,,iib #aaf? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #bdgd ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,febru>y #aj1 #bjbj ,receiv$2 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions ,,an ,,act ,to am5d ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act1 ! ,labor ,managem5t ,relations ,act1 #aidg1 & ! ,labor-,managem5t ,report+ & ,disclosure ,act ( #aiei1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,protect+ ! ,"r to ,organize ,act ( #bjai4 #b4 ,am5dm5ts to ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7a7 ,def9itions 7#a7 ,jo9t employ] ,section #b7b7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aeb7b77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 ,two or m p]sons %all be employ]s ) respect to an employee if ea* su* p]son codet]m9es or %>es control ov] ! employee's ess5tial t]ms & conditions ( employm5t4 ,9 det]m9+ :e!r su* control exi/s1 ! ,bo>d or a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction %all consid] z relevant direct control & indirect control ov] su* t]ms & conditions1 res]v$ au?ority to control su* t]ms & conditions1 & control ov] su* t]ms & conditions ex]cis$ by a p]son 9 fact3 ,provid$1 ,t no?+ h]e9 precludes a f9d+ t indirect or res]v$ control /&+ alone c be suffici5t giv5 specific facts & circum/ances44 7#b7 ,employee ,section #b7c7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aeb7c77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 ,an individual p]=m+ any s]vice %all be consid]$ an employee 7except z provid$ 9 ! previ\s s5t5ce7 & n an indep5d5t contractor1 unless-- 7,a7 ! individual is free f control & direction 9 connection ) ! p]=mance ( ! s]vice1 bo? "u ! contract = ! p]=mance ( s]vice & 9 fact2 7,b7 ! s]vice is p]=m$ outside ! usual c\rse ( ! bus9ess ( ! employ]2 & 7,c7 ! individual is cu/om>ily engag$ 9 an indep5d5tly e/abli%$ trade1 occupation1 pr(ession1 or bus9ess ( ! same nature z t involv$ 9 ! s]vice p]=m$4 4 7#c7 ,sup]visor ,section #b7aa7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aeb7aa77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by ins]t+ & = a majority ( ! individual's worktime aft] int]e/ ( ! employ]2 7,b7 by /rik+ assign12 & 7,c7 by /rik+ or responsibly to direct !m14 7b7 ,reports ,section #c7;c7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ ,! ,bo>d & ins]t+ 7#a7 ,! ,bo>d2 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#b7 ,effective ,janu>y #a1 #bjba1 section #cjjc ( ! ,f$]al ,reports ,elim9ation & ,sunset ,act ( #aiie 7,public ,law #aff-dd2 #ca ,u4,s4,c4 #aaac note7 %all n apply ) respect to reports requir$ "u ?is subsection4 7#c7 ,ea* report issu$ "u ?is subsection %all include no less detail ?an reports issu$ by ! ,bo>d prior to ! t]m9ation ( su* reports "u section #cjjc ( ! ,f$]al ,reports ,elim9ation & ,sunset ,act ( #aiie 7,public ,law #aff-dd2 #ca ,u4,s4,c4 #aaac note74 4 7c7 ,appo9tm5t ,section #d7;a7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aed7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 1 or = economic analysis4 7d7 ,unfair labor practices ,section #h ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aeh7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ ! p]iod & ins]t+ 22 & 7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#f7 to promise1 ?reat51 or take any action-- 7,a7 to p]man5tly replace an employee :o p>ticipates 9 a /rike z def9$ by section #eja7b7 ( ! ,labor ,managem5t ,relations ,act1 #aidg 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #adb7b772 7,b7 to discrim9ate aga9/ an employee :o is work+ or has unconditionally (f]$ to return to "w = ! employ] because ! employee support$ or p>ticipat$ 9 su* a /rike2 or 7,c7 to lock\t1 susp5d1 or o!rwise )old employm5t f employees 9 ord] to influ5ce ! position ( su* employees or ! repres5tative ( su* employees 9 collective b>ga9+ prior to a /rike2 & 7#g7 to communicate or misrepres5t to an employee "u section #b7c7 t su* employee is exclud$ f ! def9ition ( employee "u section #b7c74 2 7#b7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#g72 7,b7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#e7 & 7#f7 z p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#e71 respectively2 7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+ affect$2 & ins]t+ affect$2 &2 & 7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+ 2 & & ins]t+ a p]iod2 7#c7 9 subsection 7c71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 3 ,provid$1 ,t x %all be an unfair labor practice "u subsection 7a77#a7 = any employ] to require or co]ce an employee to att5d or p>ticipate 9 su* employ]'s campaign activities unrelat$ to ! employee's job duties1 includ+ activities t are subject to ! requirem5ts "u section #bjc7;b7 ( ! ,labor-,managem5t ,report+ & ,disclosure ,act ( #aiei 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #dcc7;b7742 7#d7 9 subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#d7 z subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,d71 respectively2 7,b7 by /rik+ ,= ! purposes ( ?is section & ins]t+ 7#a7 ,= purposes ( ?is section2 7,c7 by ins]t+ & to ma9ta9 curr5t wages1 h\rs1 & work+ conditions p5d+ an agreem5t aft] aris+ !reund]2 7,d7 by ins]t+ 3 ,provid$1 ,t an employ]'s duty to collectively b>ga9 %all cont9ue abs5t dec]tification ( ! labor organization foll[+ an election conduct$ pursuant to section #i aft] mak+ ( a concession32 7,e7 by ins]t+ fur!r be=e 1 ,t :]e !re is 9 effect2 7,f7 by /rik+ ,! duties impos$ & ins]t+ 7#b7 ,! duties impos$2 7,g7 by /rik+ by p>agraphs 7#b71 7#c71 & 7#d7 & ins]t+ by subp>agraphs 7,b71 7,c71 & 7,d7 ( p>agraph 7#a72 7,h7 by /rik+ section #h7;d77#a7 & ins]t+ p>agraph 7#a77;,a72 7,i7 by /rik+ section #h7;d77#c7 & ins]t+ p>agraph 7#a77;,c7 9 ea* place x appe>s2 7,j7 by /rik+ section #h7;d77#d7 & ins]t+ p>agraph 7#a77;,d72 & 7,k7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#c7 ,:5ev] collective b>ga9+ is = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ an initial collective b>ga9+ agreem5t foll[+ c]tification or