,,ii  ,cal5d> ,no4 #bff #aaf? ,,congress
  #a/ ,session  ,h4 ,r4 #bdbf  ,,9 ,,!  
,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,octob]
 #bc1 #bjai,receiv$2 read twice & plac$ 
on ! cal5d>  ,,an ,,act  ,to am5d title 
#ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to e/abli% an 
alt]native dispute resolution program = 
copyright small claims1 & = o!r         
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,copyright ,alt]native 9   
,small-,claims ,en=cem5t ,act ( #bjai or
 ! ,,case ,act ( #bjai4  #b4 ,copyright 
small claims  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,title #ag1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #ae ,copyright ,small 
,claims  ,sec4 #aeja4 ,def9itions4      
#aejb4 ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4 #aejc4 
,au?ority & duties ( ! ,copyright       
,claims ,bo>d4 #aejd4 ,nature (         
proce$+s4 #aeje4 ,regi/ration           
requirem5t4 #aejf4 ,conduct ( proce$+s4 
#aejg4 ,effect ( proce$+4 #aejh4 ,review
 & confirmation by di/rict c\rt4 #aeji4 
,relation%ip to o!r di/rict c\rt        
actions4 #aeaj4 ,implem5tation by       

,copyright ,(fice4 #aeaa4 ,fund+4       
#aeja4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is *apt]-- 7#a7 !
 t]m p>ty--  7,a7 means a p>ty2 &  7,b7 
includes ! attorney ( a p>ty1 z         
applicable2  7#b7 ! t]m claimant means !
 real p>ty 9 int]e/ t comm5ces a proce$+
 be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d "u     
section #aejf7;e71 pursuant to a        
p]missible claim ( infr+em5t br\ght "u  
section #aejd7;c77#a71 non9fr+em5t      
br\ght "u section #aejd7;c77#b71 or     
misrepres5tation br\ght "u section      
#aejd7;c77#c72  7#c7 ! t]m c\nt]claimant
 means a respond5t 9 a proce$+ be=e !   
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d t-- 7,a7 ass]ts
 a p]missible c\nt]claim "u section     
#aejd7;c77#d7 aga9/ ! claimant 9 !      
proce$+2 &  7,b7 is ! real p>ty 9 int]e/
 ) respect to ! c\nt]claim describ$ 9   
subp>agraph 7,a72 &  7#d7 ! t]m         
respond5t means any p]son aga9/ :om a   
proce$+ is br\ght be=e ! ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d "u section #aejf7;e71     
pursuant to a p]missible claim (        
infr+em5t br\ght "u section             

#aejd7;c77#a71 non9fr+em5t br\ght "u    
section #aejd7;c77#b71 or               
misrepres5tation br\ght "u section      
#aejd7;c77#c74  #aejb4 ,copyright       
,claims ,bo>d  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re is     
e/abli%$ 9 ! ,copyright ,(fice !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 :i* %all s]ve 
z an alt]native =um 9 :i* p>ties may    
volunt>ily seek to resolve c]ta9        
copyright claims reg>d+ any category (  
copyright$ "w1 z provid$ 9 ?is *apt]4   
7b7 ,(fic]s & /aff  7#a7 ,copyright     
claims (fic]s ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights  
%all recomm5d ?ree full-"t ,copyright   
,claims ,(fic]s to s]ve on ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d 9 accordance ) p>agraph   
7#c77;,a74 ,! ,(fic]s %all be appo9t$ by
 ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress to su*         
positions aft] consultation ) ! ,regi/] 
( ,copyrights4  7#b7 ,copyright claims  
attorneys ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all 
hire n few] ?an two full-"t ,copyright  
,claims ,attorneys to assi/ 9 !         
adm9i/ration ( ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d4  7#c7 ,qualifications  7,a7      

