,i #aafth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #fbaf ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,march #ab1 #bjbj,ms4 ,johnson of ,texas 7for herself1 ,mr4 ,lucas1 ,mr4 ,mc,nerney1 ,mr4 ,olson1 ,mr4 ,lipinski1 and ,mr4 ,weber of ,texas7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology ,a ,,bill ,to establish the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4,sec4 #b4 ,findings4,sec4 #c4 ,definitions4,title ,i--,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative,sec4 #aja4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative4,sec4 #ajb4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,office4,sec4 #ajc4 ,coordination by ,interagency ,committee4,sec4 #ajd4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,advisory ,committee4,sec4 #aje4 ,national ,academies artificial intelligence impact study on workforce4,sec4 #ajf4 ,,gao report on computational needs4,title ,,ii--,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,institutes,sec4 #bja4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,institutes4,title ,,iii--,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,artificial ,intelligence ,activities,sec4 #cja4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology activities4,title ,,iv--,national ,science ,foundation ,artificial ,intelligence ,activities,sec4 #dja4 ,artificial intelligence research and education4,title ,v--,department of ,energy ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,program,sec4 #eja4 ,department of ,energy ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,program4 #b4 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,artificial intelligence is a tool that has the potential to change and possibly transform every sector of the ,united ,states economy and society4 7#b7 ,the ,federal ,government should continue to play an important role advancing research1 development1 standards1 and education activities in artificial intelligence through coordination and collaboration between government1 academia1 and the private sector to leverage the intellectual1 physical1 and digital resources of each stakeholder4 7#c7 ,the ,federal ,government lacks clear understanding of the capabilities of artificial intelligence and its potential to affect various social and economic sectors1 including ethical concerns1 national security implications1 and workforce impacts4 7#d7 ,researchers from academia1 ,federal laboratories1 and much of the private sector have limited access to many high-quality datasets1 computing resources1 or real-world testing environments to design and deploy safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems4 7#e7 ,there is a lack of standards and benchmarking for artificial intelligence systems that academia and the public and private sectors can use to evaluate the performance of these systems before and after deployment4 7#f7 ,artificial intelligence is increasingly becoming a highly interdisciplinary field with expertise required from a diverse range of scientific and other scholarly disciplines that traditionally work independently and continue to face cultural and institutional barriers to large scale collaboration4 7#g7 ,current ,federal investments and funding mechanisms are largely insufficient to incentivize and support the large-scale interdisciplinary and public-private collaborations that will be required to advance trustworthy artificial intelligence systems in the ,united ,states4 7#h7 ,the ,united ,states education pipeline for artificial intelligence fields faces significant challenges4 ,not only does the artificial intelligence research field lack the gender and racial diversity of the ,american population as a whole1 but it is failing to both retain researchers and adequately support educators to meet the demands of the next generation of students studying artificial intelligence4 7#i7 ,in order to help drive forward advances in trustworthy artificial intelligence across all sectors and to the benefit of all ,americans1 the ,federal ,government must provide sufficient resources and use its convening power to facilitate the growth of artificial intelligence human capital1 research1 and innovation capacity in academia and other nonprofit research organizations1 companies of all sizes and across all sectors1 and within the ,federal ,government4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,advisory ,committee ,the term ,advisory ,committee means the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,advisory ,committee established under section #ajd7;a74 7#b7 ,agency head ,the term agency head means the head of any ,executive agency 7as defined in section #aje of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code7 other than the ,department of ,defense4 7#c7 ,artificial intelligence ,the term artificial intelligence means a machine-based system that can1 for a given set of human-defined objectives1 make predictions1 recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments4 ,artificial intelligence systems use machine and human-based inputs to-- 7,a7 perceive real and virtual environments2 7,b7 abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner2 and 7,c7 use model inference to formulate options for information or action4 7#d7 ,initiative ,the term ,initiative means the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative established under section #aja7;a74 7#e7 ,initiative ,office ,the term ,initiative ,office means the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,office established under section #ajb7;a74 7#f7 ,institute ,the term ,institute means an ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,institute described in section #bja7;b77#a74 7#g7 ,interagency ,committee ,the term ,interagency ,committee means the interagency committee established under section #ajc7;a74 7#h7 ,k-#ab education ,the term ,k-#ab education means elementary school and secondary education1 as such terms are defined in section #haja of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja74 7#i7 ,machine learning ,the term machine learning means an application of artificial intelligence that is characterized by providing systems the ability to automatically learn and improve on the basis of data or experience1 without being explicitly programmed4 ,i ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative #aja4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative 7a7 ,establishment2 purposes ,the ,president shall establish and implement an initiative to be known as the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative4 ,the purposes of the ,initiative shall be to-- 7#a7 ensure continued ,united ,states leadership in artificial intelligence research and development2 7#b7 lead the world in the development and use of trustworthy artificial intelligence systems in the public and private sectors2 7#c7 maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence systems for all ,american people2 and 7#d7 prepare the present and future ,united ,states workforce for the integration of artificial intelligence systems across all sectors of the economy and society4 7b7 ,initiative activities ,in carrying out the ,initiative1 the ,president1 acting through the ,initiative ,office1 the ,interagency ,committee1 and agency heads as the ,president considers appropriate1 shall carry out activities that include the following3 7#a7 ,sustained1 consistent1 and coordinated support for artificial intelligence research and development through grants1 cooperative agreements1 testbeds1 and access to data and computing resources4 7#b7 ,support for the development of voluntary standards1 best practices1 and benchmarks for the development and use of trustworthy artificial intelligence systems4 7#c7 ,support for educational programs at all levels1 in both formal and informal learning environments1 to prepare the ,american workforce and the general public to be able to use and interact with artificial intelligence systems1 as well as adapt to the potentially transformative impact of artificial intelligence on society and the economy4 7#d7 ,support for interdisciplinary research1 education1 and training programs for students and researchers that promote learning in the methods and systems used in artificial intelligence and foster interdisciplinary perspectives and collaborations among subject matter experts in relevant fields1 including computer science1 mathematics1 statistics1 engineering1 social sciences1 psychology1 behavioral science1 ethics1 security1 legal scholarship1 and other disciplines that will be necessary to advance artificial intelligence research and development responsibly4 7#e7 ,support for partnerships to leverage knowledge1 computing resources1 access to open datasets1 and other resources from industry1 government1 nonprofit organizations1 ,federal laboratories1 ,state programs1 and institutions of higher education to advance activities under the ,initiative4 7#f7 ,interagency planning and coordination of ,federal artificial intelligence research1 development1 demonstration1 standards engagement1 and other activities under the ,initiative4 7#g7 ,outreach to diverse stakeholders1 including citizen groups and industry1 to ensure public input is taken into account in the activities of the ,initiative4 7#h7 ,leveraging existing ,federal investments to advance objectives of the ,initiative4 7#i7 ,support for a network of interdisciplinary artificial intelligence research institutes1 as described in section #bja7;b77#g77;,b74 7#aj7 ,support opportunities for international cooperation with strategic allies1 as appropriate1 on the research and development1 assessment1 and resources for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems and the development of voluntary consensus standards for those systems4 #ajb4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,office 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall establish or designate1 and appoint a director of1 an office to be known as the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,office to carry out the responsibilities described in subsection 7b7 with respect to the ,initiative4 ,the ,initiative ,office shall have sufficient staff to carry out such responsibilities1 including staff detailed from the ,federal departments and agencies described in section #ajc7;c74 7b7 ,responsibilities ,the ,director of the ,initiative ,office shall-- 7#a7 provide technical and administrative support to the ,interagency ,committee and the ,advisory ,committee2 7#b7 serve as the point of contact on ,federal artificial intelligence activities for ,federal departments and agencies1 industry1 academia1 nonprofit organizations1 professional societies1 ,state governments1 and such other persons as the ,initiative ,office considers appropriate to exchange technical and programmatic information2 7#c7 conduct regular public outreach to diverse stakeholders1 including through the convening of conferences and educational events1 the publication of information about significant ,initiative activities on a publicly available website1 and the dissemination of findings and recommendations of the ,advisory ,committee1 as appropriate2 and 7#d7 promote access to and early adoption of the technologies1 innovations1 lessons learned1 and expertise derived from ,initiative activities to agency missions and systems across the ,federal ,government1 and to industry1 including startup companies4 7c7 ,funding estimate ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall develop an estimate of the funds necessary to carry out the activities of the ,initiative ,coordination ,office1 including an estimate of how much each participating ,federal department and agency described in section #ajc7;c7 will contribute to such funds1 and submit such estimate to ,congress not later than #ij days after the enactment of this ,act4 ,the ,director shall update this estimate each year based on participating agency investments in artificial intelligence4 #ajc4 ,coordination by ,interagency ,committee 7a7 ,interagency committee ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council1 shall establish or designate an ,interagency ,committee to coordinate ,federal programs and activities in support of the ,initiative4 7b7 ,co-,chairs ,the ,interagency ,committee shall be co-chaired by the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy and1 on an annual rotating basis1 a representative from the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 or the ,department of ,energy1 as selected by the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy4 7c7 ,agency participation ,the ,committee shall include representatives from-- 7#a7 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 7#b7 the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7#c7 the ,department of ,energy2 7#d7 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 7#e7 the ,department of ,defense2 7#f7 the ,defense ,advanced ,research ,projects ,agency2 7#g7 the ,department of ,commerce2 7#h7 the ,office of the ,director of ,national ,intelligence2 7#i7 the ,office of ,management and ,budget2 7#aj7 the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy2 7#aa7 the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services2 7#ab7 the ,department of ,education2 7#ac7 the ,department of ,labor2 7#ad7 the ,department of the ,treasury2 7#ae7 the ,general ,services ,administration2 7#af7 the ,department of ,transportation2 7#ag7 the ,department of ,state2 7#ah7 the ,department of ,veterans ,affairs2 and 7#ai7 any other ,federal agency as considered appropriate by the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy4 7d7 ,responsibilities ,the ,interagency ,committee shall-- 7#a7 provide for interagency coordination of ,federal artificial intelligence research1 development1 and demonstration activities1 development of voluntary consensus standards and guidelines for research1 development1 testing1 and adoption of ethically developed1 safe1 and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems1 and education and training activities and programs of ,federal departments and agencies undertaken pursuant to the ,initiative2 7#b7 not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 develop a strategic plan for artificial intelligence 7to be updated not less than every #c years7 that-- 7,a7 establishes goals1 