,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #hgjg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #cj1 #bjbj,mr4
 ,engel 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,deut*1 ,ms4   
,spanb]g]1 ,mr4 ,mal9[ski1 ,mr4         
,got!im]1 ,mr4 ,s*neid]1 ,ms4 ,wass]man 
,s*ultz1 ,mrs4 ,murphy ( ,florida1 ,mr4 
,trone1 ,mr4 ,%]man1 & ,mr4 ,connolly7  
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs  ,a    
,,bill  ,to require c]tifications =     
transf]s ( c]ta9 ,unit$ ,/ates def5se   
articles & def5se s]vices1 & = o!r      
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,middle ,ea/ ,advanc$      
,milit>y ,te*nology ,protection ,act4   
#b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,9 ,june #bjag1 ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y (
 ,/ate = ,political-,milit>y ,affairs   
te/ifi$ to ,congress1 ,arms transf]s are
 =eign policy4 ,:5 we transf] a sy/em or
 a capability to a =eign p>tn]1 we are  
affect+ regional--or =eign              
int]nal--balances ( p[]2 we are s5d+ a  
signal ( support2 & we are e/abli%+ or  

su/a9+ relation%ips t may la/ =         
g5]ations & provide b5efits = an ext5d$ 
p]iod ( "t44  7#b7 ,= m ?an #ej ye>s1 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates has work$ to ensure       
,israel's qualitative milit>y edge :5   
consid]+ ! sale or export ( def5se      
articles & def5se s]vices to ,israel or 
to o!rs 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ region4  7#c7  
,ma9ta9+ a sub/antial qualitative       
milit>y edge is critical to pres]v+     
,israel's safety & security & has be5 a 
vital consid]ation 9 all previ\s sales (
 weapons to ! region4  7#d7 ,congress   
codifi$ ,unit$ ,/ates support =         
,israel's qualitative milit>y edge z    
,unit$ ,/ates policy 9 #bjjh 9 section  
#bja ( ,public ,law #aaj-dbi 7#bb       
,u4,s4,c4 #bggf note71 :i* requires t   
any propos$ ,u4,s4 arms sale to any     
c\ntry 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ o!r ?an ,israel 
mu/ include a notification to ,congress 
) a det]m9ation t ! sale or export ( su*
 w\ld n adv]sely affect ,israel's       
qualitative milit>y edge ov] milit>y    
?reats to ,israel4  7#e7 ,9 #bjaf1 !    

,unit$ ,/ates & ,israel sign$ a #aj-ye> 
,memor&um ( ,und]/&+1 9 :i* ! ,unit$    
,/ates committ$ t ! acquisition (       
additional ,u4,s4-produc$ capabilities &
 te*nology provide ! be/ means to ensure
 ,israel pres]ves its ,qualitative      
,milit>y ,edge 7,,qme74  7#f7 ,9 #bjae1 
,vice ,presid5t ,joe ,bid5 ann\nc$      
,unit$ ,/ates int5tion to transf] !     
,f-#ce ,jo9t ,/rike ,fight] to ,israel3 
,:at y may n "k is t next ye>1 we w     
deliv] to ,israel ! ,f-#ce ,jo9t ,/rike 
,fight]--our f9e/--mak+ ,israel ! only  
c\ntry 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ ) a             
fif?-g5]ation aircraft4 ,no o!r44  7#g7 
,9 #bjaf1 ,israel receiv$ its fir/      
%ipm5t ( ,f-#ce ,jo9t ,/rike ,fight]    
aircraft & on ! occasion1 ! ,israeli    
,def5se ,=ces /at$1 ,z ! ,middle ,ea/   
gr[s m & m un/able1 & z gr\ps t ?reat5  
to de/roy u race to /ockpile weapons1 we
 ne$ to /ay a /ep ahead ( ! game4 ,!    
,f-#ce gives u ! edge we ne$ to take on 
gr\ps & armies ) ev5 ! mo/ advanc$      
te*nology44  #c4 ,/atem5t ( policy ,x   

%all be ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t a  
propos$ sale or export ( def5se articles
 or def5se s]vices mu/ be det]m9$ n to  
adv]sely affect ,israel's ability to    
c\nt] & defeat any cr$ible conv5tional  
milit>y ?reat f any individual /ate or  
possible coalition ( /ates or f non-/ate
 actors1 :ile su/a9+ m9imal damages &   
casualties1 ?r\gh ! use ( sup]ior       
milit>y means possess$ 9 suffici5t      
quantity1 includ+ weapons1 comm&1       
control1 communication1 intellig5ce1    
surveillance1 & reconnaissance          
capabilities t 9 _! te*nical *>act]i/ics
 are sup]ior 9 capability to ^? ( su*   
o!r individual /ate or possible         
coalition /ates or non-/ate actors1     
consi/5t ) section #cf7;h7 ( ! ,arms    
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bggf7;h774  #d4 ,c]tification on       
crit]ia = transf] ( cov]$ def5se        
articles & def5se s]vices  7a7 ,9 g5]al 
,subject to subsections 7c7 & 7d71 &    
not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 !      
,presid5t may n transf] cov]$ def5se    