,copyright claims (fic]s  7i7 ,9 g5]al  
,ea* ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] %all be  
an attorney :o has n few] ?an #g ye>s ( 
legal exp]i5ce4  7ii7 ,exp]i5ce ,two ( !
 ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s %all h--    
7,i7 sub/antial exp]i5ce 9 ! evaluation1
 litigation1 or adjudication ( copyright
 infr+em5t claims2 &  7,,ii7 betwe5 ^?  
two ,(fic]s1 h repres5t$ or presid$ ov] 
a div]sity ( copyright int]e/s1 includ+ 
^? ( bo? own]s & us]s ( copyright$      
works4  7iii7 ,alt]native dispute       
resolution ,! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] 
n describ$ 9 clause 7ii7 %all h         
sub/antial famili>ity ) copyright law & 
exp]i5ce 9 ! field ( alt]native dispute 
resolution1 includ+ ! resolution (      
litigation matt]s ?r\gh t me?od (       
resolution4  7,b7 ,copyright claims     
attorneys ,ea* ,copyright ,claims       
,attorney %all be an attorney :o has n  
few] ?an #c ye>s ( sub/antial exp]i5ce 9
 copyright law4  7#d7 ,comp5sation  7,a7
 ,copyright claims (fic]s  7i7          
,def9ition ,9 ?is subp>agraph1 ! t]m    

s5ior level employee ( ! ,f$]al         
,gov]nm5t means an employee1 o!r ?an an 
employee 9 ! ,s5ior ,executive ,s]vice1 
! position ( :om is classifi$ above     
,,gs-#ae ( ! ,g5]al ,s*$ule4  7ii7 ,pay 
range ,ea* ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]    
%all be comp5sat$ at a rate ( pay t is n
 less ?an ! m9imum1 & n m ?an ! maximum1
 rate ( pay payable = s5ior level       
employees ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ 
locality pay1 z applicable4  7,b7       
,copyright claims attorneys ,ea*        
,copyright ,claims ,attorney %all be    
comp5sat$ at a rate ( pay t is n m ?an !
 maximum rate ( pay payable = level #aj 
( ,,gs-#ae ( ! ,g5]al ,s*$ule1 includ+  
locality pay1 z applicable4  7#e7 ,t]ms 
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject to subp>agraph   
7,b71 a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] %all  
s]ve = a r5ewable t]m ( #f ye>s4  7,b7  
,initial t]ms ,! t]ms = ! fir/          
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s appo9t$ "u   
?is *apt] %all be z foll[s3 7i7 ,! fir/ 
su* ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] appo9t$   
%all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( #d ye>s4  7ii7

 ,! second ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]    
appo9t$ %all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( #e    
ye>s4  7iii7 ,! ?ird ,copyright ,claims 
,(fic] appo9t$ %all be appo9t$ = a t]m (
 #f ye>s4  7#f7 ,vacancies & incapacity 
7,a7 ,vacancy  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,if a       
vacancy occurs 9 ! position ( a         
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]1 ! ,libr>ian (
 ,congress %all1 ^u ! recomm5dation ( & 
9 consultation ) ! ,regi/] (            
,copyrights1 act exp$iti\sly to appo9t a
 ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] = t position4
  7ii7 ,vacancy be=e expiration ,an     
individual appo9t$ to fill a vacancy    
occurr+ be=e ! expiration ( ! t]m = :i* 
! pr$ecessor ( ! individual 0 appo9t$   
%all be appo9t$ to s]ve a #f-ye> t]m4   
7,b7 ,incapacity ,if a ,copyright       
,claims ,(fic] is tempor>ily unable to  
p]=m ! duties ( ! ,(fic]1 ! ,libr>ian ( 
,congress %all1 ^u recomm5dation ( & 9  
consultation ) ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 
act exp$iti\sly to appo9t an int]im     
,copyright ,claims ,(fic] to p]=m su*   
duties dur+ ! p]iod ( su* incapacity4   

