,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cbab  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,june #aa1 #bjai,ms4  
,p+ree 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,spei]1 ,ms4     
,ku/] ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,ms4 ,om>1 ,ms4 
,m5g1 & ,ms4 ,frankel7 introduc$ !      
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9      
addition to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1
 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by 
! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation (  
su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction 
( ! committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
am5d ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa to
 include 9 ! ,annual ,c\ntry ,reports on
 ,human ,rights ,practices a section on 
conflict-relat$ sexual & g5d]-bas$      
viol5ce1 to am5d ! ,global ,magnitsky   
,human ,rights ,acc\ntability ,act to   
au?orize ! ,presid5t to impose economic 
sanctions & a visa ban on ! lead] ( an  
organization t commits sexual or        
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is
 ,act may be cit$ z ! ,acc\ntability =  
,sexual & ,g5d]-bas$ ,viol5ce z a ,tool 

9 ,conflict ,act ( #bjai4  #b4 ,f9d+s   
,congress makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3  7#a7 ,!
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 z a p]man5t memb] ( !   
,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil1 vot$ 
9 favor ( ,security ,c\ncil ,resolutions
 #acbe 7#bjjj72 #ahbj 7#bjjh72 #ahhh    
7#bjji72 #aifj 7#bjaj72 #bajf 7#bjac72  
#bbdb 7#bjae72 & #bcca 7#bjaf71 :i* /ate
 t acts ( sexual viol5ce & human        
traffick+ ?reat5 int]national peace &   
security & c con/itute w> crimes1 crimes
 aga9/ humanity1 acts ( g5ocide1 &      
t]rorism4  7#b7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is a   
signatory to ! ,g#h ,decl>ation on      
,prev5t+ ,sexual ,viol5ce 9 ,conflict1  
done 9 ,london ,april #aa1 #bjac1 &     
sponsor$ by ! ,unit$ ,k+dom's ,=eign    
,commonweal? ,(fice's ,prev5t+ ,sexual  
,viol5ce ,initiative4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates &
 its allies decl>$ t conc]ns relat$ to  
sexual viol5ce 9 arm$ conflict mu/ be "p
 ( peace & security ef=ts1 po/-conflict 
transition & re=m measures1 &           
acc\ntability processes4  7#c7 ,despite 
^! advances 9 normative frameworks1     

sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce cont9ues to  
be p]vasive1 & ! responses f gov]nm5ts &
 ! int]national community range f       
insuffici5t & inadequate to neglig5t &  
complicit1 z docum5t$ 9 ,unit$ ,nations'
 reports4  7#d7 ,g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1     
includ+ sexual viol5ce-- 7,a7 is a      
global p&emic t affects #a 9 #c wom5    
dur+ _! lifetimes2 &  7,b7 occurs at    
high] rates 9 conflict-affect$ areas4   
7#e7 ,incid5ces ( dome/ic viol5ce1 *ild1
 e>ly1 or =c$ m>riages1 human traffick+1
 & o!r =ms ( sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce 
)9 displac$ or conflict-affect$         
communities--  7,a7 increase dur+       
conflict due to exac]bat$ social t5sions
 & und]ly+ g5d] inequalities t exi/$ 9  
communities prior to su* conflict2 &    
7,b7 occur 9 p>allel to sexual &        
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce p]petrat$ z a weapon (
 w>4  7#f7 ,g5d]-bas$ viol5ce is        
und]report$ 9 all sett+s4 ,record$ cases
 ( g5d]-bas$ viol5ce repres5t only a    
small fraction ( ! ov]all total4 ,a lack
 ( available data %\ld n be int]pret$ to

 mean t g5d]-bas$ viol5ce is n a major &
 press+ issue1 b %\ld be view$ z an     
indication ( ! *all5ges 9 ga!r+         
in=mation4  7#g7 ,rape & sexual assault 
h be5 us$ z tactics ( w> & t]ror 9      
conflict zones1 includ+ ,burma1 ,c5tral 
,african ,republic1 ,colombia1 !        
,democratic ,republic ( ,congo1 ,iraq1  
,mali1 ,somalia1 ,s\? ,sudan1 ,sudan1 & 
,syria4  7#h7 ,rape1 sexual slav]y1 &   
o!r =ms ( sexual viol5ce h be5 us$ by   
t]rori/ & extremi/ gr\ps1 su* z !       
s-call$ ,islamic ,/ate1 ,boko ,h>am1 & !
 ,"l's ,resi/ance ,army1 to intimidate &
 t]rorize communities4  7#i7 ,sexual &  
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce 9 rec5t conflicts has 
be5 us$ 9 ,iraq1 ,syria1 & ,burma z a =m
 ( e?nic or religi\s p]secution or      
g5ocide aga9/ ,yazidis1 ,*ri/ians1      
,turkm5 ,%i'a1 & ,roh+ya ,muslims4      
7#aj7 ,! ,secret>y-,g5]al ( ! ,unit$    
,nations /at$ t sexual viol5ce 9        
conflict trigg]s mass migration & =c$   
displacem5t4  7#aa7 ,sexual & g5d]-bas$ 
viol5ce 9 conflict is prim>ily us$ aga9/