priorities1 and metrics for guiding and evaluating the ,initiative's activities2 and 7,b7 describes how the agencies carrying out the ,initiative will-- 7i7 determine and prioritize areas of artificial intelligence research1 development1 and demonstration requiring ,federal ,government leadership and investment2 7ii7 support long-term funding for interdisciplinary artificial intelligence research1 development1 demonstration1 education and public outreach activities2 7iii7 support research and other activities on ethical1 legal1 environmental1 safety1 security1 and other appropriate societal issues related to artificial intelligence2 7iv7 provide or facilitate the availability of curated1 standardized1 secure1 representative1 and privacy-protected data sets for artificial intelligence research and development2 7v7 provide or facilitate the necessary computing1 networking1 and data facilities for artificial intelligence research and development2 7vi7 reduce barriers to transferring artificial intelligence systems from the laboratory into application for the benefit of society and ,united ,states competitiveness2 7vii7 support and coordinate the network of artificial intelligence research institutes described in section #bja7;b77#g77;,b72 and 7viii7 in consultation with the ,council of ,economic ,advisers1 measure and track the contributions of artificial intelligence to ,united ,states economic growth and other societal indicators2 7#c7 propose an annually coordinated interagency budget for the ,initiative to the ,office of ,management and ,budget that is intended to ensure that the balance of funding across the ,initiative is sufficient to meet the goals and priorities established for the ,initiative2 and 7#d7 in carrying out this section1 take into consideration the recommendations of the ,advisory ,committee1 existing reports on related topics1 and the views of academic1 ,state1 industry1 and other appropriate groups4 7e7 ,annual report ,for each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year #bjbb1 not later than #ij days after submission of the ,president's annual budget request for such fiscal year1 the ,interagency ,committee shall prepare and submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report that includes-- 7#a7 a summarized budget in support of the ,initiative for such fiscal year and the preceding fiscal year1 including a disaggregation of spending for each ,federal agency participating in the ,initiative and for the development and acquisition of any research facilities and instrumentation2 and 7#b7 an assessment of how ,federal agencies are implementing the plan described in subsection 7d77#b71 and a description of those efforts4 #ajd4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,advisory ,committee 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy shall1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 establish an advisory committee to be known as the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,advisory ,committee4 7b7 ,qualifications ,the ,advisory ,committee shall consist of members1 appointed by the ,secretary of ,energy1 who are representing broad and interdisciplinary expertise and perspectives1 including from academic institutions1 companies across diverse sectors1 nonprofit and civil society entities1 and ,federal laboratories1 that are qualified to provide advice and information on science and technology research1 development1 ethics1 standards1 education1 technology transfer1 commercial application1 security1 and economic competitiveness related to artificial intelligence4 7c7 ,membership consideration ,in selecting the members of the ,advisory ,committee1 the ,secretary of ,energy may seek and give consideration to recommendations from the ,congress1 industry1 nonprofit organizations1 the scientific community 7including the ,national ,academy of ,sciences1 scientific professional societies1 and academic institutions71 the defense community1 and other appropriate organizations4 7d7 ,duties ,the ,advisory ,committee shall advise the ,president and the ,initiative ,office on matters related to the ,initiative1 including recommendations related to-- 7#a7 the current state of ,united ,states competitiveness and leadership in artificial intelligence1 including the scope and scale of ,united ,states investments in artificial intelligence research and development in the international context2 7#b7 the progress made in implementing the ,initiative1 including a review of the degree to which the ,initiative has achieved the goals under the metrics established by the ,interagency ,committee under section #ajc7;d77#b72 7#c7 the state of the science around artificial intelligence1 including progress towards artificial general intelligence2 7#d7 the need to update the ,initiative2 7#e7 the balance of activities and funding across the ,initiative2 7#f7 whether the strategic plan developed or updated by the ,interagency ,committee established under section #ajc7;d77#b7 is helping to maintain ,united ,states leadership in artificial intelligence2 7#g7 the management1 coordination1 and activities of the ,initiative2 7#h7 whether ethical1 legal1 safety1 security1 and other appropriate societal issues are adequately addressed by the ,initiative2 and 7#i7 opportunities for international cooperation with strategic allies on artificial intelligence research activities and standards development4 7e7 ,reports ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and not less frequently than once every #c years thereafter1 the ,advisory ,committee shall submit to the ,president1 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate1 a report on the ,advisory ,committee's findings and recommendations under subsection 7d74 7f7 ,travel expenses of non-,federal members ,non-,federal members of the ,advisory ,committee1 while attending meetings of the ,advisory ,committee or while otherwise serving at the request of the head of the ,advisory ,committee away from their homes or regular places of business1 may be allowed travel expenses1 including per diem in lieu of subsistence1 as authorized by section #egjc of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 for individuals in the ,government serving without pay4 ,nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit members of the ,advisory ,committee who are officers or employees of the ,united ,states from being allowed travel expenses1 including per diem in lieu of subsistence1 in accordance with existing law4 7g7 ,,faca exemption ,the ,secretary of ,energy shall charter the ,advisory ,committee in accordance with the ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app471 except that the ,advisory ,committee shall be exempt from section #ad of such ,act4 #aje4 ,national ,academies artificial intelligence impact study on workforce 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,national ,science ,foundation shall enter into a contract with the ,national ,research ,council of the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to conduct a study of the current and future impact of artificial intelligence on the workforce of the ,united ,states across sectors4 7b7 ,contents ,the study shall address-- 7#a7 workforce impacts across sectors caused by the increased adoption of artificial intelligence1 automation1 and other related trends2 7#b7 workforce needs and employment opportunities generated by the increased adoption of artificial intelligence across sectors2 7#c7 research gaps and data needed to better understand and track both workforce impacts and workforce needs and opportunities generated by adoption of artificial intelligence systems across sectors2 and 7#d7 recommendations to address the challenges and opportunities described in paragraphs 7#a71 7#b71 and 7#c74 7c7 ,stakeholders ,in conducting the study1 the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine shall seek input from a wide range of stakeholders in the public and private sectors4 7d7 ,report to ,congress ,the contract entered into under subsection 7a7 shall require the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine1 not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 to-- 7#a7 submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report containing the findings and recommendations of the study conducted under subsection 7a72 and 7#b7 make a copy of such report available on a publicly accessible website4 #ajf4 ,,gao report on computational needs 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall conduct a study of artificial intelligence computer hardware and computing required in order to maintain ,u4,s4 leadership in artificial intelligence research and development4 ,the ,comptroller ,general shall-- 7#a7 assess the composition of civilian computing resources supported by the ,federal ,government at universities and ,federal ,laboratories1 including programs with laboratory computing1 high performance computing1 cloud computing1 quantum computing1 edge computing1 and other computing resources2 7#b7 evaluate projected needs for computing consumption and performance required by the public and private sector for the training1 auditing1 validation1 testing1 and use of artificial intelligence over the next five years2 and 7#c7 offer recommendations to meet these projected needs4 ,,ii ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,institutes #bja4 ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,institutes 7a7 ,in general ,as part of the ,initiative1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall establish a program to award financial assistance for the planning1 establishment1 and support of ,institutes 7as described in subsection 7b77#b77 in accordance with this section4 7b7 ,financial assistance ,to establish and support national artificial intelligence research institutes 7#a7 ,in general ,under the ,initiative1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and every other agency head may award financial assistance to an eligible entity1 or consortia thereof1 as determined by an agency head1 to establish and support an ,institute4 7#b7 ,artificial intelligence institutes ,an ,institute described in this subsection is an artificial intelligence research institute that-- 7,a7 is focused on-- 7i7 a particular economic or social sector1 including health1 education1 manufacturing1 agriculture1 security1 energy1 and environment1 and includes a component that addresses the ethical1 societal1 safety1 and security implications relevant to the application of artificial intelligence in that sector2 or 7ii7 a cross-cutting challenge for artificial intelligence systems1 including trustworthiness1 or foundational science2 7,b7 requires partnership among public and private organizations1 including1 as appropriate1 ,federal agencies1 research universities1 community colleges1 nonprofit research organizations1 ,federal laboratories1 ,state1 local1 and tribal governments1 and industry 7or consortia thereof72 7,c7 has the potential to create an innovation ecosystem1 or enhance existing ecosystems1 to translate ,institute research into applications and products1 as appropriate to the topic of each ,institute2 7,d7 supports interdisciplinary research and development across multiple institutions and organizations involved in artificial intelligence research and related disciplines1 including physics1 engineering1 mathematical sciences1 computer and information science1 robotics1 biological and cognitive sciences1 material science1 social and behavioral sciences1 cybersecurity1 and technology ethics2 7,e7 supports interdisciplinary education activities1 including curriculum development1 research experiences1 and faculty professional development across two-year1 undergraduates1 masters1 and doctoral level programs2 and 7,f7 supports workforce development in artificial intelligence related disciplines in the ,united ,states1 including broadening participation of underrepresented communities4 7#c7 ,use of funds ,financial assistance awarded under paragraph 7#a7 may be used by an ,institute for-- 7,a7 managing and making available to researchers accessible1 curated1 standardized1 secure1 and privacy protected data sets from the public and private sectors for the purposes of training and testing artificial intelligence systems and for research using artificial intelligence systems1 pursuant to section #cja7;b7 and #cja7;c72 7,b7 developing and managing testbeds for artificial intelligence systems1 including sector-specific test beds1 designed to enable users to evaluate artificial intelligence systems prior to deployment2 7,c7 conducting research and education activities involving artificial intelligence systems to solve challenges with social1 economic1 health1 scientific1 and national security implications2 7,d7 providing or brokering access to computing resources1 networking1 and data facilities for artificial intelligence research and development relevant to the ,institute's research goals2 7,e7 providing technical assistance to users1 including software engineering support1 for artificial intelligence research and development relevant to the ,institute's research goals2 7,f7 engaging in outreach and engagement to broaden participation in artificial intelligence research and workforce2 and 7,g7 such other activities that an agency head1 whose agency's missions contribute to or are affected by artificial intelligence1 considers consistent with the purposes described in section #aja7;a74 7#d7 ,duration 7,a7 ,initial periods ,an award of financial assistance under paragraph 7#a7 shall be awarded for an initial period of #e years4 7,b7 ,extension ,an established ,institute may apply for1 and the agency head may grant1 extended funding for periods of #e years on a merit-reviewed basis using the merit review criteria of the sponsoring agency4 7#e7 ,application for financial assistance 7,a7 ,in general ,a person or group of persons seeking financial assistance under paragraph 7#a7 shall submit to an agency head an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the agency head may require4 7,b7 ,requirements ,an application submitted under subparagraph 7,a7 for an ,institute shall1 at a minimum1 include the following3 7i7 ,a plan for the ,institute to include-- 7,i7 the proposed goals and activities of the ,institute2 7,,ii7 how the ,institute will form