,,ib  ,union ,cal5d> ,no4 #bhg  #aaf?   
,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 ,r4 #cfbb 
,report ,no4 #aaf-cfb  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se   
,,( ,,repres5tatives  ,july #e1 #bjai   
,ms4 ,tlaib introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i*
 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,f9ancial  
,s]vices  ,decemb] #bc1 #bjai ,report$ )
 an am5dm5t1 committ$ to ! ,committee ( 
! ,:ole ,h\se on ! ,/ate ( ! ,union1 &  
ord]$ to be pr9t$ ,/rike out all aft] ! 
enact+ clause & ins]t ! "p pr9t$ 9      
italic ,= text ( introduc$ bill1 see    
copy ( bill z introduc$ on ,july #e1    
#bjai  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,fair      
,cr$it ,report+ act to re/ore ! impair$ 
cr$it ( victims ( pr$atory activities & 
unfair consum] report+ practices1 to    
exp& access to tools to protect         
vuln]able consum]s f id5tity !ft1 fraud1
 or a relat$ crime1 & protect victims f 
fur!r h>m1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort 
title2 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,re/or+       
,unfairly ,impair$ ,cr$it & ,protect+   
,consum]s ,act4  7b7 ,table ( cont5ts ,!

 table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is z foll[s3
  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table (        
cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #c4    
,effective date4 ,sec4 #d4 ,g5]al       
,bureau rulemak+4 ,title ,i--,re/or+ !  
impair$ cr$it ( victims ( pr$atory      
activities & unfair consum] report+     
practices ,sec4 #aja4 ,%ort5s ! "t p]iod
 t mo/ adv]se cr$it in=mation /ays on   
consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajb4 ,m&ates !  
exp$it$ removal ( fully paid or settl$  
debt f consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajc4     
,imposes re/rictions on ! appe>ance (   
m$ical collections on consum] reports & 
requires ! exp$it$ removal ( fully paid 
or settl$ m$ical collections f consum]  
reports4 ,sec4 #ajd4 ,provides cr$it    
re/oration = victims ( pr$atory mortgage
 l5d+ & s]vic+4 ,sec4 #aje4 ,provides   
cr$it relief = private education loans  
borr[]s :o 7 defraud$ or mislead by     
propriet>y education in/itution or c>e] 
education programs4 ,sec4 #ajf4         
,e/abli%es "r = victims ( f9ancial abuse
 to h adv]se in=mation associat$ ) an   

abus]'s fraudul5t activity remov$ f _!  
consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajg4 ,prohibits 
treatm5t ( cr$it re/oration or          
rehabilitation z adv]se in=mation4      
,title ,,ii--,exp&+ access to tools to  
protect vuln]able consum]s f id5tity    
!ft1 fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 & protect
 victims f fur!r h>m ,sec4 #bja4        
,id5tity !ft report def9ition4 ,sec4    
#bjb4 ,am5dm5t to protection = files &  
cr$it records ( protect$ consum]s4 ,sec4
 #bjc4 ,enhances fraud al]t protections4
 ,sec4 #bjd4 ,am5dm5t to security       
freezes = consum] reports4 ,sec4 #bje4  
,cl>ification ( in=mation to be includ$ 
) ag5cy disclosures4 ,sec4 #bjf4        
,provides access to fraud records =     
victims4 ,sec4 #bjg4 ,requir$ ,bureau to
 set proc$ures = report+ id5tity !ft1   
fraud1 & o!r relat$ crime4 ,sec4 #bjh4  
,e/abli%es ! "r to free cr$it monitor+ &
 id5tity !ft protection s]vices = c]ta9 
consum]s4 ,sec4 #bji4 ,ensures removal (
 inquiries result+ f id5tity !ft1 fraud1
 or o!r relat$ crime f consum] reports4 

,title ,,iii--,miscellane\s ,sec4 #cja4 
,def9itions4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,te*nical      
correction relat$ to risk-bas$ pric+    
notices4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,,fcra f9d+s &     
purpose2 voids c]ta9 contracts n 9 !    
public int]e/4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress    
f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,g5]al f9d+s  7,a7  
,consum] report+ ag5cies 7,c,r,as7 are  
companies t collect1 compile1 & provide 
in=mation ab\t consum]s 9 ! =m ( consum]
 reports = c]ta9 p]missible /atutory    
purposes "u ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act
 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq47 7,,fcra74
 ,! ?ree l>ge/ ,c,r,as 9 ?is c\ntry are 
,equifax1 ,trans,union1 & ,exp]ian4 ,^! 
,c,r,as are ref]r$ to z nationwide      
,c,r,as & ! reports t !y prep>e are     
commonly ref]r$ to z cr$it reports4     
,furni%]s1 su* z cr$itors1 l5d]s1 & debt
 collection ag5cies1 volunt>ily submit  
in=mation to ,c,r,as ab\t _! acc\nts su*
 z ! total am\nt = ea* loan or cr$it    
limit = ea* cr$it c>d & ! consum]'s     
paym5t hi/ory on ^! products4 ,reports  
also include id5tify+ in=mation ab\t a  

consum]1 su* z _! bir?date1 previ\s     
mail+ addresses1 & curr5t & previ\s     
employ]s4  7,b7 ,9 a ,decemb] #bjab     
pap]1 ,key ,dim5sions & ,processes 9 !  
,u4,s4 ,cr$it ,report+ ,sy/em3 ,a review
 = h[ ! nation's l>ge/ cr$it bureaus    
manage consum] data1 ! ,bureau (        
,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection 7,consum]
 ,bureau7 not$ t ! ?ree nationwide      
,c,r,as ma9ta9 cr$it files on           
approximately #bjj million adults &     
receive in=mation f ab\t #aj1jjj        
furni%]s4 ,on a mon?ly basis1 ^!        
furni%]s provide in=mation on ov] #a4c  
billion consum] cr$it acc\nts or o!r    
trade l9es4  7,c7 ,! #aj l>ge/          
in/itutions furni%+ cr$it in=mation to  
ea* ( ! nationwide ,c,r,as acc\nt = m   
?an half ( all acc\nts reflect$ 9       
consum]s' cr$it files4  7,d7 ,consum]   
reports play an increas+ly important    
role 9 ! lives ( ,am]ican consum]s4 ,mo/
 cr$itors1 = example1 review ^! reports 
to make decisions ab\t :e!r to ext5d    
cr$it to consum]s & :at t]ms &          

conditions to (f] !m4 ,z su*1 in=mation 
conta9$ 9 ^! reports affects :e!r a     
p]son is able to get a private education
 loan to pay = college co/s1 to secure a
 mortgage loan to buy a home1 or to     
obta9 a cr$it c>d1 z well z ! t]ms &    
conditions "u :i* consum] cr$it products
 or s]vices are (f]$ to !m4  7,e7 ,cr$it
 reports are also increas+ly us$ = _m   
noncr$it decisions1 includ+ by l&lords  
to det]m9e :e!r to r5t an ap>tm5t to a  
prospective t5ant & by employ]s to      
decide :e!r to hire pot5tial job        
applicants or to (f] a promotion to     
exi/+ employees4  7,f7 ,c,r,as h a      
/atutory obligation to v]ify indep5d5tly
 ! accuracy & complet5ess ( in=mation   
includ$ on ! reports t !y provide4  7,g7
 ,! nationwide ,c,r,as h fail$ to       
e/abli% & foll[ reasonable proc$ures1 z 
requir$ by exi/+ law1 to e/abli% !      
maximum level ( accuracy ( in=mation    
conta9$ on consum] reports4 ,giv5 !     
repeat$ failures ( ^! ,c,r,as to comply 
) accuracy requirem5ts on _! own1       

legislation is int5d$ to provide !m )   
detail$ guidance improv+ ! accuracy &   
complet5ess ( in=mation conta9$ 9       
consum] reports1 includ+ proc$ures1     
policies1 & practices t ^! ,c,r,as %\ld 
already be foll[+ to ensure full        
compliance ) _! exi/+ obligations4  7,h7
 ,! pres5ce ( inaccurate or incomplete  
in=mation on ^! reports c result 9      
sub/antial f9ancial & emotional h>m to  
consum]s4 ,cr$it report+ errors c lead  
to ! loss ( a new employm5t opportunity 
or a d5ial ( a promotion 9 an exi/+ job1
 /op someone f be+ able to access cr$it 
on favorable t]ms1 prev5t a p]son f     
obta9+ r5tal h\s+1 or ev5 trigg] m5tal  
di/ress4  7,i7 ,curr5t indu/ry practices
 impose an unfair burd5 ( pro( on       
consum]s try+ to fix errors on _!       
reports4  7,j7 ,consum] reports conta9+ 
inaccurate or incomplete cr$it in=mation
 also und]m9e ! ability ( cr$itors &    
l5d]s to effectively & accurately       
und]write & price cr$it4  7,k7          
,recogniz+ t cr$it report+ affects !    

lives ( almo/ all consum]s 9 ?is c\ntry 
& t ! consequ5ces ( errors on a consum] 
report c be cata/rophic = a consum]1 !  
,consum] ,bureau began accept+ consum]  
compla9ts ab\t cr$it report+ 9 ,octob]  
#bjab4  7,l7 ,z ( ,febru>y #bjag1 !     
,consum] ,bureau has h&l$ approximately 
#ahe1gag cr$it report+ compla9ts1 mak+  
cr$it report+ consi/5tly ! ?ird         
mo/-compla9$-ab\t subject matt] on :i* !
 ,consum] ,bureau accepts consum]       
compla9ts4  7,m7 ,9 ! ,mon?ly ,compla9t 
,report ,volume #bj1 releas$ 9 ,febru>y 
#bjag1 ! ,consum] ,bureau not$ t #gf    
p]c5t ( cr$it report+ compla9ts involv$ 
incorrect in=mation on reports1 )       
consum]s frequ5tly express+ _!          
fru/rations ab\t ! burd5some &          
"t-consum+ process to disput+ items4    
7,n7 ,o!r common types ( cr$it report+  
compla9ts submitt$ to ! ,consum] ,bureau
 relat$ to ! improp] use ( a report1    
tr\ble obta9+ a report or cr$it score1  
,c,r,as' inve/igations1 & cr$it monitor+
 or id5tity protection4  7,o7 ,9 ! summ]

