,i  #aafth ,,congress  #b;d ,session    
,h4 ,r4 #hfce  ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of  
,,representatives  ,october #bj1        
#bjbj,mr4 ,levin of ,california 7for    
himself1 ,mr4 ,neguse1 ,mr4 ,blumenauer1
 ,ms4 ,blunt ,rochester1 ,ms4 ,bonamici1
 ,ms4 ,brownley of ,california1 ,ms4    
,judy ,chu of ,california1 ,mr4         
,cleaver1 ,mr4 ,de,saulnier1 ,ms4       
,eshoo1 ,mr4 ,huffman1 ,ms4 ,jayapal1   
,ms4 ,lee of ,california1 ,mr4          
,lowenthal1 ,ms4 ,pingree1 and ,mr4     
,nadler7 introduced the following bill2 
which was referred to the ,committee on 
,energy and ,commerce  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
amend the ,clean ,air ,act to create a  
national zero-emission vehicle standard1
 and for other purposes4  #a4 ,short    
title ,this ,act may be cited as the    
,zero-,emission ,vehicles ,act of #bjbj4
  #b4 ,national zero-emission vehicle   
standard ,part ,a of title ,,ii of the  
,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #geba et
 seq47 is amended by adding at the end  
the following3  #bbj4 ,national         

zero-emission vehicle standard  7a7     
,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7     
,base quantity of new passenger vehicles
 ,the term base quantity of new         
passenger vehicles means the total      
quantity of new passenger vehicles      
delivered for sale by a vehicle         
manufacturer during the most recent     
model year4  7#b7 ,passenger vehicle    
,the term passenger vehicle has the     
meaning given the term passenger motor  
vehicle in section #cbaja of title #di1 
,united ,states ,code4  7#c7 ,qualified 
electric vehicle ,the term qualified    
electric vehicle means a passenger      
vehicle that is-- 7,a7 a new qualified  
plug-in electric drive motor vehicle 7as
 defined in section #cj;,d7d7 of the    
,internal ,revenue ,code of #aihf72 or  
7,b7 a new qualified fuel cell motor    
vehicle 7as defined in section          
#cj;,b7d77#c7 of the ,internal ,revenue 
,code of #aihf74  7#d7 ,retire ,the term
 retire1 with respect to a zero-emission
 vehicle credit1 means to disqualify the

 zero-emission vehicle credit for any   
subsequent use under this section1      
including sale1 transfer1 exchange1 or  
submission in satisfaction of a         
compliance obligation4  7#e7 ,vehicle   
manufacturer  7,a7 ,in general ,the term
 vehicle manufacturer means an entity   
that-- 7i7 engaged in the manufacturing 
of new passenger vehicles2 and  7ii7    
sold not fewer than #ajj new passenger  
vehicles to ultimate purchasers in the  
,united ,states within the current or   
previous calendar year1 either directly 
or through an affiliate1 such as a      
dealer4  7,b7 ,exclusions ,the term     
vehicle manufacturer does not include-- 
7i7 a motor vehicle parts supplier2 or  
7ii7 a dealer4  7#f7 ,zero-emission     
vehicle ,the term zero-emission vehicle 
means a passenger vehicle that produces 
zero exhaust emissions of any criteria  
pollutant1 precursor pollutant1 or      
greenhouse gas1 other than water vapor1 
in any mode of operation or condition1  
as determined by the ,administrator4    

7b7 ,compliance ,for model year #bjbe   
and each model year thereafter1 each    
vehicle manufacturer shall meet the     
requirements of subsections 7c7 and 7d7 
by submitting to the ,administrator1 not
 later than ,april #a of the following  
calendar year1 as applicable-- 7#a7 for 
a vehicle manufacturer that fails to    
meet the minimum required percentage of 
zero-emission vehicle sales for the     
applicable model year1 as determined    
under subsection 7c71 a quantity of     
zero-emission vehicle credits sufficient
 to offset that excess1 as determined by
 the ,administrator2 or  7#b7 for a     
vehicle manufacturer that meets or      
exceeds the minimum required percentage 
of zero-emission vehicle sales for the  
applicable model year1 as determined    
under subsection 7c71 a certification of
 that compliance1 as the ,administrator 
determines to be appropriate4  7c7      
,minimum required annual percentage of  
zero-,emission vehicle credits ,for     
model years #bjbe through #bjce1 in     

