,i #aafth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #efff ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,january #bd1 #bjbj,ms4 ,kendra ,s4 ,horn of ,oklahoma 7for herself1 ,mr4 ,babin1 ,ms4 ,johnson of ,texas1 and ,mr4 ,lucas7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology ,a ,,bill ,to authorize the programs of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjbj4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents of this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4 ,sec4 #b4 ,findings4 ,sec4 #c4 ,definitions4 ,title ,i--,authorization of ,appropriations ,sec4 #aja4 ,fiscal year #bjbj4 ,title ,,ii--,human ,space ,exploration and ,operations ,subtitle ,a--,moon to ,mars ,program ,sec4 #bja4 ,sustainable human exploration program4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,goals and objectives4 ,sec4 #bjc4 ,structure of ,moon to ,mars ,program4 ,sec4 #bjd4 ,reporting and briefings4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,critical enabling capabilities4 ,sec4 #bjf4 ,noncritical path activities4 ,sec4 #bjg4 ,core exploration capabilities4 ,sec4 #bjh4 ,reviews and assessments4 ,subtitle ,b--,international ,space ,station ,sec4 #bba4 ,extension and post-,,iss support4 ,sec4 #bbb4 ,priorities for ,,iss utilization4 ,sec4 #bbc4 ,assured crew access to the ,international ,space ,station4 ,sec4 #bbd4 ,international ,space ,station ,deorbit ,capability and ,plan4 ,sec4 #bbe4 ,replacement ,extravehicular ,mobility ,units4 ,sec4 #bbf4 ,low ,earth orbit development4 ,title ,,iii--,science ,sec4 #cja4 ,importance of a balanced science program4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,review of implementation of quality assurance program and parts policy in science mission development4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,independent external technical1 management1 and cost reviews4 ,sec4 #cjd4 ,small satellites4 ,sec4 #cje4 ,options for small satellite and payload access to the near-space and space environment4 ,sec4 #cjf4 ,study on space life and physical sciences research and applications placement4 ,sec4 #cjg4 ,space life and physical sciences research requirements4 ,subtitle ,a--,earth ,science and ,applications ,sec4 #caa4 ,goal4 ,sec4 #cab4 ,applied uses of ,earth science data4 ,sec4 #cac4 ,survey of ,state1 ,tribal1 and territory use of ,,nasa ,earth observation data4 ,sec4 #cad4 ,commercial ,earth observation data4 ,sec4 #cae4 ,plankton1 ,aerosol1 ,cloud1 ocean ,ecosystem mission4 ,sec4 #caf4 ,,clarreo ,pathfinder4 ,subtitle ,b--,astrophysics ,sec4 #cba4 ,wide ,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope4 ,sec4 #cbb4 ,stratospheric ,observatory for ,infrared ,astronomy4 ,sec4 #cbc4 ,research on technosignatures4 ,subtitle ,c--,planetary ,science ,sec4 #cca4 ,mars communications infrastructure4 ,sec4 #ccb4 ,mars sample return strategy and plan4 ,sec4 #ccc4 ,commercial ,lunar ,payload ,services4 ,sec4 #ccd4 ,europa ,clipper launch vehicle4 ,sec4 #cce4 ,dedicated survey mission4 ,sec4 #ccf4 ,near-,earth object and planetary defense roadmap4 ,sec4 #ccg4 ,assessment of requirements for cataloguing and archiving near-,earth object data4 ,sec4 #cch4 ,international confidence and capacity building for near-,earth object impact mitigation4 ,sec4 #cci4 ,close passing near-,earth objects4 ,subtitle ,d--,heliophysics and ,space ,weather ,research ,sec4 #cda4 ,importance of heliophysics research to understanding space weather4 ,sec4 #cdb4 ,space ,weather ,research and ,applications ,program4 ,subtitle ,e--,data ,science and ,management ,sec4 #cfa4 ,data science and management4 ,sec4 #cfb4 ,workshop on data analytics for ,earth science research4 ,title ,,iv--,space ,communications ,sec4 #dja4 ,review of space communications4 ,title ,v--,aeronautics ,sec4 #eja4 ,research effort to advance sustainable aviation4 ,sec4 #ejb4 ,workshop on research and development on noise4 ,sec4 #ejc4 ,aeronautics research and technology roundtable4 ,sec4 #ejd4 ,experimental aircraft demonstrations4 ,sec4 #eje4 ,review of research roadmap on hypersonics4 ,sec4 #ejf4 ,supersonic flight4 ,sec4 #ejg4 ,urban air mobility4 ,sec4 #ejh4 ,aeronautics workforce and modeling and test facilities4 ,sec4 #eji4 ,university leadership initiative4 ,title ,,vi--,space ,technology ,sec4 #fja4 ,space nuclear systems4 ,sec4 #fjb4 ,nuclear thermal propulsion4 ,sec4 #fjc4 ,nuclear surface power4 ,sec4 #fjd4 ,review of flight opportunities program4 ,sec4 #fje4 ,sense of ,congress on optical communications4 ,sec4 #fjf4 ,propulsion testing facilities4 ,sec4 #fjg4 ,in-space satellite servicing and assembly4 ,sec4 #fjh4 ,parachute systems research and development4 ,title ,,vii--,science1 ,technology1 ,engineering1 and ,mathematics ,education ,sec4 #gja4 ,office of ,,stem engagement4 ,sec4 #gjb4 ,independent review of ,space ,grant4 ,title ,,viii--,safety1 ,support1 and ,mission ,services ,sec4 #hja4 ,policy and procedure4 ,sec4 #hjb4 ,monitoring millimeter-sized orbital debris4 ,sec4 #hjc4 ,planetary protection strategic plan4 ,title ,,ix--,construction and ,environmental ,compliance and ,restoration ,sec4 #ija4 ,data collection on cost benefits to the ,administration of use of enhanced-use leasing4 ,sec4 #ijb4 ,report on enhanced-use leasing requirements4 ,sec4 #ijc4 ,report on current and anticipated effects of climate change and extreme weather on agency infrastructure and facilities4 ,title ,x--,general ,provisions ,sec4 #ajja4 ,space situational awareness and orbital debris mitigation4 ,sec4 #ajjb4 ,international framework on active orbital debris removal4 ,sec4 #ajjc4 ,safety and technical risks of active debris removal4 ,sec4 #ajjd4 ,independent program analysis and evaluation office4 ,sec4 #ajje4 ,report on use of the term commercial in ,,nasa activities4 ,sec4 #ajjf4 ,supply chain and supplier base4 ,sec4 #ajjg4 ,use of operational commercial suborbital vehicles for research1 development1 and education4 ,sec4 #ajjh4 ,the space capabilities of the ,people's ,republic of ,china4 ,sec4 #ajji4 ,spectrum interference4 ,sec4 #ajaj4 ,reports to ,congress4 ,sec4 #ajaa4 ,general accountability office report on large-scale programs1 projects1 and activities4 ,sec4 #ajab4 ,,nasa institutes4 ,sec4 #ajac4 ,surveys on the industrial base of the ,united ,states4 ,sec4 #ajad4 ,budgets4 #b4 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,,nasa should remain a multimission agency and continue to carry out1 in partnership with academia1 industry1 and international partners1 a balanced program of science1 aeronautics1 space technology1 human exploration1 and educational activities4 7#b7 ,the ,nation's investments in civil space research1 technology1 and development have and will continue to contribute significantly to the ,nation's innovation capacity and economic strength1 and provide applications and benefits that improve the lives of ,united ,states citizens and society4 7#c7 ,international cooperation and collaboration strengthen the ,nation's science1 aeronautics1 and human exploration programs and unify partner nations in the peaceful uses of outer space4 7#d7 ,,nasa's leadership in aeronautics has contributed greatly to the ,nation's strength in civil and commercial aviation and should remain a priority as innovative technologies and aviation concepts offer the potential to transform the future of aviation and support the ,nation's economic growth4 7#e7 ,,nasa makes essential contributions to our understanding of the global challenge of climate change through its collection of space-based ,earth science data1 research on global1 integrated ,earth system science1 and development of models that advance our understanding of the climate system and the natural and human impacts on it4 7#f7 ,the ,nation's human space exploration goal should be to send humans to the surface of ,mars4 7#g7 ,reducing the risk and demonstrating the capabilities and operations needed to support a human mission to ,mars may require human exploration of the cis-lunar vicinity and lunar surface4 7#h7 ,a constancy of purpose1 including clear and consistent goals and objectives1 is essential for making effective progress on the ,nation's science1 aeronautics1 space technology1 and human exploration programs and for attracting and keeping the ,nation's best1 brightest1 and most capable workforce4 7#i7 ,clearly defined roles1 responsibilities1 and accountability provides transparency in the implementation of the ,nation's civil space goals and objectives4 7#aj7 ,the innovative capabilities of the commercial space industry are essential to the ,nation's science1 aeronautics1 and human space exploration activities1 are an important instrument of technological and economic competitiveness1 and should be leveraged1 as appropriate1 to advance the ,nation's objectives in civil space4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,administration ,the term ,administration has the meaning given the term in section #ajaja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator has the meaning given the term in section #ajaja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#c7 ,cis-lunar space ,the term cis-lunar space means the region of space from the ,earth out to and including the region around the surface of the ,moon4 7#d7 ,deep space ,the term deep space means the region of space beyond low-,earth orbit1 including cis-lunar space4 7#e7 ,,iss ,the term ,,iss means the ,international ,space ,station4 7#f7 ,,nasa ,the term ,,nasa means the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7#g7 ,orion ,the term ,orion has the meaning given the term in section #bjcjb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#h7 ,space launch system ,the term ,space ,launch ,system has the meaning given the term in section #bjcjb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#i7 ,united states government astronaut ,the term ,united ,states government astronaut has the meaning given the term government astronaut in section #ejijb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,i ,authorization of ,appropriations #aja4 ,fiscal year #bjbj ,there are authorized to be appropriated to ,,nasa for fiscal year #bjbj1 #bb1fbi1jjj1jjj as follows3 7#a7 ,for exploration1 #f1jag1fjj1jjj1 of which #a1djf1gjj1jjj shall be for the ,orion multi-purpose ,crew ,vehicle1 #b1ehe1ijj1jjj shall be for the ,space ,launch ,system1 #eij1jjj1jjj shall be for ,exploration ,ground ,systems1 and #a1dce1jjj1jjj shall be for ,exploration ,research and ,development4 7#b7 ,for space operations1 #d1adj1bjj1jjj4 7#c7 ,for science1 #g1ach1ijj1jjj1 of which #a1iga1hjj1jjj shall be for ,earth ,science1 #b1gac1djj1jjj shall be for ,planetary ,science1 #a1cjf1bjj1jjj shall be for ,astrophysics1 #dbc1jjj1jjj shall be for the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope1 and #gbd1ejj1jjj shall be for ,heliophysics4 7#d7 ,for aeronautics1 #ghc1ijj1jjj4 7#e7 ,for space technology1 #a1ajj1jjj1jjj4 7#f7 ,for science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics 7,,stem71 #abj1jjj1jjj1 of which #dh1jjj1jjj shall be for the ,national ,space ,grant ,college and ,fellowship ,program1 #bd1jjj1jjj shall be for the ,established ,program to ,stimulate ,competitive ,research 7,e,p,s,co,r71 #cf1jjj1jjj shall be for the ,minority ,university ,research and ,education ,project 7,,murep71 and #ab1jjj1jjj shall be for ,,stem ,education and ,accountability ,projects 7,,seap74 7#g7 ,for safety1 security1 and mission services1 #b1iac1cjj1jjj4 7#h7 ,for construction and environmental compliance and restoration1 #cgc1djj1jjj4 7#i7 ,for ,inspector ,general1 #da1gjj1jjj4 ,,ii ,human ,space ,exploration and ,operations ,a ,moon to ,mars ,program #bja4 ,sustainable human exploration program ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,nation's human exploration program is an important element of ,united ,states leadership in space exploration1 economic strength1 and national security4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that constancy of purpose and the sustainability of the ,nation's human exploration goals and objectives should be an inherent principle of a long-term1 deep space human exploration program that spans several ,congresses and ,administrations4 #bjb4 ,goals and objectives 7a7 ,in ,general ,the ,administrator is authorized under sections #bjcjb and #gjejd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 and shall carry out plans and programs to achieve sustainable human exploration of deep space for the purpose of sending humans to the surface of ,mars4 7b7 ,establishment ,the goal of ,,nasa's ,moon to ,mars ,program shall be to land humans on ,mars in a sustainable manner as soon as practicable4 ,the ,moon to ,mars ,program shall have the interim goal of sending a crewed mission to the lunar surface by #bjbh and a goal of sending a crewed mission to orbit ,mars by #bjcc4 7c7 ,precursor ,activities ,the ,administrator shall undertake precursor crewed missions to cis-lunar space and the lunar surface for the purpose of risk reduction for human missions to ,mars by developing and testing those systems and operational practices needed for successful crewed ,mars missions4 7d7 ,objectives ,the objectives of the human missions to ,mars shall be to-- 7#a7 validate the capabilities required for sustained human exploration of and operations on the surface of ,mars2 7#b7 pursue scientific investigations1 as recommended by the ,national ,academies1 that are enabled by the human exploration of ,mars2 and 7#c7 develop and maintain the scientific1 technical1 program management1 and human spaceflight operational skills required to support a sustainable deep space exploration program4 #bjc4 ,structure of ,moon to ,mars ,program 7a7 ,moon to ,mars ,program ,office ,the ,administrator shall establish a ,moon to ,mars ,program ,office within #fj days of the enactment of this ,act to lead and manage the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 7b7 ,program ,director ,the ,administrator shall appoint a ,program ,director of the ,office established in subsection 7a7 who shall report to the ,associate ,administrator and the ,associate ,administrator of the ,human ,exploration and ,operations ,mission ,directorate4 7c7 ,responsibilities ,the ,moon to ,mars ,program ,office shall be responsible for developing-- 7#a7 requirements for a human ,mars orbital mission and a human mission to the surface of ,mars2 7#b7 an architecture1 integrated plan1 and overall schedule encompassing the elements of the ,moon to ,mars ,program to carry out a human mission to orbit ,mars by #bjcc4 ,the architecture and plan shall be based on the mission requirements established in paragraph 7#a72 and 7#c7 an integrated1 master plan for the development of required capabilities for the human mission to ,mars4 7d7 ,systems ,engineering and ,integration ,the ,director of the ,moon to ,mars ,program ,office shall appoint a ,systems ,engineering and ,integration ,manager to manage the systems engineering and integration activities of the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 7e7 ,special ,hiring ,authorities ,the ,administrator shall propose to ,congress any special hiring authorities that the ,administrator determines are needed to ensure that personnel with the requisite skills and experience are available to the ,program ,office4 7f7 ,program ,elements ,the ,moon to ,mars ,program shall consist of the following3 7#a7 ,a ,gateway to ,mars in cis-lunar space or at a ,lagrangian point for the purpose of reducing the risks of the capabilities in paragraph 7#c7 and serving as a testbed for the systems and operational techniques needed to transport crews to1 from1 and during operations in ,mars orbit or on the surface of ,mars4 ,the ,gateway to ,mars shall be developed to operate autonomously and to be crew-tended1 as needed1 on an intermittent basis4 ,the ,gateway to ,mars shall be open and available for international participation and use4 7#b7 ,a ,lunar ,precursor ,initiative 7,,lpi7 for the purpose of gaining and demonstrating the operational experience and systems needed to enable crewed transport to and from the surface of ,mars1 as well as for limited operations and habitation on ,mars4 7#c7 ,a ,mars ,enabling ,technology ,initiative 7,,meti7 for the purpose of developing and testing the technologies and capabilities needed for a human missions to ,mars4 ,mars-enabling technologies and capabilities to be demonstrated shall include-- 7,a7 ,mars entry1 descent1 and landing systems2 7,b7 radiation safety2 7,c7 in-space power and propulsion1 including nuclear thermal propulsion2 7,d7 ,mars transport vehicle2 7,e7 planetary ascent propulsion2 7,f7 environmental control and life support systems2 7,g7 ,mars habitats2 7,h7 extravehicular activity suits2 7,i7 in-situ resource utilization of the ,mars atmosphere2 and 7,j7 any other ,mars-enabling technologies and capabilities identified by the ,administrator4 7#d7 ,a ,space ,launch ,system for the purpose of providing heavy-lift capability to carry out the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 ,the ,administrator shall complete development of the ,space ,launch ,system and the ,space ,launch ,system variant enabled by an ,exploration ,upper ,stage1 pursuant to section #cjb of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj4 ,the ,administrator shall take steps to develop the ,block #b variant to provide the full range of launch capability and performance available to the ,united ,states for the ,administration's crewed and robotic exploration of deep space4 ,the ,administrator shall complete the development and testing of the ,exploration ,upper ,stage for the ,space ,launch ,system4 7#e7 ,an ,orion ,crew vehicle for the purpose of crewed spaceflight for the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 7#f7 ,a ,mars ,transport ,vehicle for the purposes of crewed transport to and around ,mars4 ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall initiate pre-formulation activities for a ,mars transport vehicle4 7g7 ,completion ,the ,administrator shall plan to have all required testing completed to enable development and manufacture of an operational crewed ,mars transport vehicle on a schedule consistent with the goal of a crewed mission to orbit ,mars by #bjcc and the architecture1 integrated plan1 and schedule in subsection 7c77#b74 #bjd4 ,reporting and briefings 7a7 ,in ,general ,the ,administrator shall provide regular reports and briefings on the progress and status of the ,moon to ,mars ,program1 and associated activities to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate in accordance with this section4 7#a7 ,reporting with #fj days ,within #fj days of the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall develop a list of the remaining human health risk reduction research tasks that need to be completed to enable crewed missions to ,mars and that require the ,international ,space ,station1 along with a plan for completing all of those tasks within #e years of the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7#b7 ,reporting within #abj days ,within #abj days of the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall develop an overall architecture and plan1 consistent with sections #bjc7;c77#a7 and #bjc7;c77#b71 including-- 7,a7 a list of the minimum set of human and robotic lunar surface activities that must be completed to enable a human mission to ,mars1 including those to be tested on the ,gateway to ,mars1 along with a plan for completing those tasks within five years after the first human lunar landing2 and 7,b7 a list of the capabilities and risk reduction measures listed in section #bjc7;f77#c74 ,for each high-priority technology or capability1 the ,administrator shall develop a plan to include the development milestones1 including activities required to be carried out in cis-lunar space or on the lunar surface1 and an estimated #e-year funding profile required for demonstrating the capability to a level of readiness for use in a ,mars mission within #aj years of the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7#c7 ,reporting within #bgj days ,within #bgj days of the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit-- 7,a7 five-year funding estimates and profiles for the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 ,the budget profiles should include estimated funding requirements and profiles for the program elements in section #bjc7;f71 and related infrastructure1 facilities1 and operations that are consistent with the achievement of a crewed mission to ,mars orbit by #bjcc2 and 7,b7 the ,independent ,program ,analysis and ,evaluation ,office established in section #ajjd shall assess the basis of the five-year budget profiles and shall transmit the results of the assessment to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than six months after the budget profiles have been transmitted to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7b7 ,biannual ,briefings ,the ,administrator shall provide biannual briefings on the status1 progress1 and any challenges identified in maturing and developing the key capabilities specified in section #bjc7;c77#c7 and section #bjc7;f77#c7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the architecture and plans enumerated in section #bjd7;a77#b7 through section #bjd7;a77#c7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate within #ae days after their scheduled completion dates4 #bje4 ,critical enabling capabilities 7a7 ,lunar ,landing ,mission ,architecture ,in order to reduce risk and complexity and make maximum use of taxpayer investments to date1 the ,administrator shall in the conduct of the ,lunar ,precursor ,initiative employ an architecture that utilizes the ,orion vehicle and an integrated lunar landing system carried on an ,exploration ,upper ,stage-enhanced ,space ,launch ,system for the human lunar landing missions4 ,the ,gateway to ,mars shall not be required for the conduct of human lunar landing missions4 7b7 ,human-,rated ,lunar ,landing ,system ,for the purposes established in section #bjb7;c71 the ,administrator shall develop and operate an integrated human lunar landing system to provide human access to the lunar surface4 ,the human-rated integrated lunar landing system shall be designed with safety1 sustainability1 and affordability as priorities and developed through a means that allows for the ,united ,states ,government to retain-- 7#a7 full ownership of the human landing system2 7#b7 unlimited and unfettered insight into the design1 development1 and testing of the integrated human landing system2 7#c7 final determination on whether the system meets existing human-rating requirements2 7#d7 leadership over any anomaly or accident investigation1 should it be necessary to carry out such an investigation2 and 7#e7 shall require at least one uncrewed and one crewed in-space test and demonstration prior to its use to carry astronauts to the surface of the ,moon and a plan for testing of a ,mars human lander in a suitable environment4 7c7 ,exploration ,space ,suits ,the ,administrator shall develop an exploration space suit to meet the requirements of the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 ,in developing an exploration space suit1 the ,administrator shall1 to the greatest extent practicable1 leverage prior and existing investments in advanced space suit technologies in order to maximize the benefits of such investments and technologies4 ,the ,administrator shall use the ,international ,space ,station for testing of exploration space suits4 7d7 ,logistics ,support ,to the maximum extent possible1 logistics support to the ,gateway to ,mars and the lunar surface shall be provided by commercial services1 provided that the availability of those services does not becoming the limiting critical path factor in ,,nasa's ability to complete its ,gateway to ,mars and ,lunar ,precursor initiatives as scheduled4 ,the ,administrator shall develop contingency plans for the delivery of the minimum set of needed logistics in the event commercial services are not available when needed4 7e7 ,international ,collaboration 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall lead and encourage to the maximum extent practicable international partner participation in the implementation of the elements of the ,moon to ,mars ,program under overall ,,nasa leadership4 ,the ,administrator shall encourage partnerships that enhance the program4 7#b7 ,congressional ,authorization ,,nasa shall seek ,congressional authorization prior to finalizing any exploration architecture that depends on international or commercial partnerships for overall mission success4 7f7 ,crewed ,lunar ,landing ,missions ,in order to minimize the time required for the ,lunar ,precursor ,initiative phase of the ,moon to ,mars ,program1 ,,nasa shall plan for and implement measures to enable a crewed lunar landing mission rate of at least two per year after the initial crewed lunar landing has been achieved4 7g7 ,lunar ,lander ,management ,the ,moon to ,mars ,program ,office shall manage the overall development of the ,human ,lunar ,landing ,system1 with the ,johnson ,space ,center responsible for the crew-related elements1 vehicle structure1 and ,human ,lunar ,landing ,system integration and the ,marshall ,space ,flight ,center responsible for the ,lander propulsion systems4 7h7 ,ground and ,flight ,test ,activities ,the ,moon to ,mars ,program shall maintain a robust series of ground and flight test activities for each element of the ,program1 including at least one crewed flight test of each crewed system design prior to its use on a human lunar landing system or ,mars mission4 7i7 ,mars ,landing and ,ascent ,system ,designs ,to the extent funding permits1 the ,administrator shall maintain two competing integrated crewed ,mars landing_/ascent system design concepts through the critical design review milestone1 at which point the ,administrator shall make a selection of the system to be utilized in the first human ,mars landing mission4 #bjf4 ,noncritical path activities 7a7 ,lunar ,outpost ,any establishment of a continuously crewed lunar outpost or research station shall not be considered an element of the ,moon to ,mars ,program and shall be budgeted separately from the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 7b7 ,other ,crewed ,activities ,crewed activities on or around the surface of the ,moon that do not contribute to the goal of landing humans on ,mars in as sustainable manner as practical shall not be included in the ,moon to ,mars ,program and shall be budgeted separately from the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 7c7 ,lunar ,in-,situ ,resource ,utilization ,lunar in-situ resource utilization shall not be considered as risk reduction for the initial crewed missions to orbit and land on ,mars4 ,any lunar in-situ resource utilization activities and shall not be included in the ,moon to ,mars ,program and shall be budgeted separately from the ,moon to ,mars ,program4 #bjg4 ,core exploration capabilities 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that ground systems1 robust testing programs1 and a flight cadence necessary to maintain critical human spaceflight skills are important elements of a safe and sustainable human exploration program4 7b7 ,flight rate and safety ,after the first crewed lunar landing1 the ,administrator shall1 to the extent practicable1 and taking into account the results of the ,assessment in section #bjh7;b71 carry out a flight rate of at least two integrated ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion crew vehicle missions per year1 until the ,lunar ,precursor ,initiative is complete1 to maintain the critical human spaceflight production and operations skills necessary for the safety of human spaceflight activities in deep space4 7c7 ,milestones ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a list of the key milestones required for completing each of the ,space ,launch ,system variants and an estimated date on which those milestones shall be completed4 7d7 ,exploration ,ground ,systems ,infrastructure ,the ,administrator shall ensure that elements of a ground