,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #ehhj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #ab1         
#bjbj,ms4 ,om> introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign  
,affairs1 & 9 addition to ! ,committees 
on ! ,judici>y1 ,intellig5ce 7,p]man5t  
,select71 & ,homel& ,security1 = a p]iod
 to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1
 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su*        
provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! 
committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to       
provide = ! imposition ( sanctions )    
respect to =eign c\ntries t are 9       
violation ( int]national human rights   
law or int]national humanit>ian law1 & =
 o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is    
,act may be cit$ z ! ,/op ,arm+ ,human  
,rights ,abus]s ,act4  ,i ,sanctions )  
respect to =eign c\ntries t are 9       
violation ( int]national human rights   
law or int]national humanit>ian law     
#aja4 ,det]m9ation ( violations (       
int]national human rights law or        
int]national humanit>ian law  7a7 ,9    

g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all impose !        
sanctions describ$ 9 section #ajb )     
respect to ! gov]nm5t ( a =eign c\ntry  
if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t su* gov]nm5t  
has committ$ any ( ! acts describ$ 9    
subsection 7b71 7c71 or 7d74  7b7       
,g5ocide ,any acts committ$ ) int5t to  
de/roy1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 a national1     
e?nical1 racial1 or religi\s gr\p1      
includ+ ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,kill+ memb]s ( !
 gr\p4  7#b7 ,caus+ s]i\s bodily or     
m5tal h>m to memb]s ( ! gr\p4  7#c7     
,delib]ately inflict+ on ! gr\p         
conditions ( life calculat$ to br+ ab\t 
its physical de/ruction 9 :ole or 9 "p4 
7#d7 ,impos+ measures int5d$ to prev5t  
bir?s )9 ! gr\p4  7#e7 ,=cibly transf]r+
 *ildr5 ( ! gr\p to ano!r gr\p4  7c7    
,crimes aga9/ humanity  7#a7 ,9 g5]al   
,any ( ! foll[+ acts :5 committ$ z "p ( 
a widespread or sy/ematic attack direct$
 aga9/ any civilian population3 7,a7    
,murd]4  7,b7 ,ext]m9ation4  7,c7       
,enslavem5t1 includ+ sexual slav]y4     
7,d7 ,deportation or =cible transf] (   

population4  7,e7 ,imprisonm5t or o!r   
sev]e deprivation ( physical lib]ty 9   
violation ( fundam5tal rules (          
int]national law4  7,f7 ,torture4  7,g7 
,rape1 en=c$ pro/itution1 =c$ pregnancy1
 en=c$ /]ilization1 or any o!r =m (     
sexual viol5ce ( comp>able gravity4     
7,h7 ,p]secution aga9/ any id5tifiable  
gr\p or collectivity on political1      
racial1 national1 e?nic1 cultural1      
religi\s1 g5d]1 language1 social orig91 
age1 disability1 heal?1 sexual          
ori5tation1 g5d] id5tity1 sex           
*>act]i/ics1 indig5\s1 refugee1         
/atelessness1 or migration /atus1 or o!r
 gr\nds t are recogniz$ z imp]missible  
"u int]national law4  7,i7 ,en=c$       
disappe>ance ( p]sons4  7,j7 ,! crime ( 
ap>!id4  7,k7 ,o!r inhumane acts ( a    
simil> "* int5tionally caus+ great      
suff]+1 or s]i\s injury to body or to   
m5tal or physical heal?1 includ+ !      
excessive use ( anti-riot mat]ials      
includ+ te> gas1 rubb] bullets1 s\nd    
cannons1 & o!r nonle?al mat]ials to     

disp]se nonviol5t prote/s4  7#b7        
,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection-- 7,a7 !  
t]m attack direct$ aga9/ any civilian   
population means a c\rse ( conduct      
involv+ ! multiple commission ( acts    
ref]r$ to 9 ?is subsection aga9/ any    
civilian population1 pursuant to or 9   
fur!rance ( a /ate or organizational    
policy to commit su* attack2  7,b7 ! t]m
 ext]m9ation includes ! int5tional      
infliction ( conditions ( life1 int]    
alia ! deprivation ( access to food &   
m$ic9e1 calculat$ to br+ ab\t !         
de/ruction ( "p ( a population2  7,c7 ! 
t]m enslavem5t includes-- 7i7 slav]y1   
:i* means ! ex]cise ( any or all ( !    
p[]s atta*+ to ! "r ( own]%ip ov] a     
p]son includ+ b n limit$ to ! ex]cise ( 
p[]s ( own]%ip ov] sexual autonomy or   
integrity2  7ii7 ! slave trade1 :i*     
means all acts involv$ 9 ! capture1     
acquisition or disposal ( a p]son )     
int5t to r$uce ! p]son to slav]y2  7iii7
 all acts involv$ 9 ! acquisition ( a   
slave ) a view to sell+ or ex*ang+ !    

