,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ce  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(             
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #c1 #bjai,mr4 
,ru% introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0     
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y   
,a ,,bill  ,to am5d section #bdi ( title
 #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to specify   
lyn*+ z a hate crime act4  #a4 ,%ort    
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,emmett 
,till ,antilyn*+ ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s      
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,9 ! #bj?
 c5tury lyn*+ occurr$ mo/ly 9 s\!rn     
,/ates by ,:ite s\!rn]s aga9/ ,black    
s\!rn]s4  7#b7 ,9 #ahib1 ! ,tuskegee    
,in/itute began to record /ati/ics (    
lyn*+s & report$ t #d1gdb report$ lyn*+s
 _h tak5 place by #aifh1 ( :i* #c1dde ( 
! victims 7 ,black4  7#c7 ,mo/ ( !      
lyn*+s t occurr$ 9 ! ,s\? 7 mass moblike
 lyn*+s4  7#d7 ,mass moblike lyn*+s 7   
b>b>ic by nature *>act]iz$ by memb]s ( !
 mob1 mo/ly ,:ite s\!rn]s1 %oot+1 burn+1
 & mutilat+ ! victim's body1 alive4     
7#e7 ,9 ,anatomy ( a ,lyn*+3 ,! ,kill+ (
 ,claude ,neal1 community pap]s readily 

adv]tis$ mob lyn*+s1 z evid5c$ by a     
,florida local pap] headl9e3 ,florida to
 ,burn ,negro at ,/ake3 ,sex ,crim9al   
,seiz$ f ,brewton ,jail1 ,w be          
,mutilat$1 ,set ,afire 9 ,extra-,legal  
,v5geance = ,de$4  7#f7 ,civil rights   
gr\ps docum5t$ & pres5t$ ,congress      
evid5ce ( vigilante moblike lyn*+s4     
7#g7 ,evid5ce by ,,naacp inve/igator    
,h[>d ,ke/] docum5t$ ! extreme brutality
 ( ^! lyn*+s4 ,an exc]pt f ,anatomy ( a 
,lyn*+ fur!r illu/rates ?is po9t3 ,aft] 
tak+ ! nigg] to ! woods ab\t f\r miles f
 ,gre5wood1 !y cut (f 8 p5is4 ,he 0 made
 to eat x4 ,!n !y cut (f 8 te/icles &   
made him eat !m & say he lik$ x4  7#h7  
,_m civil rights gr\ps1 notably !       
,anti-,lyn*+ ,crusad]s1 also kn[n z !   
,,alc1 op]at+ "u ! umbrella ( ! ,,naacp1
 made num]\s reque/s to ,congress to    
make lyn*+ a ,f$]al crime4  7#i7        
,congressman ,george ,h5ry ,:ite1 an    
,african ,am]ican1 introduc$ ! fir/     
,f$]al antilyn*+ bill & subsequ5tly     
ne>ly #bjj antilyn*+ bills 7 introduc$ 9

 ! ,congress dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! #bj?  
c5tury4  7#aj7 ,betwe5 #ahij & #aieb1   
sev5 ,presid5ts petition$ ,congress to  
end lyn*+4  7#aa7 ,betwe5 #aibj & #aidj1
 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ?ree   
/rong antilyn*+ measures1 ( :i*         
,congress came close/ to enact+         
antilyn*+ legislation sponsor$ by       
,congressman ,leonidas ,c4 ,dy] 9 #aibb4
  7#ab7 ,on all ?ree occasions1 oppon5ts
 ( antilyn*+ legislation1 argu$ ,/ates' 
rights & us$ ! filibu/]1 or ! ?reat ( x1
 to block ! ,s5ate f vot+ on ! measures4
  7#ac7 ,! enactm5t ( ! ,civil ,rights  
,act ( #aifh 0 ! close/ ,congress ev]   
came 9 ! po/-,recon/ruction era to      
enact+ antilyn*+ legislation4  7#ad7 ,9 
#bjje1 ! ,s5ate pass$ a resolution1     
sponsor$ by ,s5ators ,m>y ,l&rieu &     
,george ,all51 apologiz+ = ! ,s5ate's   
failure to enact antilyn*+ legislation z
 a ,f$]al crime1 ) ,s5ator ,l&rieu say+1
 ,!re may be no o!r inju/ice 9 ,am]ican 
hi/ory = :i* ! ,s5ate s uniquely be>s   
responsibility4  7#ae7 ,to heal pa/ &   

pres5t racial inju/ice1 ,congress mu/   
make lyn*+ a ,f$]al crime s our ,nation 
c beg9 reconciliation4  #c4 ,specify+   
lyn*+ z a hate crime act ,section       
#bdi7;a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+    
p>agraph 7#d7 z p>agraph 7#e72 &  7#b7  
by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#c7 ! foll[+3  
7#d7 ,(f5ses involv+ lyn*+ ,:oev]1 :e!r 
or n act+ "u color ( law1 willfully1    
act+ z "p ( any collection ( p1 assembl$
 = ! purpose & ) ! int5tion ( committ+  
an act ( viol5ce ^u any p]son1 causes   
dea? to any p]son1 %all be imprison$ =  
any t]m ( ye>s or = life1 f9$ "u ?is    
title1 or bo?4  4