7#g7 ,sanction or removal ,subject to   
section #aejc7;b71 ! ,libr>ian (        
,congress may sanction or remove a      
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]4  7#h7        
,adm9i/rative support ,! ,regi/] (      
,copyrights %all provide ! ,copyright   
,claims ,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims    
,attorneys ) necess>y adm9i/rative      
support1 includ+ te*nological           
facilities1 to c>ry out ! duties ( !    
,(fic]s & ,attorneys "u ?is *apt]4  7#i7
 ,location ( copyright claims bo>d ,!   
(fices & facilities ( ! ,copyright      
,claims ,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims    
,attorneys %all be locat$ at !          
,copyright ,(fice4  #aejc4 ,au?ority &  
duties ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  7a7
 ,functions  7#a7 ,copyright claims     
(fic]s ,subject to ! provisions ( ?is   
*apt] & applicable regulations1 !       
functions ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s
 %all be z foll[s3  7,a7 ,to r5d]       
det]m9ations on ! civil copyright       
claims1 c\nt]claims1 & def5ses t may be 
br\ght be=e ! ,(fic]s "u ?is *apt]4     

7,b7 ,to ensure t claims1 c\nt]claims1 &
 def5ses are prop]ly ass]t$ & o!rwise   
appropriate = resolution by ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d4  7,c7 ,to manage !      
proce$+s be=e ! ,(fic]s & r5d] rul+s    
p]ta9+ to ! consid]ation ( claims1      
c\nt]claims1 & def5ses1 includ+ )       
respect to s*$ul+1 discov]y1 evid5ti>y1 
& o!r matt]s4  7,d7 ,to reque/1 f       
p>ticipants & nonp>ticipants 9 a        
proce$+1 ! production ( in=mation &     
docum5ts relevant to ! resolution ( a   
claim1 c\nt]claim1 or def5se4  7,e7 ,to 
conduct he>+s & conf]5ces4  7,f7 ,to    
facilitate ! settlem5t by ! p>ties (    
claims & c\nt]claims4  7,g7  7i7 ,to    
aw>d monet>y relief2 &  7ii7 to include 
9 ! det]m9ations ( ! ,(fic]s a          
requirem5t t c]ta9 activities "u section
 #aejd7;e77#b7 cease or be mitigat$1 if 
! p>ty to und]take ! applicable measure 
has s agre$4  7,h7 ,to provide in=mation
 to ! public conc]n+ ! proc$ures &      
requirem5ts ( ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d4  7,i7 ,to ma9ta9 records ( !     

proce$+s be=e ! ,(fic]s1 c]tify (ficial 
records ( su* proce$+s z ne$$1 &1 z     
provid$ 9 section #aejf7t71 make !      
records 9 su* proce$+s available to !   
public4  7,j7 ,to c>ry out su* o!r      
duties z are set =? 9 ?is *apt]4  7,k7  
,:5 n engag$ 9 p]=m+ ! duties ( !       
,(fic]s set =? 9 ?is *apt]1 to p]=m su* 
o!r duties z may be assign$ by ! ,regi/]
 ( ,copyrights4  7#b7 ,copyright claims 
attorneys ,subject to ! provisions ( ?is
 *apt] & applicable regulations1 !      
functions ( ! ,copyright ,claims        
,attorneys %all be z foll[s3  7,a7 ,to  
provide assi/ance to ! ,copyright       
,claims ,(fic]s 9 ! adm9i/ration ( !    
duties ( ^? ,(fic]s "u ?is *apt]4  7,b7 
,to provide assi/ance to memb]s ( !     
public ) respect to ! proc$ures &       
requirem5ts ( ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d4  7,c7 ,to provide in=mation to   
pot5tial claimants contemplat+ br++ a   
p]missible action be=e ! ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d ab\t obta9+ a subpo5a "u  
section #eab7;h7 = ! sole purpose (     