slave2  7iv7 all acts ( disposal by sale
 or ex*ange ( a slave acquir$ ) a view  
to be+ sold or ex*ang$2 &  7v7 9 g5]al1 
e act ( trade or transport 9 slaves2    
7,d7 ! t]m deportation or =cible transf]
 ( population means =c$ displacem5t ( ! 
p]sons conc]n$ by expulsion or o!r      
co]cive acts f ! area 9 :i* !y are      
lawfully pres5t1 )\t gr\nds p]mitt$ "u  
int]national law2  7,e7 ! t]m torture-- 
7i7 means ! int5tional infliction (     
sev]e pa9 or suff]+1 :e!r physical or   
m5tal1 = su* purposes z obta9+ in=mation
 or a confession1 puni%m5t1 intimidation
 or co]cion or = any reason bas$ on     
discrim9ation ( any k9d2 b  7ii7 does n 
mean pa9 or suff]+ aris+ only f1 inh]5t 
9 or incid5tal to1 lawful sanctions2    
7,f7 ! t]m =c$ pregnancy means !        
unlawful conf9em5t ( a p]son =cibly made
 pregnant1 ) ! int5t ( affect+ ! e?nic  
composition ( any population or c>ry+   
out o!r grave violations ( int]national 
law2  7,g7 ! t]m p]secution means !     
int5tional & sev]e deprivation (        

fundam5tal rights contr>y to            
int]national law by reason ( ! id5tity (
 ! gr\p or collectivity2  7,h7 ! t]m    
crime ( ap>!id means an in/itutionaliz$ 
regime ( sy/ematic oppression &         
dom9ation by "o racial1 e?nic1 or       
religi\s gr\p ov] any o!r racial1 e?nic1
 or religi\s gr\p or gr\ps & committ$ ) 
! int5tion ( ma9ta9+ t regime2 &  7,i7 !
 t]m en=c$ disappe>ance ( p]sons means !
 arre/1 det5tion1 or abduction ( p]sons 
by1 or ) ! au?orization1 support1 or    
acquiesc5ce (1 a /ate or a political    
organization1 foll[$ by a refusal to    
ackn[l$ge t deprivation ( fre$om or to  
give in=mation on ! fate or :]eab\ts (  
^? p]sons1 ) ! int5tion ( remov+ !m f ! 
protection ( ! law = a prolong$ p]iod ( 
"t4  7d7 ,w> crimes ,any ( ! foll[+ acts
 aga9/ p]sons or prop]ty 9 an arm$      
conflict1 :e!r ! conflict is ( an       
int]national or int]nal "*3 7#a7        
,willful kill+4  7#b7 ,torture or       
inhumane treatm5t1 includ+ biological   
exp]im5ts4  7#c7 ,willfully caus+ great 

suff]+1 or s]i\s injury to body or      
heal?4  7#d7 ,ext5sive de/ruction &     
appropriation ( prop]ty1 n ju/ifi$ by   
milit>y necessity & c>ri$ out unlawfully
 & wantonly4  7#e7 ,compell+ a prison] (
 w> or o!r deta9ee to s]ve 9 ! =ces ( a 
ho/ile p[]4  7#f7 ,willfully depriv+ a  
prison] ( w> or o!r deta9ee ( ! rights (
 fair & regul> trial4  7#g7 ,unlawful   
deportation or transf] or unlawful      
conf9em5t4  7#h7 ,tak+ ( ho/ages4  7#i7 
,int5tionally direct+ attacks aga9/ !   
civilian population z su* or aga9/      
individual civilians n tak+ direct "p 9 
ho/ilities4  7#aj7 ,int5tionally direct+
 attacks aga9/ civilian objectives1 t   
is1 objectives :i* are n milit>y        
objectives4  7#aa7 ,int5tionally direct+
 attacks aga9/ p]sonnel1 in/allations1  
mat]ial1 units1 or vehicles involv$ 9 a 
humanit>ian assi/ance or peacekeep+     
mission 9 accordance ) ! ,*>t] ( !      
,unit$ ,nations4  7#ab7 ,int5tionally   
laun*+ an attack 9 ! k t su* attack w   
cause incid5tal loss ( life or injury to

 civilians or damage to civilian        
objects1 or widespread1 long-t]m1 &     
sev]e damage to ! natural environm5t :i*
 w\ld be cle>ly excessive 9 relation to 
! concrete & direct ov]all milit>y      
advantage anticipat$4  7#ac7 ,attack+ or
 bomb>d+1 by :atev] means1 t[ns1        
villages1 dwell+s1 or build+s :i* are   
undef5d$ & :i* are n milit>y objectives4
  7#ad7 ,kill+ or w\nd+ a combatant :o1 
hav+ laid d[n 8 arms or hav+ no long]   
means ( def5se1 has surr5d]$ at         
discretion4  7#ae7 ,mak+ improp] use ( a
 flag ( truce1 ( ! flag or ( ! milit>y  
insignia & uni=m ( ! enemy or ( ! ,unit$
 ,nations1 z well z ( ! di/9ctive       
emblems ( ! ,g5eva ,conv5tions1 result+ 
9 dea? or s]i\s p]sonal injury4  7#af7  
,! transf]1 directly or indirectly1 by  
an occupy+ p[] ( p>ts ( its own civilian
 population into ! t]ritory x occupies1 
or ! deportation or transf] ( all or    
p>ts ( ! population ( ! occupi$ t]ritory
 )9 or outside ?is t]ritory4  7#ag7     
,int5tionally direct+ attacks aga9/     

