,i #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,h4 ,r4 #ebfj ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,november #bb1 #bjai,mr4 ,perlmutter 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,brooks of ,alabama1 and ,ms4 ,johnson of ,texas7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology1 and in addition to the ,committees on ,armed ,services1 and ,natural ,resources1 for a period to be subsequently determined by the ,speaker1 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned ,a ,,bill ,to improve understanding and forecasting of space weather1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,promoting ,research and ,observations of ,space ,weather to ,improve the ,forecasting of ,tomorrow ,act or the ,,proswift ,act4 #b4 ,space weather 7a7 ,policy ,it shall be the policy of the ,united ,states to prepare and protect against the social and economic impacts of space weather phenomena by supporting actions to improve space weather forecasts and predictions including3 sustaining and enhancing critical observations1 identifying research needs and promoting opportunities for research to operations and operations to research collaborations both within and outside of the ,federal ,government1 advancing space weather models1 engaging with all sectors of the space weather community including academia and the commercial sector1 and understanding the needs of space weather end users4 7b7 ,amendment to title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code ,subtitle ,,vi of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding after chapter #fje the following3 #fjf ,space ,weather #fjfja4 ,space weather4 #fjfjb4 ,integrated strategy4 #fjfjc4 ,sustaining and advancing critical space weather observations4 #fjfjd4 ,research activities4 #fjfje4 ,space weather data4 #fjfjf4 ,space weather knowledge transfer and information exchange4 #fjfjg4 ,space weather benchmarks4 #fjfja4 ,space weather 7a7 ,findings 7#a7 ,space weather ,congress makes the following findings with respect to space weather3 7,a7 ,space weather phenomena pose a significant threat to ground-based and space-based critical infrastructure1 modern technological systems1 and humans working in space4 7,b7 ,the effects of severe space weather on the electric power grid1 satellites and satellite communications and information1 aviation operations1 astronauts living and working in space1 and space-based position1 navigation1 and timing systems could have significant societal1 economic1 national security1 and health impacts4 7,c7 ,space-based and ground-based observations provide crucial data necessary to understand1 forecast1 and prepare for space weather events4 7,d7 ,clear roles and accountability of ,federal departments and agencies are critical for efficient and effective response to threats posed by space weather4 7,e7 ,space weather observation and forecasting are essential for the success of human and robotic space exploration4 7,f7 ,in ,october #bjae1 the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council published a ,national ,space ,weather ,strategy and a ,national ,space ,weather ,action ,plan seeking to integrate national space weather efforts and add new capabilities to meet increasing demand for space weather information4 7,g7 ,in ,march #bjai1 the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council published an updated ,national ,space ,weather ,strategy and ,action ,plan to enhance the preparedness and resilience of the ,united ,states to space weather4 7#b7 ,role of ,federal agencies ,congress makes the following findings with respect to the role of ,federal agencies on space weather3 7,a7 ,the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration provides operational space weather monitoring and forecasting for civil applications1 maintains ground-based and space-based assets to provide observations needed for space weather forecasting1 prediction1 and warnings1 provides research to support operational responsibilities1 and develops requirements for space weather forecasting technologies and science4 7,b7 ,the ,department of ,defense provides operational space weather research1 monitoring1 and forecasting for the department's unique missions and applications4 7,c7 ,the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration provides increased understanding of the fundamental physics of the ,sun-,earth system through basic research1 space-based observations and modeling1 developing new space-based technologies and missions1 and monitoring of space weather for the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration's space missions4 7,d7 ,the ,national ,science ,foundation provides increased understanding of the ,sun-,earth system through ground-based measurements1 technologies1 and modeling4 7,e7 ,the ,department of the ,interior collects1 distributes1 and archives operational ground-based magnetometer data in the ,united ,states and its territories1 works with the international community to improve global geophysical monitoring1 and develops crustal conductivity models to assess and mitigate risks from space weather induced electric ground currents4 7,f7 ,the ,federal ,aviation ,administration provides operational requirements for space weather services in support of aviation and for coordination of these requirements with the ,international ,civil ,aviation ,organization1 and integrates space weather data and products into the ,next ,generation ,air ,transportation ,system4 7b7 ,space weather disturbance defined ,in this chapter1 the term space weather disturbance includes geo-electric fields1 ionizing radiation1 ionospheric disturbances1 solar radio bursts1 and upper atmosphere expansion4 7c7 ,coordination by ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall-- 7#a7 coordinate the development and implementation of ,federal ,government activities conducted with respect to space weather to improve the ability of the ,united ,states to prepare for1 avoid1 mitigate1 respond to1 and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather2 and 7#b7 coordinate the activities of the interagency working group