id5tify+ a pot5tial respond5t 9 su* an  
action4  7,d7 ,:5 n engag$ 9 p]=m+ !    
duties ( ! ,attorneys set =? 9 ?is      
*apt]1 to p]=m su* o!r duties z may be  
assign$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7b7
 ,indep5d5ce 9 det]m9ations  7#a7 ,9    
g5]al ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all  
r5d] ! det]m9ations ( ! ,bo>d 9         
individual proce$+s indep5d5tly on !    
basis ( ! records 9 ! proce$+s be=e x & 
9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ?is title1
 judicial prec$5t1 & applicable         
regulations ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  
7#b7 ,consultation ,! ,copyright ,claims
 ,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims           
,attorneys-- 7,a7 may consult ) !       
,regi/] ( ,copyrights on g5]al issues ( 
law2 &  7,b7 subject to section         
#aejf7x71 may n consult ) ! ,regi/] (   
,copyrights ) respect to-- 7i7 ! facts (
 any p>ticul> matt] p5d+ be=e ! ,(fic]s 
& ! ,attorneys2 or  7ii7 ! application (
 law to ! facts describ$ 9 clause 7i74  
7#c7 ,p]=mance appraisals ,not)/&+ any  
o!r provision ( law or any regulation or

 policy ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress or      
,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 any p]=mance     
appraisal ( a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] 
or ,copyright ,claims ,attorney may n   
consid] ! sub/antive result ( any       
individual det]m9ation rea*$ by !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d z a basis =    
appraisal except to ! ext5t t result may
 relate to any actual or alleg$         
violation ( an e?ical /&>d ( conduct4   
7c7 ,direction by regi/] ,subject to    
subsection 7b71 ! ,copyright ,claims    
,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims ,attorneys 
%all1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( _! duties1 be  
"u ! g5]al direction ( ! ,regi/] (      
,copyrights4  7d7 ,inconsi/5t duties    
b>r$ ,a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] or    
,copyright ,claims ,attorney may n      
und]take any duty t conflicts ) ! duties
 ( ! ,(fic] or ,attorney 9 connection ) 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7e7        
,recusal ,a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] or
 ,copyright ,claims ,attorney %all      
recuse himself or h]self f p>ticipation 
9 any proce$+ ) respect to :i* !        

,copyright ,claims ,(fic] or ,copyright 
,claims ,attorney1 z ! case may be1 has 
reason to believe t he or %e has a      
conflict ( int]e/4  7f7 ,ex p>te        
communications ,except z may o!rwise be 
p]mitt$ by applicable law1 any p>ty to a
 proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 %all refra9 f ex p>te communications ) 
! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s & ! ,regi/]
 ( ,copyrights conc]n+ ! sub/ance ( any 
active or p5d+ proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d4  7g7 ,judicial review   
,actions ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s 
& ,regi/] ( ,copyrights "u ?is *apt] 9  
connection ) ! r5d]+ ( any det]m9ation  
are subject to judicial review z provid$
 "u section #aejh7;c7 & n "u *apt] #g ( 
title #e4  #aejd4 ,nature ( proce$+s    
7a7 ,volunt>y p>ticipation ,p>ticipation
 9 a ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d proce$+   
%all be on a volunt>y basis 9 accordance
 ) ?is *apt] & ! "r ( any p>ty to in/ead
 pursue a claim1 c\nt]claim1 or def5se 9
 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 any  
o!r c\rt1 or any o!r =um1 & to seek a   