recognition ( a labor organization1 ! foll[+ %all apply3 7,a7 ,n lat] ?an #aj days aft] receiv+ a writt5 reque/ = collective b>ga9+ f an individual or labor organization t has be5 newly recogniz$ or c]tifi$ z a repres5tative z def9$ 9 section #i7;a71 or )9 su* fur!r p]iod z ! p>ties agree ^u1 ! p>ties %all meet & comm5ce to b>ga9 collectively & %all make e reasonable ef=t to conclude & sign a collective b>ga9+ agreem5t4 7,b7 ,if aft] ! expiration ( ! #ij-;day p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* b>ga9+ is comm5c$1 or su* additional p]iod z ! p>ties may agree ^u1 ! p>ties h fail$ to rea* an agreem5t1 ei!r p>ty may notify ! ,f$]al ,m$iation & ,conciliation ,s]vice ( ! exi/5ce ( a dispute & reque/ m$iation4 ,:5ev] su* a reque/ is receiv$1 x %all be ! duty ( ! ,s]vice promptly to put itself 9 communication ) ! p>ties & to use its be/ ef=ts1 by m$iation & conciliation1 to br+ !m to agreem5t4 7,c7 ,if aft] ! expiration ( ! #cj-;day p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* ! reque/ = m$iation is made "u subp>agraph 7,b71 or su* additional p]iod z ! p>ties may agree ^u1 ! ,s]vice is n able to br+ ! p>ties to agreem5t by conciliation1 ! ,s]vice %all ref] ! dispute to a trip>tite arbitration panel e/abli%$ 9 accordance ) su* regulations z may be prescrib$ by ! ,s]vice1 ) "o memb] select$ by ! labor organization1 "o memb] select$ by ! employ]1 & "o neutral memb] mutually agre$ to by ! p>ties4 ,! labor organization & employ] mu/ ea* select ! memb]s ( ! trip>tite arbitration panel )9 #ad days ( ! ,s]vice's ref]ral2 if ! labor organization or employ] fail to d s1 ! ,s]vice %all designate any memb]s n select$ by ! labor organization or ! employ]4 ,a majority ( ! trip>tite arbitration panel %all r5d] a decision settl+ ! dispute & su* decision %all be b9d+ ^u ! p>ties = a p]iod ( #b ye>s1 unless am5d$ dur+ su* p]iod by writt5 cons5t ( ! p>ties4 ,su* decision %all be bas$ on-- 7i7 ! employ]'s f9ancial /atus & prospects2 7ii7 ! size & type ( ! employ]'s op]ations & bus9ess2 7iii7 ! employees' co/ ( liv+2 7iv7 ! employees' ability to su/a9 !mselves1 _! families1 & _! dep5d5ts on ! wages & b5efits !y e>n f ! employ]2 & 7v7 ! wages & b5efits o!r employ]s 9 ! same bus9ess provide _! employees4 2 7#e7 by am5d+ subsection 7e7 to read z foll[s3 7e7 ,not)/&+ *apt] #a ( title #i1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code 7commonly kn[n z ! ,f$]al ,arbitration ,act71 or any o!r provision ( law1 x %all be an unfair labor practice "u subsection 7a77#a7 = any employ]-- 7#a7 to ent] into or attempt to en=ce any agreem5t1 express or impli$1 :]eby prior to a dispute to :i* ! agreem5t applies1 an employee und]takes or promises n to pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1 or support any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or collective claim aris+ f or relat+ to ! employm5t ( su* employee 9 any =um t1 b = su* agreem5t1 is ( compet5t jurisdiction2 7#b7 to co]ce an employee into und]tak+ or promis+ n to pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1 or support any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or collective claim aris+ f or relat+ to ! employm5t ( su* employee2 or 7#c7 to retaliate or ?reat5 to retaliate aga9/ an employee = refus+ to und]take or promise n to pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1 or support any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or collective claim aris+ f or relat+ to ! employm5t ( su* employee3 ,provid$1 ,t any agreem5t t violates ?is subsection or results f a violation ( ?is subsection %all be to su* ext5t un5=ceable & void3 ,provid$ fur!r1 ,t ?is subsection %all n apply to any agreem5t embodi$ 9 or expressly p]mitt$ by a contract betwe5 an employ] & a labor organization4 2 7#f7 9 subsection 7g71 by /rik+ clause 7,b7 ( ! la/ s5t5ce ( section #h7;d7 ( ?is ,act & ins]t+ subsection 7d77#b77;,b72 & 7#g7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7h7 7#a7 ,! ,bo>d %all promulgate regulations requir+ ea* employ] to po/ & ma9ta91 9 conspicu\s places :]e notices to employees & applicants = employm5t are cu/om>ily po/$ bo? physically & electronically1 a notice sett+ =? ! rights & protections af=d$ employees "u ?is ,act4 ,! ,bo>d %all make available to ! public ! =m & text ( su* notice4 ,! ,bo>d %all promulgate regulations requir+ employ]s to notify ea* new employee ( ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ! notice describ$ 9 ! prec$+ two s5t5ces4 7#b7 ,:5ev] ! ,bo>d directs an election "u section #i7;c7 or approves an election agreem5t1 ! employ] ( employees 9 ! b>ga9+ unit %all1 n lat] ?an #b bus9ess days aft] ! ,bo>d directs su* election or approves su* election agreem5t1 provide a vot] li/ to a labor organization t has petition$ to repres5t su* employees4 ,su* vot] li/ %all include ! names ( all employees 9 ! b>ga9+ unit & su* employees' home addresses1 "w locations1 %ifts1 job classifications1 &1 if available to ! employ]1 p]sonal l&l9e & mobile telephone numb]s1 & "w & p]sonal email addresses2 ! vot] li/ mu/ be provid$ 9 a se>*able electronic =mat g5]ally approv$ by ! ,bo>d unless ! employ] c]tifies t ! employ] does n possess ! capacity to produce ! li/ 9 ! requir$ =m4 ,n lat] ?an #i mon?s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ! ,protect+ ! ,"r to ,organize ,act ( #bjai1 ! ,bo>d %all promulgate regulations implem5t+ ! requirem5ts ( ?is p>agraph4 7i7 ,! rights ( an employee "u section #g include ! "r to use electronic communication devices & sy/ems 7includ+ comput]s1 laptops1 tablets1 int]net access1 email1 cellul> telephones1 or o!r company equipm5t7 ( ! employ] ( su* employee to engage 9 activities protect$ "u section #g if su* employ] has giv5 su* employee access to su* devices & sy/ems 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w ( su* employee1 abs5t a compell+ bus9ess rationale4 4 7e7 ,repres5tatives & elections ,section #i ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aei7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 by am5d+ p>agraph 