build+s d$icat$ to religion1 education1 
art1 sci5ce or *>itable purposes1       
hi/oric monum5ts1 hospitals1 & places   
:]e ! sick & w\nd$ are collect$4  7#ah7 
,subject+ p]sons :o are 9 ! p[] ( an    
adv]se p>ty to physical mutilation or to
 m$ical or sci5tific exp]im5ts ( any k9d
 :i* are nei!r ju/ifi$ by ! m$ical1     
d5tal1 or hospital treatm5t ( ! p]son   
conc]n$ nor c>ri$ out 9 8 or h] int]e/1 
& :i* cause dea? to or s]i\sly endang] !
 heal? ( su* p]son or p]sons4  7#ai7    
,kill+ or w\nd+ trea*]\sly individuals  
belong+ to ! ho/ile nation or army4     
7#bj7 ,decl>+ t no qu>t] w be giv54     
7#ba7 ,de/roy+ or seiz+ ! enemy's       
prop]ty unless su* de/ruction or seizure
 be imp]atively dem&$ by ! necessities (
 w>4  7#bb7 ,decl>+ aboli%$1 susp5d$1 or
 inadmissible 9 a c\rt ( law ! rights & 
actions ( ! nationals ( ! ho/ile p>ty4  
7#bc7 ,compell+ ! nationals ( ! ho/ile  
p>ty to take "p 9 ! op]ations ( w>      
direct$ aga9/ _! own c\ntry1 ev5 if !y 7
 9 ! bellig]5t's s]vice be=e !          

comm5cem5t ( ! w>4  7#bd7 ,pillag+ a t[n
 or place4  7#be7 ,employ+ poison or    
poison$ weapons4  7#bf7 ,employ+        
asphyxiat+1 poison\s1 or o!r gases1 &   
all analog\s liquids1 mat]ials1 or      
devices4  7#bg7 ,employ+ bullets :i*    
exp& or flatt5 easily 9 ! human body1   
su* z bullets ) a h>d envelope :i* does 
n entirely cov] ! core or is pi]c$ )    
incisions4  7#bh7 ,employ+ weapons1     
projectiles1 & mat]ial & me?ods ( w>f>e 
:i* are ( a nature to cause sup]flu\s   
injury or unnecess>y suff]+ or :i* are  
inh]5tly indiscrim9ate 9 violation ( !  
int]national law ( arm$ conflict4  7#bi7
 ,committ+ outrages ^u p]sonal dignity1 
9 p>ticul> humiliat+ & degrad+ treatm5t4
  7#cj7 ,committ+ rape1 en=c$           
pro/itution1 =c$ pregnancy1 z def9$ 9   
subsection 7c71 en=c$ /]ilization1 or   
any o!r =m ( sexual viol5ce also        
con/itut+ a grave brea* ( ! ,g5eva      
,conv5tions4  7#ca7 ,committ+ slav]y or 
! slave trade 9 all _! =ms4  7#cb7      
,utiliz+ ! pres5ce ( a civilian or o!r  

protect$ p]son to r5d] c]ta9 po9ts1     
areas1 or milit>y =ces immune f milit>y 
op]ations4  7#cc7 ,int5tionally direct+ 
attacks aga9/ build+s1 mat]ial1 m$ical  
units & transport1 & p]sonnel us+ !     
di/9ctive emblems ( ! ,g5eva ,conv5tions
 9 con=mity ) int]national law4  7#cd7  
,int5tionally us+ />vation ( civilians z
 a me?od ( w>f>e by depriv+ !m ( objects
 indisp5sable to _! survival4  7#ce7    
,willfully imp$+ relief supplies z      
provid$ = "u ! ,g5eva ,conv5tions4      
7#cf7 ,conscript+ or enli/+ *ildr5 "u ! 
age ( #ah into ! national arm$ =ces or  
us+ !m to p>ticipate actively 9         
ho/ilities4  #ajb4 ,description (       
sanctions  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! sanctions to 
be impos$ ) respect to ! gov]nm5t ( a   
=eign c\ntry "u section #aja are !      
sanctions describ$ 9 subsections 7b71   
7c71 7d71 & 7e74  7b7 ,prohibition on   
security assi/ance  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!    
,presid5t may n-- 7,a7 provide any      
,unit$ ,/ates security assi/ance1       
intellig5ce1 tra9+1 equipm5t1 or s]vices

 relat+ to ma9t5ance1 te/+1 or te*nical 
data1 to ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign c\ntry or 
any ag5t or in/rum5tality ( su*         
gov]nm5t2 or  7,b7 engage 9 any def5se  
coop]ation ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign c\ntry
 or any ag5t or in/rum5tality ( su*     
gov]nm5t4  7#b7 ,exception ,!           
prohibition "u ?is subsection %all n    
apply ) respect to activities ( !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se relat+ to !         
protection ( ,unit$ ,/ates diplomatic & 
consul> po/s or p]sonnel or to !        
evacuation ( ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s4  7c7
 ,prohibition on arms sales ,! ,presid5t
 may n sell1 transf]1 deliv]1 lic5se =  
export1 au?orize ! p]=mance ( any s]vice
 relat+ to1 or o!rwise make available   
any def5se article1 def5se s]vice1 or   
design & con/ruction s]vice1 z su* t]ms 
are def9$ = purposes ( ! ,arms ,export  
,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bgea et   
seq471 to ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign c\ntry or
 any ag5t or in/rum5tality ( su*        
gov]nm5t4  7d7 ,prohibition on comm]cial
 export ( arms sales ,! ,presid5t %all  