system infrastructure are in place to enable the preparation and use of the ,space ,launch ,system1 specifically its ,block #a 7#gj mt7 and ,block #a;,b 7#aje mt7 and ,block #b 7#acj mt7 variants of the ,space ,launch ,system4 7e7 ,mobile ,launch ,facility ,in implementing the requirements in subsection 7d71 the ,administrator shall take all necessary steps to develop and complete a second mobile launch facility that will be in place to support the first ,block #a;,b ,space ,launch ,system4 7f7 ,ground-,based ,test ,program in ,support of ,crewed ,flight ,test ,the ,administrator shall carry out a robust ground-based test program1 including the full ,green ,run test of the ,space ,launch ,system engines and the testing and qualification of the ,exploration ,upper ,stage4 #bjh4 ,reviews and assessments 7a7 ,independent ,review of ,human ,research ,program 7#a7 ,in ,general ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine for an independent1 external review of the ,human ,research ,program4 ,the purpose of the review shall be to examine the effectiveness of approaches currently being taken for identifying1 measuring1 and mitigating1 and establishing countermeasures for human health and performance risks related to long-term human spaceflight1 including any human activities in deep space1 and to make recommendations to improve the program4 ,the review shall consider the translation of basic research into the ,human ,research ,program4 7#b7 ,report ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the review to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 7b7 ,core ,stage ,production ,capacity 7#a7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall assess the requirements and resource needed for increasing the production capacity of the ,space ,launch ,system core stage from one to two core stages per year1 and shall identify the resources1 workforce1 and infrastructure needed to increase the production capacity4 7#b7 ,report ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the assessment not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7c7 ,vehicle ,assembly ,building ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate an assessment of requirements for concurrently processing #b or more ,space ,launch ,system vehicles1 including ,space ,launch ,system vehicles with an exploration upper stage4 7d7 ,review of ,risk ,mitigation ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a review of the ,orion crew vehicle and its systems1 including the ,european ,service ,module1 to identify any single-point failure and zero-fault-tolerant systems1 components1 or designs4 ,the review shall identify and describe all actions taken to mitigate the risks of the systems1 components1 or designs identified1 and any risk mitigation actions that are planned to be taken4 7e7 ,study on ,enhanced ,orion ,service ,module ,performance ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of the ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report on the results of an independent technical and cost analysis of the options for developing or acquiring an enhanced ,orion service module1 as appropriate1 that would enable direct low lunar orbit access and departure4 7f7 ,environmental ,control and ,life ,support ,system 7,,eclss7 ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate the results of a plan and schedule for the completion1 full testing1 qualification1 and validation of the integrated ,,eclss system to be used on the ,orion crew vehicle4 ,the plan shall include a schedule1 milestones1 and shall identify any technical or supply chain challenges1 as well as approaches to overcoming the challenges1 in meeting the schedule and milestone dates4 ,b ,international ,space ,station #bba4 ,extension and post-,,iss support 7a7 ,policy ,section #gjijg of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by striking at least #bjbd and inserting at least #bjbh and adding at the end unless continued operations present an increased safety risk or ,congress has authorized a detailed plan submitted by the ,administration for a transition from the ,international ,space ,station to an alternate platform1 platforms or other means for continued research1 as determined in section #bbf7;b7 and section #cjg4 7b7 ,independent ,cost ,estimate ,the ,independent ,program ,analysis and ,evaluation ,office established in section #ajjd shall arrange for an independent estimate of the cost of continuing ,international ,space ,station operations through #bjbh4 ,the estimate shall include the cost of crew and cargo transportation and of the research to be undertaken reflecting the priorities identified in section #bbb4 ,the assessment shall identify opportunities for operational efficiencies that could result in cost savings and increased research productivity4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the independent cost estimate to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #f months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 7d7 ,study ,not later than #abj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate1 the results of an assessment of-- 7#a7 technological challenges to operating the ,,iss until #bjbh2 and 7#b7 the potential viability of commercial space stations as an alternative to the ,,iss for carrying out-- 7,a7 the research requirements of the ,human ,research ,program and the requirements recommended in sections #bbf7;b7 and #cjg2 7,b7 to test systems necessary for crewed1 long duration deep space missions2 and 7,c7 key capabilities at ,,nasa ,centers that can be leveraged for the ,administration's continued safety in and use of low ,earth orbit4 #bbb4 ,priorities for ,,iss utilization 7a7 ,in ,general ,the ,administrator shall prioritize the use of available ,,nasa allocation of crew time and resources on the ,international ,space ,station toward research and technology development that enables the ,moon to ,mars goal in section #bjb4 ,priority research and development areas should include-- 7#a7 the research of the ,human ,research ,program1 including research on reduction of human health and performance risks1 behavioral and psychological risks1 and astronaut safety related to long-duration human spaceflight1 and the development of countermeasures to mitigate those risks2 7#b7 the reduction of risks for exploration technologies1 including for ,,eclss1 extravehicular activity and space suits1 environmental monitoring1 safety1 and emergency response1 deep space communications1 among other critical enabling technologies for human exploration of deep space identified in section #bjc7;f72 and 7#c7 basic space life and physical science research consistent with the priorities of the most recent space life and physical sciences ,national ,academies decadal survey4 ,in addressing paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b71 the ,administrator shall take into account the data associated with the ,lifetime ,surveillance of ,astronaut ,health program1 other relevant data1 and recommendations from relevant ,national ,academies reports4 7b7 ,biannual progress ,the ,administrator shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a biannual accounting of the use of ,,nasa crew time and ,,iss resources1 including allocation of such resources toward the priorities established in subsection 7a74 7c7 ,prohibition ,the ,administration is prohibited from authorizing spaceflight participants access to the ,international ,space ,station when fewer than #c ,united ,states ,government astronauts are onboard as part of an ,international ,space ,station expedition crew4 #bbc4 ,assured crew access to the ,international ,space ,station ,not later than #cj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to ,congress a contingency plan1 including an implementation timeline1 for assured crew access to the ,international ,space ,station until certified commercial crew transportation services are taking place1 in the event that the availability of those services is delayed or unavailable4 #bbd4 ,international ,space ,station ,deorbit ,capability and ,plan ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,congress an ,international ,space ,station ,deorbit ,capability and ,plan1 including a cost estimate of implementing the plan4 #bbe4 ,replacement ,extravehicular ,mobility ,units 7a7 ,replacement ,suits ,the ,administrator shall take all necessary steps to provide for upgraded and replacement ,international ,space ,station ,extravehicular ,mobility ,units 7,e,m,us71 including spares1 to ensure the safety of the ,international ,space ,station crew and crew operations4 ,the upgraded and replacement units shall be fully tested and demonstrated1 including on the ,,iss1 to be certified by the ,administration for use by crew as soon as practicable4 ,upgraded and replacement ,e,m,us1 including spares1 shall accommodate the diversity of ,,iss crew1 suit sizes1 and other requirements established to support extravehicular activities4 7b7 ,plan ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a plan for the provision of upgraded and replacement ,e,m,us to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 #bbf4 ,low ,earth orbit development 7a7 ,in ,general ,the ,administrator shall carry out development activities in low ,earth orbit for the purposes of meeting the requirements established in subsection 7b7 and of supporting basic space life and physical sciences research and applications1 in accordance with the requirements identified in section #cjg1 following the end of ,international ,space ,station operations4 7b7 ,requirements for ,low ,earth ,orbit ,activities and ,research in ,support of ,human ,exploration ,the ,administrator shall continue to develop and regularly update detailed research1 development and associated requirements and capabilities that are needed to support ,,nasa's human spaceflight and ,moon to ,mars ,program and that must be carried out in low ,earth orbit4 ,requirements and capabilities for ,,nasa human spaceflight and exploration should include-- 7#a7 human health and performance research2 7#b7 crew accommodation and training2 7#c7 cargo and crew transportation services2 7#d7 technology demonstration and qualification2 and 7#e7 options for how such requirements could be met1 including through the use of suborbital launch systems1 free flying orbital platforms1 and the feasibility of and potential risks associated with each option4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the requirements in subsection 7b7 to ,congress not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act and shall provide annual updates to ,congress4 7d7 ,request for ,information ,within #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall issue a request for information for the development or provision of low ,earth orbit platforms1 modules1 or on-orbit capabilities1 including options for ownership and services provisions1 that can meet the requirements transmitted in subsection 7c74 7e7 ,results ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the request for information to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #abj days after the date the responses to the request for information are submitted to the ,administration4 ,,iii ,science #cja4 ,importance of a balanced science program ,it is the sense of ,congress that a balanced and adequately funded set of activities1 consisting of ,,nasa's research and analysis grants programs1 technology development1 small-1 medium-1 and large-sized space science missions1 and suborbital research activities1 continues to contribute to a robust and productive science program and serves as a catalyst for innovation4 #cjb4 ,review of implementation of quality assurance program and parts policy in science mission development 7a7 ,review ,the ,comptroller ,general shall review the implementation of quality assurance program and parts policy1 processes1 and procedures used in the development of instrument and spacecraft for space and ,earth science missions4 ,the review shall build on prior work carried out for the #bjaa ,government ,accountability ,office report on ,space and ,mission ,defense ,acquisitions3 ,periodic ,assessment ,needed to ,correct ,parts ,quality ,problems in ,major ,programs1 released in #bjaa1 and include an assessment of-- 7#a7 the extent to which ,,nasa is following established policy related to the selection1 acquisition1 traceability1 testing1 handling1 packaging1 storage1 and application of materials and mechanical and electrical parts and the reasons for any deviations2 7#b7 how ,,nasa conducts surveillance of contractor implementation of such policy1 processes1 and procedures2 and 7#c7 the extent to which established policy1 processes1 and procedures follows ,federal government best practices4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,comptroller ,general shall transmit the results of the review to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #cjc4 ,independent external technical1 management1 and cost reviews 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall arrange for independent external technical1 management1 and cost reviews of science missions with an estimated development cost of #a billion or more prior to completing the system definition and mission definition reviews--,key ,decision ,point ,b--and entering into the preliminary design and technology completion phase--,phase ,b--of the mission development cycle4 7b7 ,results ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the review to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #aj days after the results of the review have been completed4 #cjd4 ,small satellites 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that small satellites and cubesats are increasingly important elements of ,,nasa's exploration1 scientific1 and technology demonstration missions1 have produced high-value science1 and can contribute1 where appropriate1 to a balanced science mission portfolio4 ,cubesat-enabled science missions also provide opportunities for hands-on training and developing project management