7#a7 to read z foll[s3 7#a7 ,:5ev] a petition %all h be5 fil$1 9 accordance ) su* regulations z may be prescrib$ by ! ,bo>d1 by an employee or gr\p ( employees or any individual or labor organization act+ 9 _! behalf alleg+ t a sub/antial numb] ( employees 7i7 wi% to be repres5t$ = collective b>ga9+ & t _! employ] decl9es to recognize _! repres5tative z ! repres5tative def9$ 9 section #i7;a71 or 7ii7 ass]t t ! individual or labor organization1 :i* has be5 c]tifi$ or is be+ recogniz$ by _! employ] z ! b>ga9+ repres5tative1 is no long] a repres5tative z def9$ 9 section #i7;a71 ! ,bo>d %all inve/igate su* petition & if x has reasonable cause to believe t a "q ( repres5tation affect+ comm]ce exi/s %all provide = an appropriate he>+ ^u due notice4 ,su* he>+ may be conduct$ by an (fic] or employee ( ! regional (fice1 :o %all n make any recomm5dations ) respect !reto4 ,if ! ,bo>d f9ds ^u ! record ( su* he>+ t su* a "q ( repres5tation exi/s1 x %all direct an election by secret ballot & %all c]tify ! results !re(4 ,! ,bo>d %all f9d ! labor organization's propos$ unit to be appropriate if ! employees 9 ! propos$ unit %>e a community ( int]e/1 & if ! employees outside ! unit d n %>e an ov]:elm+ community ( int]e/ ) employees inside4 ,at ! reque/ ( ! labor organization1 ! ,bo>d %all direct t ! election be conduct$ ?r\gh c]tifi$ mail1 electronically1 at ! "w location1 or at a location o!r ?an "o own$ or controll$ by ! employ]4 ,no employ] %all h /&+ z a p>ty or to int]v5e 9 any repres5tation proce$+ "u ?is section4 2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ an economic /rike :o are n entitl$ to re9/atem5t & ins]t+ a /rike2 7,c7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#e7 z p>agraphs 7#f7 & 7#g71 respectively2 7,d7 by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#c7 ! foll[+3 7#d7 ,if ! ,bo>d f9ds t1 9 an election "u p>agraph 7#a71 a majority ( ! valid votes ca/ 9 a unit appropriate = purposes ( collective b>ga9+ h be5 ca/ 9 favor ( repres5tation by ! labor organization1 ! ,bo>d %all c]tify ! labor organization z ! repres5tative ( ! employees 9 su* unit & %all issue an ord] requir+ ! employ] ( su* employees to collectively b>ga9 ) ! labor organization 9 accordance ) section #h7;d74 ,?is ord] %all be deem$ an ord] "u section #aj7;c7 ( ?is ,act1 )\t ne$ = a det]m9ation ( an unfair labor practice4 7#e7 7,a7 ,if ! ,bo>d f9ds t1 9 an election "u p>agraph 7#a71 a majority ( ! valid votes ca/ 9 a unit appropriate = purposes ( collective b>ga9+ h n be5 ca/ 9 favor ( repres5tation by ! labor organization1 ! ,bo>d %all dismiss ! petition1 subject to subp>agraphs 7,b7 & 7,c74 7,b7 ,9 any case 9 :i* a majority ( ! valid votes ca/ 9 a unit appropriate = purposes ( collective b>ga9+ h n be5 ca/ 9 favor ( repres5tation by ! labor organization & ! ,bo>d det]m9es t ! election %\ld be set aside because ! employ] has committ$ a violation ( ?is ,act or o!rwise int]f]$ ) a fair election1 & ! employ] has n demon/rat$ t ! violation or o!r int]f]5ce is unlikely to h affect$ ! outcome ( ! election1 ! ,bo>d %all1 )\t ord]+ a new election1 c]tify ! labor organization z ! repres5tative ( ! employees 9 su* unit & issue an ord] requir+ ! employ] to b>ga9 ) ! labor organization 9 accordance ) section #h7;d7 if1 at any "t dur+ ! p]iod beg9n+ #a ye> prec$+ ! date ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! election & end+ on ! date ^u :i* ! ,bo>d makes ! det]m9ation ( a violation or o!r int]f]5ce1 a majority ( ! employees 9 ! b>ga9+ unit h sign$ au?orizations designat+ ! labor organization z _! collective b>ga9+ repres5tative4 7,c7 ,9 any case :]e ! ,bo>d det]m9es t an election "u ?is p>agraph %\ld be set aside1 ! ,bo>d %all direct a new election ) appropriate additional safegu>ds necess>y to ensure a fair election process1 except 9 cases :]e ! ,bo>d issues a b>ga9+ ord] "u subp>agraph 7,b74 2 & 7,e7 by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#g71 z s r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3 7#h7 ,except "u extraord9>y circum/ances-- 7,a7 a pre-election he>+ "u ?is subsection %all beg9 n lat] ?an #h days aft] a notice ( su* he>+ is s]v$ on ! labor organization & %all cont9ue f day to day until complet$2 7,b7 a regional director %all transmit ! notice ( election at ! same "t z ! direction ( election1 & %all transmit su* notice & su* direction electronically 7includ+ transmission by email or facsimile7 or by ov]night mail if electronic transmission is unavailable2 7,c7 n lat] ?an #b days aft] ! s]vice ( ! notice ( he>+1 ! employ] %all-- 7i7 po/ ! ,notice ( ,petition = ,election 9 conspicu\s places1 includ+ all places :]e notices to employees are cu/om>ily po/$2 7ii7 if ! employ] cu/om>ily communicates ) employees electronically1 di/ribute su* ,notice electronically2 & 7iii7 ma9ta9 su* po/+ until ! petition is dismiss$ or )drawn or ! ,notice ( ,petition = ,election is replac$ by ! ,notice ( ,election2 7,d7 regional directors %all s*$ule elections = ! e>lie/ date practicable1 b n lat] ?an ! #bj? bus9ess day aft] ! direction ( election2 & 7,e7 a po/-election he>+ "u ?is subsection %all beg9 n lat] ?an #ad days aft] ! fil+ ( objections1 if any4 2 7#b7 9 subsection 7d71 by /rik+ 7e7 or & ins]t+ 7d7 or2 & 7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 7f7 ,! ,bo>d %all dismiss any petition = an election ) respect to a b>ga9+ unit or any subdivision if1 dur+ ! prec$+ #ab-mon? p]iod1 ! employ] has recogniz$ a labor organization )\t an election & 9 accordance ) ?is ,act4 4 7f7 ,prev5tion ( unfair labor practices ,section #aj7;c7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afj7;c77 is am5d$ by /rik+ suff]$ by him & ins]t+ suff]$ by su* employee3 ,provid$ fur!r1 ,t if ! ,bo>d f9ds t an employ] has discrim9at$ aga9/ an employee 9 violation ( p>agraph 7#c7 or 7#d7 ( section #h7;a7 or has committ$ a violation ( section #h7;a7 t results 9 ! dis*>ge ( an employee or o!r s]i\s economic h>m to an employee1 ! ,bo>d %all aw>d ! employee back pay )\t any r$uction 7includ+ any r$uction bas$ on ! employee's