prohibit ! issuance ( lic5ses to export 
def5se articles1 def5se s]vices1 &      
munitions items1 z su* t]ms are def9$ = 
purposes ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act
 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bgea et seq471 to !    
gov]nm5t ( ! =eign c\ntry or any ag5t or
 in/rum5tality ( su* gov]nm5t4  7e7     
,prohibition on law en=cem5t ex*anges   
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no ,f$]al law en=cem5t   
ag5cy1 includ+ any compon5t ( !         
intellig5ce community or ! ,dep>tm5t (  
,homel& ,security 7includ+ !            
,transportation ,security ,adm9i/ration1
 ,u4,s4 ,immigration & ,cu/oms          
,en=cem5t1 or ! ,bord] ,patrol71 & no   
,/ate or local law en=cem5t ag5cy may   
engage 9 any ex*ange ) any police1      
milit>y1 or security =ces ( ! =eign     
c\ntry4  7#b7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is        
subsection-- 7,a7 ! t]m ex*ange means   
any tra9+1 or %>+ ( practices or        
te*nologies1 :e!r sponsor$ by a gov]nm5t
 or private entity2 &  7,b7 ! t]m       
intellig5ce community has ! mean+ giv5 !
 t]m 9 section #c ( ! ,national         

,security ,act ( #aidg 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4   
#cjjc74  7#c7 ,rules ( con/ruction ,no?+
 9 ?is subsection %all be con/ru$-- 7,a7
 to re/rict ! fre$om ( movem5t or fre$om
 ( expression ( any individual2 or  7,b7
 to re/rict ! transf] or removal ( any  
prison] z "p ( a ,unit$ ,/ates law      
en=cem5t activity4  7f7 ,duty ,to in=m  
,if sanctions describ$ 9 subsections    
7b71 7c71 7d71 & 7e7 are impos$ )       
respect to a =eign c\ntry "u section    
#aja1 ! ,presid5t-- 7#a7 %all promptly  
in=m ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign c\ntry ( !    
basis = su* action2 &  7#b7 %all1 to !  
maximum ext5t practicable1 assi/ ! =eign
 gov]nm5t 9 tak+ effective measures to  
br+ ! =eign c\ntry into compliance z    
describ$ 9 section #ajc4  #ajc4         
,t]m9ation ,! ,presid5t %all t]m9ate !  
sanctions impos$ "u ?is title ) respect 
to a =eign c\ntry if ! ,presid5t        
c]tifies to ,congress ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! 
=eign c\ntry is no long] committ+ any ( 
! acts describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 7c71  
or 7d7 ( section #aja4  7#b7 ,! =eign   

c\ntry has e/abli%$ tangible measures to
 ensure su* acts are n committ$ 9 !     
future1 includ+ provid+ = ! foll[+      
measures & us+1 :]e appropriate1 a      
trauma-in=m$1 survivor-c5t]$ approa*3   
7,a7 ,crim9al prosecutions ( p]petrators
 & intellectual au?ors ) int]nationally 
recogniz$ due process /&>ds4  7,b7      
,rep>ations to victims1 :i* may include 
monet>y rep>ations1 symbolic rep>ations1
 or o!r recomp5se provid$ ) ! int5t (   
comp5sat+ ! victims1 _! families1 & _!  
communities4  7,c7 ,/ructural1 legal1 & 
in/itutional re=ms4  7,d7 ,tru?-tell+   
me*anisms1 :i* may include ,tru?        
,commissions1 community-bas$ he>+s1     
declassification ( appropriate mat]ials1
 or o!r public release ( v]ifiable      
in=mation relat$ to ! violation4  #ajd4 
,reports requir$  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]  
?an #ae days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( 
?is ,act1 & annually !reaft]1 !         
,presid5t %all submit to ,congress a    
report on ! implem5tation ( ?is title4  
7b7 ,matt]s ,to ,be includ$ ,! report   

requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all include !
 foll[+3 7#a7 ,a li/ ( all =eign        
c\ntries ) respect to :i* ! ,presid5t   
impos$ sanctions "u ?is title1 includ+  
explanations ( ! decision-mak+ process  
to impose su* sanctions4  7#b7 ,a li/ ( 
all =eign c\ntries ) respect to :i*     
sanctions 7 recomm5d$ by ! ,commission1 
& ) respect to :i* sanctions impos$ "u  
?is title h t]m9at$ 9 accordance )      
section #ajc1 includ+ explanations ( !  
decision-mak+ process to t]m9ate su*    
sanctions4  7#c7 ,a li/ ( all =eign     
c\ntries ) respect to :i* ! ,presid5t   
consid]$ t]m9at+1 b did n t]m9ate1      
sanctions "u ?is title 9 accordance )   
section #ajc1 includ+ explanations ( !  
decision-mak+ process n to t]m9ate su*  
sanctions4  #aje4 ,rule ( con/ruction   
,no?+ 9 ?is title may be con/ru$ z      
congressional au?orization = ! use (    
milit>y =ce aga9/ any =eign c\ntry or   
entity4  ,,ii ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission 
on ,atrocity ,acc\ntability & ,human    
,rights  #bja4 ,e/abli%m5t &            