 #bjae ,sup]visory ,highlights1 !       
,consum] ,bureau not$ t "o or m ( !     
l>ge/ ,c,r,as fail$ to adequately ov]see
 furni%]s to ensure t !y 7 adh]+ to !   
,,cra's vett+ policies & to e/abli%     
prop] proc$ures to v]ify public record  
in=mation4  7,p7 ,accord+ to ! fall     
#bjaf ,sup]visory ,highlights1 ,consum] 
,bureau exam9]s det]m9$ t "o or m debt  
collectors nev] inve/igat$ indirect     
disputes t lack$ detail or 7 n          
accompani$ by atta*m5ts ) relevant      
in=mation f ! consum]4 ,exam9]s also    
f\nd t notifications s5t to consum]s    
ab\t disputes consid]$ frivol\s fail$ to
 id5tify = ! consum]s ! type ( mat]ial t
 !y c\ld provide 9 ord] = ! debt        
collector to complete ! inve/igation ( !
 disput$ item4  7,q7 ,a ,febru>y #bjad  
,consum] ,bureau report titl$ ,cr$it    
,report+ ,compla9t ,snap%ot f\nd t      
consum]s are confus$ ab\t ! ext5t to :i*
 ! nationwide ,c,r,as are requir$ to    
provide !m ) validation & docum5tation (
 a debt t appe>s on _! cr$it report4    

7,r7 ,z evid5ce t ! curr5t sy/em lacks  
suffici5t m>ket inc5tives = ,c,r,as to  
develop m robu/ proc$ures to increase ! 
accuracy & complet5ess ( in=mation on   
cr$it reports1 litigation discov]y      
docum5t$ by ! ,national ,consum] ,law   
,c5t] 7,,nclc71 z "p ( a ,janu>y #bjji  
report titl$1 ,automat$ ,inju/ice3 ,h[ a
 ,me*aniz$ ,dispute ,sy/em ,fru/rates   
,consum]s ,seek+ to ,fix ,errors 9 ,_!  
,cr$it ,reports1 %[$ t at lea/ two ( !  
?ree l>ge/ ,c,r,as use quota sy/ems to  
=ce employees to process disputes ha/ily
 & )\t ! opportunity = conduct+ mean+ful
 inve/igations4 ,at lea/ "o nationwide  
,,cra only all[$ dispute resolution /aff
 five m9utes to h&le a consum]'s call4  
,fur!rmore1 ^! ,c,r,as 7 f\nd to h aw>d$
 bonuses = meet+ quotas & puni%$ ^? :o  
didn't meet production numb]s )         
probation4  7,s7 ,unlike mo/ o!r bus9ess
 relation%ips1 :]e consum]s c regi/] _! 
satisfaction or unhapp9ess ) a p>ticul> 
cr$it product or s]vice simply by tak+  
_! bus9ess else:]e1 consum]s h no say 9 

:e!r _! in=mation is includ$ 9 ! ,c,r,as
 databases & limit$ legal rem$ies to    
hold ! ,c,r,as acc\ntable = inaccuracies
 or poor s]vice4  7,t7 ,accord+ly1      
despite ! exi/+ /atutory m&ate = ,c,r,as
 to foll[ reasonable proc$ures to assure
 ! maximum possible accuracy ( !        
in=mation :5ev] !y prep>e consum]       
reports1 num]\s /udies1 ! high volume ( 
consum] compla9ts submitt$ to ! ,consum]
 ,bureau ab\t incorrect in=mation on    
consum] reports1 & sup]visory activities
 by ! ,consum] ,bureau demon/rate t     
,c,r,as cont9ue to skirt _! obligations 
"u ! law4  7#b7 ,private education loans
  7,a7 ,! ,consum] ,bureau's ,octob]    
#bjad report titl$ ,annual ,report ( !  
,,cfpb ,/ud5t ,loan ,ombudsman not$ _m  
private education loan borr[]s1 :o s\ght
 to negotiate a modifi$ repaym5t plan :5
 !y 7 exp]i5c+ a p]iod ( f9ancial       
di/ress1 7 unable to get assi/ance f _! 
loan hold]s1 :i* (t5 result+ 9 !m       
default+ on _! loans4 ,?is patt]n       
resembles ! difficulty t a significant  

numb] ( mortgage loan borr[]s exp]i5c$  
:5 !y s\ght to take responsible /eps to 
"w ) _! mortgage loan s]vic] to avoid   
=eclosure dur+ ! ,great ,recession4     
7,b7 ,al?\gh private /ud5t loan hold]s  
may all[ a borr[] to po/pone paym5ts    
:ile enroll$ 9 s*ool full-"t1 _m limit  
?is option to a c]ta9 "t p]iod1 usually 
#dh to #ff mon?s4 ,?is limit$ "t p]iod  
may n be suffici5t = ^? :o ne$          
additional "t to obta9 _! degree or :o  
want to cont9ue _! education by purs+ a 
graduate or pr(essional degree4 ,!      
,consum] ,bureau f\nd t borr[]s :o 7    
unable to make paym5ts (t5 default$ or  
_h _! acc\nts s5t to collections be=e !y
 7 ev5 able to graduate4  7#c7          
,deceptive practices at c]ta9 propriet>y
 education in/itutions & c>e] education 
programs  7,a7 ,,nclc cit$ !            
prolif]ation ( law en=cem5t actions     
aga9/ _m =-pr(it s*ools 9 its ,june     
#bjad report1 titl$ ,ensur+ ,educational
 ,integrity3 #aj ,/eps to ,improve ,/ate
 ,ov]sight ( ,=-pr(it ,s*ools1 to       

demon/rate ! p]vasive problem 9 ?is     
sector ( t>get+ l[-income /ud5ts )      
deceptive high-pressure sales te*niques 
involv+ inflat$ job placem5t rates &    
mislead+ data on graduate wages1 & false
 repres5tations ab\t ! transf]ability ( 
cr$its & ! employability ( graduates 9  
occupations t require lic5sure4 ,/ud5t  
loan borr[]s at ^! s*ools may be left ) 
no?+ b wor?less cr$5tials & l>ge debt4  
,^? :o default on _! /ud5t loans face   
ye>s ) damag$ cr$it t w adv]sely impact 
_! ability to r5t or buy homes1 pur*ase 
c>s1 & f9d employm5t4  7,b7 ,! closure &
 bankruptcy ( ,cor9?ian ,colleges1 :i* 0
 f\nd to h deceiv$ /ud5ts by /e]+ !m    
into high-int]e/ /ud5t loans bas$ on    
mislead+ graduation rates & employm5t   
data1 is a good example ( ! problem4    
,ev5 aft] its closure1 _m ,cor9?ian     
/ud5ts rema9$ saddl$ ) /ud5t loan debt1 
wor?less degrees1 & few prospects =     
employm5t4  7,c7 ,att5d+ a two-ye>1     
=-pr(it college co/s1 on av]age1 f\r    
times z mu* z att5d+ a community        

college4 ,/ud5ts at =-pr(it colleges    
repres5t only ab\t #aa p]c5t ( ! total  
high] education population b a />tl+ #dd
 p]c5t ( all ,f$]al /ud5t loan defaults1
 accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( 
,education 7,,doe74  7,d7 ,accord+ to   
,,nclc1 a disproportionate numb] (      
=-pr(it /ud5ts are l[-income & p (      
color4 ,^! s*ools t>get vet]ans1 work+  
p>5ts1 fir/-g5]ation /ud5ts1 &          
non-,engli% speak+ /ud5ts1 :o may be m  
likely ?an _! public or private nonpr(it
 s*ool c\nt]p>ts to drop out1 incur     
enorm\s /ud5t debt1 & default on ?is    
debt4 ,9 ! #bjaa-bjab s*ool ye>1 #bh    
p]c5t ( ,african ,am]icans & #ae p]c5t (
 ,lat9os att5d+ f\r-ye> in/itutions 7   
enroll$ 9 a =-pr(it s*ool1 comp>$ to #aj
 p]c5t ( ,:ites4  7,e7 ,z highlight$ 9 a
 press release titl$ ,obama             
,adm9i/ration ,ann\nces ,f9al ,rules to 
,protect ,/ud5ts f ,poor-,p]=m+ ,c>e]   
,college ,programs1 t 0 issu$ by ! ,,doe
 on ,octob] #cj1 #bjad1 too (t51 /ud5ts 
at c>e] colleges--includ+ ?\s&s (       

vet]ans--are *>g$ excessive co/s1 b     
don't get ! education !y paid =4        
,in/ead1 /ud5ts 9 su* programs are      
provid$ ) poor quality tra9+1 (t5 =     
l[-wage jobs or 9 occupations :]e !re   
are simply no job opportunities4 ,!y f9d
 !mselves ) l>ge am\nts ( debt &1 too   
(t51 end up 9 default4 ,9 _m cases1     
/ud5ts are drawn into ^! programs )     
confus+ or mislead+ in=mation44  7#d7   
,m$ical debt  7,a7 ,rese>* by ! ,consum]
 ,bureau has f\nd t ! inclusion ( m$ical
 collections on consum] reports has     
unfairly r$uc$ consum]s' cr$it scores4  
7,b7 ,! ,consum] ,bureau's review ( #e  
million anonymiz$ cr$it files f         
,septemb] #bjaa to ,septemb] #bjac1 =   
example1 f\nd t cr$it scores may        
und]e/imate a p]son's cr$itwor?9ess by  
up to #aj po9ts = ^? :o owe m$ical debt1
 & may und]e/imate a p]son's            
cr$itwor?9ess by up to #bb po9ts aft] ! 
m$ical debt has be5 paid4 ,= consum]s ) 
l[] cr$it scores1 especially ^? on !    
br9k ( :at is consid]$ subprime1 a #aj  

to #bb po9t decrease 9 _! cr$it scores c
 h a significant impact on _! lives1    
includ+ by affect+ :e!r !y are able to  
qualify = cr$it &1 if s1 ! t]ms &       
conditions "u :i* x is ext5d$ to !m4    
7,c7 ,! ,consum] ,bureau f\nd t half (  
all collections trade l9es t appe> on   
consum] reports are relat$ to m$ical    
bills claim$ to be ow$ to hospitals &   
o!r m$ical provid]s4 ,^! trade l9es     
affect ! reports ( ne>ly #ae ( all      
consum]s 9 ! cr$it report+ sy/em4  7,d7 
,! ,consum] ,bureau has f\nd t !re are  
no objective or en=ceable /&>ds t       
det]m9e :5 a debt c or %\ld be report$ z
 a collection trade l9e4 ,because debt  
buy]s & collectors det]m9e :e!r1 :51 & =
 h[ long to report a collection acc\nt1 
!re is only a limit$ relation%ip betwe5 
! "t p]iod report$1 ! sev]ity ( a       
del9qu5cy1 & :5 or :e!r a collection    
trade l9e appe>s on a consum]'s cr$it   
report4  7,e7 ,m$ical bills c be complex
 & confus+ = _m consum]s1 :i* results 9 
consum]s' unc]ta9ty ab\t :at !y owe1 to 