on space weather established under subsection 7d74 7d7 ,space weather interagency working group ,the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council shall establish an interagency working group on space weather 7referred to in this section as the interagency working group7 to lead executive branch actions that improve the understanding of and preparation for space weather phenomena1 and coordination of ,federal space weather activities4 7#a7 ,membership ,the following entities shall be members of the interagency working group3 7,a7 ,the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7,b7 ,the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7,c7 ,the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7,d7 ,the ,department of ,defense4 7,e7 ,the ,department of the ,interior4 7,f7 ,such other ,federal ,agencies as the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy deems appropriate4 7#b7 ,interagency agreements ,the members of the interagency working group may enter into one or more interagency agreements providing for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft1 instruments1 technologies1 and research to operations and operations to research in accordance with this chapter4 7#c7 ,international1 academic community1 and commercial sector collaboration ,each ,federal agency participating in the space weather interagency working group established under this subsection shall1 to the extent practicable1 increase engagement and cooperation with the international community1 academic community1 and commercial space weather sector on the observational infrastructure1 data1 and scientific research necessary to advance the monitoring1 forecasting and prediction of and preparation and protection from space weather phenomena4 7e7 ,space ,weather ,advisory ,group 7#a7 ,establishment ,not later than #f months after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 in consultation with other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall establish a space weather advisory group 7in this chapter referred to as the advisory group7 for the purposes of receiving advice from the academic community1 the commercial space weather sector1 and space weather end users that informs the interests and work of the interagency working group4 7,a7 ,composition ,the advisory group shall be composed of not more than #ae members appointed by the interagency working group1 of whom-- 7i7 #e members shall be representatives of the academic community2 7ii7 #e members shall be representatives of the commercial space weather sector2 and 7iii7 #e members shall be nongovernmental representatives of the space weather end user community4 7,b7 ,chair ,not later than #cj days after the date on which the last member of the advisory group is appointed under paragraph 7#b71 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall appoint #a member as the ,chair of the advisory group4 7,c7 ,terms ,the length of the term of each member of the advisory group shall be #c years beginning on the date on which the member is appointed4 7,d7 ,term limits 7i7 ,in general ,a member of the advisory group may not serve on the advisory group for more than #b consecutive terms4 7ii7 ,chair ,a member of the advisory group may not serve as the ,chair of the advisory group for more than #b terms1 regardless of whether the terms are consecutive4 7#b7 ,duties ,the advisory group shall advise the interagency working group on the following3 7,a7 ,facilitating advances in the space weather enterprise of the ,united ,states4 7,b7 ,improving the ability of the ,united ,states to prepare for1 mitigate1 respond to1 and recover from space weather events4 7,c7 ,enabling the coordination and facilitation of research-to-operations and operations-to-research1 as described in section #fjfjd7;d74 7,d7 ,developing and implementing the integrated strategy under section #fjfjb including subsequent updates and reevaluations4 7#c7 ,user survey 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #f months after the establishment of the advisory group1 the advisory group shall conduct a comprehensive survey of the needs of users of space weather products to identify the space weather research1 observations1 forecasting1 prediction1 and modeling advances required to improve space weather products4 7,b7 ,survey considerations ,the survey conducted under subparagraph 7,a7 shall-- 7i7 assess the adequacy of current ,federal ,government goals for lead time1 accuracy1 coverage1 timeliness1 data rate1 and data quality for space weather observations and forecasting2 7ii7 identify options and methods to1 in consultation with the academic community and the commercial space weather sector1 improve upon the advancement of the goals described in clause 7i72 7iii7 identify opportunities for collection of new data to address the needs of the space weather user community2 7iv7 identify methods to increase coordination of space weather research-to-operations and operations-to-research2 7v7 identify opportunities for new technologies1 research1 and instrumentation to aid in research1 understanding1 monitoring1 modeling1 prediction1 forecasting1 and warning of space weather2 and 7vi7 identify methods and technologies to improve preparedness for potential space weather phenomena4 7,c7 ,coordination with agencies ,in carrying out the requirements of this subsection1 the advisory group shall communicate and coordinate with the interagency working group to ensure the needs of the governmental space weather user community are adequately and appropriately identified by the survey under subparagraph 7,a74 7,d7 ,briefing to ,congress ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the advisory group shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a briefing on the survey results4 7,e7 ,publication ,within #cj days of the briefing to ,congress1 the advisory group shall make the results of the comprehensive survey conducted under subparagraph 7,a7 publicly available4 7,f7 ,reevaluation ,the advisory group shall review and assess the comprehensive survey not less than every #c years and update1 resubmit1 and