partnerships with other research institutions1 industry1 and nonprofits to leverage expertise in artificial intelligence and access to data1 including non-governmental data and computing resources2 7,,iii7 how the institute will support long-term and short-term education and workforce development in artificial intelligence1 including broadening participation of underrepresented communities2 and 7,,iv7 a plan for how the ,institute will transition from planning into operations4 7ii7 ,a description of the anticipated sources and nature of any non-,federal contributions1 including privately held data sets1 computing resources1 and other types of in-kind support4 7iii7 ,a description of the anticipated long-term impact of such ,institute4 7#f7 ,competitive1 merit review ,in awarding financial assistance under paragraph 7#a71 the agency head shall-- 7,a7 use a competitive1 merit review process that includes peer review by a diverse group of individuals with relevant expertise from both the private and public sectors2 and 7,b7 ensure the focus areas of the ,institute do not substantially duplicate the efforts of any other ,institute4 7#g7 ,collaboration 7,a7 ,in general ,in awarding financial assistance under paragraph 7#a71 an agency head may collaborate with ,federal departments and agencies whose missions contribute to or are affected by artificial intelligence systems1 including the agencies outlined in section #ajc7;c74 7,b7 ,coordinating network ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall establish a network of ,institutes receiving financial assistance under this subsection1 to be known as the ,artificial ,intelligence ,leadership ,network1 to coordinate cross-cutting research and other activities carried out by the ,institutes4 7,c7 ,funding ,the head of an agency may request1 accept1 and provide funds from other ,federal departments and agencies1 ,state1 ,united ,states territory1 local1 or tribal government agencies1 private sector for-profit entities1 and nonprofit entities1 to be available to the extent provided by appropriations ,acts1 to support an ,institute's activities4 ,the head of an agency may not give any special consideration to any agency or entity in return for a donation4 ,,iii ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,artificial ,intelligence ,activities #cja4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology activities 7a7 ,in general ,as part of the ,initiative1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall-- 7#a7 support measurement research and development of best practices and voluntary standards for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems1 including for-- 7,a7 privacy and security1 including for datasets used to train or test artificial intelligence systems and software and hardware used in artificial intelligence systems2 7,b7 advanced computer chips and hardware designed for artificial intelligence systems2 7,c7 data management and techniques to increase the usability of data1 including strategies to systematically clean1 label1 and standardize data into forms useful for training artificial intelligence systems and the use of common1 open licenses2 7,d7 safety and robustness of artificial intelligence systems1 including assurance1 verification1 validation1 security1 control1 and the ability for artificial intelligence systems to withstand unexpected inputs and adversarial attacks2 7,e7 auditing mechanisms and benchmarks for accuracy1 transparency1 verifiability1 and safety assurance for artificial intelligence systems2 7,f7 applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence systems to improve other scientific fields and engineering2 and 7,g7 all other areas deemed by the ,director to be critical to the development and deployment of trustworthy artificial intelligence2 7#b7 produce curated1 standardized1 representative1 secure1 and privacy protected data sets for artificial intelligence research1 development1 and use1 prioritizing data for high-value1 high-risk research2 7#c7 support one or more institutes as described in section #bja7;a7 of this ,act for the purpose of advancing the field of artificial intelligence2 7#d7 support and strategically engage in the development of voluntary consensus standards1 including international standards1 through open1 transparent1 and consensus-based processes2 and 7#e7 enter into and perform such contracts1 including cooperative research and development arrangements and grants and cooperative agreements or other transactions1 as may be necessary in the conduct of the work of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology and on such terms as the ,director considers appropriate1 in furtherance of the purposes of this ,act4 7b7 ,risk management framework ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director shall work to develop1 and periodically update1 in collaboration with other public and private sector organizations1 including the ,national ,science ,foundation and the ,department of ,energy1 a voluntary risk management framework for the trustworthiness of artificial intelligence systems4 ,the framework shall-- 7#a7 identify and provide standards1 guidelines1 best practices1 methodologies1 procedures1 and processes for assessing the trustworthiness of1 and mitigating risks to1 artificial intelligence systems2 7#b7 establish common definitions and characterizations for aspects and levels of trustworthiness1 including explainability1 transparency1 safety1 privacy1 security1 robustness1 fairness1 bias1 ethics1 validation1 verification1 and other properties related to artificial intelligence systems that are common across all sectors2 7#c7 provide guidance and implementation steps for risk management of artificial intelligence systems2 7#d7 provide sector-specific case studies of implementation of the framework2 7#e7 align with voluntary consensus standards1 including international standards1 to the fullest extent possible2 7#f7 incorporate voluntary consensus standards and industry best practices2 and 7#g7 not prescribe or otherwise require-- 7,a7 the use of specific solutions2 or 7,b7 the use of specific information or communications technology products or services4 7c7 ,data sharing best practices ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,director shall1 in collaboration with other public and private sector organizations1 develop guidance to facilitate the creation of voluntary data sharing arrangements between industry1 federally funded research centers1 and ,federal agencies for the purpose of advancing artificial intelligence research and technologies1 including-- 7#a7 options for partnership models between government entities1 industry1 universities1 and nonprofits that incentivize each party to share the data they collected2 and 7#b7 best practices for datasets involving human characteristics1 including-- 7,a7 standards for metadata that describe the properties of datasets1 including-- 7i7 how the data was collected2 7ii7 what populations are included and excluded from the datasets2 and 7iii7 any other properties as determined by the ,director2 and 7,b7 standards for privacy and security of datasets with human characteristics4 