,composition  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re is      
e/abli%$ a commission to be kn[n z !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,commission on ,atrocity  
,acc\ntability & ,human ,rights 79 ?is  
title ref]r$ to z ! ,commission74  7b7  
,memb]%ip  7#a7 ,appo9tm5t ,!           
,commission %all be compos$ ( ! foll[+3 
7,a7 ,! ,ambassador at ,l>ge = ,w>      
,crimes1 :o %all s]ve ex (ficio z a     
nonvot+ memb] ( ! ,commission4  7,b7    
,n9e o!r vot+ memb]s1 :o %all be ,unit$ 
,/ates citiz5s :o are n be+ paid z      
(fic]s or employees ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 & :o %all be appo9t$ z   
foll[s3 7i7 ,two memb]s ( ! ,commission 
%all be appo9t$ by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se (
 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4  7ii7 ,two  
memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be appo9t$  
by ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives4  7iii7 ,two memb]s ( ! 
,commission %all be appo9t$ by !        
majority lead] ( ! ,s5ate4  7iv7 ,two   
memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be appo9t$  
by ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,s5ate4  7v7 ,"o 
memb] ( ! ,commission %all be appo9t$ by

 ! ,presid5t4  7#b7 ,selection  7,a7 ,9 
g5]al ,memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be   
select$ f among di/+ui%$ individuals    
not$ = _! k & exp]i5ce 9 fields relevant
 to ! issue ( human rights1 atrocity    
prev5tion1 global crim9al ju/ice1 &     
int]national humanit>ian law4  7,b7     
,security cle>ances ,ea* memb] ( !      
,commission %all be requir$ to obta9 a  
security cle>ance4  7#c7 ,"t ( appo9tm5t
 ,! appo9tm5ts requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7 
%all be made n lat] ?an #abj days aft] !
 date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7#d7    
,security cle>ances ,! appropriate      
,f$]al ag5cies %all coop]ate ) !        
,commission 9 exp$iti\sly provid+ to    
memb]s ( ! ,commission & /aff           
appropriate security cle>ances to !     
ext5t necess>y & pursuant to exi/+      
proc$ures & requirem5ts4  7c7 ,t]ms     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m ( (fice ( ea* memb]
 ( ! ,commission %all be two ye>s4 ,an  
individual may n s]ve m ?an two t]ms z a
 memb] ( ! ,commission4 ,= any          
individual s]v+ z a memb] ( !           

,commission = two su* t]ms1 su* memb]'s 
t]m %all expire #ij days aft] ! la/ day 
( ! second t]m z a memb] ( !            
,commission4 ,a memb] ( ! ,commission   
may n s]ve aft] ! expiration ( t memb]'s
 t]m4  7#b7 ,ineligibility = reappo9tm5t
 ,if a memb] ( ! ,commission att5ds1 by 
be+ physically pres5t or by conf]5ce    
call1 less ?an #ge p]c5t ( ! meet+s ( ! 
,commission dur+ "o ( t memb]'s t]ms on 
! ,commission1 ! memb] %all n be        
eligible = reappo9tm5t to ! ,commission4
  7d7 ,election ( *air  7#a7 ,9 g5]al   
,at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,commission aft]   
,janu>y #a ( ea* cal5d> ye>1 a majority 
( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission pres5t & vot+
 %all elect ! ,*air ( ! ,commission f   
among ! memb]s ( ! ,commission to s]ve a
 t]m = ! rema9d] ( t cal5d> ye>4  7#b7  
,limitation ,a memb] ( ! ,commission    
elect$ z ,*air ( ! ,commission may s]ve 
m ?an "o t]m z ,*air b any su* t]ms may 
n be consecutive t]ms4  7e7 ,quorum ,six
 vot+ memb]s ( ! ,commission %all       
con/itute a quorum = purposes (         

transact+ bus9ess ( ! ,commission4  7f7 
,meet+s  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ae  
days aft] ! date on :i* aft] ! annual   
,c\ntry ,reports on ,human ,rights      
,practices is submitt$ to ,congress1 or 
z soon z practicable !reaft]1 !         
,commission %all conv5e = purposes (    
transact+ bus9ess ( ! ,commission4  7#b7
 ,o!r meet+s ,! ,commission %all o!rwise
 meet at ! call ( ! ,*air or1 if no     
,*air has be5 elect$ = t cal5d> ye>1 at 
! call ( six vot+ memb]s ( !            
,commission4  7g7 ,vacancies ,any       
vacancy ( ! ,commission %all n affect   
its p[]s1 b %all be fill$ 9 ! mann] 9   
:i* ! orig9al appo9tm5t 0 made4 ,a memb]
 may s]ve aft] ! expiration ( t memb]'s 
t]m until a successor has tak5 (fice4   
,any memb] appo9t$ to fill a vacancy    
occurr+ be=e ! expiration ( ! t]m = :i* 
! memb]'s pr$ecessor 0 appo9t$ %all be  
appo9t$ only = ! rema9d] ( t t]m4  7h7  
,adm9i/rative support ,! ,adm9i/rator ( 
,g5]al ,s]vices %all provide to !       
,commission on a reimbursable basis 7or1

 9 ! discretion ( ! ,adm9i/rator1 on a  
nonreimbursable basis7 su* adm9i/rative 
support s]vices z ! ,commission may     
reque/ to c>ry out ! provisions ( ?is   
title4  7i7 ,fund+  7#a7 ,9 g5]al       
,memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be all[$   
travel exp5ses1 includ+ p] diem 9 lieu (
 subsi/5ce at rates au?oriz$ = employees
 ( ag5cies "u sub*apt] ,i ( *apt] #eg ( 
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 :ile away
 f _! homes or regul> places ( bus9ess 9
 ! p]=mance ( s]vices = ! ,commission4  
7#b7 ,travel requirem5ts ,memb]s ( !    
,commission are subject to ! requirem5ts
 set =? 9 *apt]s #cjj ?r\gh #cjd ( title
 #da1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations       
7commonly kn[n z ! ,f$]al ,travel       
,regulation71 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate     
,/&>diz$ ,regulations gov]n+ au?oriz$   
travel at gov]nm5t exp5se1 includ+      
regulations conc]n+ ! mode ( travel1    
lodg+ & p] diem exp5ditures1            
reimbursem5t paym5ts1 & exp5se report+ &
 docum5tation requirem5ts4  #bjb4       
,duties  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,commission    