int]im e>n+s or failure to e>n int]im e>n+s71 front pay 7:5 appropriate71 consequ5tial damages1 & an additional am\nt z liquidat$ damages equal to two times ! am\nt ( damages aw>d$3 ,provid$ fur!r1 no relief "u ?is subsection %all be d5i$ on ! basis t ! employee is1 or 0 dur+ ! "t ( relevant employm5t or dur+ ! back pay p]iod1 an unau?oriz$ ali5 z def9$ 9 section #bgd;,a7h77#c7 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #acbd;a7h77#c77 or any o!r provision ( ,f$]al law relat+ to ! unlawful employm5t ( ali5s4 7g7 ,en=c+ compliance ) ord]s ( ! bo>d 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #aj ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afj7 is fur!r am5d$-- 7,a7 by /rik+ subsection 7e72 7,b7 by r$esignat+ subsection 7d7 z subsection 7e72 7,c7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7c7 ! foll[+3 7d7 7#a7 ,ea* ord] ( ! ,bo>d %all take effect ^u issuance ( su* ord]1 unless o!rwise direct$ by ! ,bo>d1 & %all rema9 9 effect unless modifi$ by ! ,bo>d or unless a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction issues a sup]s$+ ord]4 7#b7 ,any p]son :o fails or neglects to obey an ord] ( ! ,bo>d %all =feit & pay to ! ,bo>d a civil p5alty ( n m ?an #aj1jjj = ea* violation1 :i* %all accrue to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & may be recov]$ 9 a civil action br\ght by ! ,bo>d to ! di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* ! unfair labor practice or o!r subject ( ! ord] occurr$1 or 9 :i* su* p]son or entity resides or transacts bus9ess4 ,no action by ! ,bo>d "u ?is p>agraph may be made until #cj days foll[+ ! issuance ( an ord]4 ,ea* sep>ate violation ( su* an ord] %all be a sep>ate (f5se1 except t1 9 ! case ( a violation 9 :i* a p]son fails to obey or neglects to obey a f9al ord] ( ! ,bo>d1 ea* day su* failure or neglect cont9ues %all be deem$ a sep>ate (f5se4 7#c7 ,if1 aft] hav+ provid$ a p]son or entity ) notice & an opportunity to be he>d reg>d+ a civil action "u subp>agraph 7#b7 = ! en=cem5t ( an ord]1 ! c\rt det]m9es t ! ord] 0 regul>ly made & duly s]v$1 & t ! p]son or entity is 9 disob$i5ce ( ! same1 ! c\rt %all en=ce ob$i5ce to su* ord] by an injunction or o!r prop] process1 m&atory or o!rwise1 to-- 7,a7 re/ra9 su* p]son or entity or ! (fic]s1 ag5ts1 or repres5tatives ( su* p]son or entity1 f fur!r disob$i5ce to su* ord]2 or 7,b7 enjo9 su* p]son or entity1 (fic]s1 ag5ts1 or repres5tatives to ob$i5ce to ! same4 2 7,d7 9 subsection 7f7-- 7i7 by /rik+ proce$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! case ( an application by ! ,bo>d "u subsection 7e7 ( ?is section1 & ins]t+ proce$ z provid$ "u p>agraph 7#b7 ( ?is subsection2 7ii7 by /rik+ ,any & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,)9 #cj days ( ! issuance ( an ord]1 any 2 & 7iii7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#b7 ,no objection t has n be5 urg$ be=e ! ,bo>d1 its memb]1 ag5t1 or ag5cy %all be consid]$ by a c\rt1 unless ! failure or neglect to urge su* objection %all be excus$ because ( extraord9>y circum/ances4 ,! f9d+s ( ! ,bo>d ) respect to que/ions ( fact if support$ by sub/antial evid5ce on ! record consid]$ z a :ole %all be conclusive4 ,if ei!r p>ty %all apply to ! c\rt = leave to adduce additional evid5ce & %all %[ to ! satisfaction ( ! c\rt t su* additional evid5ce is mat]ial & t !re 7 reasonable gr\nds = ! failure to adduce su* evid5ce 9 ! he>+ be=e ! ,bo>d1 its memb]1 ag5t1 or ag5cy1 ! c\rt may ord] su* additional evid5ce to be tak5 be=e ! ,bo>d1 its memb]1 ag5t1 or ag5cy1 & to be made a "p ( ! record4 ,! ,bo>d may modify its f9d+s z to ! facts1 or make new f9d+s1 by reason ( additional evid5ce s tak5 & fil$1 & x %all file su* modifi$ or new f9d+s1 :i* f9d+s ) respect to que/ions ( fact if support$ by sub/antial evid5ce on ! record consid]$ z a :ole %all be conclusive1 & %all file its recomm5dations1 if any1 = ! modification or sett+ aside ( its orig9al ord]4 ,^u ! fil+ ( ! record ) x ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rt %all be exclusive & its judgm5t & decree %all be f9al1 except t ! same %all be subject to review by ! appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt ( appeals if application 0 made to ! di/rict c\rt1 & by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^u writ ( c]tior>i or c]tification z provid$ 9 section #abed ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 2 & 7,e7 9 subsection 7g71 by /rik+ subsection 7e7 or 7f7 ( ?is section & ins]t+ subsection 7d7 or 7f74 7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t ,section #ah ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afh7 is am5d$ by /rik+ section #aj7;e7 or 7f7 & ins]t+ subsection 7d7 or 7f7 ( section #aj4 7h7 ,injunctions aga9/ unfair labor practices involv+ dis*>ge or o!r s]i\s economic h>m ,section #aj ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afj7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7j7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,! ,bo>d & ins]t+ 7#a7 ,! ,bo>d2 & 7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#b7 ,not)/&+ subsection 7m71 :5ev] x is *>g$ t an employ] has engag$ 9 an unfair labor practice )9 ! mean+ ( p>agraph 7#a7 or 7#c7 ( section #h7;a7 t significantly int]f]es )1 re/ra9s1 or co]ces employees 9 ! ex]cise ( ! rights gu>ante$ "u section #g1 or involves dis*>ge or o!r s]i\s economic h>m to an employee1 ! prelim9>y inve/igation ( su* *>ge %all be made =?) & giv5 priority ov] all o!r cases except cases ( l "* 9 ! (fice :]e x is fil$ or to :i* x is ref]r$4 ,if1 aft] su* inve/igation1 ! (fic] or regional attorney to :om ! matt] may be ref]r$ has reasonable cause to believe su* *>ge is true & t a compla9t %\ld issue1 su* (fic] or attorney %all br+ a petition = appropriate tempor>y relief or re/ra9+ ord] z set =? 