,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #fcfd  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,m>* #bc1 #bjbj,mr4   
,res*5?al] 7= himself & ,ms4 ,dean7     
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce1 & 9 
addition to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1
 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by 
! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation (  
su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction 
( ! committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
au?orize & e/abli% m9imum /&>ds =       
electronic & remote not>izations t occur
 9 or affect int]/ate comm]ce1 to       
require any ,f$]al c\rt locat$ 9 a ,/ate
 to recognize not>izations p]=m$ by a   
not>y public commission$ by ano!r ,/ate 
:5 ! not>ization occurs 9 or affects    
int]/ate comm]ce1 & to require any ,/ate
 to recognize not>izations p]=m$ by a   
not>y public commission$ by ano!r ,/ate 
:5 ! not>ization occurs 9 or affects    
int]/ate comm]ce or :5 ! not>ization 0  
p]=m$ "u or relates to a public act1    
record1 or judicial proce$+ ( ! ,/ate 9 

:i* ! not>y public 0 commission$4  #a4  
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,secur+ & ,enabl+ ,comm]ce ,us+ ,remote 
& ,electronic ,not>ization ,act ( #bjbj4
  #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7     
,commission$ ,! t]m commission$1 )      
respect to a not>y public1 includes a   
not>y public :o is appo9t$ & lic5s$4    
7#b7 ,electronic2 electronic record2    
electronic signature2 in=mation2 p]son2 
record ,! t]ms electronic1 electronic   
record1 electronic signature1 in=mation1
 p]son1 & record h ! mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms
 9 section #ajf ( ! ,electronic         
,signatures 9 ,global & ,national       
,comm]ce ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gjjf74    
7#c7 ,law ,! t]m law includes any       
/atute1 regulation1 or rule4  7#d7      
,not>ization ,! t]m not>ization includes
 any act-- 7,a7 t a not>y public may    
p]=m "u ,f$]al law1 includ+ ?is ,act1 or
 "u ! laws ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! not>y      
public is commission$1 )\t reg>d to :e!r
 ! not>y public p]=ms ! act-- 7i7 )     
respect to a tangible or electronic     

record2 or  7ii7 9 an individual1       
(ficial1 or repres5tative capacity2 &   
7,b7 9 :i* an individual mak+ a /atem5t 
or execut+ a record is n 9 ! physical   
pres5ce ( a not>y public b is able to   
communicate ) ! not>y public            
simultane\sly by sight & s\nd ?r\gh an  
electronic device or process at ! "t ( !
 act4  7#e7 ,requirem5t ,! t]m          
requirem5t includes a duty1 a /&>d (    
c>e1 & a prohibition4  7#f7             
,simultane\sly ,! t]m simultane\sly1 )  
respect to a communication betwe5       
p>ties-- 7,a7 means t ea* p>ty          
communicates sub/antially simultane\sly 
& )\t unreasonable int]ruption or       
disconnection2 &  7,b7 includes a       
reasonably %ort delay t is inh]5t 91 or 
common ) respect to1 ! me?od us$ = !    
communication4  7#g7 ,/amp or seal (    
(fice ,! t]m /amp or seal ( (fice means 
an image t-- 7,a7 conta9s in=mation z   
specifi$ "u ! law ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* a     
not>y public is commission$2  7,b7 a    
not>y public uses to au!nticate !       

not>ization ( a record2 &  7,c7 may     
consi/ (-- 7i7 a physical image or      
impression affix$ to or emboss$ on a    
tangible record2 or  7ii7 an electronic 
image atta*$ to1 or logically associat$ 
)1 an electronic record4  7#h7 ,/ate ,! 
t]m ,/ate-- 7,a7 means-- 7i7 any ,/ate (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7ii7 ! ,di/rict (    
,columbia2  7iii7 ! ,commonweal? (      
,pu]to ,rico2  7iv7 any t]ritory or     
possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7v7 any
 f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian tribe2 &     
7,b7 includes any executive1            
legislative1 or judicial ag5cy1 c\rt1   
dep>tm5t1 bo>d1 (fice1 cl]k1 record]1   
regi/]1 commission1 au?ority1           
in/itution1 in/rum5tality1 c\nty1       
municipality1 or o!r political          
subdivision ( an entity describ$ 9 any (
 clauses 7i7 ?r\gh 7v7 ( subp>agraph    
7,a74  #c4 ,au?orization to p]=m &      
m9imum /&>ds = electronic not>ization ,a
 not>y public commission$ "u ! laws ( a 
,/ate may p]=m a not>ization t occurs 9 
or affects int]/ate comm]ce ) respect to