%all h z its prim>y responsibility--    
7#a7 review ( facts & circum/ances (    
violations ( int]national human rights  
law & int]national humanit>ian law      
conta9$ 9 ! annual ,c\ntry ,reports on  
,human ,rights ,practices1 includ+ o!r  
relevant s\rces2 &  7#b7 mak+ ( policy  
recomm5dations to ! ,presid5t1 !        
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & ,congress ) respect
 to ! imposition & t]m9ation ( sanctions
 "u title ,i4  7b7 ,monitor+ ,!         
,commission %all1 on an ongo+ basis--   
7#a7 monitor facts & circum/ances (     
violations ( int]national human rights  
law & int]national humanit>ian law1 9   
consultation ) indep5d5t human rights   
gr\ps1 humanit>ian gr\ps1 &             
nongov]nm5tal organizations1 includ+ ^? 
gr\ps & organizations provid+ direct    
s]vices2  7#b7 ga!r human rights        
docum5tation & evid5ce suppli$ by       
community-bas$ human rights monitors2 & 
7#c7 make su* recomm5dations z may be   
necess>y to ! appropriate (ficials &    
(fices 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4     

#bjc4 ,p[]s  7a7 ,he>+s & sessions  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,! ,commission may1 = !       
purpose ( c>ry+ out its duties "u ?is   
title1 hold he>+s1 sit & act at times & 
places 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 take te/imony1
 & receive evid5ce z ! ,commission      
consid]s advisable to c>ry out !        
purposes ( ?is title4  7#b7 ,classifi$  
he>+s ,! ,commission may hold he>+s 9   
classifi$ sett+s4 ,if ! ,commission     
holds a he>+ 9 a classifi$ sett+1 !     
,commission %all publi% a summ>y ( !    
he>+ & ! summ>y available to ! public4  
7b7 ,in=mation f f$]al ag5cies  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,! ,commission may secure directly
 f any ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy su*     
in=mation z ! ,commission consid]s      
necess>y to c>ry out ?is title4 ,^u     
reque/ ( ! ,*air ( ! ,commission1 ! head
 ( su* dep>tm5t or ag5cy %all furni% su*
 in=mation exp$iti\sly to ! ,commission1
 subject to applicable law4 ,su*        
in=mation may be provid$ 9 classifi$ =m1
 or ) a classifi$ annex4  7#b7          
,notification ,if a ,f$]al ag5cy does n 

furni% in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraph    
7#a7 exp$iti\sly to ! ,commission1 !    
,*air ( ! ,commission %all notify !     
committees ( ,congress ( jurisdiction & 
appropriate inve/igative au?orities4    
7c7 ,po/al s]vices ,! ,commission may   
use ! ,unit$ ,/ates mails 9 ! same mann]
 & "u ! same conditions z o!r ,f$]al    
dep>tm5ts & ag5cies4  7d7 ,adm9i/rative 
proc$ures ,! ,commission may adopt su*  
rules & regulations1 relat+ to          
adm9i/rative proc$ure1 z may be         
reasonably necess>y to enable x to c>ry 
out ! provisions ( ?is title4  7e7      
,views ( ! commission ,! memb]s ( !     
,commission may speak 9 _! capacity z   
private citiz5s4 ,/atem5ts on behalf ( !
 ,commission %all be issu$ 9 writ+ ov] !
 names ( ! memb]s4 ,! ,commission %all 9
 its writt5 /atem5ts cle>ly describe its
 /atutory au?ority1 di/+ui%+ t au?ority 
f t ( appo9t$ or elect$ (ficials ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,oral /atem5ts1
 :]e practicable1 %all include a simil> 
description4  7f7 ,travel  7#a7 ,9 g5]al

 ,memb]s ( ! ,commission may1 ) !       
approval ( ! ,commission1 conduct su*   
travel z is necess>y to c>ry out !      
purpose ( ?is title4  7#b7 ,approval    
,ea* trip ( a memb] ( ! ,commission1 o!r
 ?an ! memb] describ$ 9 section         
#bja7;b77#a77;,a71 %all be approv$ by a 
majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission4    
#bjd4 ,matt]s relat+ to p]sonnel  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,! ,commission may1 )\t reg>d to 
! civil s]vice laws & regulations1      
appo9t & t]m9ate an ,executive ,director
 & su* o!r additional p]sonnel z may be 
necess>y to enable ! ,commission to p]=m
 its duties4 ,! decision to employ or   
t]m9ate an ,executive ,director %all be 
made by an affirmative vote ( at lea/   
six ( ! n9e vot+ memb]s ( ! ,commission4
  7b7 ,comp5sation ,! ,commission may   
fix ! comp5sation ( ! ,executive        
,director & o!r p]sonnel )\t reg>d to ! 
provisions ( *apt] #ea & sub*apt] ,,iii 
( *apt] #ec ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
,code1 relat+ to classification (       
positions & ,g5]al ,s*$ule pay rates1   