 wom5 & girls1 b c also be us$ aga9/ m5 
& boys4  7#ab7 ,sexual & g5d]-bas$      
viol5ce is n incid5tal to conflict & is 
a weapon ( *oice = arm$ actors seek+ to 
de/abilize societies1 giv5 t its /igma &
 trauma cont9ue aft] ! conflict has     
end$4  7#ac7 ,exi/+ laws (t5 fail to    
protect survivors ( conflict-relat$     
sexual or g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 especially 
:5 ! p]petrators are repres5tatives (   
gov]nm5t entities1 su* z milit>y (fic]s1
 soldi]s1 or non-/ate actors op]at+ 9   
areas :]e gov]nm5ts h fail$ to keep !   
peace4  7#ad7 ,"u ! doctr9e ( milit>y   
comm& responsibility1 lead]s c be       
prosecut$ = w> crimes :5 !y--  7,a7 knew
 or %\ld h kn[n t _! subord9ates 7      
committ+ w> crimes2 &  7,b7 fail$ to    
take all necess>y & reasonable measures 
to prev5t su* crimes or inve/igate &    
prosecute ^? responsible = su* crimes4  
7#ae7 ,c\rts ) jurisdiction ov] w>      
crimes may be nonexi/5t1 may lack       
capacity1 or may be subject to ! same   
political fail+s t all[$ conflict-relat$

 sexual or g5d]-bas$ viol5ce to take    
place4 ,:ile ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security
 ,c\ncil c\ld ref] a case to !          
,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt1 x is      
con/ra9$ by ! prospects ( a veto4  7#af7
 ,convict+ & imprison+ top milit>y      
lead]s ) comm& or sup]ior responsibility
 = rape or o!r =ms ( sexual & g5d]-bas$ 
viol5ce 9 conflict is ess5tial to det]  
future crimes ( sexual viol5ce4 ,fur!r  
support to civil society1 grassroots    
organizations1 wom5-l$ organizations1 & 
ju/ice actors is necess>y to combat     
sexual viol5ce & provide s]vices &      
support to survivors4 ,! l&m>k decision 
on ,decemb] #ae1 #bjag1 by milit>y      
ju/ice au?orities 9 ! ,democratic       
,republic ( ! ,congo = ! conviction ( a 
prov9cial p>liam5t>ian & memb]s ( !     
,army ( ,jesus militia = ! crimes aga9/ 
humanity ( rape ( doz5s ( *ildr5 9      
,kavumu1 ,democratic ,republic ( !      
,congo is a significant /ep = end+      
impunity = sexual viol5ce4  7#ag7 ,!    
,unit$ ,nations ,(fice ( ! ,special     

,repres5tative ( ! ,secret>y-,g5]al on  
,sexual ,viol5ce 9 ,conflict & ! ,unit$ 
,nations ,team ( ,exp]ts on ! ,rule (   
,law & ,sexual ,viol5ce 9 ,conflict 7   
e/abli%$ by ,security ,c\ncil           
,resolution #ahhh 7#bjji7 to "w t[>d    
provid+ support to survivors ( sexual   
viol5ce 9 conflict & end+ impunity = ^! 
he9\s crimes4  7#ah7 ,! ,unit$ ,nations 
,secret>y-,g5]al's annual report to !   
,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil on    
conflict-relat$ sexual viol5ce li/s     
p>ties cr$ibly suspect$ ( committ+ or   
be+ responsible = patt]ns ( rape or o!r 
=ms ( sexual viol5ce 9 situations ( arm$
 conflict on ! ag5da ( ! ,security      
,c\ncil 9 its annex4 ,?is li/+ me*anism 
is an ess5tial tool to promote          
compliance ) ! provisions ( ! ,unit$    
,nations ,security ,c\ncil resolutions  
ref]r$ to 9 p>agraph 7#a74  #c4 ,/atem5t
 ( policy ,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates-- 7#a7 to take effective action  
to prev5t & to respond to sexual &      
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce ar\nd ! _w1 p>ticul>ly