9 p>agraph 7#a74 ,! di/rict c\rt %all grant ! relief reque/$ unless ! c\rt concludes t !re is no reasonable likelihood t ! ,bo>d w succe$ on ! m]its ( ! ,bo>d's claim4 2 & 7#b7 by repeal+ subsections 7k7 & 7l74 7i7 ,p5alties 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #ab ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afb7 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,sec4 #ab4 ,any p]son & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 #ab4 ,p5alties 7a7 ,violations = int]f]5ce ) bo>d ,any p]son 2 & 7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7b7 ,violations = po/+ requirem5ts & vot] li/ ,if ! ,bo>d1 or any ag5t or ag5cy designat$ by ! ,bo>d = su* purposes1 det]m9es t an employ] has violat$ section #h7;h7 or regulations issu$ !reund]1 ! ,bo>d %all-- 7#a7 /ate ! f9d+s ( fact support+ su* det]m9ation2 7#b7 issue & cause to be s]v$ on su* employ] an ord] requir+ t su* employ] comply ) section #h7;h7 or regulations issu$ !reund]2 & 7#c7 impose a civil p5alty 9 an am\nt det]m9$ appropriate by ! ,bo>d1 except t 9 no case %all ! am\nt ( su* p5alty exce$ #ejj = ea* su* violation4 7c7 ,civil p5alties = violations 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any employ] :o commits an unfair labor practice )9 ! mean+ ( section #h7;a7 %all1 9 addition to any rem$y ord]$ by ! ,bo>d1 be subject to a civil p5alty 9 an am\nt n to exce$ #ej1jjj = ea* violation1 except t1 ) respect to an unfair labor practice )9 ! mean+ ( p>agraph 7#c7 or 7#d7 ( section #h7;a7 or a violation ( section #h7;a7 t results 9 ! dis*>ge ( an employee or o!r s]i\s economic h>m to an employee1 ! ,bo>d %all d\ble ! am\nt ( su* p5alty1 to an am\nt n to exce$ #ajj1jjj1 9 any case :]e ! employ] has )9 ! prec$+ #e ye>s committ$ ano!r su* violation4 7#b7 ,consid]ations ,9 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( any civil p5alty "u ?is subsection1 ! ,bo>d %all consid]-- 7,a7 ! gravity ( ! unfair labor practice2 7,b7 ! impact ( ! unfair labor practice on ! *>g+ p>ty1 on o!r p]sons seek+ to ex]cise rights gu>ante$ by ?is ,act1 & on ! public int]e/2 & 7,c7 ! gross income ( ! employ]4 7#c7 ,director & (fic] liability ,if ! ,bo>d det]m9es1 bas$ on ! p>ticul> facts & circum/ances pres5t$1 t a director or (fic]'s p]sonal liability is w>rant$1 a civil p5alty = a violation describ$ 9 ?is subsection may also be assess$ aga9/ any director or (fic] ( ! employ] :o direct$ or committ$ ! violation1 _h e/abli%$ a policy t l$ to su* a violation1 or _h actual or con/ructive k ( & ! au?ority to prev5t ! violation & fail$ to prev5t ! violation4 7d7 ,"r to civil action 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any p]son :o is injur$ by reason ( a violation ( p>agraph 7#a7 or 7#c7 ( section #h7;a7 may1 aft] #fj days foll[+ ! fil+ ( a *>ge ) ! ,bo>d alleg+ an unfair labor practice1 br+ a civil action 9 ! appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ ! employ] )9 #ij days aft] ! expiration ( ! #fj-;day p]iod or ! date ! ,bo>d notifies ! p]son t no compla9t %all issue1 :i*ev] occurs e>li]1 provid$ t ! ,bo>d has n fil$ a petition "u section #aj7;j7 ( ?is ,act prior to ! expiration ( ! #fj-;day p]iod4 ,no relief "u ?is subsection %all be d5i$ on ! basis t ! employee is1 or 0 dur+ ! "t ( relevant employm5t or dur+ ! back pay p]iod1 an unau?oriz$ ali5 z def9$ 9 section #bgd;,a7h77#c7 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #acbd;a7h77#c77 or any o!r provision ( ,f$]al law relat+ to ! unlawful employm5t ( ali5s4 7#b7 ,available relief ,relief grant$ 9 an action "u p>agraph 7#a7 may include-- 7,a7 back pay )\t any r$uction1 includ+ any r$uction bas$ on ! employee's int]im e>n+s or failure to e>n int]im e>n+s2 7,b7 front pay 7:5 appropriate72 7,c7 consequ5tial damages2 7,d7 an additional am\nt z liquidat$ damages equal to two times ! cumulative am\nt ( damages aw>d$ "u subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,c72 7,e7 9 appropriate cases1 punitive damages 9 accordance ) p>agraph 7#d72 & 7,f7 any o!r relief au?oriz$ by section #gjf7;g7 ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;e-#e7;g77 or by section #aigg;,a7b7 ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aiha;a7b774 7#c7 ,attorney's fees ,9 any civil action "u ?is subsection1 ! c\rt may all[ ! prevail+ p>ty a reasonable attorney's fee 7includ+ exp]t fees7 & o!r reasonable co/s associat$ ) ma9ta9+ ! action4 7#d7 ,punitive damages ,9 aw>d+ punitive damages "u p>agraph 7#b77;,e71 ! c\rt %all consid]-- 7,a7 ! gravity ( ! unfair labor practice2 7,b7 ! impact ( ! unfair labor practice on ! *>g+ p>ty1 on o!r p]sons seek+ to ex]cise rights gu>ante$ by ?is ,act1 & on ! public int]e/2 & 7,c7 ! gross income ( ! employ]4 4 7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts ,section #aj7;b7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afj7;b77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by /rik+ six mon?s & ins]t+ #ahj days2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ ! six-mon? p]iod & ins]t+ ! #ahj-;day p]iod4 7j7 ,limitations ,section #ac ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afc7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 3 ,provid$1 ,t ! duration1 scope1 frequ5cy1 or int]mitt5ce ( any /rike or /rikes %all n r5d] su* /rike or /rikes unprotect$ or prohibit$44 7k7 ,fair %>e agreem5ts p]mitt$ ,section #ad7;b7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #afd7;b77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 3 ,provid$1 ,t collective b>ga9+ agreem5ts provid+ t all employees 9 a b>ga9+ unit %all contribute fees to a labor organization = ! co/ ( repres5tation1 collective b>ga9+1 contract en=cem5t1 & relat$ exp5ditures z a condition ( employm5t %all be valid & en=ceable not)/&+ any ,/ate or ,t]ritorial law44 #c4 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts to ! ,labor ,managem5t ,relations ,act1 #aidg ,! ,labor ,managem5t ,relations ,act1 #aidg is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section #bac7;a7 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ahc7;a771 by /rik+ clause 7,a7 ( ! la/ s5t5ce ( section #h7;d7 7:i* is requir$ by clause 7#c7 ( su* section #h7;d771 or )9 #aj days aft] ! notice "u clause 7,b7 & ins]t+ section #h7;d77#b77;,a7 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7:i* is