except t ! rate ( pay = ! ,executive    
,director & o!r p]sonnel may n exce$ !  
rate payable = level ,v ( ! ,executive  
,s*$ule "u section #ecaf ( su* title4   
7c7 ,pr(essional /aff ,! ,commission & !
 ,executive ,director %all hire         
,commission /aff on ! basis (           
pr(essional & nonp>tisan qualifications4
 ,memb]s ( ! ,commission may n          
individually hire /aff ( ! ,commission4 
,/aff %all s]ve ! ,commission z a :ole &
 may n be assign$ to ! p>ticul> s]vice (
 a s+le memb] ( ! ,commission or a      
specifi$ gr\p ( su* memb]s4 ,?is        
subsection does n prohibit /aff p]sonnel
 f assi/+ individual memb]s ( !         
,commission ) p>ticul> ne$s relat$ to _!
 duties4  7d7 ,/aff & s]vices ( o!r     
f$]al ag5cies  7#a7 ,dep>tm5t ( /ate ,! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate %all assi/ !          
,commission by provid+ on a reimbursable
 or nonreimbursable basis to !          
,commission su* /aff & adm9i/rative     
s]vices z may be necess>y & appropriate 
to p]=m its functions4  7#b7 ,o!r f$]al 

ag5cies ,^u ! reque/ ( ! ,commission1 ! 
head ( any ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy may 
detail1 on a reimbursable or            
nonreimbursable basis1 any ( ! p]sonnel 
( t dep>tm5t or ag5cy to ! ,commission  
to assi/ x 9 c>ry+ out its functions "u 
?is title4 ,! detail ( any su* p]sonnel 
%all be )\t int]ruption or loss ( civil 
s]vice or ,=eign ,s]vice /atus or       
privilege4  7e7 ,security cle>ances ,!  
,executive ,director %all be requir$ to 
obta9 a security cle>ance4 ,! ,executive
 ,director may reque/1 on a ne$s-only   
basis & 9 ord] to p]=m ! duties ( !     
,commission1 t o!r p]sonnel ( !         
,commission be requir$ to obta9 a       
security cle>ance4 ,! level ( cle>ance  
%all be ! l[e/ necess>y to appropriately
 p]=m ! duties ( ! ,commission4  7f7    
,co/ ,! ,commission %all reimburse all  
appropriate ,f$]al ag5cies = ! co/ (    
obta9+ cle>ances = memb]s ( !           
,commission1 = ! ,executive ,director1 &
 = any o!r p]sonnel4  7g7 ,application (
 antidiscrim9ation laws ,= purposes (   

provid+ rem$ies & proc$ures to address  
alleg$ violations ( rights & protections
 t p]ta9 to employm5t discrim9ation1    
family & m$ical leave1 fair labor /&>ds1
 employee polygraph protection1 work]   
adju/m5t & retra9+1 vet]ans' employm5t &
 reemploym5t1 intimidation or reprisal1 
protections "u ! ,am]icans )            
,disabilities ,act ( #aiij 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #abaja et seq471 occupational 
safety & heal?1 labor-managem5t         
relations1 & rights & protections t     
apply to employees ^: pay is disburs$ by
 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,s5ate or ! ,*ief      
,adm9i/rative ,(fic] ( ! ,h\se (        
,repres5tatives1 all employees ( !      
,commission %all be treat$ z employees  
^: pay is disburs$ by ! ,secret>y ( !   
,s5ate or ! ,*ief ,adm9i/rative ,(fic] (
 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 z ! case may
 be1 & ! ,commission %all be treat$ z an
 employ+ (fice ( ! ,s5ate or ! ,h\se (  
,repres5tatives4  #bje4 ,report  7a7 ,9 
g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,decemb] #ca ( ea*    
cal5d> ye>1 ! ,commission %all submit to

 ! ,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 &    
,congress a report t conta9s1 ) respect 
to su* cal5d> ye>-- 7#a7 its policy     
recomm5dations describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 
( section #bjb7;a7 bas$ on its review "u
 p>agraph 7#a7 ( su* section1 includ+-- 
7,a7 a public summ>y ( recomm5dations & 
li/ ( ! c\ntries ) respect to :i* !     
,commission recomm5ds impos+ or t]m9at+ 
sanctions "u title ,i2 &  7,b7 a        
rationale = impos+ or t]m9at+ su*       
sanctions2 &  7#b7 its monitor+         
activities "u section #bjb7;b71 includ+ 
a li/ ( its s\rces1 a li/ (             
organizations & individuals consult$1 & 
a summ>y ( its f9d+s4  7b7 ,=m ,! report
 requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all be      
submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 b may conta9 
a classifi$ annex4  7c7 ,individual or  
diss5t+ views ,ea* memb] ( ! ,commission
 may include ! individual or diss5t+    
views ( ! memb]4  7d7 ,rule (           
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section may be  
con/ru$ to preclude ! ,commission f     
issu+ additional reports &              

recomm5dations to address urg5t         
situations4  #bjf4 ,applicability ( ,o!r
 ,laws ,! ,f$]al ,advisory ,committee   
,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app47 %all n apply  
to ! ,commission4  #bjg4 ,/&>ds (       
,conduct & ,disclosure  7a7 ,coop]ation 
) nongov]nm5tal organizations1 !        
dep>tm5t ( /ate1 & congress ,!          
,commission %all1 9 ! p]=mance ( its    
duties "u ?is title1 seek to effectively
 & freely coop]ate ) all gov]nm5tal &   
nongov]nm5tal entities engag$ 9 !       
promotion ( human rights & religi\s     
fre$om abroad4  7b7 ,conflict ( int]e/ &
 ant9epotism  7#a7 ,memb] affiliations  
,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#c71 9    
ord] to ensure ! indep5d5ce & integrity 
( ! ,commission1 ! ,commission may n    
comp5sate any nongov]nm5tal ag5cy1      
project1 or p]son relat$ to or affiliat$
 ) any memb] ( ! ,commission1 :e!r 9 t  
memb]'s direct employ or n4 ,/aff       
employ$ by ! ,commission may n s]ve 9 ! 
employ ( any nongov]nm5tal ag5cy1       
project1 or p]son relat$ to or affiliat$