skills for students and early career professionals1 as noted in the #bjaf report of the ,national ,academies1 ,achieving ,science with ,cube,sats3 ,thinking ,inside the ,box4 7b7 ,continuation ,the ,administrator should continue to support the use of small satellite research and development in the space and ,earth sciences1 where appropriate1 and for hands-on training and related skills4 #cje4 ,options for small satellite and payload access to the near-space and space environment ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report describing the options for small satellites and payload access to the upper atmospheric1 near-space1 and space environments1 including through suborbital rockets1 balloons1 hosted payloads1 rideshares1 dedicated launch vehicles1 among any other options4 ,the report shall also identify criteria for the selection of an option for small satellite and payload access to the upper atmospheric1 near-space1 and space environments1 and shall identify the potential benefits and risks of each option4 #cjf4 ,study on space life and physical sciences research and applications placement ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a report to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate on an evaluation of the potential transfer of the ,space ,life and ,physical ,sciences ,research and ,applications activities to the ,science ,mission ,directorate4 ,the study shall identify and consider issues related to the potential establishment of a ,space ,life and ,physical ,sciences ,research and ,applications ,division under the ,science ,mission ,directorate1 the organization of a potential ,division1 and the potential scope of a ,division's research and activities4 ,the study shall include a recommendation on a potential transfer and identification of follow-on actions1 if any1 that would be required for implementation4 #cjg4 ,space life and physical sciences research requirements 7a7 ,requirements ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine for the development of a comprehensive set of requirements to support life and physical sciences research in microgravity following the end of ,international ,space ,station operations4 ,the study shall include1 among other factors-- 7#a7 requirements to support basic research1 as recommended in the most recent ,national ,academies decadal survey1 and requirements for applied research and development activities2 7#b7 environmental requirements including thermal1 vibration1 micro-g level1 noise1 sterility1 and cleanliness2 7#c7 laboratory facility hardware 7e4g41 glovebox1 ovens1 rodent facilities72 7#d7 technology demonstration and qualification2 7#e7 crew time for carrying out basic research activities2 7#f7 power2 7#g7 data storage and transmission2 7#h7 communications2 7#i7 supporting facilities and infrastructure2 7#aj7 crew and cargo transportation services1 including pressurized upmass and downmass1 to and from low ,earth orbit following the end of ,international ,space ,station operations2 7#aa7 options for how such requirements could be met1 including through the use of suborbital launch systems1 free flying orbital platforms1 and the feasibility1 and potential risks associated with2 and 7#ab7 options for governance and management models for non-,,nasa research and development activities and recommendations on a governance and management approach4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the study in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 7c7 ,prohibition ,the nonprofit management entity responsible for managing non-,,nasa research on the ,international ,space ,station1 under section #gjije7;c77#b7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 shall not have access to any ,,nasa-funded portion of any potential attached commercial or public-private platform or any free flying commercial or public-private platform until the results of the study directed under subsection 7a7 have been provided to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and acted upon by the ,congress4 ,a ,earth ,science and ,applications #caa4 ,goal 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,administration's ,earth science and applications program are vital for the ,nation's ability to research1 understand1 and take measures to address the challenge of global climate change and provide increasingly valuable data for applied uses1 including on natural resource management1 agriculture1 forestry1 food security1 air quality monitoring1 among many other application areas4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that a robust and balanced ,earth science and applications program contributes significantly to the ,nation's scientific discovery1 economic growth and to supporting the health and safety of ,americans and citizens of the world4 7b7 ,reaffirmation ,congress reaffirms section #fjeja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 on the goal for ,,nasa's ,earth science and applications program1 which is that the ,administration's ,earth ,science program shall be to pursue a program of ,earth observations1 research1 and applications activities to better understand the ,earth1 how it supports life1 and how human activities affect its ability to do so in the future4 ,in pursuit of this goal1 the ,administration's ,earth ,science program shall ensure that securing practical benefits for society will be an important measure of its success in addition to securing new knowledge about the ,earth system and climate change4 ,in further pursuit of this goal1 the ,administration shall1 together with other relevant agencies1 provide ,united ,states leadership in developing and carrying out a cooperative international ,earth observations-based research program4 7c7 ,plan ,the ,administrator shall prepare an implementation plan for the most recent ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine's decadal survey on ,earth science and applications4 7d7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the ,plan in subsection 7c7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation in the ,senate not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #cab4 ,applied uses of ,earth science data 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that there are substantive and innovative applications and uses of space-based ,earth science observations that are benefitting other ,federal ,government agencies1 ,state and local government agencies1 and the broader user community and society4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that the ,administration should continue to seek means1 to the extent practicable and in collaboration with other ,federal ,government agencies1 industry1 and academia1 to expand the applied uses of ,,nasa space-based ,earth science observations and data4 ,it is also the sense of ,congress that quantifying the uses of these observations by other ,federal ,government agencies is important for understanding the impact and value of the ,nation's investments in space-based ,earth science observations and data4 7b7 ,report ,the ,administrator shall prepare a report identifying the use of ,,nasa space-based ,earth science observations by other civil ,federal ,government agencies4 ,the report shall1 for each ,federal agency1 identify the extent of space-based ,earth science observations used1 the type of ,earth science observations used1 the purpose of the data use1 and any tools or decision support services developed in the use of the space-based ,earth science data for operational or research and development purposes4 7c7 ,consideration ,the report shall take into account the work of the ,satellite ,needs ,working ,group under the ,u4,s4 ,group on ,earth ,observations1 which identifies high-priority ,federal satellite user needs4 #cac4 ,survey of ,state1 ,tribal1 and territory use of ,,nasa ,earth observation data 7a7 ,survey ,the ,administrator shall arrange for a survey of the use of ,,nasa ,earth observation data by ,states1 ,tribal organizations1 and territories4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,director shall transmit the results of the ,survey in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #cad4 ,commercial ,earth observation data 7a7 ,study ,not later than #abj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to carry out a study on the opportunities and challenges related to the potential use of commercial ,earth observation data collected for the purposes of conducting ,earth science research4 7b7 ,inclusion ,the study in subsection 7a7 shall include-- 7#a7 an assessment of the ,administration's private sector small satellite constellation pilot program2 7#b7 options for government or private sector roles in performing calibration and validation and reanalysis of commercial ,earth observations data2 7#c7 approaches to ensuring consistency with ,administration data and information policies for ,earth observation data obtained or purchased from commercial providers2 7#d7 the results of the assessment in paragraph 7#a72 7#e7 the benefits of using commercially provided data1 observations1 or services for ,earth science research2 7#f7 recommendations on guidelines1 decision rules1 and requirements for the use of commercial ,earth observation data in support of ,earth science research2 and 7#g7 recommendations on any other relevant factors and issues regarding the use of commercial ,earth observation data for the purposes of conducting ,earth science research4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the study to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #cae4 ,plankton1 ,aerosol1 ,cloud1 ocean ,ecosystem mission 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall continue development of the ,plankton1 ,aerosol1 ,cloud1 ocean ,ecosystem 7,,pace7 mission to advance #bjjg ,national ,academies decadal survey priorities for systematic measurements on clouds and aerosols and global ocean color measurements that extend systematic data records for ,earth system and climate science1 including on the carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry4 7b7 ,cost and ,schedule ,in carrying out the development in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall follow all requirements under section #cjajd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 #caf4 ,,clarreo ,pathfinder 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall continue development of the ,climate ,absolute ,radiance and ,refractivity ,observatory 7,,clarreo7 ,pathfinder mission1 as recommended by the #bjjg ,national ,academies decadal survey1 to demonstrate measurement capabilities1 verify the accuracy of radiometry for long-term climate studies1 and to help provide a baseline climate record for shortwave reflectance and infrared measurements4 7b7 ,cost and ,schedule ,in carrying out the development in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall follow all requirements under section #cjajd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,b ,astrophysics #cba4 ,wide ,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall continue development of the ,wide ,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope 7,,wfirst71 in the configuration established through preliminary design review1 to meet the objectives prioritized in the #bjaj decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics of the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine4 7b7 ,cost and ,schedule ,in carrying out the development in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall follow all requirements under section #cjajd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,baseline plan ,following ,key ,decision ,point-,c or project confirmation1 the ,administrator shall prepare a cost and schedule baseline plan for the development of ,,wfirst against which the project performance can be measured by ,congress4 ,the plan shall include an annual funding profile required for ,,wfirst through the completion of its development and initial science phase1 including cost and schedule reserves levels1 consistent with ,,nasa policy4 7d7 ,transmittal ,not later than #cj days after ,key ,decision ,point-,c has taken place1 the ,administrator shall provide the plan in subsection 7c7 to the appropriate ,committees of ,congress4 7e7 ,quarterly reporting ,the ,administrator shall provide quarterly reports on the progress of the ,,wfirst development and the status on cost and schedule relative to the baseline plan developed in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and of the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7f7 ,comptroller ,general ,review ,the ,comptroller ,general shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate an annual review of the performance and progress of the ,,wfirst development under subsections 7a7 through 7c74 ,the review shall examine the ,administration's performance in meeting cost1 schedule1 and technical objectives and overall management of the project's development4 #cbb4 ,stratospheric ,observatory for ,infrared ,astronomy ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report on the scientific program and operations of the ,stratospheric ,observatory for ,infrared ,astronomy4 ,the report shall provide-- 7#a7 a description of the scientific instruments that are flying1 including-- 7,a7 their current operating status2 7,b7 operating costs2 7,c7 anticipated operational lifetimes2 and 7,d7 the anticipated scientific impact of each instrument2 and 7#b7 a description of the scientific instruments are planned to be flown on the observatory1 including the-- 7,a7 development status2 7,b7 estimated development costs2 7,c7 anticipated launch date2 7,d7 the anticipated operational lifetime2 and 7,e7 the anticipated scientific impact of the instrument4 #cbc4 ,research on technosignatures 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the search for life in the universe is an integral component of the ,administration's space science program and that the search for life in the universe has increasingly encompassed a multi- and interdisciplinary