requir$ by section #h7;d77#a77;,c7 ( su* ,act71 or )9 #aj days aft] ! notice "u section #h7;d77#b77;,b7 ( su* ,act2 & 7#b7 by repeal+ section #cjc 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ahg74 #d4 ,am5dm5ts to ! ,labor-,managem5t ,report+ & ,disclosure ,act ( #aiei 7a7 ,9 ,g5]al ,section #bjc7;c7 ( ! ,labor-,managem5t ,report+ & ,disclosure ,act ( #aiei 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #dcc7;c77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+ 3 ,provid$1 ,t ?is subsection %all n exempt f ! requirem5ts ( ?is section any arrangem5t or "p ( an arrangem5t 9 :i* a p>ty agrees1 = an object describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#a71 to plan or conduct employee meet+s2 tra9 sup]visors or employ] repres5tatives to conduct meet+s2 coord9ate or direct activities ( sup]visors or employ] repres5tatives2 e/abli% or facilitate employee committees2 id5tify employees = discipl9>y action1 rew>d1 or o!r t>get+2 or draft or revise employ] p]sonnel policies1 spee*es1 pres5tations1 or o!r writt51 record$1 or electronic communications to be deliv]$ or dissem9at$ to employees44 7b7 ,:i/lebl[] protections ,! ,labor-,managem5t ,report+ & ,disclosure ,act ( #aiei 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #dja et seq47 is fur!r am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+ section #faa 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #eca7 z section #fab2 & 7#b7 by ins]t+ aft] section #faj 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ecj71 ! foll[+ new section3 #faa4 ,:i/lebl[] ,protections 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,no employ] or labor organization %all t]m9ate or 9 any o!r way discrim9ate aga9/1 or cause to be t]m9at$ or discrim9at$ aga9/1 any applicant1 cov]$ employee1 or =m] cov]$ employee1 ( ! employ] or ! labor organization by reason ( ! fact t su* applicant1 cov]$ employee1 or =m] cov]$ employee does1 or ! employ] or labor organization p]ceives ! employee to d1 any ( ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,provide1 cause to be provid$1 or is ab\t to provide or cause to be provid$1 in=mation to ! labor organization1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor1 or any o!r ,/ate1 local1 or ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t au?ority or law en=cem5t ag5cy relat+ to any violation (1 or any act or omission t su* employee reasonably believes to be a violation (1 any provision ( ?is ,act4 7#b7 ,te/ify or plan to te/ify or o!rwise p>ticipate 9 any proce$+ result+ f ! adm9i/ration or en=cem5t ( any provision ( ?is ,act4 7#c7 ,file1 in/itute1 or cause to be fil$ or in/itut$1 any proce$+ "u ?is ,act4 7#d7 ,assi/ 9 any activity describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#c74 7#e7 ,object to1 or refuse to p>ticipate 91 any activity1 policy1 practice1 or assign$ task t su* cov]$ employee reasonably believes to be 9 violation ( any provision ( ?is ,act4 7b7 ,def9ition ( cov]$ employee ,= ! purposes ( ?is section1 ! t]m cov]$ employee means any employee or ag5t ( an employ] or labor organization1 includ+ any p]son ) managem5t responsibilities on behalf ( ! employ] or labor organization4 7c7 ,proc$ures & timetables 7#a7 ,compla9t 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,an applicant1 cov]$ employee1 or =m] cov]$ employee :o believes t he or %e has be5 t]m9at$ or 9 any o!r way discrim9at$ aga9/ by any p]son 9 violation ( subsection 7a7 may file 7or h any p]son file on 8 or h] behalf7 a compla9t ) ! ,secret>y ( ,labor alleg+ su* violation4 ,su* a compla9t mu/ be fil$ n lat] ?an ei!r-- 7i7 #ahj days aft] ! date on :i* su* alleg$ violation occurs2 or 7ii7 #ahj days aft] ! date ^u :i* ! employee kn[s or %\ld reasonably h kn[n t su* alleg$ violation 9 subsection 7a7 occurr$4 7,b7 ,actions ( ,secret>y ( ,labor ,^u receipt ( su* a compla9t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor %all notify1 9 writ+1 ! p]son nam$ 9 ! compla9t :o is alleg$ to h committ$ ! violation1 (-- 7i7 ! fil+ ( ! compla9t2 7ii7 ! allegations conta9$ 9 ! compla9t2 7iii7 ! sub/ance ( evid5ce support+ ! compla9t2 & 7iv7 opportunities t w be af=d$ to su* p]son "u p>agraph 7#b74 7#b7 ,inve/igation by ,secret>y ( ,labor 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date ( receipt ( a compla9t fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 & aft] af=d+ ! compla9ant & ! p]son nam$ 9 ! compla9t :o is alleg$ to h committ$ ! violation t is ! basis = ! compla9t an opportunity to submit to ! ,secret>y ( ,labor a writt5 response to ! compla9t & an opportunity to meet ) a repres5tative ( ! ,secret>y ( ,labor to pres5t /atem5ts f witnesses1 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor %all-- 7i7 initiate an inve/igation & det]m9e :e!r !re is reasonable cause to believe t ! compla9t has m]it2 & 7ii7 notify ! compla9ant & ! p]son alleg$ to h committ$ ! violation ( subsection 7a71 9 writ+1 ( su* det]m9ation4 7,b7 ,gr\nds = det]m9ation ( compla9ts ,! ,secret>y ( ,labor %all dismiss a compla9t fil$ "u ?is subsection1 & %all n conduct an inve/igation o!rwise requir$ "u p>agraph 7#b71 unless ! compla9ant makes a prima facie %[+ t any behavior describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#e7 ( subsection 7a7 0 a contribut+ factor 9 ! unfavorable p]sonnel action alleg$ 9 ! compla9t4 7#c7 ,burd5s ( pro( 7,a7 ,crit]ia = det]m9ation ,9 mak+ a det]m9ation or adjudicat+ a compla9t pursuant to ?is subsection1 ! ,secret>y1 an adm9i/rative law judge or a c\rt may det]m9e t a violation ( subsection 7a7 has occurr$ only if ! compla9ant demon/rates t any conduct describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 ) respect to ! compla9ant 0 a contribut+ factor 9 ! adv]se action alleg$ 9 ! compla9t4 7,b7 ,prohibition ,not)/&+ subp>agraph 7,a71 a decision or ord] t is favorable to ! compla9ant %all n be issu$ 9 any adm9i/rative or judicial action pursuant to ?is subsection if ! respond5t demon/rates by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce t ! respond5t w\ld h tak5 ! same adv]se action 9 ! abs5ce ( su* conduct4 7,c7 ,notice ( relief available ,if ! ,secret>y ( ,labor concludes t !re is reasonable cause to believe t a violation ( subsection 7a7 has occurr$1 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor %all1 toge!r ) ! notice "u subp>agraph 7,a77ii71 issue a prelim9>y ord] provid+ ! relief prescrib$ by p>agraph 7#d77;,b74 7,d7 ,reque/ = he>+ ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] ! date ( receipt ( notification ( a det]m9ation ( ! ,secret>y ( ,labor "u ?is p>agraph1 ei!r ! p]son alleg$ to h committ$ ! violation or ! compla9ant may file objections to ! f9d+s or prelim9>y ord]1 or bo?1 & reque/ a he>+ on ! record4 ,! fil+ ( su* objections %all n op]ate to /ay any re9/atem5t rem$y conta9$ 9 ! prelim9>y ord]4 ,any su* he>+ %all be conduct$ exp$iti\sly1 & if a he>+ is n reque/$ 9 su* #cj-;day p]iod1 ! prelim9>y ord] %all be deem$ a f9al ord] t is n subject to judicial review4 7,e7 ,proc$ures 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,a he>+ reque/$ "u ?is p>agraph %all be conduct$ exp$iti\sly & 9 accordance ) rules e/abli%$ by ! ,secret>y = he>+s conduct$ by adm9i/rative law judges4 7ii7 ,subpo5as2 production ( evid5ce ,9 conduct+ any su* he>+1 ! adm9i/rative law judge may issue subpo5as4 ,! respond5t or compla9ant may reque/ ! issuance ( subpo5as t require ! deposition (1 or ! att5dance & te/imony (1 witnesses & ! production ( any evid5ce 7includ+ any books1 pap]s1 docum5ts1 or record+s7 relat+ to ! matt] "u consid]ation4 7#d7 ,issuance ( f9al ord]s2 review proc$ures 7,a7 ,tim+ ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( conclusion ( any he>+ "u p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor %all issue a f9al ord] provid+ ! relief prescrib$ by ?is p>agraph or d5y+ ! compla9t4 ,at any "t be=e issuance ( a f9al ord]1 a proce$+ "u ?is subsection may be t]m9at$ on ! basis ( a settlem5t agreem5t ent]$ into by ! ,secret>y ( ,labor1 ! compla9ant1 & ! p]son alleg$ to h committ$ ! violation4 7,b7 ,available relief 7i7 ,ord] ( ,secret>y ( ,labor ,if1 9 response to a compla9t fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor det]m9es t a violation ( subsection 7a7 has occurr$1 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor %all ord] ! p]son :o committ$ su* violation-- 7,i7 to take affirmative action to abate ! violation2 7,,ii7 to re9/ate ! compla9ant to 8 or h] =m] position1 toge!r ) comp5sation 7includ+ back pay ) int]e/7 & re/ore ! t]ms1 conditions1 & privileges associat$ ) 8 or h] employm5t2 7,,iii7 to provide comp5satory damages to ! compla9ant2 & 7,,iv7 expungem5t ( all w>n+s1 reprim&s1 or d]ogatory ref]5ces t h be5 plac$ 9 pap] or electronic records or databases ( any type relat+ to ! actions by ! compla9ant t gave rise to ! unfavorable p]sonnel action1 &1 at ! compla9ant's direction1 transmission ( a copy ( ! decision on ! compla9t to any p]son :om ! compla9ant reasonably believes may h receiv$ su* unfavorable in=mation4 7ii7 ,co/s & exp5ses ,if an ord] is issu$ "u clause 7i71 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor1 at ! reque/ ( ! compla9ant1 %all assess aga9/ ! p]son aga9/ :om ! ord] is issu$1 a sum equal to ! aggregate am\nt ( all co/s & exp5ses 7includ+ attorney fees & exp]t witness fees7 reasonably incurr$1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,labor1 by ! compla9ant =1 or 9 connection )1 ! br++ ( ! compla9t ^u :i* ! ord] 0 issu$4 7,c7 ,frivol\s claims ,if ! ,secret>y ( ,labor f9ds t a compla9t "u p>agraph 7#a7 is frivol\s or has be5 br\ght 9 bad fai?1 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor may aw>d to ! prevail+ employ] or labor organization a reasonable attorney fee1 n exce$+ #a1jjj1 to be paid by ! compla9ant4 7,d7 ,de novo review 7i7 ,failure ( ! secret>y to act ,if ! ,secret>y ( ,labor has n issu$ a f9al ord] )9 #bgj days aft] ! date ( fil+ ( a compla9t "u ?is subsection1 or )9 #ij days aft] ! date ( receipt ( a writt5 det]m9ation1 ! compla9ant may br+ an action at law or equity = de novo review 9 ! appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates hav+ jurisdiction1 :i* %all h jurisdiction ov] su* an action )\t reg>d to ! am\nt 9 controv]sy1 & :i* action %all1 at ! reque/ ( ei!r p>ty to su* action1 be tri$ by ! c\rt ) a jury4 7ii7 ,proc$ures ,a proce$+ "u clause 7i7 %all be gov]n$ by ! same legal burd5s ( pro( specifi$ 9 p>agraph 7#c74 ,! c\rt %all h jurisdiction to grant all relief necess>y to make ! employee :ole1 includ+ injunctive relief & comp5satory damages1 includ+-- 7,i7 re9/atem5t ) ! same s5iority /atus t ! employee w\ld h _h1 b = ! dis*>ge or discrim9ation2 7,,ii7 ! am\nt ( back pay1 ) int]e/2 7,,iii7 comp5sation = any special damages su/a9$ z a result ( ! dis*>ge or discrim9ation1 includ+ litigation co/s1 exp]t witness fees1 & reasonable attorney fees2 & 7,,iv7 expungem5t ( all w>n+s1 reprim&s1 or d]ogatory ref]5ces t h be5 plac$ 9 pap] or electronic records or databases ( any type relat+ to ! actions by ! compla9ant t gave rise to ! unfavorable p]sonnel action1 &1 at ! compla9ant's direction1 transmission ( a copy ( ! decision on ! compla9t to any p]son :om ! compla9ant reasonably believes may h receiv$ su* unfavorable in=mation4 7,e7 ,o!r appeals ,unless ! compla9ant br+s an action "u subp>agraph 7,d71 any p]son adv]sely affect$ or aggriev$ by a f9al ord] issu$ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 may file a petition = review ( ! ord] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! circuit 9 :i* ! violation ) respect to :i* ! ord] 0 issu$1 alleg$ly occurr$ or ! circuit 9 :i* ! compla9ant resid$ on ! date ( su* violation1 n lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date ( ! issuance ( ! f9al ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,labor "u subp>agraph 7,a74 ,review %all con=m to *apt] #g ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,! comm5cem5t ( proce$+s "u ?is subp>agraph %all n1 unless ord]$ by ! c\rt1 op]ate z a /ay ( ! ord]4 ,an ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,labor ) respect to :i* review c\ld h be5 obta9$ "u ?is subp>agraph %all n be subject to judicial review 9 any crim9al or o!r civil proce$+4 7#e7 ,failure to comply ) ord] 7,a7 ,actions by ! ,secret>y ,if any p]son has fail$ to comply ) a f9al ord] issu$ "u p>agraph 7#d71 ! ,secret>y ( ,labor may file a civil action 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt = ! di/rict 9 :i* ! violation 0 f\nd to h occurr$1 or 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 to en=ce su* ord]4 ,9 actions br\ght "u ?is p>agraph1 ! di/rict c\rts %all h jurisdiction to grant all appropriate relief includ+ injunctive relief1 comp5satory & punitive damages4 7,b7 ,civil actions to compel compliance ,a p]son on ^: behalf an ord] 0 issu$ "u p>agraph 7#d7 may comm5ce a civil action aga9/ ! p]son to :om su* ord] 0 issu$ to require compliance ) su* ord]4 ,! appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt %all h jurisdiction1 )\t reg>d to ! am\nt 9 controv]sy or ! citiz5%ip ( ! p>ties1 to en=ce su* ord]4 7,c7 ,aw>d ( co/s au?oriz$ ,! c\rt1 9 issu+ any f9al ord] "u ?is p>agraph1 may aw>d co/s ( litigation 7includ+ reasonable attorney & exp]t witness fees7 to any p>ty1 :5ev] ! c\rt det]m9es su* aw>d is appropriate4 7,d7 ,m&amus proce$+s ,any nondiscretion>y duty impos$ by ?is section %all be en=ceable 9 a m&amus proce$+ br\ght "u section #acfa ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7d7 ,un5=ceability ( c]ta9 agreem5ts ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 ! rights & rem$ies provid$ = 9 ?is section may n be waiv$ by any agreem5t1 policy1 =m1 or condition ( employm5t1 includ+ by any pr$ispute arbitration agreem5t4 7e7 ,sav+s ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection %all be con/ru$ to dim9i% ! rights1 privileges1 or rem$ies ( any employee :o ex]cises rights "u any ,f$]al or ,/ate law or common law1 or "u any collective b>ga9+ agreem5t4 4 #e4 ,rule ( ,con/ruction ,! am5dm5ts made "u ?is ,act %all n be con/ru$ to am5d section #bgd;,a ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #acbd;a74 #f4 ,,gao report on sectoral b>ga9+ 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al1 9 consultation ) ! p]sons describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 %all prep>e & submit to ! ,committee on ,education & ,labor ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on ,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions ( ! ,s5ate a report1 t-- 7#a7 id5tifies & analyzes ! laws1 policies1 & proc$ures 9 c\ntries outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]n+ collective b>ga9+ at ! level ( an indu/ry sector1 includ+ ! laws1 policies1 & proc$ures involv$ 9-- 7,a7 ! adm9i/rative sy/em facilitat+ su* b>ga9+2 7,b7 h[ collective b>ga9+ agreem5ts are r5d]$ b9d+ on all firms 9 an indu/ry sector2 7,c7 def9+ an indu/ry sector2 7,d7 ! relation%ip betwe5 collective b>ga9+ at ! level ( an individual employ] or gr\p ( employ]s & at ! level ( an indu/ry sector2 7,e7 ! designation ( repres5tatives = collective b>ga9+ at ! level ( an indu/ry sector2 7,f7 ! scope ( collective b>ga9+ & impasses at ! level ( an indu/ry sector2 & 7,g7 ! provision or adm9i/ration ( b5efits by labor organizations 7su* z unemploym5t insurance71 or union security at ! firm level or ! level ( an indu/ry sector1 to cov] ! co/s ( collective b>ga9+ at ! level ( an indu/ry sector2 7#b7 conducts a comp>ative analysis ( ! laws1 policies1 & proc$ures specifi$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 t h be5 enact$ 9 c\ntries outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#c7 to ! ext5t practicable1 id5tifies ! effects ( su* laws1 policies1 & proc$ures on-- 7,a7 ! wages & comp5sation ( employees2 7,b7 ! numb] ( employees1 disaggregat$ by full-"t & "p-"t employees2 7,c7 prices1 sales1 & rev5ues2 7,d7 employee turnov] & ret5tion2 7,e7 hir+ & tra9+ co/s2 7,f7 productivity & abs5teeism2 & 7,g7 ! developm5t ( em]g+ indu/ries1 includ+ ^? t engage _! work=ces ?r\gh te*nology2 & 7#d7 describes ! me?odology us$ to g5]ate ! in=mation 9 ! report4 7b7 ,exp]t consultation ,! p]sons describ$ 9 ?is subsection are-- 7#a7 work]s & ! labor organizations repres5t+ su* work]s2 7#b7 repres5tatives ( bus9esses2 7#c7 ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,bo>d2 7#d7 ! ,int]national ,labor ,organization2 & 7#e7 ! ,int]national ,labor ,affairs ,bureau ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor4 7c7 ,congressional assessm5t & recomm5dations ,n lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date on :i* ! report is submitt$ "u subsection 7a71 ! ,committee on ,education & ,labor ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on ,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions ( ! ,s5ate %all-- 7#a7 assess ! f9d+s ( su* report2 & 7#b7 make recomm5dations ) respect to actions ( ,congress to address ! f9d+s ( su* report4 #g4 ,rule ( ,con/ruction ,! am5dm5ts made "u ?is ,act %all n be con/ru$ to affect ! def9itions ( employ] or employee "u ! laws ( any ,/ate t gov]n ! wages1 "w h\rs1 work]s' comp5sation1 or unemploym5t insurance ( employees4 #h4 ,rule ( ,con/ruction ,! am5dm5ts made "u ?is ,act %all n be con/ru$ to affect ! privacy ( employees ) respect to vot] li/s provid$ to labor organizations by employ]s pursuant to elections direct$ by ! ,bo>d4 #i4 ,rule ( ,con/ruction ,! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act %all n be con/ru$ to affect ! jurisdictional /&>ds ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,bo>d1 includ+ any /&>ds t measure ! size ( a bus9ess ) respect to rev5ues1 t are us$ to det]m9e :e!r an indu/ry is affect+ comm]ce = purposes ( det]m9+ cov]age "u ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq474 #aj4 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y to c>ry out ! provisions ( ?is ,act1 includ+ any am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act4 ,pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,febru>y #f1 #bjbj4;,*]yl ,l4 ,johnson1,cl]k4