7d7 ,stakeholder outreach ,in carrying out the activities under this subsection1 the ,director shall-- 7#a7 solicit input from university researchers1 private sector experts1 relevant ,federal agencies1 ,federal laboratories1 ,state and local governments1 civil society groups1 and other relevant stakeholders2 7#b7 solicit input from experts in relevant fields of social science1 technology ethics1 and law2 and 7#c7 provide opportunity for public comment on guidelines and best practices developed as part of the ,initiative1 as appropriate4 7e7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology to carry out this subsection-- 7#a7 #fd1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#b7 #gj1djj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#c7 #gg1ddj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#d7 #he1ahj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 and 7#e7 #ic1gjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 ,,iv ,national ,science ,foundation ,artificial ,intelligence ,activities #dja4 ,artificial intelligence research and education 7a7 ,in general ,as part of the ,initiative1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall fund research and education activities in artificial intelligence systems and related fields1 including competitive awards or grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof74 7b7 ,uses of funds ,in carrying out the activities under subsection 7a71 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall-- 7#a7 support research1 including interdisciplinary research on artificial intelligence systems and related areas2 7#b7 support collaborations among researchers across disciplines1 including between social scientists and computer and data scientists1 to advance research critical to the development and deployment of trustworthy artificial intelligence systems1 including support for interdisciplinary research relating advances in artificial intelligence to changes in the future workplace1 in a social and economic context2 7#c7 use the existing programs of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in collaboration with other ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate to-- 7,a7 improve the teaching and learning of artificial intelligence systems at all levels of education2 and 7,b7 increase participation in artificial intelligence related fields1 including by individuals identified in sections #cc and #cd of the ,science and ,engineering ,equal ,opportunity ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahhe;a1 #ahhe;b72 7#d7 engage with institutions of higher education1 research communities1 industry1 ,federal laboratories1 nonprofit organizations1 ,state and local governments1 and potential users of information produced under this section1 including through the convening of workshops and conferences1 to leverage the collective body of knowledge across disciplines relevant to artificial intelligence1 facilitate new collaborations and partnerships1 and identify emerging research needs2 7#e7 support partnerships among institutions of higher education and industry that facilitate collaborative research1 personnel exchanges1 and workforce development with respect to artificial intelligence systems2 7#f7 ensure adequate access to research and education infrastructure with respect to artificial intelligence systems1 including through the development of new computing resources and partnership with the private sector for the provision of cloud-based computing services2 7#g7 conduct prize competitions1 as appropriate1 pursuant to section #bd of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai72 7#h7 coordinate research efforts funded through existing programs across the directorates of the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7#i7 provide guidance on data sharing by grantees to public and private sector organizations consistent with the standards and guidelines developed under section #cja7;c72 and 7#aj7 evaluate opportunities for international collaboration with strategic allies on artificial intelligence research and development4 7c7 ,artificial intelligence research grants 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall award grants for research on artificial intelligence systems4 ,research areas may include-- 7,a7 artificial intelligence systems1 including machine learning1 computer vision1 robotics1 and hardware for accelerating artificial intelligence systems2 7,b7 artificial intelligence-enabled systems2 7,c7 fields and research areas that will contribute to the advancement of artificial intelligence systems1 including information theory1 causal and statistical inference1 data mining1 information extraction1 human-robot interaction1 and intelligent interfaces2 7,d7 fields and research areas that increase understanding of human characteristics relevant to artificial intelligence systems1 including computational neuroscience1 reasoning and representation1 speech and language1 multi-agent systems1 intelligent interfaces1 human-artificial intelligence cooperation1 and artificial intelligence-augmented human problem solving2 7,e7 fields and research areas that increase understanding of learning1 adaptability1 and resilience beyond the human cognitive model1 including topics in developmental biology1 zoology1 botany1 morphological computation1 and organismal systems2 7,f7 fields and research areas that will contribute to the development and deployment of trustworthy artificial intelligence systems1 including-- 7i7 algorithmic explainability2 7ii7 methods to assess1 characterize1 and reduce bias in datasets and artificial intelligence systems2 and 7iii7 safety and robustness of artificial intelligence systems1 including assurance1 verification1 validation1 security1 and control2 7,g7 privacy and security1 including for datasets used for the training and inference of artificial intelligence systems1 and software and hardware used in artificial intelligence systems2 7,h7 fields and research areas that address the application of artificial intelligence systems to scientific discovery and societal challenges2 7,i7 societal1 ethical1 safety1 education1 workforce1 and security implications of artificial intelligence systems1 including social impact of artificial intelligence systems on different groups within society1 especially historically marginalized groups2 and 7,j7 qualitative and quantitative forecasting of future capabilities1 applications1 and impacts4 7#b7 ,engineering support ,in soliciting proposals for funding under this section1 the ,director shall permit applicants to include in their proposed budgets funding for software engineering support to assist with the proposed research4 7#c7 ,ethics 7,a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7i7 a number of emerging areas of research1 including artificial intelligence1 have potential ethical1 social1 safety1 and security implications that might be apparent as early as the basic research stage2 7ii7 the incorporation of ethical1 social1 safety1 and security considerations into the research design and review process for ,federal awards may help mitigate potential harms before they happen2 7iii7 the ,national ,science ,foundation's intent to enter into an agreement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to conduct a study and make recommendations with respect to governance of research in emerging technologies is a positive step toward accomplishing this goal2 and 7iv7 the ,national ,science ,foundation should continue to work with stakeholders to understand and adopt policies that promote best practices for governance of research in emerging technologies at every stage of research4 7,b7 ,ethics statements 7i7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,director shall amend grant proposal instructions to include a requirement for an ethics statement to be included as part of any proposal for funding prior to making the award4 ,such statement shall be considered by the ,director in the review of proposals1 taking into consideration any relevant input from the peer-reviewers for the proposal1 and shall factor into award decisions as deemed necessary by the ,director4 7ii7 ,contents ,such statements may include1 as appropriate-- 7,i7 the potential societal benefits of the research2 7,,ii7 any foreseeable or quantifiable risks to society1 including how the research could enable products1 technologies1 or other outcomes that could intentionally or unintentionally cause significant societal harm2 and 7,,iii7 how technical or social solutions can mitigate such risks and1 as appropriate1 a plan to implement such mitigation measures4 7iii7 ,guidance ,the ,director shall issue clear guidance on what constitutes a foreseeable or quantifiable risk described in clause 7ii77,,ii71 and to the extent practical harmonize this policy with existing ethical policies or related requirements for human subjects4 7iv7 ,annual reports ,the ,director shall encourage grantees to update their ethics statements as appropriate as part of the annual reports required by all grantees under the grant terms and conditions4 7d7 ,education 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall award grants for education programs at the ,k-#ab1 community college1 undergraduate1 graduate1 postdoctoral1 adult learning1 and retraining stages of education that-- 7,a7 support the development of a diverse workforce pipeline for science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence systems2 7,b7 increase awareness of ethical1 social1 safety1 and security implications of artificial intelligence systems2 and 7,c7 promote the widespread understanding of artificial intelligence principles and methods to create an educated workforce and general public able to use products enabled by artificial intelligence systems and adapt to future societal and economic changes caused by artificial intelligence systems4 7#b7 ,use of funds ,grants awarded under this section for education activities referred to in paragraph 7#a7 may be used for-- 7,a7 ,k-#ab1 undergraduate1 and community college curriculum development and other educational tools and methods in artificial intelligence related fields2 7,b7 curriculum development in the field of technology ethics2 7,c7 support for informal education activities for ,k-#ab students to engage with artificial intelligence systems2 7,d7 efforts to achieve equitable access to ,k-#ab artificial intelligence education for populations and geographic areas traditionally underrepresented in the artificial intelligence field2 7,e7 training and professional development programs1 including innovative pre-service and in-service programs1 in artificial intelligence and related fields for ,k-#ab teachers2 7,f7 efforts to improve the retention rate for researchers focusing on artificial intelligence systems at institutions of higher learning and other nonprofit research institutions2 7,g7 outreach programs to educate the general public about the uses of artificial intelligence and its societal implications2 7,h7 assessments of activities conducted under this subsection2 and 7,i7 any other relevant activities the ,director determines will accomplish the aim described in paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,artificial intelligence traineeships and fellowships 7,a7 ,artificial intelligence traineeships 7i7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall award grants to institutions of higher education to establish traineeship programs for graduate students who pursue artificial intelligence-related research leading to a masters or doctorate degree by providing funding and other assistance1 and by providing graduate students opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to the students' artificial intelligence studies4 7ii7 ,use of funds ,an institution of higher education shall use grant funds provided under clause 7i7 for the purposes of-- 7,i7 providing traineeships to students who are pursuing research in artificial intelligence leading to a masters or doctorate degree2 7,,ii7 paying tuition and fees for students receiving traineeships who are citizens1 nationals1 or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of the ,united ,states2 7,,iii7 creating and requiring courses or training programs in technology ethics for students receiving traineeships2 7,,iv7 creating opportunities for research in technology ethics for students receiving traineeships2 7,v7 establishing scientific internship programs for students receiving traineeships in artificial intelligence at for-profit institutions1 nonprofit research institutions1 or government laboratories2 and 7,,vi7 other costs associated with the administration of the program4 7,b7 ,artificial intelligence fellowships ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall award fellowships to masters and doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers at institutions of higher education who are pursuing degrees or research in artificial intelligence and related fields1 including in the field of technology ethics4 ,in making such awards1 the ,director shall-- 7i7 ensure recipients of artificial intelligence fellowships are citizens1 nationals1 or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of the ,united ,states2 and 7ii7 conduct outreach1 including through formal solicitations1 to solicit proposals from students and postdoctoral researchers seeking to carry out research in aspects of technology ethics with relevance to artificial intelligence systems4 7e7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,national ,science ,foundation to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #hfh1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#b7 #iaa1djj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#c7 #ief1igj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#d7 #a1jjd1hbj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 and 7#e7 #a1jee1jfj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 ,v ,department of ,energy ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,program #eja4 ,department of ,energy ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall carry out a cross-cutting research and development program to advance artificial intelligence tools1 systems1 capabilities1 and workforce needs and to improve the reliability of artificial intelligence