 an electronic record1 if-- 7#a7 7,a7 a 
/amp or seal ( (fice is atta*$ to or    
logically associat$ ) ! electronic      
record2 or  7,b7 ! electronic signature 
( ! not>y public1 & all o!r in=mation   
requir$ to be includ$ "u o!r applicable 
law1 is atta*$ to or logically associat$
 ) ! signature or record2 &  7#b7 ! /amp
 or seal ( (fice1 electronic signature1 
or o!r in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraph    
7#a7 is securely b\nd to ! electronic   
record 9 a mann] t is capable (         
indep5d5t v]ification & r5d]s any       
subsequ5t *ange or modification to !    
electronic record evid5t4  #d4          
,au?orization to p]=m & m9imum /&>ds =  
remote not>ization  7a7 ,requirem5ts (  
remote not>ization ,a not>y public      
commission$ "u ! laws ( a ,/ate may p]=m
 a not>ization t occurs 9 or affects    
int]/ate comm]ce = an individual n 9 !  
physical pres5ce ( ! not>y public1 if-- 
7#a7 ! individual & ! not>y public are  
able to communicate simultane\sly by    
sight & s\nd ?r\gh an electronic device 

or process at ! "t ( ! not>ization2     
7#b7 ! not>y public-- 7,a7 has          
reasonably id5tifi$ ! individual ?r\gh--
 7i7 p]sonal k ( ! individual2  7ii7 n  
few] ?an #b di/9ct types ( processes or 
s]vices ?r\gh :i* a ?ird p]son provides 
a means to v]ify ! id5tity ( !          
individual ?r\gh a review ( public or   
private data s\rces2 or  7iii7 oa? or   
affirmation ( a cr$ible witness :o--    
7,i7 7aa7 is 9 ! physical pres5ce ( !   
not>y public or ! individual2 or  7bb7  
is able to communicate ) ! not>y public 
& ! individual simultane\sly by sight & 
s\nd ?r\gh an electronic device or      
process at ! "t ( ! not>ization2  7,,ii7
 has p]sonal k ( ! individual2 &        
7,,iii7 has be5 reasonably id5tifi$ by !
 not>y public "u clause 7i7 or 7ii72 &  
7,b7 ei!r directly or ?r\gh an ag5t--   
7i7 creates an audio & visual record+ ( 
! p]=mance ( ! not>ization2 &  7ii7     
reta9s ! record+ creat$ "u clause 7i7-- 
7,i7 z a not>ial record dur+ ! t]m ( !  
not>y public's (fice1 includ+ r5ewals ( 

t t]m1 unless a law ( ! ,/ate requires a
 diff]5t p]iod ( ret5tion2 &  7,,ii7 if 
any laws ( ! ,/ate gov]n ! cont5t1      
ret5tion1 security1 use1 effect1 &      
disclosure ( t record+ & any in=mation  
conta9$ 9 ! record+1 9 accordance ) ^?  
laws2 &  7#c7 ) respect to an individual
 physically locat$ outside ! geographic 
b\nd>ies ( a ,/ate or o!r location      
subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates at ! "t ( ! not>ization-- 7,a7 ! 
record-- 7i7 is int5d$ = fil+ )1 or     
relates to a matt] be=e1 a c\rt1        
gov]nm5tal entity1 public (ficial1 or   
o!r entity subject to ! jurisdiction ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  7ii7 involves       
prop]ty locat$ 9 ! t]ritorial           
jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or a     
transaction sub/antially connect$ to !  
,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7,b7 ! not>y public   
has no actual k t ! act ( mak+ ! /atem5t
 or sign+ ! record is prohibit$ by !    
laws ( ! jurisdiction 9 :i* ! individual
 is physically locat$4  7b7 ,p]sonal    
appe>ance satisfi$ ,if a ,/ate or ,f$]al

