#aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 ,r4 
#ejb  ,,an ,,act  ,to require !         
,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to 
c>ry out a /udy on h[ virtual curr5cies 
& onl9e m>ketplaces are us$ to buy1     
sell1 or facilitate ! f9anc+ ( goods or 
s]vices associat$ ) sex traffick+ or    
drug traffick+1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4  
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,fight ,illicit ,networks & ,detect     
,traffick+ ,act or ! ,,f9d ,traffick+   
,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress f9ds !   
foll[+3  7#a7 ,accord+ to ! ,drug       
,en=cem5t ,adm9i/ration 7,,dea7 #bjag   
,national ,drug ,?reat ,assessm5t1      
transnational crim9al organizations are 
increas+ly us+ virtual curr5cies4  7#b7 
,9 its #bjae ,national ,money ,laund]+  
,risk ,assessm5t1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( !       
,treasury conclud$3 ,! developm5t (     
virtual curr5cies is an attempt to meet 
a legitimate m>ket dem&4 ,accord+ to a  
,f$]al ,res]ve ,bank ( ,*icago economi/1
 ,unit$ ,/ates consum]s want paym5t     
options t are v]satile & t provide      

imm$iate f9ality4 ,no ,unit$ ,/ates     
paym5t me?od meets t description1 al?\gh
 ca% may come close/4 ,virtual curr5cies
 c mimic ca%'s imm$iate f9ality &       
anonymity & are m v]satile ?an ca% =    
onl9e & cross-bord] transactions1 mak+  
virtual curr5cies vuln]able = illicit   
transactions44  7#c7 ,virtual curr5cies 
h become a prom95t me?od to pay = goods 
& s]vices associat$ ) illegal sex       
traffick+ & drug traffick+1 :i* are two 
( ! mo/ detrim5tal & tr\bl+ illegal     
activities facilitat$ by onl9e          
m>ketplaces4  7#d7 ,onl9e m>ketplaces1  
includ+ ! d>k web1 h become a prom95t   
plat=m to buy1 sell1 & adv]tise =       
illicit goods & s]vices associat$ ) sex 
traffick+ & drug traffick+4  7#e7       
,accord+ to ! ,int]national ,lab\r      
,organization1 9 #bjaf1 #d4h million p 9
 ! _w 7 victims ( =c$ sexual            
exploitation1 & 9 #bjad1 ! global pr(it 
f comm]cial sexual exploitation 0 #ii   
billion4  7#f7 ,9 #bjaf1 )9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 ! ,c5t] = ,disease ,control     

e/imat$ t !re 7 #fd1jjj dea?s relat$ to 
drug ov]dose1 & ! mo/ sev]e increase 9  
drug ov]doses 7 ^? associat$ ) f5tanyl &
 f5tanyl analogs 7syn!tic opioids71 :i* 
am\nt$ to ov] #bj1jjj ov]dose dea?s4    
7#g7 ,accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates        
,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury #bjae ,national 
,money ,laund]+ ,risk ,assessm5t1 an    
e/imat$ #fd billion is g5]at$ annually f
 ,unit$ ,/ates drug traffick+ sales4    
7#h7 ,illegal f5tanyl 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
orig9ates prim>ily f ,*9a1 & x is       
readily available to pur*ase ?r\gh onl9e
 m>ketplaces4  #c4 ,,gao ,/udy  7a7     
,/udy requir$ ,! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates %all conduct a /udy on h[ 
virtual curr5cies & onl9e m>ketplaces   
are us$ to facilitate sex & drug        
traffick+4 ,! /udy %all consid]-- 7#a7  
h[ onl9e m>ketplaces1 includ+ ! d>k web1
 are be+ us$ z plat=ms to buy1 sell1 or 
facilitate ! f9anc+ ( goods or s]vices  
associat$ ) sex traffick+ or drug       
traffick+ 7specifically1 opioids &      
syn!tic opioids1 includ+ f5tanyl1       

f5tanyl analogs1 & any precursor        
*emicals associat$ ) manufactur+ f5tanyl
 or f5tanyl analogs7 de/9$ =1 orig9at+  
f1 or )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 h[      
f9ancial paym5t me?ods1 includ+ virtual 
curr5cies & pe]-to-pe] mobile paym5t    
s]vices1 are be+ utiliz$ by onl9e       
m>ketplaces to facilitate ! buy+1 sell+1
 or f9anc+ ( goods & s]vices associat$ )
 sex or drug traffick+ de/9$ =1 orig9at+
 f1 or )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7#c7 h[     
virtual curr5cies are be+ us$ to        
facilitate ! buy+1 sell+1 or f9anc+ (   
goods & s]vices associat$ ) sex or drug 
traffick+1 de/9$ =1 orig9at+ f1 or )9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 an onl9e plat=m is n  
o!rwise involv$2  7#d7 h[ illicit funds 
t h be5 transmitt$ onl9e & ?r\gh virtual
 curr5cies are repatriat$ into ! =mal   
bank+ sy/em ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?r\gh     
money laund]+ or o!r means2  7#e7 !     
p>ticipants 7/ate & non-/ate actors7    
?r\gh\t ! entire supply *a9 t p>ticipate
 9 ! buy+1 sell+1 or f9anc+ ( goods &   
s]vices associat$ ) sex or drug         

traffick+ 7?r\gh onl9e m>ketplaces or   
virtual curr5cies7 de/9$ =1 orig9at+ f1 
or )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7#f7 ,f$]al &   
,/ate ag5cy ef=ts to imp$e ! buy+1      
sell+1 or f9anc+ ( goods & s]vices      
associat$ ) sex or drug traffick+ ?r\gh 
onl9e m>ketplaces or virtual curr5cies t
 are de/9$ =1 orig9at+ f1 or )9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 includ+ ef=ts to prev5t !      
proce$s f sex or drug traffick+ f ent]+ 
! ,unit$ ,/ates bank+ sy/em ?r\gh onl9e 
m>ketplaces or virtual curr5cies2 &     
7#g7 to :at ext5t c ! immutable &       
traceable nature ( virtual curr5cies    
contribute to ! track+ & prosecution (  
illicit fund+4  7b7 ,scope ,= ! purposes
 ( ! /udy requir$ "u subsection 7a71 !  
t]m sex traffick+ means ! recruitm5t1   
h>bor+1 transportation1 provision1      
obta9+1 patroniz+1 or solicit+ ( a p]son
 = ! purpose ( a comm]cial sex act t is 
induc$ by =ce1 fraud1 or co]cion1 or 9  
:i* ! p]son induc$ to p]=m su* act has n
 atta9$ #ah ye>s ( age4  7c7 ,report to 
,congress ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date

 ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,comptroll]   
,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all submit to 
! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban 
,affairs ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on   
,f9ancial ,s]vices ( ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives a report summ>iz+ !     
results ( ! /udy requir$ "u subsection  
7a71 toge!r ) any recomm5dations =      
legislative or regulatory action t w\ld 
improve ! ef=ts ( ,f$]al ag5cies to     
imp$e ! use ( virtual curr5cies & onl9e 
m>ketplaces 9 facilitat+ sex & drug     
traffick+4  ,pass$ ! ,h\se (            
,repres5tatives ,janu>y #bh1            
#bjai4;,cl]k4