methods and solutions relevant to the mission of the ,department4 ,in carrying out this program1 the ,secretary shall coordinate across all relevant offices and programs at the ,department1 including the ,office of ,science1 the ,office of ,energy ,efficiency and ,renewable ,energy1 the ,office of ,nuclear ,energy1 the ,office of ,fossil ,energy1 the ,office of ,electricity1 the ,office of ,cybersecurity1 ,energy ,security1 and ,emergency ,response1 the ,advanced ,research ,projects ,agency-,energy1 and any other relevant office determined by the ,secretary4 7b7 ,research areas ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall award financial assistance to eligible entities to carry out research projects on topics including-- 7#a7 the application of artificial intelligence systems to improve large-scale simulations of natural and other phenomena2 7#b7 the study of applied mathematics1 computer science1 and statistics1 including foundations of methods and systems of artificial intelligence1 causal and statistical inference1 and the development of algorithms for artificial intelligence systems2 7#c7 the analysis of existing large-scale datasets from science and engineering experiments and simulations1 including energy simulations and other priorities at the ,department as determined by the ,secretary using artificial intelligence tools and techniques2 7#d7 the development of operation and control systems that enhance automated1 intelligent decisionmaking capabilities2 7#e7 the development of advanced computing hardware and computer architecture tailored to artificial intelligence systems1 including the codesign of networks and computational hardware2 7#f7 the development of standardized datasets for emerging artificial intelligence research fields and applications1 including methods for addressing data scarcity2 and 7#g7 the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence systems1 including-- 7,a7 algorithmic explainability2 7,b7 analytical methods for identifying and mitigating bias in artificial intelligence systems2 and 7,c7 safety and robustness1 including assurance1 verification1 validation1 security1 and control4 7c7 ,technology transfer ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall support technology transfer of artificial intelligence systems for the benefit of society and ,united ,states economic competitiveness4 7d7 ,facility use and upgrades ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 make available high-performance computing infrastructure at national laboratories2 7#b7 make any upgrades necessary to enhance the use of existing computing facilities for artificial intelligence systems1 including upgrades to hardware2 7#c7 establish new computing capabilities necessary to manage data and conduct high performance computing that enables the use of artificial intelligence systems2 and 7#d7 maintain and improve1 as needed1 networking infrastructure1 data input and output mechanisms1 and data analysis1 storage1 and service capabilities4 7e7 ,ethics 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall amend grant proposal instructions to include a requirement for an ethics statement to be included as part of any proposal for funding prior to making the award4 ,such statement shall be considered by the ,secretary in the review of proposals1 taking into consideration any relevant input from the peer-reviewers for the proposal1 and shall factor into award decisions as deemed necessary by the ,secretary4 ,such statements may include1 as appropriate-- 7,a7 the potential societal benefits of the research2 7,b7 any foreseeable or quantifiable risks to society1 including how the research could enable products1 technologies1 or other outcomes that could intentionally or unintentionally cause significant societal harm2 and 7,c7 how technical or social solutions can mitigate such risks and1 as appropriate1 a plan to implement such mitigation measures4 7#b7 ,guidance ,the ,secretary shall issue clear guidance on what constitutes risks as described in section 7#a77;,b71 and to the extent practical harmonize this policy with existing ethical policies or related requirements for human subjects4 7#c7 ,annual reports ,the ,secretary shall encourage awardees to update their ethics statements as appropriate as part of the annual reports required by all awardees under the grant terms and conditions4 7f7 ,risk management ,the ,secretary shall review agency policies for risk management in artificial intelligence related projects and issue as necessary policies and principles that are consistent with the framework developed under section #cja7;b74 7g7 ,data privacy and sharing ,the ,secretary shall review agency policies for data sharing with other public and private sector organizations and issue as necessary policies and principles that are consistent with the standards and guidelines submitted under section #cja7;c74 ,in addition1 the ,secretary shall establish a streamlined mechanism for approving research projects or partnerships that require sharing sensitive public or private data with the ,department4 7h7 ,partnerships with other ,federal agencies ,the ,secretary may request1 accept1 and provide funds from other ,federal departments and agencies1 ,state1 ,united ,states territory1 local1 or ,tribal government agencies1 private sector for-profit entities1 and nonprofit entities1 to be available to the extent provided by appropriations ,acts1 to support a research project or partnership carried out under this section4 ,the ,secretary may not give any special consideration to any agency or entity in return for a donation4 7i7 ,stakeholder engagement ,in carrying out the activities authorized in this section1 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 collaborate with a range of stakeholders including small businesses1 institutes of higher education1 industry1 and the ,national ,laboratories2 7#b7 leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing artificial intelligence and machine learning research2 and 7#c7 engage with other ,federal agencies1 research communities1 and potential users of information produced under this section4 7j7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,department to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #bjj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#b7 #bad1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#c7 #bbh1ihj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#d7 #bde1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 and 7#e7 #bfb1afj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 7k7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,energy4 7#b7 ,department ,the term ,department means the ,department of ,energy4 7#c7 ,national laboratory ,the term national laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74 7#d7 ,eligible entities ,the term eligible entities means-- 7,a7 an institution of higher education2 7,b7 a ,national ,laboratory2 7,c7 a ,federal research agency2 7,d7 a ,state research agency2 7,e7 a nonprofit research organization2 7,f7 a private sector entity2 or 7,g7 a consortium of #b or more entities described in subparagraph 7,a7 through 7,f74