 :5 relat$ to conflict1 z a matt] (     
promot+ basic human rights2  7#b7 to    
hold acc\ntable lead]s :o fail to       
prev5t1 respond to1 inve/igate1 &       
prosecute sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce2 & 
7#c7 to support survivors (             
conflict-relat$ sexual & g5]al bas$     
viol5ce4  #d4 ,annual c\ntry reports on 
human rights practices  7a7 ,sav+s      
provision ,! additional report+         
requirem5ts add$ "u sections #aaf7;d7 & 
#ejb;,b7h7 ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( 
#aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #baean7d7 &        
#bcjd7;h77 %\ld n be consid]$ z a       
sub/itute = compreh5sive report+ on     
sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce 9            
non-conflict sett+s4 ,su* in=mation %\ld
 cont9ue to be robu/ly report$ on 9 !   
annual ,c\ntry ,reports on ,human       
,rights ,practices ) any l9kages &      
connections betwe5 ^! areas ( report+   
drawn ?r\gh int]nal ref]5ces among/ !   
v>i\s sections ( ea* individual ,c\ntry 
,report4  7b7 ,c\ntries receiv+ economic
 assi/ance ,section #aaf7;d7 ( ! ,=eign 

,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4  
#baean7d77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+
 p>agraphs 7#i71 7#aj71 7#aa71 & 7#ab7 z
 p>agraphs 7#aj71 7#aa71 7#ab71 & 7#ac71
 respectively2 &  7#b7 by ins]t+ aft]   
p>agraph 7#h7 ! foll[+3  7#i7 7,a7 a    
description ( sexual & g5d]-bas$        
viol5ce1 includ+ conflict-relat$ sexual 
& g5d]-bas$ viol5ce & sexual assault 7z 
def9$ 9 section #djjjb ( ! ,viol5ce     
,aga9/ ,wom5 ,act ( #aiid 7#cd ,u4,s4,c4
 #abbia77 or rape 7z def9$ 9 section    
#bdda ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code71
 z a tool ( t]ror or w>1 9 ea* =eign    
c\ntry2  7,b7 consolidat$ in=mation     
reg>d+ ! commission ( w> crimes1 crimes 
aga9/ humanity1 & evid5ce ( acts t may  
con/itute g5ocide 7z def9$ 9 article #b 
( ! ,conv5tion on ! ,prev5tion &        
,puni%m5t ( ! ,crime ( ,g5ocide &       
modifi$ by section #b7;a7 ( ! ,g5ocide  
,conv5tion ,implem5tation ,act ( #aihg  
7! ,proxmire ,act772  7,c7 ) respect to 
ea* c\ntry 9 :i* !re is sexual &        
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 especially z a result

 ( conflict or :]e rape or sexual       
viol5ce has be5 us$ z a tool ( t]ror or 
w> by /ate or non-/ate actors1 an       
assessm5t ( ! ef=ts by ! gov]nm5t ( t   
c\ntry to combat su* viol5ce1 includ+ an
 assessm5t (--  7i7 :e!r gov]nm5tal     
au?orities 9 t c\ntry p>ticipate 91     
facilitate1 or condone sexual &         
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce2  7ii7 ! /eps !       
gov]nm5t ( t c\ntry has tak5 to prohibit
 gov]nm5t (ficials1 includ+ milit>y     
(fic]s & non-/ate actors f p>ticipat+ 91
 facilitat+1 or condon+ sexual &        
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 includ+ !            
inve/igation1 prosecution1 & conviction 
( su* (ficials2  7iii7 ! /eps ! gov]nm5t
 ( t c\ntry has tak5 to assi/ survivors 
( g5d] or sexual-bas$ viol5ce1 includ+  
ef=ts to prev5t survivors f be+ fur!r   
victimiz$ by p]petrators1 gov]nm5t      
(ficials1 or o!rs1 & provision (        
humanit>ian relief1 includ+ provision ( 
compreh5sive heal? c>e s]vices1 includ+ 
m5tal1 sexual1 & reproductive heal?     
s]vices1 & o!r physical heal? c>e &     