:om1 :51 or = :at1 t may cause "s p1 :o 
ord9>ily pay _! bills on "t1 to delay or
 )hold paym5ts on _! m$ical debts4 ,?is 
unc]ta9ty c also result 9 m$ical        
collections appe>+ on consum] reports4  
,9 a ,decemb] #bjad report titl$        
,consum] ,cr$it ,reports3 ,a ,/udy (    
,m$ical & ,non-,m$ical ,collections1 !  
,consum] ,bureau f\nd t a l>ge portion (
 consum]s ) m$ical collections %[ no o!r
 evid5ce ( f9ancial di/ress & are       
consum]s :o ord9>ily pay _! o!r f9ancial
 obligations on "t4 ,unlike ) mo/ cr$it 
products or s]vices1 su* z cr$it c>ds1  
in/allm5t loans1 utilities1 or wireless 
or cable s]vices t h contractual acc\nt 
disclosures describ+ ! t]ms & conditions
 ( use1 mo/ consum]s are n told :at _!  
out-(-pocket m$ical co/s w be 9 advance4
 ,consum]s ne$+ urg5t or em]g5cy c>e    
r>ely "k1 or are provid$1 ! co/ ( a     
m$ical treatm5t or proc$ure be=e !      
s]vice is r5d]$4  7,f7 ,! ,consum]      
,bureau conclud$ t ! pres5ce ( m$ical   
collections is less pr$ictive ( future  

defaults or s]i\s del9qu5cies ?an !     
pres5ce ( a nonm$ical collection 9 a    
/udy titl$ ,data ,po9t3 ,m$ical ,debt & 
,cr$it ,scores1 issu$ 9 ,may #bjad4     
7,g7 ,,fico's late/ cr$it scor+ model1  
,,fico #i1 *anges ! treatm5t ( paid     
collections to disreg>d any collection  
matt]s t ! consum] has paid 9 full4     
,,fico #i1 h[ev]1 is n yet widely us$ by
 l5d]s4  7,h7 ,vantage,score's late/    
cr$it scor+ model1 ,vantage,score #d4j1 
w be available 9 ! fall ( #bjag4 ,?is   
model w p5alize m$ical collections less 
?an non-m$ical ones4  7,i7 ,! ?ree      
nationwide ,c,r,as ent]$ into a         
settlem5t agreem5t ) ! ,new ,york ,/ate 
attorney g5]al 9 #bjae to address       
defici5cies 9 _! dispute resolution     
process & enhance ! accuracy ( items on 
reports4 ,^! policy *anges w be         
implem5t$ 9 a ?ree-phras$ roll\t1       
culm9at+ by ,june #bjah4 ,subsequ5tly1  
^! ,c,r,as ent]$ into a coop]ative      
agreem5t ) #ca ,/ate ,attorneys ,g5]al1 
:i* 0 ! basis ( ! creation ( ! ,national

 ,consum] ,assi/ance ,plan 7,,ncap7 to  
*ange "s ( _! bus9ess practices4  7,j7  
,:ile ! ,c,r,as appe> to be volunt>ily  
adopt+ policy *anges on a nationwide    
basis1 !y are n obligat$ to d s =       
consum]s :o reside 9 ,/ates t are n p>ty
 to any ( ! cons5t ord]s4  7,k7 ,z a    
result ( ! settlem5t agreem5ts1 ! ?ree  
nationwide ,c,r,as w set a #ahj-;day    
wait+ p]iod be=e includ+ m$ical         
collections on a report & w remove a    
m$ical collection f a report once x is  
paid by an insurance company4 ,:ile ?is 
*ange w b5efit _m1 once a m$ical        
collection appe>s on a report1 x w only 
be delet$ or suppress$ if x is f\nd to h
 be5 ! insurance company's obligation to
 pay & ! insur] pays x4 ,giv5 ! rese>*  
%[+ !re is little pr$ictive value 9     
m$ical debt in=mation1 m$ical           
collections t are paid or settl$ %\ld   
quickly be remov$ f a report1 reg>dless 
( :o pays or settles ?is debt4  7#e7    
,f9ancial abuse by kn[n p]sons  7,a7    
,f9ancial abuse & exploitation are      

frequ5tly associat$ ) dome/ic viol5ce4  
,?is type ( abuse may result 9 fraudul5t
 *>ges to a cr$it c>d or hav+ fraudul5t 
acc\nts creat$ by ! abus] 9 ! survivor's
 "n4 ,f9ancial abuse may also result 9 !
 survivor's inability to make timely    
paym5ts on _! valid obligations due to  
loss or *anges 9 income t c occur :5 _! 
abus] /eals f or co]ces ! survivor to   
rel9qui% _! pay*ecks or sav+s4  7,b7 ,by
 rack+ up sub/antial debts 9 !          
survivor's "n1 abus]s are able to       
ex]cise f9ancial control ov] _!         
survivors to make x economically        
difficult = ! survivor1 ^: cr$it is (t5 
de/roy$1 to escape ! situation4  7,c7   
,dome/ic abuse survivors ) poor cr$it   
are likely to face significant ob/acles 
9 e/abli%+ f9ancial indep5d5ce f _!     
abus]s4 ,?is c be due1 9 "p1 because    
consum] reports may be us$ :5 a p]son   
attempts to obta9 a *eck+ acc\nt1 h\s+1 
insurance1 utilities1 employm5t1 & ev5 a
 security cle>ance z requir$ = c]ta9    
jobs4  7,d7 ,provid+ docum5tation (     

id5tity 7,,id7 !ft 9 ord] to dispute    
in=mation on "o's consum] report c be   
p>ticul>ly *all5g+ = ^? :o "k _!        
f9ancial abus]4  7,e7 ,:ile x is easi] =
 consum]s :o obta9 a police report to   
remove fraudul5t in=mation f _! consum] 
report & prev5t x f reappe>+ 9 ! future1
 accord+ to ! ,empire ,ju/ice ,c5t]1    
safety & o!r noncr$it conc]ns may impact
 ! capacity ( a survivor ( f9ancial     
abuse committ$ by a kn[n p]son to turn  
to law en=cem5t to get a police report4 
7,f7 ,accord+ to ! ,legal ,aid ,society 
9 ,new ,york1 dome/ic abuse survivors1  
seek+ to remove adv]se in=mation /emm+ f
 f9ancial abuse by contact+ _! furni%]s 
directly1 are likely to face skepticism 
ab\t claims ( ,,id !ft p]petrat$ by a   
p>tn] because ( an assumption t !y are  
aw>e (1 & may h be5 complicit 91 !      
activity :i* ! survivor alleges /ems f  
f9ancial abuse4  7#f7 ,deceptive &      
mislead+ m>ket+ practices  7,a7 ,!      
,consum] ,bureau's ,febru>y #bjae report
 titl$ ,consum] ,voices on ,cr$it       

,reports & ,scores f\nd t "s consum]s   
did n obta9 a copy ( _! consum] report  
due to conc]ns ab\t security or ( be+   
trapp$ into pur*as+ unwant$ products l  
an additional report or a cr$it monitor+
 s]vice4  7,b7 ,9 ,janu>y #bjag1 !      
,consum] ,bureau f9$ ,trans,union &     
,equifax = deceptively m>ket+ cr$it     
scores = pur*ase by consum]s z ! same   
cr$it scores typically us$ by l5d]s to  
det]m9e cr$itwor?9ess & = lur+ consum]s 
into co/ly subscription s]vices t 7     
adv]tis$ z free or #a t automatically   
*>g$ recurr+ fees unless cancell$ by    
consum]s4 ,! ,consum] ,bureau also f\nd 
t ,equifax 0 illegally adv]tis+ its     
products on webpages t consum]s access$ 
?r\gh ,annual,credit,report4com be=e    
consum]s obta9$ _! free disclosures4    
,because ( ^! tr\bl+ practices1         
,trans,union 0 ord]$ to pay #ac4i       
million 9 re/itution to h>m$ consum]s & 
a civil p5alty ( #c million to !        
,consum] ,bureau4 ,equifax 0 ord]$ to   
pay m ?an #c4g million to affect$       

consum]s z well z a civil money p5alty (
 #b4e million to ! ,consum] ,bureau4 ,z 
"p ( ! cons5t ord]s1 ! ,c,r,as are also 
suppos$ to *ange ! way t !y sell _!     
products to consum]s4 ,! ,c,r,as mu/    
also obta9 consum]s' express cons5t be=e
 enroll+ !m into subscription s]vices z 
well z make x eas] = consum]s to cancel 
^! programs4  7,c7 ,! ,consum] ,bureau  
f9$ ! o!r nationwide ,,cra--,exp]ian--9 
,m>* #bjag = deceiv+ consum]s ab\t ! use
 ( cr$it scores t x m>ket$ & sold to    
consum]s z cr$it scores t 7 us$ by l5d]s
 & = illegally adv]tis+ its products on 
web pages t consum]s access$ ?r\gh      
,annual,credit,report4com be=e !y obta9$
 _! free annual disclosures4 ,exp]ian 0 
ord]$ to pay m ?an #c4g million 9       
re/itution to h>m$ consum]s & a civil   
monet>y p5alty ( #b4e million to !      
,consum] ,bureau4  7,d7 ,! ,consum]     
,bureau's ,janu>y & ,m>* #bjag cons5t   
ord]s ) ! ?ree nationwide ,c,r,as %[ t  
^! ,c,r,as h entic$ consum]s into       
pur*as+ products & s]vices t !y may n   