approach4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that research related to the search for life has encompassed nongovernment funded research on and searches for intelligent life4 ,those efforts include searches for signatures of advanced technologies that could be used to indicate the existence of intelligent life beyond ,earth1 or what is referred to as technosignatures4 7b7 ,research ,the ,administrator may support1 as appropriate1 peer-reviewed1 competitively selected research on technosignatures4 ,c ,planetary ,science #cca4 ,mars communications infrastructure 7a7 ,requirements ,the ,administrator shall develop an estimate of the ,administration's communication requirements1 including bandwidth and communications needs1 to serve current and future robotic orbiter1 lander1 rover and human missions to ,mars into the #bjdjs4 7b7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall prepare an assessment of the existing ,mars communication infrastructure and its capabilities to meet the ,administration's requirements in subsection 7a71 including the risk of potential gaps in communications relays between ,mars spacecraft and ,earth within the next #e years4 7c7 ,plan ,based on the assessment in subsection 7b71 the ,administrator shall develop a plan for addressing the risk of potential gaps of meeting future robotic and potential human mission requirements into the #bjdjs4 7d7 ,inclusion ,the ,plan in subsection 7c7 shall include-- 7#a7 options for a ,mars communication infrastructure that meets the estimated requirements in subsection 7a71 options for mitigating any risks identified in the ,assessment in subsection 7b71 and a preliminary estimate of the potential costs of each option1 including-- 7,a7 the tradeoffs of using a dedicated ,mars communications orbiter1 a ,mars science orbiter that handles communications relays1 and other options2 and 7,b7 an identification of any technology1 software1 and cybersecurity developments anticipated to become available in the next #b-e years that could facilitate the capability1 accelerate the development1 and enable implementation of a ,mars communication infrastructure2 and 7#b7 options for acquisition approaches for a ,mars communications infrastructure1 including partnerships with international or commercial partners4 7e7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate the assessment and plan in subsections 7b7 and 7c7 not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ccb4 ,mars sample return strategy and plan 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the #bjaa ,national ,academies decadal survey1 ,vision and ,voyages for ,planetary ,science in the ,decade #bjac-bjbb states that ,the ,mars community ''' was emphatic in their view that a sample return mission is the next step in ,mars exploration4 ,mars science has reached a level of sophistication such that fundamental advances in addressing the important questions ''' will come only from analysis of returned samples44 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that the decadal survey recommended a ,mars sample return mission as the highest priority large mission1 and that in addition to advancing high priority science1 ,mars samples returned to ,earth would contribute science and information that is valuable for planning a human mission to ,mars4 7b7 ,strategy ,the ,administrator shall develop a strategy1 including options1 for returning samples that are planned to be cached by the ,mars #bjbj rover to ,earth for terrestrial laboratory study4 ,the strategy shall identify-- 7#a7 technologies required to carry out a sample return mission1 including requirements for sample containment and handling in space and upon return to ,earth2 7#b7 research1 technology1 and developments needed to effectively manage planetary protection2 7#c7 opportunities for potential international partnership2 and 7#d7 a recommended mission option1 and an estimated cost4 7c7 ,implementation plan ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a plan for implementing the strategy in subsection 7a71 including a timeline and a list of key milestones1 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7d7 ,early technology development ,the ,administrator shall continue early technology development work in preparation for a ,mars sample return mission4 #ccc4 ,commercial ,lunar ,payload ,services 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator may establish a ,commercial ,lunar ,payload ,services program for the purposes of transporting and landing science instruments and payloads on the lunar surface or to cislunar space4 7b7 ,relationship to other mission directorates ,any lander demonstrations1 services1 instruments1 or payloads1 and the commercial lunar payload services required to deliver those payloads or instruments to the lunar surface or lunar vicinity1 that are not carried out for the purposes established in subsection 7a7 or that are carried out for the ,human ,exploration and ,operations ,mission ,directorate or the ,space ,technology ,mission ,directorate shall be funded from the ,mission ,directorate sponsoring the use of the program established in subsection 7a74 7c7 ,commercial ,landers ,in carrying out the program under 7a71 the ,administrator shall procure the services of commercial landers that are majority-designed1 majority-developed1 and majority-built in the ,united ,states4 7d7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall carry out an assessment of the ,commercial ,lunar ,payload ,services program to identify lessons learned1 ongoing challenges1 and approaches to addressing the challenges4 ,the study shall be transmitted to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #c years after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ccd4 ,europa ,clipper launch vehicle 7a7 ,assessment of launch vehicle options ,not later than #cj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall carry out and complete an assessment of the launch vehicle options that would be available at the earliest flight readiness date for launch of the ,europa ,clipper mission4 ,the assessment shall include-- 7#a7 an analysis of the marginal cost1 schedule1 risk1 and benefits associated with launching the ,europa ,clipper mission on a ,space ,launch ,system as compared to an alternative launch vehicle1 including any additional cost1 schedule1 and risk incurred from spacecraft design changes due to alternative interplanetary trajectories2 and 7#b7 a consideration of whether an increased ,space ,launch ,system production rate would allow the ,europa ,clipper orbiter mission to be launched on a ,space ,launch ,system on a schedule that is consistent with the flight readiness date for the mission4 7b7 ,authorization ,the ,administrator is authorized1 based on the results of the assessment in subsection 7a71 to select the launch vehicle for the ,europa ,clipper mission taking into account the probability of mission success and based on cost1 schedule1 vehicle availability1 and impact on science requirements4 7c7 ,report ,not later than #ae days after completing the assessment in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report including the complete assessment of launch vehicle options in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator's selection of the ,europa ,clipper launch vehicle as authorized in subsection 7b71 and the estimated cost of the selected launch option4 #cce4 ,dedicated survey mission 7a7 ,dedicated survey mission ,the ,administrator shall develop a dedicated space-based infrared survey telescope mission1 as soon as is practicable1 for the purpose of accomplishing the objectives of the ,george ,e4 ,brown1 ,jr4 ,near-,earth ,object ,survey ,act1 and consistent with section #gaaja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,the mission design shall take into account the recommendations of the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine's report1 ,finding ,hazardous ,asteroids ,using ,infrared and ,visible ,wavelength ,telescopes4 7b7 ,plan ,the ,administrator shall transmit a plan for carrying out the dedicated survey mission described in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ccf4 ,near-,earth object and planetary defense roadmap 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall lead the development of a ,roadmap to improve the detection1 tracking1 and characterization of near-,earth objects for the purpose of reducing uncertainties and advancing the accuracy of decision making on potentially hazardous near-,earth objects4 ,the ,roadmap shall identify existing or planned telescope programs that could contribute to improving the detection and tracking of near-,earth objects and completing the goals of the ,george ,e4 ,brown1 ,jr4 ,near-,earth ,object ,survey4 7b7 ,,nasa responsibilities ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 ,,nasa shall1 in cooperation with relevant ,federal agencies and international partners-- 7#a7 lead activities that-- 7,a7 enhance national capabilities for near-,earth object detection1 tracking1 and characterization2 and 7,b7 seek to develop technologies for fast-response near-,earth object deflection and disruption2 and 7#b7 participate in activities that-- 7,a7 seek to improve national capabilities for potentially hazardous near-,earth object modeling1 predictions1 and information integration2 and 7,b7 increase international cooperation on near-,earth object preparation4 #ccg4 ,assessment of requirements for cataloguing and archiving near-,earth object data 7a7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to carry out an assessment to identify the requirements and capabilities needed for the cataloguing1 archiving1 and maintaining observational space-based and ground-based data of near-,earth objects through #bjcj1 including data from the ,large ,synoptic ,survey ,telescope4 7b7 ,inclusion ,the assessment in subsection 7a7 shall address-- 7#a7 the extent to which the existing facilities1 including the ,minor ,planet ,center1 can accommodate the identified needs2 7#b7 and any additional facilities1 equipment1 and capabilities needed to catalogue1 archive1 and maintain near-,earth object data anticipated to be collected through #bjcj2 7#c7 requirements and capabilities for automated analysis of the data and objects in the catalogue and archive1 including artificial intelligence2 and 7#d7 an estimated timeline and budget required to support the requirements and capabilities identified in paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#c74 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the assessment to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #cch4 ,international confidence and capacity building for near-,earth object impact mitigation 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall expand efforts being carried out with international entities1 including the ,space ,missions ,planning ,advisory ,group of the ,working ,group on near-,earth ,objects of the ,scientific and ,technical ,subcommittee of the ,united ,nations ,committee on the ,peaceful ,uses of ,outer ,space1 to support confidence-building and capacity-building activities related to near-,earth object impact mitigation techniques1 such the use of a kinetic impactor1 gravity tractor1 and nuclear explosive device4 7b7 ,confidence and capacity-,building ,the ,administrator may carry out workshops1 technical exchanges of information1 training1 or other means1 as appropriate1 with international entities for building confidence1 and developing technical understanding and awareness of in-space near-,earth object deflection or impact mitigation techniques4 7c7 ,briefing ,not later than #i months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall provide a briefing to staff of the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate on plans for carrying out the activities in subsections 7a7 and 7b74 #cci4 ,close passing near-,earth objects ,the ,administration should consider planning preparatory actions to take advantage of opportunities related to close passing near-,earth objects for both scientific and public outreach purposes1 including the close approach of asteroid #iiidb ,apophis anticipated to occur in #bjbi1 to conduct close-up studies of a large asteroids as they pass by ,earth4 ,d ,heliophysics and ,space ,weather ,research #cda4 ,importance of heliophysics research to understanding space weather ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 ,,nasa's ,heliophysics ,division is a key contributor to a greater understanding of the ,sun1 solar activity1 and the space environment of ,earth and other planets2 7#b7 fundamental research in ,heliophysics plays a key role in understanding and predicting space weather1 which describes naturally occurring phenomena that have the potential to severely and adversely affect numerous assets in space and on ,earth1 including military and commercial satellite communications1 the global power grid1 and pipelines that provide fuel and water to billions of people2 and 7#c7 understanding space weather is crucial in advance of human exploration activities in order to minimize deleterious effects on humans in space4 #cdb4 ,space ,weather ,research and ,applications ,program 7a7 ,establishment ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with other relevant ,federal ,government agencies1 shall establish within the ,heliophysics ,division a ,space ,weather ,research and ,applications ,program to support the transition of scientific research to operations and to carry out competitively selected applied research for the purposes of improving the modeling1 forecasting1 and prediction of space weather phenomena4 ,in carrying out the ,program established in this subsection1 the ,administrator shall1 to the extent practicable1 partner with relevant ,federal ,government agencies1 academia1 industry1 and the space weather user community4 7b7 ,community coordinated modeling center ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with relevant ,federal ,government agencies and stakeholders1 shall lead the coordination