 ) any memb] ( ! ,commission :ile       
employ$ by ! ,commission4  7#b7 ,/aff   
comp5sation ,/aff ( ! ,commission may n 
receive comp5sation f any o!r s\rce = "w
 p]=m$ 9 c>ry+ out ! duties ( !         
,commission :ile employ$ by !           
,commission4  7#c7 ,exception  7,a7 ,9  
g5]al ,subject to subp>agraph 7,b71     
p>agraph 7#a7 %all n apply to paym5ts   
made = items su* z conf]5ce fees or !   
pur*ase ( p]iodicals or o!r simil>      
exp5ses1 if su* paym5ts w\ld n cause !  
aggregate value paid to any ag5cy1      
project1 or p]son = a fiscal ye> to     
exce$ #bej4  7,b7 ,limitation ,not)/&+  
subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,commission %all n  
give special pref]5ce to any ag5cy1     
project1 or p]son relat$ to or affiliat$
 ) any memb] ( ! ,commission4  7#d7     
,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m    
affiliat$ means ! relation%ip betwe5 a  
memb] ( ! ,commission &-- 7,a7 an       
individual :o holds ! position ( (fic]1 
tru/ee1 p>tn]1 director1 or employee (  
an ag5cy1 project1 or p]son ( :i* t     

memb]1 or relative ( t memb]1 ( !       
,commission is an (fic]1 tru/ee1 p>tn]1 
director1 or employee2 or  7,b7 a       
nongov]nm5tal ag5cy or project ( :i* t  
memb]1 or a relative ( t memb]1 ( !     
,commission is an (fic]1 tru/ee1 p>tn]1 
director1 or employee4  7c7 ,contract   
au?ority ,subject to ! availability (   
appropriations1 ! ,commission may       
contract ) & comp5sate ,f$]al ag5cies or
 p]sons = ! conduct ( activities        
necess>y to ! dis*>ge ( its duties "u   
?is title4 ,any su* p]son %all be hir$  
)\t int]ruption or loss ( civil s]vice  
or ,=eign ,s]vice /atus or privilege4   
7d7 ,gifts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ord] to    
pres]ve its indep5d5ce1 ! ,commission   
may n accept1 use1 or dispose ( gifts or
 donations ( s]vices or prop]ty4 ,an    
individual ,commission] or employee ( ! 
,commission may n1 9 8 or h] capacity z 
a ,commission] or employee1 kn[+ly      
accept1 use1 or dispose ( gifts or      
donations ( s]vices or prop]ty1 unless  
he or %e 9 good fai? believes su* gifts 

or donations to h a value ( less ?an #ej
 & a cumulative value dur+ a cal5d> ye> 
( less ?an #ajj4  7#b7 ,exceptions ,?is 
subsection %all n apply to ! foll[+3    
7,a7 ,gifts provid$ on ! basis ( a      
p]sonal fri5d%ip ) a ,commission] or    
employee1 unless ! ,commission] or      
employee has reason to believe t ! gift 
0 provid$ because ( ! ,commission]'s    
position & n because ( ! p]sonal        
fri5d%ip4  7,b7 ,gifts provid$ on !     
basis ( a family relation%ip4  7,c7 ,!  
acceptance ( tra9+1 invitations to att5d
 or p>ticipate 9 conf]5ces1 or su* o!r  
ev5ts z are relat$ to ! conduct ( !     
duties ( ! ,commission1 or food or      
refre%m5t associat$ ) su* activities4   
7,d7 ,items ( nom9al value or gifts (   
e/imat$ value ( #aj or less4  7,e7      
,gifts provid$ by a =eign lead] or /ate 
:i* w\ld create (f5se or emb>rassm5t to 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t if refus$1    
%all be accept$ & turn$ ov] to ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ,gov]nm5t 9 accordance ) ! ,=eign
 ,gifts & ,decorations ,act ( #aiff4    

7,f7 ,in=mational mat]ials su* z        
docum5ts1 books1 videotapes1 p]iodicals1
 or o!r =ms ( communications4  7,g7     
,goods or s]vices provid$ by any ag5cy  
or compon5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 includ+ any commission e/abli%$ 
"u ! au?ority ( su* ,gov]nm5t4  7e7     
,annual f9ancial report ,9 addition to  
provid+ ! reports requir$ "u section    
#bje1 ! ,commission %all1 n lat] ?an    
,janu>y #a ( ea* ye>1 submit to !       
,committees on ,=eign ,affairs & !      
,committee on ,appropriations ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives & to ! ,committees on 
,=eign ,relations & ! ,committee on     
,appropriations ( ! ,s5ate a f9ancial   
report detail+ & id5tify+ ! exp5ditures 
( ! ,commission = ! prec$+ fiscal ye>4