want or ne$1 9 "s in/ances by adv]tis+  
products or s]vices free t automatically
 conv]t$ into an ongo+ subscription     
s]vice at ! regul> price unless cancell$
 by ! consum]4 ,al?\gh ^! ,c,r,as mu/ n[
 *ange _! deceptive m>ket+ practices1   
codify+ ^! duties is an appropriate way 
to ensure t ^! companies nev] rev]t back
 to su* mislead+ tactics4  7,e7 ,giv5 ! 
ubiquit\s use ( consum] reports 9       
consum]s' lives & ! fact t consum]s'    
p>ticipation 9 ! cr$it report+ sy/em is 
involunt>y1 ,c,r,as %\ld also prioritize
 provid+ consum]s ) ! effective means to
 safegu>d _! p]sonal & f9ancial         
in=mation & improve _! cr$it /&+1 r ?an 
seek+ to exploit consum]s' conc]ns &    
confusion ab\t cr$it report+ & scor+1 to
 boo/ _! companies' pr(its4  7,f7       
,vuln]able consum]s1 :o h legitimate    
conc]ns ab\t ! security ( _! p]sonal &  
f9ancial in=mation1 des]ve cle>1        
accurate1 & transp>5t in=mation ab\t !  
cr$it report+ tools t may be available  
to !m1 su* z fraud al]ts & freezes4     

7#g7 ,protections = consum]s' cr$it     
in=mation  7,a7 ,despite height5$       
aw>5ess1 incid5ts ( ,,id !ft cont9ue to 
rise4 ,9 ,febru>y #bjae1 ! ,,ftc report$
 t ,,id !ft 0 ! top consum] compla9t t x
 receiv$ = ! #ae? consecutive ye>4 ,z ^!
 incid5ts increase1 consum]s exp]i5ce   
significant f9ancial loss & emotional   
di/ress f ! inability to safegu>d       
effectively & inexp5sively _! cr$it     
in=mation f bad actors4  7,b7 ,accord+  
to a ,c>negie ,mellon /udy1 *ildr5 are  
#ej times m likely ?an adults to h _!   
id5tities /ol54 ,*ild id5tities are     
valuable to ?ieves because mo/ *ildr5 d 
n h exi/+ files1 & _! p>5ts may n notice
 fraudul5t activity until _! *ild       
applies = a /ud5t loan1 a job1 or a     
cr$it c>d4 ,z a result1 ! fraudul5t     
activity ( ! bad actors may g undetect$ 
= ye>s4  7,c7 ,despite ! increas+       
incid5ts ( *ildr5's ,,id !ft1 p>5ts :o  
want to proactively prev5t _! *ildr5 f  
hav+ _! id5tity /ol51 may n be able to d
 s4 ,only "o ( ! ?ree nationwide ,c,r,as

 curr5tly all[s p>5ts f any ,/ate to set
 up a freeze = a m9or *ild4 ,at ! o!r   
two nationwide ,c,r,as1 p>5ts c only    
obta9 a freeze aft] a *ild has become an
 ,,id !ft victim because1 x is only at  
?is po9t1 t ^! ,c,r,as h an exi/+ cr$it 
file = ! *ild4 ,:ile _m ,/ates h enact$ 
laws to address ?is problem1 !re is no  
exi/+ ,f$]al law4  7,d7 ,accord+ to     
,javel9 ,/rategy  ,rese>*'s #bjae       
,id5tity ,fraud /udy1 #af billion 0 /ol5
 by fraud/]s f #ab4g million ,am]ican   
consum]s 9 #bjad4 ,simil>ly1 ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice f\nd an      
e/imat$ #g p]c5t ( all resid5ts age #af 
or old] 7ab\t #ag4f million p]sons7 9   
?is c\ntry 7 victims ( "o or m incid5ts 
( ,,id !ft 9 #bjad1 & ! numb] ( eld]ly  
victims age #fe or old] 7ab\t #hf p]c5t7
 increas$ f #b4a million 9 #bjab to #b4f
 million 9 #bjad4  7,e7 ,consum]s       
frequ5tly express conc]n ab\t ! security
 ( _! f9ancial in=mation4 ,accord+ to a 
#bjae ,master,card survey1 a majority ( 
consum]s 7#gg p]c5t7 h anxiety ab\t !   

possibility t _! f9ancial in=mation &   
,social ,security numb]s may be /ol5 or 
compromis$1 ) ab\t #ee p]c5t ( consum]s 
indicat+ t !y w\ld r h nak$ pictures (  
!mselves leak$ onl9e ?an h _! f9ancial  
in=mation /ol54  7,f7 ,t survey also    
reveal$ t consum]s' fe>s ab\t ! onl9e   
security ( _! f9ancial in=mation ev5    
outweigh$ consum]s' worries ab\t o!r    
physical security dang]s su* z hav+ _!  
h\ses robb$ 7#ei p]c5t7 or be+          
pickpocket$ 7#df p]c5t74  7,g7 ,accord+ 
to ,consum] ,reports1 r\ghly #ej million
 ,am]ican consum]s sp5t ab\t #c4e       
billion 9 #bjaj to pur*ase products aim$
 at protect+ _! id5tity1 ) ! annual co/ 
( ^! s]vices rang+ f #abj to #cjj4 ,z   
risks to consum]s' p]sonal & f9ancial   
in=mation cont9ue to gr[1 consum]s ne$  
additional protections to ensure t !y h 
fair & reasonable access to ! full suite
 ( ,,id !ft & fraud prev5tion measures t
 may be "r = !m4  #c4 ,effective date   
,except z o!rwise specifi$1 ! am5dm5ts  
made by ?is ,act %all take effect #b    

ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act4  #d4 ,g5]al ,bureau rulemak+      
,except z o!rwise provid$1 n lat] ?an ! 
end ( ! #b-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( 
! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,bureau (      
,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection %all     
issue f9al rules to implem5t ! am5dm5ts 
made by ?is ,act4  ,i ,re/or+ ! impair$ 
cr$it ( victims ( pr$atory activities & 
unfair consum] report+ practices  #aja4 
,%ort5s ! "t p]iod t mo/ adv]se cr$it   
in=mation /ays on consum] reports  7a7  
,9 g5]al ,section #fje ( ! ,fair ,cr$it 
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c7 is
 am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7--  7,a7  
by /rik+ ,except z au?oriz$ "u          
subsection 7b71 no & ins]t+ ,no2  7,b7 9
 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ #aj ye>s &     
ins]t+ #g ye>s2  7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#b71  
by /rik+ ,civil suits1 civil judgm5ts1 &
 records & ins]t+ ,records2  7,d7 9     
p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ sev5 ye>s &     
ins]t+ #d ye>s2  7,e7 9 p>agraph 7#d71  
by /rik+ sev5 ye>s & ins]t+ #d ye>s1    
except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#h71 7#aj71

 7#aa71 7#ab71 or 7#ac71 or z requir$ by
 section #fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 #fje;,e1 or  
#fje;,f2  7,f7 9 p>agraph 7#e7-- 7i7 by 
/rik+ 1 o!r ?an records ( convictions ( 
crimes2 &  7ii7 by /rik+ sev5 ye>s &    
ins]t+ #d ye>s1 except z requir$ by     
section #fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 #fje;,e1 or   
#fje;,f2 &  7,g7 by add+ at ! end !     
foll[+ new p>agraphs3  7#i7 ,civil suits
 & civil judgm5ts 7except z provid$ 9   
p>agraph 7#h77 t1 f date ( entry1       
ant$ate ! report by m ?an #d ye>s or    
until ! gov]n+ /atute ( limitations has 
expir$1 :i*ev] is ! long] p]iod4  7#aj7 
,a civil suit or civil judgm5t-- 7,a7   
br\ght by a private education loan hold]
 t1 f ! date ( successful completion (  
cr$it re/oration or rehabilitation 9    
accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( section    
#fje;,d or #fje;,e1 ant$ates ! report by
 #de cal5d> days2 or  7,b7 br\ght by a  
l5d] ) respect to a cov]$ resid5tial    
mortgage loan t ant$ates ! report by #de
 cal5d> days4  7#aa7 ,records (         
convictions ( crimes :i* ant$ate !      

report by m ?an #g ye>s4  7#ab7 ,any o!r
 adv]se item ( in=mation relat+ to !    
collection ( debt t did n arise f a     
contract or an agreem5t to pay by a     
consum]1 includ+ f9es1 tickets1 & o!r   
assessm5ts1 z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau1     
exclud+ tax liability4  2  7#b7 by /rik+
 subsection 7b7 & r$esignat+ subsections
 7c7 ?r\gh 7h7 z subsections 7b7 ?r\gh  
7g71 respectively2 &  7#c7 9 subsection 
7b7 7z s r$esignat$71 by /rik+ #g-ye>   
p]iod ref]r$ to 9 p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#f7 
& ins]t+ #d-ye> p]iod ref]r$ to 9       
p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#e74  7b7 ,con=m+     
am5dm5ts ,! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act  
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9
 section #faf7;d71 by /rik+ section     
#fje7;g7 ea* place t t]m appe>s & ins]t+
 section #fje7;f72 &  7#b7 9 section    
#fbe7;b77#e77;,a71 by /rik+ section     
#fje7;g7 & ins]t+ section #fje7;f74     
#ajb4 ,m&ates ! exp$it$ removal ( fully 
paid or settl$ debt f consum] reports   
,section #fje7;a7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it      
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4            

