ,mais ,m$cos program to             
/ate-sponsor$ human traffick+2  7#b7    
,cuban doctors p>ticipat+ 9 ! ,mais     
,m$cos program %\ld h be5 p]mitt$ to "w 
"u ! same conditions z all o!r =eign    
doctors p>ticipat+ 9 ! program2  7#c7 ! 
,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba %\ld comp5sate ,cuban 
doctors t p>ticipat$ 9 ! ,mais ,m$cos   
programs = ! full am\nt ( wages t 7     
g>ni%$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba2  7#d7    
=eign gov]nm5ts t sign agreem5ts ) !    
,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba or ! =-pr(it ,cuban   
,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+ ,corporation    

7,,cms7 or o!r companies affiliat$ ) !  
,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba to procure ! s]vices (
 ,cuban pr(essionals directly assume    
risks relat$ to p>ticipation 9 =c$ labor
 arrangem5ts2  7#e7 ! ,pan ,am]ican     
,heal? ,organization mu/ imm$iately     
provide great] transp>5cy ab\t its      
p>ticipation 9 ! ,mais ,m$cos program & 
its agreem5t ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba & !  
=-pr(it ,cuban ,m$ical ,s]vices ,trad+  
,corporation 7,,cms72  7#f7 ! ,unit$    
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate mu/ d[ngrade   
,cuba to ,ti] #c 9 its annual ,traffick+
 9 ,p]sons 7,,tip7 report1 giv5 new     
evid5ce on ,cuba's =eign m$ical missions
 & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,cuba's long/&+ failure
 to crim9alize mo/ =ms ( =c$ labor2 &   
7#g7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate mu/ ree/abli% !
 ,cuban ,m$ical ,pr(essionals ,p>ole    
7,,cmpp7 program4