articles or def5se s]vices to any c\ntry
 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ o!r ?an ,israel until 
at lea/ #fj days aft] ! date on :i* !   
,presid5t transmits to ! appropriate    
congressional committees a c]tification 
describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 ) respect to !
 propos$ transf]4  7b7 ,c]tification    
describ$ ,a c]tification describ$ 9 ?is 
subsection is a c]tification 9 writ+ ( !
 foll[+3 7#a7 ,! recipi5t c\ntry has    
sign$ an agreem5t ( peace or            
normalization ) ,israel4  7#b7 ,!       
transf] ( ! cov]$ def5se articles or    
def5se s]vices includes a det]m9ation   
pursuant to section #cf7;h7 ( ! ,arms   
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bggf7;h774  7#c7 ,! transf] ( ! cov]$  
def5se articles or def5se s]vices does n
 pres5t a significant dang] ( compromis+
 ! critical milit>y & te*nological      
milit>y advantage su* articles or       
s]vices provide to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$
 ,=ces4  7#d7 ,! transf] ( ! cov]$      
def5se articles or def5se s]vices w n   
negatively affect ,israel's qualitative 

milit>y edge4  7#e7 ,! cov]$ def5se     
articles h be5 modifi$ to ensure t      
,israel is able to id5tify1 locate1 &   
cont9ually track su* articles :ile 9    
flight at a di/ance t is satisfactory to
 ,israel1 & t ! recipi5t c\ntry w n alt]
 su* modifications4  7#f7 ,! recipi5t   
c\ntry has provid$ specific1 reliable1 &
 v]ifiable assurances to ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 t x w protect ! cov]$ def5se articles &
 def5se s]vices f !ft or div]sion (     
s5sitive def5se te*nology to any o!r    
c\ntry or non-/ate actor4  7#g7 ,!      
recipi5t c\ntry has provid$ specific1   
reliable1 & v]ifiable assurances to !   
,unit$ ,/ates t x w n use ! cov]$ def5se
 articles or def5se s]vices to commit1  
or enable ! commission (1 a violation ( 
int]national humanit>ian law or         
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights4  
7#h7 ,! recipi5t c\ntry has provid$     
specific1 reliable1 & v]ifiable         
assurances to ! ,unit$ ,/ates t x w n   
make transf]s ( ! cov]$ def5se articles 
or def5se s]vices to ano!r c\ntry or    

non-/ate actor )\t specific au?orization
 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#i7 ,except z     
provid$ 9 subsection 7e71 ! recipi5t    
c\ntry has provid$ specific1 reliable1 &
 v]ifiable assurances to ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 t x w employ ! cov]$ def5se articles & 
def5se s]vices :5 arm$ only aft]        
consultation ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates relat+ to
 ! mission1 flight plan1 & purpose ( use
 ( ! articles & s]vices4  7#aj7 ,!      
,presid5t has e/abli%$ proc$ures to     
cont9ually monitor & v]ify ! compliance 
( ! recipi5t c\ntry ) ! requirem5ts     
describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#h74   
7c7 ,em]g5cy circum/ances ,if !         
,presid5t det]m9es t an em]g5cy exi/s   
:i* requires ! propos$ transf] ( cov]$  
def5se articles or def5se s]vices to any
 c\ntry 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ o!r ?an        
,israel1 ! ,presid5t %all provide !     
c]tification describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 )
 respect to ! propos$ transf] n lat] ?an
 #aj days be=e ! propos$ transf]4  7d7  
,failure ,to provide c]tification ,if ! 
,presid5t is unable to make !           

c]tification describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 )
 respect to a propos$ transf] ( cov]$   
def5se articles or def5se s]vices to any
 c\ntry 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ o!r ?an        
,israel1 ! ,presid5t may n transf] !    
articles or s]vices to su* c\ntry4  7e7 
,exception ,! requirem5ts ( subsection  
7b77#i7 %all n apply ) respect to ! use 
( ! cov]$ def5se articles & def5se      
s]vices 9 ! airspace ( ! recipi5t       
c\ntry4  #e4 ,annual c]tification  7a7  
,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,febru>y #a ( ea*  
cal5d> ye> foll[+ a cal5d> ye> 9 :i*    
cov]$ def5se articles or def5se s]vices 
h be5 transf]r$ to any c\ntry 9 !       
,middle ,ea/ o!r ?an ,israel1 !         
,presid5t %all provide a c]tification to
 ! appropriate congressional committees 
t ! c\ntry cont9ues to comply ) !       
requirem5ts describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#a7   
?r\gh 7#h7 ( section #d7;b74  7b7       
,failure ,to provide c]tification ,if ! 
,presid5t is unable to make !           
c]tification describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 )
 respect to a cal5d> ye>1 ! ,presid5t   

may n provide logi/ic support1          
ma9t5ance1 or supply replacem5t p>ts to 
! recipi5t c\ntry = ! rema9d] ( su*     
cal5d> ye>4  #f4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is     
,act3 7#a7 ,appropriate congressional   
committees ,! t]m appropriate           
congressional committees means !        
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on     
,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate4  7#b7     
,cov]$ def5se articles & def5se s]vices 
,! t]m cov]$ def5se articles & def5se   
s]vices means-- 7,a7 ! ,f-#ce ,jo9t     
,/rike ,fight] aircraft & associat$     
s]vices2  7,b7 any electronic w>f>e     
aircraft & associat$ s]vices2 &  7,c7   
any arm$ unmann$ a]ial sy/ems &         
associat$ s]vices4  7#c7 ,qualitative   
milit>y edge ,! t]m qualitative milit>y 
edge has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section   
#cf7;h77#c7 ( ! ,arms ,export ,control  
,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bggf7;h77#c774