#afha;c7a771 z am5d$ by section         
#aja7;a77#a71 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at 
! end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3  7#ac7 ,any
 o!r adv]se item ( in=mation relat$ to a
 fully paid or settl$ debt t _h be5     
*>act]iz$ z del9qu5t1 *>g$ (f1 or 9     
collection :i*1 f ! date ( paym5t or    
settlem5t1 ant$ates ! report by m ?an   
#de cal5d> days4  4  #ajc4 ,imposes     
re/rictions on ! appe>ance ( m$ical     
collections on consum] reports &        
requires ! exp$it$ removal ( fully paid 
or settl$ m$ical collections f consum]  
reports  7a7 ,removal ( fully paid or   
settl$ m$ical debt f consum] reports    
,section #fje7;a7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it      
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4            
#afha;c7a771 z am5d$ by section #ajb1 is
 fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+  
new p>agraph3  7#ad7 ,any o!r adv]se    
item ( in=mation relat$ to a fully paid 
or settl$ debt aris+ f ! receipt (      
m$ical s]vices1 products1 or devices t  
_h be5 *>act]iz$ z del9qu5t1 *>g$ (f1 or
 9 collection :i*1 f ! date ( paym5t or 

settlem5t1 ant$ates ! report by m ?an   
#de cal5d> days4  4  7b7 ,e/abli%+ an   
ext5d$ "t p]iod be=e c]ta9 m$ical debt  
in=mation may be report$ ,section       
#fje7;a7 ( su* ,act is fur!r am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3    
7#ae7 ,any in=mation relat$ to a debt   
aris+ f ! receipt ( m$ical s]vices1     
products1 or devices1 if ! date on :i*  
su* debt 0 plac$ = collection1 *>g$ to  
pr(it or loss1 or subject$ to any simil>
 action ant$ates ! report by less ?an   
#cfe cal5d> days4  4  7c7 ,prohibition  
on report+ m$ically necess>y proc$ures  
,section #fje7;a7 ( su* ,act is fur!r   
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new     
p>agraph3  7#af7 ,any in=mation relat$  
to a debt aris+ f a m$ically necess>y   
proc$ure4  4  7d7 ,te*nical am5dm5t     
,section #fjd7;g77#a77;,c7 ( ! ,fair    
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha;b7g77#a77;,c77 is fur!r am5d$ by  
/rik+ devises & ins]t+ devices4  #ajd4  
,provides cr$it re/oration = victims (  
pr$atory mortgage l5d+ & s]vic+  7a7 ,9 

g5]al ,! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae
 ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq47 is am5d$ by   
ins]t+ aft] section #fje;,b ! foll[+ new
 section3  #fje;,c4 ,cr$it re/oration = 
victims ( pr$atory mortgage l5d+  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,a consum] report+ ag5cy may n   
furni% any consum] report conta9+ any   
adv]se item ( in=mation relat+ to a     
cov]$ resid5tial mortgage loan 7includ+ 
! orig9ation & s]vic+ ( su* a loan1 any 
loss mitigation activities relat$ to su*
 a loan1 & any =eclosure1 de$ 9 lieu (  
=eclosure1 or %ort sale relat$ to su* a 
loan71 if ! action or inaction to :i* ! 
item ( in=mation relates--  7#a7 result$
 f an unfair1 deceptive1 or abusive act 
or practice1 or a fraudul5t1            
discrim9atory1 or illegal activity ( a  
f9ancial in/itution1 z det]m9$ by !     
,bureau or a c\rt ( compet5t            
jurisdiction2 or  7#b7 is relat$ to an  
unfair1 deceptive1 or abusive act1      
practice1 or a fraudul5t1 discrim9atory1
 or illegal activity ( a f9ancial       
in/itution t is ! subject ( a settlem5t 

agreem5t initiat$ on behalf ( a consum] 
or consum]s & t is betwe5 ! f9ancial    
in/itution & an ag5cy or dep>tm5t ( a   
local1 ,/ate1 or ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1      
reg>dless ( :e!r su* settlem5t includes 
an admission ( wrongdo+4  7b7 ,cov]$    
resid5tial mortgage loan def9$ ,9 ?is   
section1 ! t]m cov]$ resid5tial mortgage
 loan means any loan prim>ily = p]sonal1
 family1 or h\sehold use t is secur$ by 
a mortgage1 de$ ( tru/1 or o!r equival5t
 cons5sual security int]e/ on a dwell+  
7z def9$ 9 section #ajc7w7 ( ! ,tru? 9  
,l5d+ ,act71 includ+ a loan 9 :i* !     
proce$s w be us$ =--  7#a7 a manufactur$
 home 7z def9$ 9 section #fjc ( ! ,h\s+ 
& ,community ,developm5t ,act ( #aigd   
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #edjb772  7#b7 any       
in/allm5t sales contract1 l& contract1  
or contract = de$ on a resid5tial       
prop]ty2 or  7#c7 a rev]se mortgage     
transaction 7z def9$ 9 section #ajc ( ! 
,tru? 9 ,l5d+ ,act74  4  7b7 ,table (   
cont5ts am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts ( !  
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act is am5d$ by  

ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section    
#fje;,b ! foll[+ new item3  #fje;,c4    
,cr$it re/oration = victims ( pr$atory  
mortgage l5d+4  4  7c7 ,effective date  
,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all    
take effect at ! end ( ! #ah-mon? p]iod 
beg9n+ on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act4  #aje4 ,provides cr$it relief =   
private education loans borr[]s :o 7    
defraud$ or mislead by propriet>y       
education in/itution or c>e] education  
programs  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,fair ,cr$it  
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et   
seq471 z am5d$ by section #ajd1 is fur!r
 am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #fje;,c ! 
foll[+ new section3  #fje;,d4 ,private  
education loan cr$it re/oration =       
defraud$ /ud5t borr[]s :o att5d c]ta9   
propriet>y educational in/itution or    
c>e] education programs  7a7 ,process = 
c]tification z a qualify+ private       
education loan borr[]  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a 
consum] may submit a reque/ to !        
,bureau1 along ) a defraudm5t claim1 to 
be c]tifi$ z a qualify+ private         

education loan borr[] ) respect to a    
private education loan4  7#b7           
,c]tification ,! ,bureau %all c]tify a  
consum] describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 z a    
qualify+ private education loan borr[] )
 respect to a private education loan if 
! ,bureau or a c\rt ( compet5t          
jurisdiction det]m9es t ! consum] has a 
valid defraudm5t claim ) respect to su* 
loan4  7b7 ,removal ( adv]se in=mation  
,^u receipt ( a notice describ$ 9       
subsection 7d77#e71 a consum] report+   
ag5cy %all remove any adv]se in=mation  
relat+ to any private education loan )  
respect to :i* a consum] is a qualify+  
private education loan borr[] f any     
consum] report )9 #de cal5d> days (     
receipt ( su* notification4  7c7        
,disclosure ,! ,bureau %all disclose !  
results ( a c]tification det]m9ation 9  
writ+ to ! consum] t provides a cle> &  
concise explanation ( ! basis = !       
det]m9ation ( :e!r su* consum] is a     
qualify+ private education loan borr[] )
 respect to a private education loan &1 

z applicable1 an explanation ( !        
consum]'s "r to h adv]se in=mation      
relat+ to su* loan remov$ f _! consum]  
report by a consum] report+ ag5cy4  7d7 
,proc$ures ,! ,bureau %all-- 7#a7       
e/abli% proc$ures = a consum] to submit 
a reque/ describ$ 9 subsection 7a72     
7#b7 e/abli% proc$ures to effici5tly    
review1 accept1 & process su* a reque/2 
7#c7 develop ongo+ outrea* initiatives &
 education programs to in=m consum]s ( !
 circum/ances "u :i* su* consum] may be 
eligible to be c]tifi$ z a qualify+     
private education loan borr[] ) respect 
to a private education loan2  7#d7      
e/abli% proc$ures1 includ+ ! mann]1 =m1 
& cont5t ( ! notice in=m+ a private     
educational loan hold] ( ! prohibition  
on report+ any adv]se in=mation relat+  
to a private education loan ) respect to
 :i* a consum] is a qualify+ private    
education loan borr[]2 &  7#e7 e/abli%  
proc$ures1 includ+ ! mann]1 =m1 & cont5t
 ( ! notice in=m+ a consum] report+     
ag5cy ( ! obligation to remove any      

adv]se in=mation z describ$ 9 subsection
 7c74  7e7 ,/&>diz$ report+ codes ,a    
consum] report+ ag5cy %all develop      
/&>diz$ report+ codes = use by private  
education loan hold]s to id5tify &      
report a qualify+ private education loan
 borr[]'s /atus ( a reque/ to remove any
 adv]se in=mation relat+ to any private 
education loan ) respect to :i* su*     
consum] is a qualify+ private education 
loan borr[]4 ,a consum] report 9 :i* a  
p]son furni%es su* codes %all be deem$  
to comply ) ! requirem5ts = accuracy &  
complet5ess requir$ "u sections         
#fbc7;a77#a7 & #fcj4 ,su* codes %all n  
appe> on any report provid$ to a ?ird   
p>ty1 & %all be remov$ f ! consum]'s    
cr$it report ^u ! successful re/oration 
( ! consum]'s cr$it "u ?is section4  7f7
 ,defraudm5t claim def9$ ,= purposes (  
?is section1 ! t]m defraudm5t claim     
means a claim made ) respect to a       
consum] :o is a borr[] ( a private      
education loan ) respect to a propriet>y
 educational in/itution or c>e]         

education program 9 :i* ! consum]       
alleges t--  7#a7 ! propriet>y          
educational in/itution or c>e] education
 program-- 7,a7 engag$ 9 an unfair1     
deceptive1 or abusive act or practice1  
or a fraudul5t1 discrim9atory1 or       
illegal activity--  7i7 z def9$ by ,/ate
 law ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! propriet>y       
educational in/itution or c>e] education
 program is headqu>t]$ or ma9ta9s or    
ma9ta9$ significant op]ations2 or  7ii7 
"u ,f$]al law2  7,b7 is ! subject ( an  
en=cem5t ord]1 a settlem5t agreem5t1 a  
memor&um ( und]/&+1 a susp5sion (       
tuition assi/ance1 or any o!r action    
relat+ to an unfair1 deceptive1 or      
abusive act or practice t is betwe5 !   
propriet>y educational in/itution or    
c>e] education program & an ag5cy or    
dep>tm5t ( a local1 ,/ate1 or ,f$]al    
,gov]nm5t2 or  7,c7 misrepres5t$ facts  
to /ud5ts or accr$it+ ag5cies or        
associations ab\t graduation or ga9ful  
employm5t rates 9 recogniz$ occupations 
or fail$ to provide ! c\rsework necess>y