 law requires an individual to appe>    
p]sonally be=e or be 9 ! physical       
pres5ce ( a not>y public at ! "t ( a    
not>ization t occurs 9 or affects       
int]/ate comm]ce1 t requirem5t is       
satisfi$ if ! individual & ! not>y      
public are n 9 ! physical pres5ce ( ea* 
o!r b c communicate simultane\sly by    
sight & s\nd ?r\gh an electronic device 
or process at ! "t ( ! not>ization4  #e4
 ,recognition ( not>izations 9 ,f$]al   
c\rt ,ea* c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all   
recognize any not>ization p]=m$ by a    
not>y public commission$ "u ! laws ( a  
,/ate o!r ?an ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! c\rt is   
locat$ if-- 7#a7 ! not>ization occurs 9 
or affects int]/ate comm]ce2 &  7#b7    
7,a7 a /amp or seal ( (fice is affix$ or
 emboss$ on a tangible record2 or  7,b7 
9 ! case ( an electronic record-- 7i7 a 
/amp or seal ( (fice is atta*$ to or    
logically associat$ ) ! electronic      
record2 or  7ii7 ! electronic signature 
( ! not>y public1 & all o!r in=mation   
requir$ to be includ$ "u o!r applicable 

law1 is atta*$ to or logically associat$
 ) ! electronic record4  #f4            
,recognition by ,/ate ( not>izations    
p]=m$ "u au?ority ( ano!r ,/ate ,ea*    
,/ate %all recognize z hav+ ! same      
effect "u ! laws ( t ,/ate z if p]=m$ by
 a not>y public ( t ,/ate any           
not>ization p]=m$ by a not>y public     
commission$ "u ! laws ( any o!r ,/ate   
if-- 7#a7 7,a7 ! not>ization 0 p]=m$ "u 
or relates to a public act1 record1 or  
judicial proce$+ ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! not>y
 public is commission$2 or  7,b7 !      
not>ization occurs 9 or affects int]/ate
 comm]ce2 &  7#b7 7,a7 a /amp or seal ( 
(fice is affix$ or emboss$ on a tangible
 record2 or  7,b7 9 ! case ( an         
electronic record-- 7i7 a /amp or seal (
 (fice is atta*$ to or logically        
associat$ ) ! electronic record2 or     
7ii7 ! electronic signature ( ! not>y   
public1 & all o!r in=mation requir$ to  
be includ$ by o!r applicable law1 is    
atta*$ to or logically associat$ ) !    
electronic record4  #g4 ,electronic &   

remote not>ization n requir$ ,no?+ 9 ?is
 ,act may be con/ru$ to require a not>y 
public commission$ "u ! laws ( a ,/ate  
to p]=m a not>ization-- 7#a7 ) respect  
to an electronic record2  7#b7 = an     
individual n 9 ! physical pres5ce ( !   
not>y public2 or  7#c7 us+ a te*nology t
 ! not>y public has n select$4  #h4     
,rights ( aggriev$ p]sons n affect$2    
,/ate laws on ! practice ( law n affect$
  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! validity & recognition
 ( a not>ization "u ?is ,act may n be   
con/ru$ to prev5t an aggriev$ p]son f   
seek+ to invalidate a record or         
transaction t is ! subject ( a          
not>ization or f seek+ o!r rem$ies bas$ 
on ,/ate or ,f$]al law o!r ?an ?is ,act 
= any reason n address$ 9 ?is ,act1     
includ+ on ! basis-- 7#a7 t a p]son did 
n1 ) pres5t int5t to au!nticate or adopt
 a record-- 7,a7 execute or adopt on !  
record a tangible symbol2 or  7,b7 atta*
 to or logically associate ) ! record an
 electronic signature2  7#b7 t an       
individual 0 incompet5t1 lack$ au?ority 

