,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #hebd  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #b1 #bjbj,mr4 
,s*weik]t 7= himself & ,mr4 ,soto7      
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce  ,a  
,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,electronic          
,signatures 9 ,global & ,national       
,comm]ce ,act to cl>ify ! applicability 
( su* ,act to electronic records1       
electronic signatures1 & sm>t contracts 
creat$1 /or$1 or secur$ on or ?r\gh a   
block*a91 to provide uni=m national     
/&>ds reg>d+ ! legal effect1 validity1 &
 en=ceability ( su* records1 signatures1
 & contracts1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4    
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,block*a9 ,records & ,transactions ,act 
( #bjbj4  #b4 ,am5dm5ts to ,electronic  
,signatures 9 ,global & ,national       
,comm]ce ,act  7a7 ,validity (          
electronic records1 electronic          
signatures1 & sm>t contracts us+        
block*a9 ,section #aja7;a7 ( !          
,electronic ,signatures 9 ,global &     

,national ,comm]ce ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4  
#gjja7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph   
7#a71 by /rik+ 2 & & ins]t+ a semicolon2
  7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by /rik+ ! p]iod
 at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#c7 by add+ 
at ! end ! foll[+3  7#c7 an electronic  
record1 electronic signature1 or sm>t   
contract may n be d5i$ legal effect1    
validity1 or en=ceability solely because
 x is creat$1 /or$1 or secur$ on or     
?r\gh a block*a94  4  7b7 ,exemption to 
preemption ,section #ajb ( ! ,electronic
 ,signatures 9 ,global & ,national      
,comm]ce ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gjjb7 is  
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 !
 head+1 by /rik+ ,9 g5]al & ins]t+      
,electronic records & electronic        
signatures g5]ally2 &  7,b7 9 ! matt]   
prec$+ p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ 1 except
 = p>agraph 7#c7 ( section #aja7;a71    
aft] ! provisions ( section #aja2  7#b7 
by r$esignat+ subsections 7b7 & 7c7 z   
subsections 7c7 & 7d71 respectively2 &  
7#c7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7a7 !    
foll[+3  7b7 ,electronic records1       

electronic signatures1 & sm>t contracts 
us+ block*a9 ,a ,/ate /atute1           
regulation1 or o!r rule ( law may       
modify1 limit1 or sup]s$e p>agraph 7#c7 
( section #aja7;a7 ) respect to ,/ate   
law only if su* /atute1 regulation1 or  
rule ( law is sub/antially simil> to su*
 p>agraph4  4  7c7 ,def9itions ,section 
#ajf ( ! ,electronic ,signatures 9      
,global & ,national ,comm]ce ,act 7#ae  
,u4,s4,c4 #gjjf7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by     
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#ab7 & 7#ac7 z    
p>agraphs 7#ad7 & 7#ae71 respectively2  
7#b7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 
7#aa7 z p>agraphs 7#b7 ?r\gh 7#ab71     
respectively2  7#c7 by ins]t+ be=e      
p>agraph 7#b7 7z s r$esignat$7 ! foll[+3
  7#a7 ,block*a9 ,! t]m block*a9 means  
s(tw>e t uses a di/ribut$ digital l$g] (
 cryptographically sign$ transactions t 
are gr\p$ into blocks1 ea* ( :i*-- 7,a7 
is cryptographically l9k$ to ! previ\s  
block aft] validation & und]go+ a       
cons5sus decision2 &  7,b7 :5 add$ z a  
new block1 makes any old] blocks m      

difficult to modify & is replicat$      
across all copies ( ! l$g] )9 ! relevant
 network1 ) any conflicts 9 su* blocks  
resolv$ automatically us+ e/abli%$      
rules4  2 &  7#d7 by ins]t+ aft]        
p>agraph 7#ab7 7z s r$esignat$7 !       
foll[+3  7#ac7 ,sm>t contract ,! t]m    
sm>t contract means a comput] program t 
reflects an agreem5t1 9 :ole or 9 "p1   
betwe5 two or m p>ties to execute       
transactions automatically bas$ on !    
occurr5ce ( agre$-^u ev5ts4  4