republish the survey in accordance with the requirements of subparagraph 7,d7 and 7,e74 7#d7 ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act ,section #ad of the ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app47 shall not apply to the advisory group4 #fjfjb4 ,integrated strategy 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 in collaboration with the interagency working group and upon the advice of the advisory group1 shall develop a strategy for coordinated observation of space weather among members of the interagency working group 7in this chapter1 referred to as the integrated strategy74 ,the integrated strategy shall identify-- 7#a7 observations and measurements that must be sustained beyond the lifetime of current ground-based and space-based assets1 as described in section #fjfjc of this ,act that are essential for space weather research1 models1 forecasting1 and prediction2 7#b7 new observations and measurements that may significantly improve space weather forecasting and prediction2 and 7#c7 plans for follow-on space-based observations under section #fjfjc7;g74 7b7 ,considerations ,in developing the integrated strategy in subsection 7a71 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall consider1 as appropriate the following3 7#a7 ,potential contributions of commercial solutions1 prize authority1 academic and international partnerships1 microsatellites1 small satellite options1 ground-based instruments1 and hosted payloads for observations identified in section #fjfjb7;a77#b74 7#b7 ,work conducted before the date of the enactment of this ,act by the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council with respect to space weather4 7#c7 ,the user survey from section #fjfja7;e74 7#d7 ,any relevant recommendations from the most recent ,national ,research ,council's ,decadal ,strategy for ,solar and ,space ,physics 7,heliophysics74 7c7 ,review of ,integrated ,strategy 7#a7 ,review ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 in consultation with ,federal agencies participating in the interagency working group1 shall enter into an agreement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to review the integrated strategy developed in this section4 7#b7 ,considerations ,the review from paragraph 7#a7 shall also consider the current state1 capability1 and feasibility of the commercial space weather sector to provide new and supplemental observations and measurements that may significantly improve space weather forecasting and prediction4 7#c7 ,transmittal ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy and the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall transmit the ,integrated ,strategy and the results of the review required under paragraph 7#a7 to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology in the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate not later than #ah months from the enactment of this ,act4 ,the ,integrated ,strategy and its review shall be made publicly available within #cj days of submittal to ,congress4 7d7 ,implementation plan ,not later than #f months after delivery of the review of the ,integrated ,strategy in subsection 7c71 the interagency working group shall develop a plan to implement the ,integrated ,strategy1 including an estimate of the cost and schedule required for implementation4 7e7 ,reevaluation ,the ,director1 in collaboration with the interagency working group1 shall update the integrated strategy not later than six months after the reevaluation of the user survey from section #fjfja7;e77#b77;,e7 in accordance with the requirements of subsections 7a7 through 7d74 #fjfjc4 ,sustaining and advancing critical space weather observations 7a7 ,policy ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states to-- 7#a7 establish and sustain a baseline capability for space weather observations and to make such observations and data publicly available2 and 7#b7 obtain enhanced space weather observations1 as practicable1 to advance forecasting and prediction capability1 as informed by the ,integrated ,strategy in section #fjfjb4 7b7 ,sustaining baseline space-,based observational capabilities 7#a7 ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration shall1 in cooperation with the ,european ,space ,agency and other international and interagency partners1 maintain operations of the ,solar and ,heliospheric ,observatory_/,large ,angle and ,spectrometric ,coronagraph 7referred to in this section as ,,soho_/,,lasco7 for as long as the satellite continues to deliver quality observations4 7#b7 ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration shall prioritize the reception of ,,soho_/,,lasco data4 7#c7 ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall maintain current space-based observational assets including but not limited to the ,geostationary ,operational ,environmental ,satellites 7referred to in this section as ,,goes7 system1 and the ,deep ,space ,climate ,observatory 7referred to in this section as ,,dscovr74 7c7 ,back-,up space-,based observational capability ,the ,administrators of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,defense1 shall work with ,federal and international partners in order to secure reliable backup capability for near real-time coronal mass ejection imagery1 solar wind1 solar imaging1 coronal imagery1 and other relevant observations required to provide space weather forecasts4 7d7 ,sustaining ground-,based observational capability ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,director of the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 the ,secretary of the ,air ,force1 and1 where practicable in support of the ,air ,force1 the ,secretary of the ,navy shall each-- 7#a7 maintain and improve ground-based observations of the ,sun to help meet the needs identified in the ,user ,survey from section #fjfja7;e77#c72 and 7#b7 continue to provide space weather data through ground-based facilities1 including radars1 lidars1 magnetometers1 radio receivers1 aurora and airglow imagers1 spectrometers1 interferometers1 and solar observatories4 7e7 ,considerations ,in implementing