rep>ation2 &  7iv7 :e!r ! gov]nm5t ( t  
c\ntry recognizes ! rights ( survivors (
 sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce & ensures _!
 access to ju/ice2 &  7,d7 su* o!r      
in=mation relat+ to sexual & g5d]-bas$  
viol5ce1 includ+ conflict-relat$        
viol5ce1 z ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate consid]s 
appropriate4  4  7c7 ,c\ntries receiv+  
security assi/ance ,section #ejb;,b ( ! 
,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb     
,u4,s4,c4 #bcjd7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by     
r$esignat+ ! second subsection 7i7      
7relat+ to *ild m>riage7 z subsection   
7j72 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 
7k7 ,sexual & g5d]-,bas$ viol5ce ,ea*   
report requir$ "u subsection 7b7 %all   
include--  7#a7 a description ( ! nature
 & ext5t ( sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1  
includ+ conflict-relat$ sexual &        
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce & sexual assault 7z   
def9$ 9 section #djjjb ( ! ,viol5ce     
,aga9/ ,wom5 ,act ( #aiid 7#cd ,u4,s4,c4
 #abbia77 or rape 7z def9$ 9 section    
#bdda ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code7 
z a tool or t]ror or w>1 9 ea* =eign    

c\ntry2  7#b7 consolidat$ in=mation     
reg>d+ ! commission ( w> crimes1 crimes 
aga9/ humanity1 & evid5ce ( acts t may  
con/itute g5ocide 7z def9$ 9 article #b 
( ! ,conv5tion on ! ,prev5tion &        
,puni%m5t ( ! ,crime ( ,g5ocide &       
modifi$ by section #b7;a7 ( ! ,g5ocide  
,conv5tion ,implem5tation ,act ( #aihg  
7! ,proxmire ,act772  7#c7 ) respect to 
ea* c\ntry 9 :i* !re is sexual &        
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 especially z a result
 ( conflict or :]e rape or sexual       
assault has be5 us$ z a tool ( t]ror or 
w> by /ate or non-/ate actors1 an       
assessm5t ( ! ef=ts by ! gov]nm5t ( t   
c\ntry to combat su* viol5ce1 includ+ an
 assessm5t (--  7,a7 :e!r gov]nm5tal    
au?orities 9 t c\ntry p>ticipate 91     
facilitate1 or condone sexual &         
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce2  7,b7 :at /eps !     
gov]nm5t ( t c\ntry has tak5 to prohibit
 gov]nm5t (ficials1 includ+ milit>y     
(fic]s1 & non-/ate actors f p>ticipat+  
91 facilitat+1 or condon+ sexual &      
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 includ+ !            

inve/igation1 prosecution1 & conviction 
( su* (ficials2  7,c7 :at /eps !        
gov]nm5t ( t c\ntry has tak5 to assi/   
victims ( sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1   
includ+ ef=ts to prev5t survivors f be+ 
fur!r victimiz$ by p]petrators1 gov]nm5t
 (ficials1 or o!rs1 & provision (       
humanit>ian relief1 includ+ provision ( 
compreh5sive heal? s]vices1 includ+     
m5tal1 sexual1 & reproductive heal?     
s]vices1 & o!r physical heal? c>e &     
rep>ation2 &  7,d7 :e!r ! gov]nm5t ( t  
c\ntry recognizes ! rights ( survivors (
 sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce & ensures _!
 access to ju/ice2 &  7#d7 su* o!r      
in=mation relat+ to sexual & g5d]-bas$  
viol5ce1 includ+ conflict-relat$ sexual 
& g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 z ! ,secret>y (    
,/ate consid]s appropriate4  4  #e4     
,actions aga9/ p]petrators (            
conflict-bas$ sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce
  7a7 ,sanctions ,section #abfc7;a77#a7 
( ! ,global ,magnitsky ,human ,rights   
,acc\ntability ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bfef
 note7 is am5d$1 9 ! matt] prec$+       

subp>agraph 7,a71 by ins]t+ sexual &    
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1 aft] torture14  7b7  
,travel re/rictions ,section            
#gjca7;c77#a77;,a7 ( ! ,dep>tm5t (      
,/ate1 ,=eign ,op]ations1 & ,relat$     
,programs ,appropriations ,act1 #bjai   
7division ,f ( ! ,consolidat$           
,appropriations ,act1 #bjai2 ,public    
,law #aaf-f7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ 1       
includ+ sexual or g5d]-bas$ viol5ce1    
aft] human rights4