annual increments1 the minimum annual   
percentage of the base quantity of new  
passenger vehicles of a vehicle         
manufacturer delivered for sale that are
 equivalent to zero-emission vehicles1  
based on the issuance of zero-emission  
vehicle credits1 shall be the applicable
 percentage specified in the following  
table3 ,minimum ,required ,annual       
,percentage of ,zero-,emission ,vehicle 
,credits,model                          
,year,percentage#bjbeej4jbjbfee4jbjbgfj4
jbjbhfe4jbjbigj4jbjcjge4jbjcahj4jbjcbhe4
jbjccij4jbjcdie4jbjceajj4j4  7d7        
,requirement for #bjce and thereafter   
,for model year #bjce and each model    
year thereafter1 a vehicle manufacturer 
shall sell only zero-emission vehicles4 
7e7 ,zero-,emission vehicle credits     
7#a7 ,in general ,a vehicle manufacturer
 may satisfy the requirements of        
subsection 7b7 through the submission of
 zero-emission vehicle credits-- 7,a7   
issued to the vehicle manufacturer under
 subsection 7f72 or  7,b7 obtained by   

purchase1 transfer1 or exchange under   
subsection 7g74  7#b7 ,limitation ,a    
zero-emission vehicle credit may be     
counted toward compliance with          
subsection 7b7 only once4  7f7 ,issuance
 of zero-,emission vehicle credits  7#a7
 ,in general ,not later than #b years   
after the date of enactment of this     
section1 the ,administrator shall       
establish by rule a program-- 7,a7 to   
verify and issue zero-emission vehicle  
credits to vehicle manufacturers2  7,b7 
to track the sale1 transfer1 exchange1  
carry over1 and retirement of           
zero-emission vehicle credits2 and  7,c7
 to enforce the requirements of this    
section4  7#b7 ,application  7,a7 ,in   
general ,a vehicle manufacturer that    
delivered for sale1 either directly or  
through an affiliate1 such as a dealer1 
a new zero-emission vehicle or a        
qualified electric vehicle in the       
,united ,states may apply to the        
,administrator for the issuance of a    
zero-emission vehicle credit4  7,b7     

,eligibility ,to be eligible for the    
issuance of a zero-emission vehicle     
credit1 a vehicle manufacturer shall    
demonstrate to the ,administrator that  
the vehicle manufacturer delivered for  
sale #a or more zero-emission vehicles  
or qualified electric vehicles in the   
previous model year4  7,c7 ,contents    
,the application shall indicate-- 7i7   
the type of zero-emission vehicle or    
qualified electric vehicle that was     
delivered for sale2  7ii7 the ,state in 
which the zero-emission vehicle or      
qualified electric vehicle was delivered
 for sale2 and  7iii7 any other         
information determined to be appropriate
 by the ,administrator4  7,d7           
,aggregation ,an application for a      
zero-emission vehicle credit under      
subparagraph 7,a7 may aggregate         
information on all zero-emission        
vehicles and qualified electric vehicles
 delivered for sale by the vehicle      
manufacturer in the applicable model    
year4  7#c7 ,quantity of zero-emission  

vehicle credits  7,a7 ,zero-emission    
vehicles ,the ,administrator shall issue
 to a vehicle manufacturer the          
application under paragraph 7#b7 of     
which is approved #a zero-emission      
vehicle credit for each zero-emission   
vehicle delivered for sale in the       
,united ,states4  7,b7 ,qualified       
electric vehicles ,for a qualified      
electric vehicle delivered for sale by a
 vehicle manufacturer the application   
under paragraph 7#b7 of which is        
approved1 the ,administrator shall issue
 a partial zero-emission vehicle credit 
based on the estimated proportion of the
 mileage driven on the battery of the   
qualified electric vehicle1 as          
determined by the ,administrator4  7,c7 
,credit banking ,a zero-emission vehicle
 credit issued for any model year that  
is not submitted to comply with the     
minimum annual percentage of            
zero-emission vehicles under subsection 
7c7 during that model year may be       
carried forward for use pursuant to     