subsections 7b71 7c71 and 7d71 the ,administrators of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the ,directors of the ,national ,science ,foundation and ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 and the ,secretaries of the ,air ,force and the ,navy shall prioritize cost-effective and reliable solutions4 7f7 ,ground-,based observational data ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall-- 7#a7 make available to the public key data streams from the platforms facilities described in subsection 7e7 for research and to the support of space weather model development2 7#b7 develop experimental models for scientific purposes2 and 7#c7 support the transition of the experimental models to operations where appropriate4 7g7 ,enhanced space-,based observations ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,defense1 should develop options to build and deploy space-based observational capabilities that may improve space weather measurements and observations4 ,these supplemental observational capabilities could include commercial solutions1 prize authority1 academic partnerships1 microsatellites1 ground-based instruments1 and opportunities to deploy the instrument or instruments as a secondary payload on an upcoming planned launch4 #fjfjd4 ,research activities 7a7 ,basic research ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and the ,secretary of ,defense1 shall-- 7#a7 continue to carry out basic research on heliophysics1 geospace science1 and space weather2 and 7#b7 support competitive1 peer-reviewed proposals for conducting research1 advancing modeling1 and monitoring of space weather and its impacts1 including the science goals outlined in decadal surveys in solar and space physics conducted by the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine4 7b7 ,multidisciplinary research 7#a7 ,findings ,congress finds that the multidisciplinary nature of solar and space physics creates funding challenges that require coordination across scientific disciplines and ,federal agencies4 7#b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that science centers could coordinate multidisciplinary solar and space physics research4 ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation should support competitively awarded grants for multidisciplinary science centers that advance solar and space physics research including research to operations and operations to research processes4 7#c7 ,multidisciplinary research ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 and the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 shall each pursue multidisciplinary research in subjects that further the understanding of solar physics1 space physics1 and space weather4 7c7 ,science missions ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration should implement missions that meet the science objectives identified in solar and space physics decadal surveys conducted by the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine4 7d7 ,research to-,operations2 operations to-,research 7#a7 ,in general ,the interagency working group shall1 upon consideration of the advice of the advisory group1 develop formal mechanisms to-- 7,a7 transition ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 ,national ,science ,foundation1 ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 and other relevant ,federal agencies space weather research findings1 models1 and capabilities1 as appropriate1 to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and the ,department of ,defense2 7,b7 enhance coordination between research modeling centers and forecasting centers2 and 7,c7 communicate ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and ,department of ,defense operational needs of space weather forecasters1 as appropriate1 to the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,national ,science ,foundation and ,united ,states ,geological ,survey4 #fjfje4 ,space weather data 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall continue to-- 7#a7 make space weather related data obtained for scientific research purposes available to space weather forecasters and operations centers2 and 7#b7 support model development and model applications to space weather forecasting4 7b7 ,research ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall make space weather related data obtained from operational forecasting available for research4 #fjfjf4 ,space weather knowledge transfer and information exchange ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 in collaboration with the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to establish a ,space ,weather ,government-,academic-,commercial ,roundtable to facilitate communication and knowledge transfer among ,government participants in the space weather interagency working group established under section #fjfja7;d71 the academic community1 and the commercial space weather sector to-- 7#a7 facilitate advances in space weather prediction and forecasting2 7#b7 increase coordination of space weather research-to-operations and operations-to-research2 and 7#c7 improve preparedness for potential space weather events4 #fjfjg4 ,space weather benchmarks 7a7 ,in general ,the space weather interagency working group established under section #fjfja7;d7 shall periodically review and update the benchmarks described in the report of the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council entitled1 ,space ,weather ,phase #a ,benchmarks and dated ,june #bjah1 as necessary1 based on-- 7#a7 any significant new data or advances in scientific understanding that become available2 or 7#b7 the evolving needs of entities impacted by space weather disturbances4 7b7 ,technical and conforming amendment ,section #hji of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahchh7 and the item relating to that section in the table of contents under section #a7;b7 of that ,act 7#abd ,stat4 #bhjf7 are repealed4 4 7c7 ,technical and conforming amendment ,the table of chapters of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding after the item relating to chapter #fje the following3 #fjf4 ,space ,weather 4