 = /ud5ts to successfully obta9 a       
pr(essional c]tification or degree f !  
propriet>y educational in/itution or    
c>e] education program2 or  7#b7 !      
consum] has submitt$ a valid def5se to  
repaym5t claim ) respect to su* loan1 z 
det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,education4  4 
7b7 ,table ( cont5ts am5dm5t ,! table ( 
cont5ts ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act  
is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to
 section #fje;,c 7z add$ by section     
#ajd7 ! foll[+ new item3  #fje;,d4      
,private education loan cr$it re/oration
 = defraud$ /ud5t borr[]s :o att5d c]ta9
 propriet>y educational in/itution or   
c>e] education programs4  4  #ajf4      
,e/abli%es "r = victims ( f9ancial abuse
 to h adv]se in=mation associat$ ) an   
abus]'s fraudul5t activity remov$ f _!  
consum] reports  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,fair  
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha et seq471 z am5d$ by section #aje1
 is fur!r am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section  
#fje;,d ! foll[+ new section3  #fje;,e4 
,f9ancial abuse prev5tion ,= a consum]  

:o is ! victim ( int5tionally abusive or
 h>mful f9ancial behavior1 z det]m9$ by 
a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction includ+ a
 family c\rt1 juv5ile c\rt1 or o!r c\rt 
) p]sonal jurisdiction1 t 0 conduct$ by 
a sp\se1 family or h\sehold memb]1      
c>egiv]1 or p]son ) :om su* consum] _h a
 dat+ relation%ip 9 a mann] :i* result$ 
9 ! inclusion ( an adv]se item (        
in=mation on ! consum] report ( !       
consum]1 & ! consum] did n p>ticipate 9 
or cons5t to su* behavior1 ! consum] may
 apply to a c\rt ( compet5t             
jurisdiction1 includ+ a family c\rt1    
juv5ile c\rt1 or o!r c\rt ) p]sonal     
jurisdiction1 = an ord] to require !    
removal ( su* adv]se in=mation f !      
consum]'s file ma9ta9$ by any consum]   
report+ ag5cy4  4  7b7 ,table ( cont5ts 
am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts ( ! ,fair    
,cr$it ,report+ ,act is am5d$ by ins]t+ 
aft] ! item relat+ to section #fje;,d ! 
foll[+ new item3  #fje;,e4 ,f9ancial    
abuse prev5tion4  4  #ajg4 ,prohibits   
treatm5t ( cr$it re/oration or          

rehabilitation z adv]se in=mation ,!    
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new section3 
#fcj4 ,prohibition ( c]ta9 factors      
relat$ to ,f$]al cr$it re/oration or    
rehabilitation  7a7 ,re/riction on cr$it
 scor+ models ,a cr$it scor+ model may  
n-- 7#a7 take into consid]ation1 9 a    
mann] adv]se to a consum]'s cr$it score 
or educational cr$it score1 any         
in=mation 9 a consum] report conc]n+ !  
consum]'s p>ticipation 9 cr$it          
re/oration or rehabilitation "u section 
#fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 or #fje;,e2 or  7#b7  
treat negatively1 9 a mann] adv]se to a 
consum]'s cr$it score or educational    
cr$it score1 ! abs5ce ( paym5t hi/ory   
data = an exi/+ acc\nt1 :e!r ! acc\nt is
 op5 or clos$1 :]e ! abs5ce ( su*       
in=mation is ! result ( a consum]'s     
p>ticipation 9 cr$it re/oration or      
rehabilitation "u section #fje;,c1      
#fje;,d1 or #fje;,e4  7b7 ,re/riction on
 p]sons obta9+ consum] reports ,a p]son 

:o obta9s a consum] report may n-- 7#a7 
take into consid]ation1 9 a mann] adv]se
 to a consum]1 any in=mation 9 a consum]
 report conc]n+ ! consum]'s p>ticipation
 9 cr$it re/oration or rehabilitation "u
 section #fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 or #fje;,e2  
or  7#b7 treat negatively ! abs5ce (    
paym5t hi/ory data = an exi/+ acc\nt1   
:e!r ! acc\nt is op5 or clos$1 :]e !    
abs5ce ( su* in=mation is ! result ( a  
consum]'s p>ticipation 9 cr$it          
re/oration or rehabilitation "u section 
#fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 or #fje;,e4  7c7      
,accuracy & complet5ess ,if a p]son :o  
furni%es in=mation to a consum] report+ 
ag5cy reque/s ! removal ( in=mation f a 
consum] report or a consum] report+     
ag5cy removes in=mation f a consum]     
report 9 compliance ) ! requirem5ts "u  
section #fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 or #fje;,e1 or
 su* in=mation 0 remov$ pursuant at     
section #fje7;a77#aa71 su* report %all  
be deem$ to satisfy ! requirem5ts =     
accuracy & complet5ess ) respect to su* 
in=mation4  7d7 ,prohibition relat$ to  

adv]se actions & risk-,bas$ pric+       
decisions ,no p]son %all use in=mation  
relat$ to a consum]'s p>ticipation 9    
cr$it re/oration or rehabilitation "u   
section #fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 or #fje;,e 9  
connection ) any det]m9ation (--  7#a7 !
 consum]'s eligibility or cont9u$       
eligibility = an ext5sion ( cr$it2  7#b7
 ! t]ms & conditions (f]$ to a consum]  
reg>d+ an ext5sion ( cr$it2 or  7#c7 an 
adv]se action made = employm5t purposes4
  2 &  7#b7 9 ! table ( cont5ts = su*   
,act1 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new     
item3  #fcj4 ,prohibition ( c]ta9       
factors relat$ to ,f$]al cr$it          
re/oration or rehabilitation4  4  ,,ii  
,exp&+ access to tools to protect       
vuln]able consum]s f id5tity !ft1 fraud1
 or a relat$ crime1 & protect victims f 
fur!r h>m  #bja4 ,id5tity !ft report    
def9ition ,p>agraph 7#d7 ( section      
#fjc7q7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act  
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7q77#d77 is am5d$ 
to read z foll[s3  7#d7 ,id5tity !ft    
report ,! t]m id5tity !ft report has !  

mean+ giv5 t t]m by rule ( ! ,bureau1 & 
means1 at a m9imum1 a report-- 7,a7 t is
 a /&>diz$ affidavit t alleges t a      
consum] has be5 a victim ( id5tity !ft1 
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or has be5    
h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( !     
consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation1 t 0 develop$ &   
made available by ! ,bureau2 or  7,b7   
7i7 t alleges an id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or 
a relat$ crime1 or alleges h>m f !      
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! consum]'s     
f9ancial or p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation2  7ii7 t is a copy ( an       
(ficial1 valid report fil$ by a consum] 
) an appropriate ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local
 law en=cem5t ag5cy1 includ+ ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,po/al ,inspection ,s]vice1 or   
su* o!r gov]nm5t ag5cy deem$ appropriate
 by ! ,bureau2 &  7iii7 ! fil+ ( :i*    
subjects ! p]son fil+ ! report to       
crim9al p5alties relat+ to ! fil+ (     
false in=mation if1 9 fact1 ! in=mation 
9 ! report is false4  4  #bjb4 ,am5dm5t 
to protection = files & cr$it records ( 

protect$ consum]s  7a7 ,am5dm5t to      
def9ition ( file ,section #fjc7;g7 ( !  
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7g77 is am5d$ by ins]t+
 1 except t su* t]m excludes a record   
creat$ pursuant to section #fje;,a7j7   
aft] /or$4  7b7 ,am5dm5t to protection =
 files & cr$it records ,section         
#fje;,a7j7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+    
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7;j77 is  
am5d$--  7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 9  
subp>agraph 7,b77ii71 by /rik+ an       
incapacitat$ p]son or a protect$ p]son &
 ins]t+ a p]son2 &  7,b7 by am5d+       
subp>agraph 7,e7 to read z foll[s3  7,e7
 ,! t]m security freeze--  7i7 has !    
mean+ giv5 9 subsection 7i77#a77;,c72 & 
7ii7 ) respect to a protect$ consum] =  
:om ! consum] report+ ag5cy does n h a  
file1 means a record t is subject to a  
security freeze t a consum] report+     
ag5cy is prohibit$ f disclos+ to any    
p]son reque/+ ! consum] report = !      
purpose ( op5+ a new acc\nt involv+ !   
ext5sion ( cr$it4  2 &  7#b7 9 p>agraph 