subsection 7b77#a7 within the next #e   
years1 but not later than model year    
#bjce4  7g7 ,zero-,emission vehicle     
credit trading  7#a7 ,in general ,a     
zero-emission vehicle credit for any    
model year before #bjce that is not     
submitted to the ,administrator to      
comply with the minimum annual          
percentage of zero-emission vehicles    
under subsection 7c7 for that model year
 may be sold1 transferred1 or exchanged 
by the vehicle manufacturer to which the
 credit is issued or by any other entity
 that acquires the zero-emission vehicle
 credit4  7#b7 ,delegation  7,a7 ,in    
general ,the ,administrator may delegate
 to an appropriate market-making entity 
the administration of a national        
tradeable zero-emission vehicle credit  
market for purposes of creating a       
transparent national market for the sale
 or trade of zero-emission vehicle      
credits4  7,b7 ,public report ,if the   
,administrator makes a delegation under 
subparagraph 7,a71 the entity to which  

the ,administrator made the delegation  
shall annually submit to ,congress and  
make available to the public a report   
describing the status of the            
zero-emission vehicle credit market4    
7h7 ,zero-,emission vehicle credit      
retirement  7#a7 ,in general ,any entity
 that obtains legal rights to a         
zero-emission vehicle credit may retire 
the zero-emission vehicle credit in any 
model year4  7#b7 ,use of retired       
zero-emission vehicle credit ,a         
zero-emission vehicle credit retired    
under paragraph 7#a7 may not be used for
 compliance with subsection 7b7 in--    
7,a7 the model year in which the        
zero-emission vehicle credit is retired2
 or  7,b7 any subsequent model year4    
7i7 ,information collection ,the        
,administrator may collect the          
information necessary to verify and     
audit-- 7#a7 the model year sales of    
passenger vehicles of any vehicle       
manufacturer2  7#b7 a zero-emission     
vehicle credit submitted by a vehicle   

manufacturer pursuant to subsection     
7b77#a72  7#c7 the validity of a        
zero-emission vehicle credit submitted  
for compliance by a vehicle manufacturer
 to the ,administrator2 and  7#d7 the   
quantity of passenger vehicles delivered
 for sale in the ,united ,states of all 
vehicle manufacturers4  7j7 ,state      
programs  7#a7 ,in general ,nothing in  
this section shall preempt the authority
 of a ,state or political subdivision of
 a ,state to adopt or enforce any law   
7including regulations7 relating to     
motor vehicles1 including the authority 
to set standards for motor vehicle      
emissions and zero-emission vehicle     
requirements under section #agg and     
section #bji4  7#b7 ,compliance with    
section ,no law or regulation of a      
,state or political subdivision of a    
,state shall relieve any vehicle        
manufacturer from compliance with any   
requirement otherwise applicable under  
this section4  7k7 ,sense of ,congress  
,it is the sense of ,congress that      

vehicle manufacturers should diversify  
vehicle technologies and models to      
ensure consumer choice and access4  7l7 
,regulations ,not later than #edj days  
after the date of enactment of this     
section1 the ,administrator shall       
promulgate regulations to implement this
 section4  7m7 ,enforcement  7#a7 ,civil
 penalty  7,a7 ,in general ,a vehicle   
manufacturer that fails to comply with  
subsection 7b7 shall be liable for a    
civil penalty1 assessed by the          
,administrator1 in an amount that is    
equal to twice the average value of the 
aggregate quantity of zero-emission     
vehicle credits that the vehicle        
manufacturer failed to submit in        
violation of that subsection1 as        
determined by the ,administrator4  7,b7 
,enforcement ,the ,administrator shall  
assess any civil penalty under          
subparagraph 7,a74  7,c7 ,deposit ,with 
respect to any civil penalty paid to the
 ,administrator pursuant to subparagraph
 7,a71 the ,administrator shall deposit 

the amount into the ,highway ,trust     
,fund established by section #iejc7;a7  
of the ,internal ,revenue ,code of      
#aihf4  7#b7 ,injunction ,after model   
year #bjce1 the ,administrator may issue
 an injunction on the manufacture of any
 passenger vehicles other than          
zero-emission vehicles by a vehicle     
manufacturer4  4