of space weather model development1 testing1 and validation in preparation for transitioning such models to operational users4 ,in leading the ,center1 the ,administrator should1 to the extent practicable-- 7#a7 take steps to support the integration of additional data sources 7including international1 academic1 and commercial7 that could improve space weather models1 predictive capabilities1 and forecasts2 and 7#b7 increase efforts to coordinate the ,community ,coordinated ,modeling ,center activities with academia1 industry1 international1 and other space weather modeling and forecasting entities4 7c7 ,observations ,the ,administrator should continue to consider1 to the extent practicable1 the use of small spacecraft to expand space weather observations and enhance research related to space weather model development4 ,e ,data ,science and ,management #cfa4 ,data science and management ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,administrator should take steps to establish a data science and management initiative to expand data analytic capabilities1 such as cloud computing1 in the management of the ,administration's scientific databases that can enable the pursuit of new1 interdisciplinary areas of scientific investigation and facilitate the broadest possible use of space science and ,earth science data for research and applied purposes4 #cfb4 ,workshop on data analytics for ,earth science research 7a7 ,workshop ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine for a workshop on the scientific opportunities related to the use of advanced data analytics and modeling techniques in ,earth science research and applications4 ,the workshop should identify-- 7#a7 the opportunities and challenges of using advanced data analytics and modeling techniques for ,earth science research1 including those areas of ,earth science research that currently use advanced data analytics and modeling techniques2 7#b7 current and future developments in data analytics and modeling techniques2 and 7#c7 potential areas of interdisciplinary ,earth science and applications research that could be enabled by advanced data analytics and modeling techniques4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall provide a report on the ,workshop in subsection 7a7 not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 ,,iv ,space ,communications #dja4 ,review of space communications 7a7 ,review ,the ,comptroller ,general shall undertake a review of the ,administration's space communications and navigation programs1 activities1 and plans4 7b7 ,inclusion ,the review in subsection 7a7 shall include-- 7#a7 the extent to which there is a well-defined plan1 architecture1 and identification of communications and navigation needs over the next #bj years2 7#b7 an identification of performance capabilities required to meet the ,administration's plans and needs over the next #bj years2 7#c7 the extent to which the ,administration has developed an estimate of the costs1 including life cycle costs1 of paragraph 7#b72 7#d7 approaches the ,administrator is taking to sustain the existing space communications and navigations architecture2 7#e7 any risks to the sustainment and operations of the architecture2 7#f7 planned upgrades to the architecture2 7#g7 an estimated cost for the upgrades in paragraph 7#f72 7#h7 the extent to which there is an established means for prioritizing investments and how such investments are balanced between sustaining existing operations1 upgrading systems1 and undertaking new developments2 7#i7 the technical and programmatic viability of any approaches for meeting space communications needs after all ,tracking and ,data ,relay ,satellite ,system third-generation communications satellites are operational2 and 7#aj7 the extent to which the ,administration has an established plan and measures for mitigating threats to electromagnetic spectrum use4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the review in subsection 7a7 shall be transmitted to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 ,v ,aeronautics #eja4 ,research effort to advance sustainable aviation 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in consultation with other relevant ,federal agencies1 industry1 and academia1 shall conduct research and development efforts that contribute to reducing the environmental impact of aviation1 providing for a sustainable future for aviation1 and improving the efficiency and performance of ,united ,states commercial aircraft4 7b7 ,research ,effort ,the research effort in subsection 7a7 shall include research1 development1 and demonstration projects on-- 7#a7 subsonic aircraft and engine design and technology2 7#b7 sustainable aviation fuels2 7#c7 electric and hybrid-electric propulsion2 and 7#d7 other efforts that contribute to a sustainable future for aviation4 7c7 ,goals ,the goals of the initiative in subsection 7b7 shall be to reach-- 7#a7 two percent annual fuel efficiency improvement through #bjej2 and 7#b7 carbon neutral growth4 7d7 ,annual report ,not later than ,june #a of every year1 the ,administrator shall submit a report identifying the activities carried out under the research effort under subsection 7a7 and the progress toward meeting the goals identified in subsection 7c74 #ejb4 ,workshop on research and development on noise 7a7 ,workshop ,the ,administrator shall organize a workshop on the status of existing research and technology activities1 and to identify planned research and technology demonstration activities and opportunities for future research and development activities1 including noiseless aircraft1 related to reducing the noise effects from subsonic aircraft1 urban air mobility and uncrewed aviation systems1 supersonic aircraft1 and commercial space launch vehicles4 7b7 ,participants ,the ,workshop described in subsection 7a7 shall include participants from relevant ,federal government agencies1 industry1 academia1 and nongovernmental organizations4 7c7 ,report ,the ,administrator shall transmit a report on the results of the workshop to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ejc4 ,aeronautics research and technology roundtable ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,national ,academies ,aeronautics ,research and ,technology ,round ,table has been a valuable forum for industry1 academia1 and government to share knowledge1 define strategic issues1 identify research topics of interest1 and provide input into ,,nasa's ,aeronautics ,research ,mission ,directorate's agenda4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress1 that the ,administrator should continue to support the ,roundtable to facilitate continuing partnerships in ,united ,states aeronautics research going forward4 #ejd4 ,experimental aircraft demonstrations 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall study1 develop1 and carry out large-scale testing and demonstrations in relevant environments that are needed to understand complex1 transformational flight systems1 including structures1 aerodynamics1 propulsion1 controls and flight dynamics interactions1 and advanced technologies and systems for their transition into aircraft and airspace systems by the aviation community4 7b7 ,experimental aircraft demonstrations ,in meeting the objectives established in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall carry out experimental aircraft demonstrations1 including a-- 7#a7 subsonic demonstrator to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of advanced1 ultra-efficient subsonic flight demonstrator configurations2 7#b7 low-boom flight demonstrator to validate design tools and technologies that can be applied to low sonic boom commercial supersonic aircraft and support the development of a noise-based standard for supersonic overland flight2 and 7#c7 hybrid wing body demonstrator to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of an ultra-efficient hybrid wing body configuration4 7c7 ,collaboration with industry and academia ,the ,administration shall seek means to increase collaboration with industry and academia in basic research1 technology development1 and experimental aircraft demonstration activities4 #eje4 ,review of research roadmap on hypersonics 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to review the ,roadmap for ,hypersonic ,research directed in section #fjc of the ,,nasa ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag4 ,the review shall take into account research activities of the ,department of ,defense4 ,the review shall identify and prioritize critical basic and applied research to be carried out by the ,administration in the near-term 7within #f months to #c years71 mid-term 7within #c to #f years71 and long-term 7within #f to #aj years71 and shall identify the flight demonstration vehicles and demonstrations1 capabilities1 infrastructure and facilities1 and workforce skills needed to establish global leadership in hypersonics4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the review in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ejf4 ,supersonic flight 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the development of low-boom commercial supersonic transport that is efficient1 cost-effective1 and safe for the environment will be transformative for the aviation industry and will help ensure continued ,united ,states leadership in enabling new transportation capabilities4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that ,,nasa1 in its work on a low-boom flight demonstrator aircraft1 should continue consulting with the ,federal ,aviation ,administration 7,,faa71 the ,international ,civil ,aviation ,organization 7,,icao71 other international aeronautics research organizations4 7b7 ,continued research ,the ,administrator shall continue to conduct research and development activities to enable the development and operational use of low-boom supersonic aircraft4 #ejg4 ,urban air mobility 7a7 ,strategy ,the ,administrator shall develop a strategy1 including goals and objectives1 for the ,administration's research and development activities on urban air mobility4 ,the strategy shall-- 7#a7 take into account the ,administration's work on uncrewed aviation systems2 7#b7 consider relevant ,national ,academies reports on the feasibility of a safe and efficient urban air mobility system2 7#c7 provide a description of the ,administration's ,grand ,challenges for urban air mobility and how it contributes to achieving the goals and objectives identified in the strategy2 7#d7 identify any research gaps and options for addressing the gaps2 and 7#e7 identify the means of partnering with the other relevant ,federal agencies1 academia1 and industry on urban air mobility research and development4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the strategy to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ejh4 ,aeronautics workforce and modeling and test facilities 7a7 ,review ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to carry out a comprehensive review of-- 7#a7 the ,nation's aeronautics workforce and skills-base2 and 7#b7 the status of ,,nasa's aeronautical modeling and test facilities4 ,the review shall make prioritized recommendations on actions needed to align the workforce with research objectives1 strategic goals1 and commercial aeronautics opportunities and on the improvements and additions to modeling capabilities and test facilities needed to meet the ,nation's aeronautics strategic goals and objectives4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the review not later than #ae months after the date of enactment of this ,act to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 7c7 ,implementation plan ,not later than #abj days after the date that the review is completed and published1 the ,administrator shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a plan for implementing the recommendations in the review in subsection 7a74 #eji4 ,university leadership initiative 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that ,united ,states leadership in aeronautics will depend1 in part1 on infusing innovation into the ,nation's aeronautical research and development programs and in transferring the proven capabilities and technologies established through research and development into commercial aviation4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that the ,university ,leadership ,initiative is encouraging innovation by successfully engaging multidisciplinary teams1 including academia and industry1 in compelling research activities that address the ,aeronautics ,research ,mission ,directorate's strategic research goals while also energizing the aeronautics research enterprise4 ,the ,administrator should continue to support the ,university ,leadership ,initiative4 7b7 ,review ,the ,administrator shall arrange for an external review of the ,university ,leadership ,initiative for the purposes of considering the ,initiative's progress toward meeting the program's objectives1 identifying options and recommendations for strengthening the program1 and evaluating the project's efforts to increase the participation of women1 ,,hbcu and underrepresented and minority participants in the program4 7c7 ,report ,the ,administrator shall transmit a report to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 ,,vi ,space ,technology #fja4 ,space nuclear systems ,it is the sense of ,congress that3 7#a7 ,space nuclear technology development1 including nuclear propulsion and surface power reactors1 is critical for enabling ,moon and ,mars missions4 ,nuclear propulsion technologies can reduce transit times to ,mars1 particularly making possible opposition class missions4 ,surface power would enable robotic and human exploration4 ,it is important that the ,united ,states lead in developing the safe and sustainable use of space nuclear power4 7#b7 ,,nasa should continue to develop technologies that rely on low enriched uranium fuel and continue partnerships on such concepts with the commercial sector4 ,where feasible1 the use of low enriched uranium should be prioritized4 #fjb4 ,nuclear thermal propulsion 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall carry out nuclear thermal propulsion research and development activities1 including for systems based on the use of low-enriched uranium1 for the purposes of developing an in-space propulsion system to support crewed missions to ,mars4 7b7 ,plan ,the ,administrator shall develop a plan1 including a cost estimate1 to achieve an in-space flight test of a nuclear thermal propulsion system within #aj years of the enactment of this ,act4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the plan to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ab months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #fjc4 ,nuclear surface power 7a7 ,sense of congress ,developing lightweight fission reactors systems is critical for generating sufficient power to run systems that enable long-term presence1 robotic or human1 in space4 ,it is the sense of ,congress that ,,nasa should continue developing kilopower technology4 7b7 ,program ,the ,administrator shall establish a program for research1 testing1 and development of a space surface power reactor design4 7c7 ,plan ,,nasa shall develop a plan and timeline for a kilopower program taking into consideration mission needs and shall include opportunities for participation by ,united ,states commercial entities4 7d7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit plan to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ab months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #fjd4 ,review of flight opportunities program 7a7 ,review ,the ,comptroller ,general shall carry out a review of the ,flight ,opportunities ,program to assess-- 7#a7 the goals and objectives of the program1 and the basis for those goals and objectives2 7#b7 the extent to which the program goals and objectives have changed over time since the establishment of the program1 and the rationale for such changes2 7#c7 the performance measurements ,,nasa has established to oversee progress toward meeting the goals and objectives of the program2 7#d7 the activities conducted and level of resources provided to date toward meeting the goals2 7#e7 the basis for the resource requirements2 7#f7 the extent to which ,,nasa is using the results of the flight opportunities research activities to advance the agency's strategic goals2 7#g7 the challenges in achieving program objectives2 and 7#h7 the factors that should be considered in evaluating whether the program1 as structured and funded1 could be expanded to include science and education projects1 and any potential implications of such an expansion4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the report in subsection 7a7 shall be transmitted to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #fje4 ,sense of ,congress on optical communications ,it is the sense of ,congress that advances in interplanetary communications are an essential enabler for future robotic and human exploration1 and that optical communications can provide increased bandwidth at farther distances with greater accuracy and speed than radio frequency transmissions4 ,optical communications involve opportunities and challenges that can transform scientific investigations in space and support deep space human exploration operations that will require broadband communications with ,earth4 ,in addition1 optical communications systems are lighter1 more compact and use less power than radio frequency communications1 and the ,government's investment in advancing optical communications also has the potential to offer significant benefits to the private sector and future space commerce4 #fjf4 ,propulsion testing facilities 7a7 ,sense of congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,administration's development of next generation in-space and electric propulsion will help enable the ,nation's goal of sending humans to ,mars1 especially for use in emplacing the cargo and infrastructure necessary to support human activities at ,mars4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that additional testing capabilities may be needed to support research and development on in-space propulsion and that such facilities could serve government1 industry1 and university work on maturing in-space propulsion development work4 7b7 ,needs assessment ,the ,administrator shall carry out a needs assessment for facilities and technical capabilities required to support advanced research and development on in-space propulsion1 including high-power electric propulsion devices and ground-based testing of a full-scale1 full-power nuclear thermal engine4 ,the assessment should consider the potential development of facilities that will support long-term research and development of in-space propulsion systems4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the assessment to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #fjg4 ,in-space satellite servicing and assembly 7a7 ,,restore-,l ,the ,administrator shall continue development of ,,restore-,l technologies and capabilities for a planned on-orbit demonstration to refuel the ,landsat #g spacecraft4 7b7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall carry out an assessment of in-space assembly and servicing technologies1 the potential uses of those technologies1 and related issues4 ,the assessment shall include-- 7#a7 the capabilities1 technological readiness levels1 and relevant applications of the ,administration's existing in-space servicing and assembly technology across directorates and divisions2 7#b7 the projected requirements for in-space satellite servicing and assembly and the research and development1 other than that being conducted under subsection 7b71 needed to address the requirements2 7#c7 the potential advantages of incorporating in-space assembly and servicing into spacecraft design1 construction1 and operations2 7#d7 a determination of any areas of overlap or alignment among ,administration directorates and divisions of current capabilities and potential enabling technologies for in-space servicing and assembly2 7#e7 a description of the criteria1 information needed in order to develop criteria1 that could be used in determining whether in-space servicing and assembly could increase the capabilities1 mitigate risks1 reduce the costs1 or otherwise benefit a given mission or project2 7#f7 a comparison of the relative opportunities and challenges of human versus robotic assembly and servicing1 taking into account prior and current servicing activities2 7#g7 a description of ways in which the ,administration could partner with the private sector or otherwise use available private sector in-space satellite servicing and assembly services2 and 7#h7 a description of the approaches the ,administration is taking to ensure that the project under subsection 7a7 does not involve competition with the private sector and does not preclude the development of commercial capabilities for in-space satellite servicing and assembly4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the results of the ,assessment in subsection 7c7 shall be transmitted to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #fjh4 ,parachute systems research and development ,it is the sense of ,congress that parachute design1 development1 and performance is essential for the safety and success of both robotic and human spaceflight systems1 including the ,orion crew vehicle1 capsules being developed under the ,commercial ,crew ,program1 as well as some robotic spacecraft that are to be landed on solar system bodies4 ,it is the further sense of ,congress that the risks and complexities involved in parachute systems warrant additional research and development that could benefit both internal development programs and those of ,united ,states industry partners4 ,the ,administrator should strongly consider supporting research and development on parachute systems for the purposes of contributing to the overall safety and success of ,united ,states robotic and human spaceflight systems4 ,,vii ,science1 ,technology1 ,engineering1 and ,mathematics ,education #gja4 ,office of ,,stem engagement 7a7 ,sense of the congress ,it is the sense of the ,congress that ,,nasa's inspiring mission1 specialized facilities1 skilled engineering and scientific workforce1 and research activities present unique opportunities for inspiring public engagement in ,,stem and increasing the number of students pursuing ,,stem degrees and careers4 7b7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall establish an ,office of ,,stem ,engagement for the purpose of advancing progress toward the ,nation's ,federal ,,stem education goals for enhancing ,,stem literacy1 increasing diversity1 equity1 and inclusion in ,,stem1 and preparing the ,,stem workforce for the future4 7c7 ,responsibilities ,the ,office established in subsection 7b7 shall be responsible for coordinating efforts to administer and support evidence-based formal and informal education programs1 research experiences1 and related activities among organizations across the agency1 including ,,nasa headquarters1 ,mission ,directorates1 and ,centers1 to administer and support evidence-based formal and informal education programs1 research experiences1 and related activities designed to-- 7#a7 create unique opportunities for students and the public to learn from and contribute to ,,nasa's work in exploration and discovery2 7#b7 contribute to the growth of a diverse ,,stem workforce2 and 7#c7 strengthen public understanding of science by enabling connections to ,,nasa's mission and work4 7d7 ,portfolio ,the ,office shall coordinate and administer-- 7#a7 the ,national ,space ,grant ,college and ,fellowship ,program2 7#b7 the ,established ,program to ,stimulate ,competitive ,research2 7#c7 the ,minority ,university ,research and ,education ,project2 7#d7 the ,next,gen ,,stem ,project2 and 7#e7 any other programs or activities determined appropriate by the ,administrator4 #gjb4 ,independent review of ,space ,grant 7a7 ,review ,the ,administrator shall make arrangements for an independent external review of the ,national ,space ,grant ,college and ,fellowship ,program to evaluate its management1 accomplishments1 and responsiveness to the purposes and goals defined in ,chapter #djc of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7b7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a report on the independent external review of the ,national ,space ,grant ,college and ,fellowship ,program described in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 ,,viii ,safety1 ,support1 and ,mission ,services #hja4 ,policy and procedure 7a7 ,policy and procedure ,the ,administrator shall develop an ,administration policy and procedure for assessment every #c to #e years of the ,administration's strategic capabilities1 including infrastructure and facilities1 and workforce skills and capabilities4 ,the policy and procedure shall include acquiring data and support for ,administration decisions and recommendations on strategic capabilities1 including on infrastructure and facilities1 and workforce skills and capabilities needed to support the ,administration's goals and objectives through #bjdj4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the policy and procedure in subsection 7a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #hjb4 ,monitoring millimeter-sized orbital debris 7a7 ,report ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a report to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate on-- 7#a7 the risks of millimeter-sized and larger orbital debris objects to ,,nasa orbiting assets and space activities2 and 7#b7 the gaps in monitoring of millimeter-sized orbital debris data1 orbital debris object sizes of #b-aj centimeters1 and orbital debris objects larger than #aj centimeters2 7#c7 an identification of options to address any identified risks and gaps2 and 7#d7 a recommended option for further analysis and potential implementation4 #hjc4 ,planetary protection strategic plan 7a7 ,strategic plan ,the ,administrator shall develop a strategic plan for the ,administration's planetary protection policy1 research1 and development activities4 7b7 ,inclusion ,the strategic plan shall include the ,administration's approach to-- 7#a7 managing planetary protection policy implementation2 7#b7 organizing and receiving input from independent1 external experts on planetary protection2 7#c7 understanding the application of planetary protection to cubesats2 7#d7 setting planetary protection research and technology investment priorities1 including on planetary protection techniques and measures for verifying compliance with planetary protection guidelines2 and 7#e7 coordinating the strategic plan and any planetary protection issues related to sample return and human missions to ,mars in the ,administration's robotic and human solar system exploration activities1 as informed by the ,national ,academies report1 ,review and ,assessment of ,planetary ,protection ,policy ,development ,processes4 7c7 ,transmittal ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the ,strategic ,plan in subsection 7a7 and to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 ,,ix ,construction and ,environmental ,compliance and ,restoration #ija4 ,data collection on cost benefits to the ,administration of use of enhanced-use leasing 7a7 ,data collection ,the ,administrator shall establish and follow a means to collect quantitative data on-- 7#a7 the annual and cumulative number of enhanced-use leases entered into2 7#b7 the annual and cumulative costs savings to the ,administration on reduced maintenance1 operating1 and associated costs resulting from entering into enhanced-use leases at ,,nasa ,centers2 and 7#c7 other quantifiable benefits to the ,administration of the use of enhanced-use leasing authority4 7b7 ,inclusion ,the data collected in subsection 7a7 shall be included the annual report required under section #bjade7;f7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 #ijb4 ,report on enhanced-use leasing requirements ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall prepare and transmit a report to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate on requirements for enhanced-use leasing applicants1 including requirements related to the involvement of foreign entities1 foreign entity ownership1 and foreign entity investment in the entities applying for enhanced-use leases4 #ijc4 ,report on current and anticipated effects of climate change and extreme weather on agency infrastructure and facilities 7a7 ,report ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on vulnerabilities of ,administration facilities and infrastructure resulting from climate change and extreme weather events over the next #bj years4 7b7 ,contents ,the assessment shall include-- 7#a7 an identification of existing facilities and infrastructure vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather events based on the effects of sea level rise1 increased flooding1 drought1 desertification1 wildfires1 thawing permafrost1 increases in heavy precipitation events1 and any other categories the ,administrator deems necessary2 7#b7 a description of the potential impacts to facilities and infrastructure identified in paragraph 7#a72 7#c7 an overview of measures that may be necessary to ensure the continued operational viability and to increase the resiliency of the identified vulnerable facilities and infrastructure and the cost of such measures2 and 7#d7 considerations and recommendations for policies and practices for future ,administration facilities and infrastructure design1 construction1 and operation that would promote resilience to changing environmental conditions and extreme weather events4 7c7 ,consideration and incorporation of reliable and authorized sources ,in conducting the assessment1 the ,administrator shall consider and incorporate climate change impacts1 projections and analyses from reliable and authorized sources1 such as the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 the ,u4,s4 ,global ,change ,research ,office and ,national ,climate ,assessment1 and the ,administration's ,earth ,science ,division4 ,x ,general ,provisions #ajja4 ,space situational awareness and orbital debris mitigation 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator is authorized to carry out activities1 including research and development1 orbital debris measurement1 tracking1 modeling1 mitigation1 remediation1 conjunction analysis1 and collision avoidance1 for the purposes of maintaining the safety of the ,administration's human spaceflight crew and spacecraft operations and for advancing the understanding of practical approaches to ensuring the sustainability of the space environment for the future of civil and commercial activities in space4 7b7 ,research and technology strategy ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with other relevant ,federal agencies1 academia1 and industry1 shall develop a research and technology strategy for advancing the ,nation's capability for conducting space situational awareness and orbital debris mitigation activities4 ,the strategy shall identify and prioritize-- 7#a7 basic and applied research to improve object identification1 orbit determination1 object characterization1 data cataloguing1 and orbit propagation tracking and prediction2 7#b7 technology development and demonstrations needed to further the activities identified in subsection 7a72 7#c7 specific research and technology activities regarding small satellite constellations1 projections for debris production by small satellite constellations1 and potential means for the prevention of debris by such constellations2 7#d7 other relevant research and technology activities that have the potential to materially improve the ,nation's understanding and capabilities in space situational awareness and orbital debris mitigation2 7#e7 mechanisms to coordinate and transition basic and applied research on space situational awareness into space situational awareness operations2 and 7#f7 methods for communicating the research and technology activities in paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#d7 to external stakeholders4 7c7 ,transmittal ,the ,administrator shall transmit the ,strategy in subsection 7b7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ajjb4 ,international framework on active orbital debris removal 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in consultation with other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall carry out international discussions and capacity-building activities on orbital debris removal1 including active satellite debris removal1 for the purposes of making progress toward international guidelines on orbital debris removal1 including active satellite debris removal4 7b7 ,inclusion ,the international discussions and capacity-building activities in subsection 7a7 shall identify-- 7#a7 opportunities for shared responsibilities for orbital debris removal2 7#b7 legal issues related to international responsibilities for orbital debris removal1 including active satellite debris removal2 and 7#c7 research and technology developments being carried out by national entities4 7c7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit a report to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate on the status of international discussions and capacity-building activities in subsection 7a71 including the status of progress toward the development of international guidelines under subsection 7a74 #ajjc4 ,safety and technical risks of active debris removal 7a7 ,report ,the ,administrator shall identify safety and technical risks associated with active debris removal that would need to be addressed in active debris removal operations of the ,administration's assets and provide report on the identified safety and technical risks to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ajjd4 ,independent program analysis and evaluation office 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall establish within ,,nasa an independent program analysis and evaluation capability for the purposes of independently assessing program performance1 making programmatic1 technical risk mitigation and institutional recommendations1 performing cost estimates and analyses1 and conducting strategic planning activities1 among other functions4 7b7 ,establishment ,the ,administrator shall establish an ,independent ,program ,analysis and ,evaluation ,office to carry out the functions in subsection 7a74 ,the ,office shall remain independent of any ,program1 and shall have no programmatic responsibilities so as to maintain its independent assessment integrity4 7c7 ,authorization ,the ,administrator is authorized to carry out research on program assessment2 cost1 schedule1 and technical estimation2 and other relevant functions for the purposes of obtaining the highest level of expertise and the most effective decision-making tools with which to inform the ,administrator4 7d7 ,moon to mars program ,the ,office established in subsection 7b7 shall maintain an ongoing1 focused effort to assess the goals1 objectives1 requirements1 architectural approach1 cost and schedule1 and progress of the ,moon to ,mars ,program established under section #bjb4 #ajje4 ,report on use of the term commercial in ,,nasa activities ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report on the definitions of commercial being used across the ,administration4 #ajjf4 ,supply chain and supplier base 7a7 ,review ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with industry and other ,federal agencies1 shall carry out a review of the health of the supply chain and supplier base for critical materials1 parts1 and systems used in the manufacturing and production of development systems1 spacecraft1 instruments1 and other relevant elements and shall provide recommendations to address any identified vulnerabilities4 7b7 ,transmittal ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the review1 including any recommended actions in response to the review1 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 #ajjg4 ,use of operational commercial suborbital vehicles for research1 development1 and education 7a7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall conduct an assessment of the issues and risks related to the potential use of operational commercial reusable suborbital flight vehicles for carrying out potential ,,nasa-sponsored science and engineering investigations1 technology demonstrations1 and educational activities involving ,,nasa-sponsored researchers4 ,the report shall-- 7#a7 characterize the risks of using potential commercial reusable suborbital flights to ,,nasa-sponsored researchers and scientific investigations and flight hardware2 7#b7 identify and describe the ,united ,states ,government and space flight operator responsibilities for liability and indemnification with respect to commercial suborbital vehicle flights that involve ,,nasa-sponsored payloads or activities1 potential ,,nasa-supported space flight participants1 or other ,,nasa-related contributions2 and 7#c7 identify any statutory provisions that may be required to authorize and enforce the liability and indemnification responsibilities described in paragraph 7#b74 7b7 ,transmittal ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall transmit the plan and assessment described in subsections 7a7 and 7b7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate4 #ajjh4 ,the space capabilities of the ,people's ,republic of ,china 7a7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,national ,space ,council shall coordinate an interagency assessment of the space exploration capabilities of the ,people's ,republic of ,china1 including any threats to ,united ,states assets in space as well as the impact of cooperation and participation of the ,people's ,republic of ,china with other nations on space activities4 7b7 ,strategy ,the report required in subsection 7a7 shall include a strategy to ensure ,united ,states leadership in space exploration and counter any identified threats posed by the ,people's ,republic of ,china4 7c7 ,classified annex ,the report identified in subsection 7a7 may include a classified annex4 #ajji4 ,spectrum interference 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall conduct an assessment of the impact of the loss of observations based on protection limits derived from the ,word ,radio ,conference #ai 7,,wrc#ai7 international agreement4 7b7 ,transmittal ,the assessment conducted in subsection 7a7 shall be delivered to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #ajaj4 ,reports to ,congress 7a7 ,in general ,chapter #cja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #cjaje4 ,reports to ,congress ,any report or notification provided to ,congress by ,,nasa1 including on the status of balances of funding at the account level and on cost increases of #aj percent or more1 shall be provided the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate concurrently with its delivery to any other committee or office4 4 7b7 ,conforming amendment ,the table of sections for chapter #cja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding after the item relating to section #cjajd the following3 #cjaje4 ,reports to ,congress4 4 #ajaa4 ,general accountability office report on large-scale programs1 projects1 and activities ,section #cjajd7;c7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7#d7 ,,gao report ,the ,,gao shall issue an annual report on the status of large-scale the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration's major programs1 programs1 projects and activities4 7#e7 ,schedule ,the report directed in this subsection shall be delivered to the ,congress annually and in advance of the annual budget submission of the ,president4 7#f7 ,access ,the ,administrator is directed to cooperate fully and to provide timely program analysis1 evaluation data and relevant information to the ,,gao so that it can conduct this review and meet the annual schedule4 ,such information includes1 but is not limited to1 copies of preliminary cost estimates1 access to relevant online agency applications1 databases1 and web portals1 and access to information from contractor and agency personnel4 4 #ajab4 ,,nasa institutes 7a7 ,in general ,section #cjajc7;a7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by striking and at the end of paragraph 7#e72 7#b7 by redesignating paragraph 7#f7 as paragraph 7#g72 and 7#c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#e7 the following3 7#f7 the budget for each ,,nasa-funded institute2 and 4 7b7 ,report ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall deliver to the ,authorizing ,committees of ,congress1 a report that recommends guidance and metrics for the management1 utilization1 expectations for return on investment1 and financial condition for ,,nasa-funded institutes4 #ajac4 ,surveys on the industrial base of the ,united ,states 7a7 ,in general ,chapter #cae of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #cjejf4 ,industrial base surveys ,no funds may be obligated or expended by the ,administrator of ,,nasa for the purpose of carrying out a ,bureau of ,industry and ,security survey with respect to the ,united ,states space and aerospace industrial base until the date that is #ij days after the date on which the ,administrator submits to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a written notification that includes-- 7#a7 the proposed subject matter of such survey2 7#b7 a description of the information to be required of survey respondents2 and 7#c7 any penalties to be assessed against respondents for noncompliance with survey requirements4 4 7b7 ,conforming amendment ,the table of sections for chapter #cae of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding after the item relating to section #cjeje the following3 #cjejf4 ,industrial base surveys4 4 #ajad4 ,budgets ,section #cjajc7;a77#a77;,a7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by striking space shuttle and inserting ,commercial ,crew and ,commercial ,cargo4