7#d77;,d71 by /rik+ a protect$ consum]  
or a protect$ consum]'s repres5tative "u
 subp>agraph 7,a77i7 & ins]t+ a protect$
 consum] describ$ "u subp>agraph        
7,a77ii7 or a protect$ consum]'s        
repres5tative4  #bjc4 ,enhances fraud   
al]t protections ,section #fje;,a ( !   
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9
 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 ! subsection   
head+1 by /rik+ ,"o-,call & ins]t+      
,"o-,ye>2  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 9 
! p>agraph head+1 by /rik+ ,initial     
al]ts & ins]t+ ,9 g5]al2  7ii7 by ins]t+
 or h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! 
consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation1 aft] id5tity     
!ft12  7iii7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by     
/rik+ & at ! end2  7iv7 9 subp>agraph   
7,b7--  7,i7 by ins]t+ #a-ye> be=e fraud
 al]t2 &  7,,ii7 by /rik+ ! p]iod at !  
end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7v7 by add+ at !   
end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3  7,c7 ^u !
 expiration ( ! #a-ye> p]iod describ$ 9 
subp>agraph 7,a7 or a subsequ5t #a-ye>  

p]iod1 & 9 response to a direct reque/  
by ! consum] or su* repres5tative1      
cont9ue ! fraud al]t = a p]iod ( #a     
additional ye> if ! in=mation ass]t$ 9  
?is p>agraph rema9s applicable4  2 &    
7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7i7 9 ! p>agraph 
head+1 by ins]t+ & cr$it or educational 
cr$it scores aft] reports2  7ii7 by     
ins]t+ #a-ye> be=e fraud al]t2  7iii7 9 
subp>agraph 7,a71 by ins]t+ & cr$it     
score or educational cr$it score aft]   
file2 &  7iv7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by    
/rik+ any reque/ describ$ 9 subp>agraph 
7,a7 & ins]t+ ! consum] report+ ag5cy   
includes ! #a-ye> fraud al]t 9 ! file ( 
a consum]2  7#b7 9 subsection 7b7--     
7,a7 9 ! subsection head+1 by /rik+     
,ext5d$ & ins]t+ ,sev5-,ye>2  7,b7 9    
p>agraph 7#a7--  7i7 9 subp>agraph      
7,b7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ #e-ye> p]iod beg9n+
 on ! date ( su* reque/ & ins]t+ su*    
#g-ye> p]iod2 &  7,,ii7 by /rik+ & at ! 
end2  7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,c7--  7,i7 by
 /rik+ ext5d$ & ins]t+ #g-ye>2 &  7,,ii7
 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2

 &  7iii7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new 
subp>agraph3  7,d7 ^u ! expiration ( su*
 #g-ye> p]iod or a subsequ5t #g-ye>     
p]iod1 & 9 response to a direct reque/  
by ! consum] or su* repres5tative1      
cont9ue ! fraud al]t = a p]iod ( #g     
additional ye>s if ! consum] or su*     
repres5tative submits an updat$ id5tity 
!ft report4  2 &  7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#b7--
 7i7 9 ! p>agraph head+1 by ins]t+ &    
cr$it or educational cr$it scores aft]  
reports2 &  7ii7 by am5d+ subp>agraph   
7,a7 to read z foll[s3  7,a7 disclose to
 ! consum] t ! consum] may reque/ a free
 copy ( ! file & cr$it score or         
educational cr$it score ( ! consum]     
pursuant to section #fab7;d7 dur+ ea*   
#ab-mon? p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* !
 #g-ye> fraud al]t 0 includ$ 9 ! file & 
end+ on ! date ( ! la/ day t ! #g-ye>   
fraud al]t applies to ! consum]'s file2 
&  2  7#c7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 9    
p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ or educational 
cr$it score aft] cr$it score2  7,b7 by  
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a71 7#b71 & 7#c71

 z subp>agraphs 7,a71 7,b71 & 7,c71     
respectively 7& con=m+ ! m>g9s          
accord+ly72  7,c7 by /rik+ ,^u ! direct 
reque/ & ins]t+3  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,^u !   
direct reque/  2 &  7,d7 by add+ at !   
end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3  7#b7 ,access
 to free reports & cr$it or educational 
cr$it scores ,if a consum] report+ ag5cy
 includes an active duty al]t 9 ! file (
 an active duty milit>y consum]1 !      
consum] report+ ag5cy %all--  7,a7      
disclose to ! active duty milit>y       
consum] t ! active duty milit>y consum] 
may reque/ a free copy ( ! file & cr$it 
score or educational cr$it score ( !    
active duty milit>y consum] pursuant to 
section #fab7;d71 dur+ ea* #ab-mon?     
p]iod beg9n+ on ! date t ! activity duty
 milit>y al]t is reque/$ & end+ on !    
date ( ! la/ day ! active duty al]t     
applies to ! file ( ! active duty       
milit>y consum]2 &  7,b7 provide to !   
active duty milit>y consum] all         
disclosures requir$ to be made "u       
section #fji1 )\t *>ge to ! consum]1 n  

lat] ?an #c bus9ess days aft] any reque/
 describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  2  7#d7  
by am5d+ subsection 7d7 to read z       
foll[s3  7d7 ,proc$ures ,ea* consum]    
report+ ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjc7p7
 %all include on ! webpage requir$ "u   
subsection 7i7 policies & proc$ures to  
comply ) ?is section1 includ+ policies &
 proc$ures--  7#a7 t in=m consum]s ( !  
availability ( #a-ye> fraud al]ts1      
#g-ye> fraud al]ts1 active duty al]ts1 &
 security freezes 7z applicable72  7#b7 
t all[ consum]s to reque/ #a-ye> fraud  
al]ts1 #g-ye> fraud al]ts1 & active duty
 al]ts 7z applicable7 & to place1       
tempor>ily lift1 or fully remove a      
security freeze 9 a simple & easy mann]2
 &  7#c7 = ass]t+ 9 good fai? a         
suspicion t ! consum] has be5 or is ab\t
 to become a victim ( id5tity !ft1      
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or h>m$ by !  
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! consum]'s     
f9ancial or p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation1 = a consum] seek+ a #a-ye>   
fraud al]t or security freeze4  2  7#e7 

9 subsection 7e71 by ins]t+ #a-ye> or   
#g-ye> be=e fraud al]t2  7#f7 9         
subsection 7f71 by /rik+ or active duty 
al]t & ins]t+ active duty al]t1 or      
security freeze 7z applicable72  7#g7 9 
subsection 7g7-- 7,a7 by ins]t+ or has  
be5 h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! 
consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation1 or to in=m su*   
ag5cy ( ! consum]'s p>ticipation 9 cr$it
 re/oration or rehabilitation "u section
 #fje;,c1 #fje;,d1 or #fje;,e1 aft]     
id5tity !ft12 &  7,b7 by ins]t+ or      
security freezes aft] reque/ al]ts2     
7#h7 9 subsection 7h7--  7,a7 9 p>agraph
 7#a7-- 7i7 9 ! p>agraph head+1 by /rik+
 initial & ins]t+ #a-ye>2 &  7ii7 by    
/rik+ initial & ins]t+ #a-ye> ea* place 
su* t]m appe>s2 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph      
7#b7--  7i7 9 ! p>agraph head+1 by /rik+
 ext5d$ & ins]t+ #g-ye>2 &  7ii7 by     
/rik+ ext5d$ & ins]t+ #g-ye> ea* place  
su* t]m appe>s2 &  7#i7 9 subsection    
7i77#d7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ subp>agraphs    
7,e7 & 7,i72 &  7,b7 by r$esignat+      

subp>agraphs 7,f71 7,g71 7,h71 & 7,j7 z 
subp>agraphs 7,e71 7,f71 7,g71 & 7,h71  
respectively4  #bjd4 ,am5dm5t to        
security freezes = consum] reports  7a7 
,9 g5]al ,section #fje;,a7i7 ( ! ,fair  
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha;c-#a7;i77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by am5d+
 ! subsection head+ to read z foll[s3   
,security freezes = consum] reports2    
7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,e71 by /rik+ ,^u 
receiv+ & all t foll[s ?r\gh subp>agraph
 7,c71 & ins]t+ ,^u receiv+ a direct    
reque/ f a consum] = a tempor>y removal 
( a security freeze1 a consum] report+  
ag5cy %all2 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! end !  
foll[+3  7#g7 ,relation to ,/ate law    
,?is subsection does n modify or sup]s$e
 ! laws ( any ,/ate relat+ to security  
freezes or o!r simil> actions1 except to
 ! ext5t ^? laws are inconsi/5t ) any   
provision ( ?is title1 & !n only to !   
ext5t ( ! inconsi/5cy4 ,= purposes ( ?is
 subsection1 a t]m or provision ( a     
,/ate law is n inconsi/5t ) ! provisions
 ( ?is subsection if ! t]m or provision 

af=ds great] protection to ! consum] ?an
 ! protection provid$ "u ?is subsection 
z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau4  4  7b7 ,am5dm5t
 to webpage requirem5ts ,section        
#fje;,a7i77#f77;,a7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it    
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4            
#afha;c-#a7;i77#f77;,a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7
 9 clause 7ii71 by /rik+ initial fraud  
al]t & ins]t+ #a-ye> fraud al]t2  7#b7 9
 clause 7iii71 by /rik+ ext5d$ fraud    
al]t & ins]t+ #g-ye> fraud al]t2 &  7#c7
 9 clause 7iv71 by /rik+ fraud4  7c7    
,am5dm5t to exceptions = c]ta9 p]sons   
,section #fje;,a7i77#d77;,a7 ( !        
,consum] ,cr$it ,protection ,act 7#ae   
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7;i77#d77;,a77 is   
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7,a7 ,a p]son1 
or ! p]son's subsidi>y1 affiliate1 ag5t1
 subcontractor1 or assignee ) :om !     
consum] has1 or prior to assignm5t _h1  
an au?oriz$ acc\nt1 contract1 or        
debtor-cr$itor relation%ip = ! purposes 
( review+ ! active acc\nt or collect+ ! 
f9ancial obligation ow$ on ! acc\nt1    
contract1 or debt4  4  7e7 ,effective   

date ,! am5dm5ts made by subsection 7a7 
%all take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t 
( ?is ,act4  #bje4 ,cl>ification (      
in=mation to be includ$ ) ag5cy         
disclosures ,section #fji7;c77#b7 ( su* 
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;g7c77#b77 is  
am5d$--  7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,b7-- 7,a7 
by /rik+ consum] report+ ag5cy describ$ 
9 section #fjc7p7 & ins]t+ consum]      
report+ ag5cy describ$ 9 subsection 7p7 
or 7x7 ( section #fjc2  7,b7 by /rik+ ! 
ag5cy & ins]t+ su* an ag5cy2 &  7,c7 by 
ins]t+ & an ,int]net website address    
aft] h\rs2 &  7#b7 9 subp>agraph 7,e71  
by /rik+ outdat$ "u section #fje or &   
ins]t+ outdat$1 requir$ to be remov$1   
or4  #bjf4 ,provides access to fraud    
records = victims ,section #fji7;e7 ( ! 
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;g7e77 is am5d$--  7#a7 9
 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ result+ f
 id5tity !ft2  7,b7 by /rik+ claim (    
id5tity !ft & ins]t+ claim ( fraudul5t  
activity2 &  7,c7 by /rik+ any          
transaction alleg$ to be a result (     