or capacity to execute ! record1 or did 
n kn[+ly & volunt>ily execute a record2 
or  7#c7 ( fraud1 =g]y1 mi/ake1         
misrepres5tation1 imp]sonation1 duress1 
undue influ5ce1 or o!r invalidat+ cause4
  7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is   
,act may be con/ru$ to affect a ,/ate   
law gov]n+1 au?oriz+1 or prohibit+ !    
practice ( law4  #i4 ,exception to      
preemption ,a ,/ate law %all n be       
affect$ by a provision ( section #c or  
#d ( ?is ,act to ! ext5t t ! law-- 7#a7 
con/itutes an enactm5t or adoption ( !  
,revis$ ,uni=m ,law on ,not>ial ,acts1 z
 approv$ & recomm5d$ = enactm5t 9 all   
,/ates by ! ,national ,conf]5ce (       
,commission]s on ,uni=m ,/ate ,laws 9   
#bjah1 except t a modification to su*   
,act enact$ by a ,/ate %all be preempt$ 
to ! ext5t ! modification is inconsi/5t 
) ?is ,act or w\ld n be p]mitt$ "u      
p>agraph 7#b72 or  7#b7 specifies       
additional or alt]native proc$ures or   
requirem5ts = ! p]=mance ( not>izations 
) respect to electronic records or =    

individuals n 9 ! physical pres5ce ( a  
not>y public at ! "t ( ! not>ization1 if
 ^? additional or alt]native proc$ures  
or requirem5ts-- 7,a7 are consi/5t ) ?is
 ,act2 &  7,b7 d n accord great] legal  
effect to ! implem5tation or application
 ( a specific te*nology or te*nical     
specification = p]=m+ ^? not>izations4  
#aj4 ,validity ( not>izations2 /&>d (   
c>e2 special not>ial commissions2 sav+s 
clause  7a7 ,validity n affect$ ,!      
failure ( a not>y public to meet a      
requirem5t specifi$ 9 ?is ,act %all n   
invalidate or impair ! recognition ( a  
not>ization p]=m$ by ! not>y public4    
7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,?is ,act may n 
be con/ru$ to create a public or private
 cause ( action or rem$y4  7c7 ,/ate    
/&>ds ( c>e2 au?ority ( ,/ate           
commission+ (ficials ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act   
may be con/ru$ to prev5t a ,/ate1 or a  
commission+ (ficial ( a ,/ate1 f-- 7#a7 
adopt+ a requirem5t 9 ?is ,act z a duty 
or /&>d ( c>e "u ! laws ( t ,/ate or    
sanction+ a not>y public = brea* ( su* a

 duty or /&>d ( c>e2  7#b7 e/abli%+     
requirem5ts & qualifications = d5y+1    
refus+ to r5ew1 revok+1 susp5d+1 or     
impos+ a condition on a commission z a  
not>y public2 or  7#c7 creat+ or        
designat+ a class or type ( commission1 
or requir+ an endorsem5t or o!r         
au?orization to be receiv$ by a not>y   
public1 z a condition on ! au?ority to  
p]=m not>ial acts ) respect to          
electronic records or = individuals n 9 
! physical pres5ce ( ! not>y public4    
7d7 ,special commissions creat$ by a    
,/ate ,a not>y public commission$ "u !  
laws ( a ,/ate may n p]=m a not>ization 
"u section #c or #d ( ?is ,act if-- 7#a7
 ! ,/ate has enact$ a law t creates or  
designates a class or type ( commission1
 or requires an endorsem5t or o!r       
au?orization to be receiv$ by a not>y   
public1 z a condition on ! au?ority to  
p]=m not>ial acts ) respect to          
electronic records or = individuals n 9 
! physical pres5ce ( ! not>y public2 &  
7#b7 ! commission ( ! not>y public is n 

( ! class or type or ! not>y public has 
n receiv$ ! endorsem5t or o!r           
au?orization4  7e7 ,sav+s clause ,?is   
,act %all n affect ! validity ( a       
not>ization p]=m$ be=e ! date ( enactm5t
 ( ?is ,act4  #aa4 ,sev]ability ,if any 
provision ( ?is ,act or ! application ( 
su* a provision to any p]son or         
circum/ance is held to be invalid or    
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act & 
! application ( ! provisions ( ?is ,act 
to o!r p]sons or circum/ances %all n be 
affect$ by t hold+4