id5tity !ft & ins]t+ any fraudul5t      
transaction2  7#b7 9 p>agraph           
7#b77;,b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ id5tity !ft1  
at ! election ( ! bus9ess entity &      
ins]t+ fraudul5t activity2  7,b7 by     
am5d+ clause 7i7 to read z foll[s3  7i7 
a copy ( an id5tity !ft report2 or  2 & 
7,c7 by am5d+ clause 7ii7 to read z     
foll[s3  7ii7 an affidavit ( fact t is  
acceptable to ! bus9ess entity = t      
purpose4  2  7#c7 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,c71 
by /rik+ id5tity !ft & ins]t+ fraudul5t 
activity2  7#d7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#h7 &
 r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#i7 ?r\gh 7#ac7 z
 p>agraphs 7#h7 ?r\gh 7#ab71            
respectively2 &  7#e7 9 p>agraph 7#aj7  
7z s r$esignat$71 by /rik+ or a simil>  
crime & ins]t+ 1 fraud1 or a relat$     
crime4  #bjg4 ,requir$ ,bureau to set   
proc$ures = report+ id5tity !ft1 fraud1 
& o!r relat$ crime ,section #fba7;f77#b7
 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae    
,u4,s4,c4 #afhas7f77#b77 is am5d$--     
7#a7 9 ! p>agraph head+1 by /rik+ ,model
 =m & ins]t+ ,/&>diz$ affidavit2  7#b7  

by /rik+ ,! ,commission & ins]t+ ,!     
,bureau2  7#c7 by /rik+ model =m &      
ins]t+ /&>diz$ affidavit2  7#d7 by      
ins]t+ aft] id5tity !ft ! foll[+3 1     
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or o!rwise are
 h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( !    
consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation12 &  7#e7 by /rik+
 fraud4 & ins]t+ id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or 
o!r relat$ crime4 ,su* /&>diz$ affidavit
 & proc$ures %all n include a requirem5t
 t a consum] obta9 a police report44    
#bjh4 ,e/abli%es ! "r to free cr$it     
monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection       
s]vices = c]ta9 consum]s  7a7 ,en=cem5t 
( cr$it monitor+ = s]vicememb]s  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,subsection 7k7 ( section #fje;,a
 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7;a77 is am5d$
 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#d74  7#b7          
,effective date ,?is subsection & !     
am5dm5ts made by ?is subsection %all    
take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act4  7b7 ,free cr$it monitor+ &      
id5tity !ft protection s]vices = c]ta9  
consum]s ,subsection 7k7 ( section      

#fje;,a 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a71 is  
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7k7 ,cr$it     
monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection       
s]vices  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,^u ! direct     
reque/ ( a consum]1 a consum] report+   
ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjc7p7 t      
ma9ta9s a file on ! consum] & has       
receiv$ appropriate pro( ( ! id5tity ( !
 reque/] 7z describ$ 9 section #ajbb4abc
 ( title #ab1 ,code ( ,f$]al            
,regulations7 %all provide ! consum] )  
cr$it monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection 
s]vices n lat] ?an #a bus9ess day aft]  
receiv+ su* reque/ s5t by po/al mail1   
toll-free telephone1 or secure          
electronic means z e/abli%$ by ! ag5cy4 
7#b7 ,fees  7,a7 ,classes ( consum]s ,! 
,bureau may e/abli% classes ( consum]s  
eligible to receive cr$it monitor+ &    
id5tity !ft protection s]vices free (   
*>ge4  7,b7 ,no fee ,a consum] report+  
ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjc7p7 may n  
*>ge a consum] a fee to receive cr$it   
monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection       
s]vices if ! consum] or a repres5tative 

( ! consum]--  7i7 ass]ts 9 good fai? a 
suspicion t ! consum] has be5 or is ab\t
 to become a victim ( id5tity !ft1      
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or h>m$ by !  
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! consum]'s     
f9ancial or p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation2  7ii7 is unemploy$ & int5ds  
to apply = employm5t 9 ! #fj-;day p]iod 
beg9n+ on ! date on :i* ! reque/ is     
made2  7iii7 is a recipi5t ( public     
welf>e assi/ance2  7iv7 is an active    
duty milit>y consum] or a memb] ( !     
,national ,gu>d 7z def9$ 9 section      
#aja7;c7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code72  7v7 is #fe ye>s ( age or old]2 
or  7vi7 is a memb] ( a class e/abli%$  
by ! ,bureau "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7#c7 
,bureau rulemak+ ,! ,bureau %all issue  
regulations-- 7,a7 to def9e ! scope (   
cr$it monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection 
s]vices requir$ "u ?is subsection2 &    
7,b7 to set a fair & reasonable fee t a 
consum] report+ ag5cy may *>ge a consum]
 7o!r ?an a consum] describ$ "u p>agraph
 7#b77;,b77 = su* cr$it monitor+ &      

id5tity !ft protection s]vices4  7#d7   
,relation to ,/ate law ,?is subsection  
does n modify or sup]s$e ( ! laws ( any 
,/ate relat+ to cr$it monitor+ & id5tity
 !ft protection s]vices or o!r simil>   
actions1 except to ! ext5t ^? laws are  
inconsi/5t ) any provision ( ?is title1 
& !n only to ! ext5t ( ! inconsi/5cy4 ,=
 purposes ( ?is subsection1 a t]m or    
provision ( a ,/ate law is n inconsi/5t 
) ! provisions ( ?is subsection if ! t]m
 or provision af=ds great] protection to
 ! consum] ?an ! protection provid$ "u  
?is subsection z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau4  
4  #bji4 ,ensures removal ( inquiries   
result+ f id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or o!r    
relat$ crime f consum] reports ,section 
#fje7;a7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c7a771 z am5d$ by  
section #ajc1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at 
! end ! foll[+3  7#ag7 ,in=mation ab\t  
inquiries made = a cr$it report bas$ on 
reque/s t ! consum] report+ ag5cy       
v]ifies 7 initiat$ z ! result ( id5tity 
!ft1 fraud1 or o!r relat$ crime4  4     

,,iii ,miscellane\s  #cja4 ,def9itions  
,section #fjc ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ 
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7 is fur!r   
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7bb7  
,def9itions relat$ to days  7#a7 ,cal5d>
 day2 day ,! t]m cal5d> day or day means
 a cal5d> day1 exclud+ any f$]ally      
recogniz$ holiday4  7#b7 ,bus9ess day ,!
 t]m bus9ess day means a day betwe5 &   
includ+ ,monday to ,friday1 & exclud+   
any f$]ally recogniz$ holiday4  4  #cjb4
 ,te*nical correction relat$ to         
risk-bas$ pric+ notices ,section        
#fae7;h77#h7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+  
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afham7 is am5d$--  
7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ ?is   
section & ins]t+ ?is subsection2 &  7#b7
 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ ,?is      
section & ins]t+ ,?is subsection4  #cjc4
 ,,fcra f9d+s & purpose2 voids c]ta9    
contracts n 9 ! public int]e/  7a7      
,,fcra f9d+s & purpose ,section #fjb ( !
 ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae        
,u4,s4,c4 #afha7;a77 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 
subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by am5d+ p>agraph 

7#a7 to read z foll[s3  7#a7 ,_m        
f9ancial & non-f9ancial decisions       
affect+ consum]s' lives dep5d ^u fair1  
complete1 & accurate cr$it report+4     
,inaccurate & incomplete cr$it reports  
directly impair ! effici5cy ( ! f9ancial
 sy/em & und]m9e ! integrity ( us+ cr$it
 reports 9 o!r circum/ances1 & unfair   
cr$it report+ & cr$it scor+ me?ods      
und]m9e ! public confid5ce :i* is       
ess5tial to ! cont9u$ function+ ( !     
f9ancial s]vices sy/em & ! provision (  
_m o!r consum] products & s]vices4  2 & 
7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 by ins]t+ aft]    
ag5cies ! foll[+3 1 furni%]s1 & cr$it   
scor+ develop]s2 &  7#b7 9 subsection   
7b7--  7,a7 by /rik+ ,x is ! purpose (  
?is title to require & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 
,! purpose ( ?is title is ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,to require  2 &  7,b7 by add+ at ! end
 ! foll[+3  7#b7 ,to prohibit any       
practices & proc$ures ) respect to cr$it
 reports & cr$it scores t are n 9 !     
public int]e/4  4  7b7 ,void+ ( c]ta9   
contracts n 9 ! public int]e/ ,! ,fair  

,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha et seq471 z am5d$ by section #ajg1
 is fur!r am5d$--  7#a7 by add+ at ! end
 ! foll[+ new section3  #fca4 ,void+ (  
c]ta9 contracts n 9 ! public int]e/  7a7
 ,9 g5]al ,any provision conta9$ 9 a    
contract t requires a p]son to n foll[ a
 provision ( ?is title1 t is aga9/ !    
public int]e/1 or t o!rwise circumv5ts !
 purposes ( ?is title %all be null &    
void4  7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9  
subsection 7a7 %all be con/ru$ z affect+
 o!r provisions ( a contract t are n    
describ$ "u subsection 7a74  2 &  7#b7 9
 ! table ( cont5ts = su* ,act1 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+ new item3  #fca4      
,void+ ( c]ta9 contracts n 9 ! public   
int]e/4  4  ,decemb] #bc1 #bjai ,report$
 ) an am5dm5t1 committ$ to ! ,committee 
( ! ,:ole ,h\se on ! ,/ate ( ! ,union1 &
 ord]$ to be pr9t$