jury trial1 %all be pres]v$4 ,! rights1 
rem$ies1 & limitations "u ?is section   
may n be waiv$ except 9 accordance ) ?is
 *apt]4  7b7 ,/atute ( limitations  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,a proce$+ may n be ma9ta9$   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d unless !
 proce$+ is comm5c$1 9 accordance )     
section #aejf7;e71 be=e ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d )9 #c ye>s aft] ! claim   
accru$4  7#b7 ,toll+ ,subject to section
 #aejg7;a71 a proce$+ comm5c$ be=e !    
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all toll ! "t 
p]mitt$ "u section #ejg7;b7 = !         
comm5cem5t ( an action on ! same claim 9
 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ !
 p]iod 9 :i* ! proce$+ is p5d+4  7c7    
,p]missible claims1 c\nt]claims1 &      
def5ses ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may 
r5d] det]m9ations ) respect to ! foll[+ 
claims1 c\nt]claims1 & def5ses1 subject 
to su* fur!r limitations & requirem5ts1 
includ+ ) respect to p>ticul> classes ( 
works1 z may be set =? 9 regulations    
e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights3    
7#a7 ,a claim = infr+em5t ( an exclusive

 "r 9 a copyright$ "w provid$ "u section
 #ajf by ! legal or b5eficial own] ( !  
exclusive "r at ! "t ( ! infr+em5t = :i*
 ! claimant seeks damages1 if any1 )9 ! 
limitations set =? 9 subsection 7e77#a74
  7#b7 ,a claim = a decl>ation (        
non9fr+em5t ( an exclusive "r 9 a       
copyright$ "w provid$ "u section #ajf1  
consi/5t ) section #bbja ( title #bh4   
7#c7 ,a claim "u section #eab7;f7 =     
misrepres5tation 9 connection ) a       
notification ( claim$ infr+em5t or a    
c\nt] notification seek+ to replace     
remov$ or disabl$ mat]ial1 except t any 
rem$ies relat+ to su* a claim 9 a       
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
%all be limit$ to ^? available "u ?is   
*apt]4  7#d7 ,a c\nt]claim t is ass]t$  
solely aga9/ ! claimant 9 a proce$+--   
7,a7 pursuant to :i* ! c\nt]claimant    
seeks damages1 if any1 )9 ! limitations 
set =? 9 subsection 7e77#a72 &  7,b7 t--
 7i7 arises "u section #ajf or section  
#eab7;f7 & out ( ! same transaction or  
occurr5ce t is ! subject ( a claim (    

infr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph 7#a71 a    
claim ( non9fr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph  
7#b71 or a claim ( misrepres5tation     
br\ght "u p>agraph 7#c72 or  7ii7 arises
 "u an agreem5t p]ta9+ to ! same        
transaction or occurr5ce t is ! subject 
( a claim ( infr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph
 7#a71 if ! agreem5t c\ld affect !      
relief aw>d$ to ! claimant4  7#e7 ,a    
legal or equitable def5se "u ?is title  
or o!rwise available "u law1 9 response 
to a claim or c\nt]claim ass]t$ "u ?is  
subsection4  7#f7 ,a s+le claim or      
multiple claims p]mitt$ "u p>agraph     
7#a71 7#b71 or 7#c7 by "o or m claimants
 aga9/ "o or m respond5ts1 b only if all
 claims ass]t$ 9 any "o proce$+ arise   
out ( ! same alleg$ly infr++ activity or
 cont9u\s c\rse ( infr++ activities & d 
n1 9 ! aggregate1 result 9 ! recov]y (  
su* claim or claims = damages t exce$ ! 
limitations "u subsection 7e77#a74  7d7 
,exclud$ claims ,! foll[+ claims &      
c\nt]claims are n subject to det]m9ation
 by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d3  7#a7 ,a

 claim or c\nt]claim t is n a p]missible
 claim or c\nt]claim "u subsection 7c74 
7#b7 ,a claim or c\nt]claim t has be5   
f9ally adjudicat$ by a c\rt ( compet5t  
jurisdiction or t is p5d+ be=e a c\rt ( 
compet5t jurisdiction1 unless t c\rt has
 grant$ a /ay to p]mit t claim or       
c\nt]claim to proce$ be=e ! ,copyright  
,claims ,bo>d4  7#c7 ,a claim or        
c\nt]claim by or aga9/ a ,f$]al or ,/ate
 gov]nm5tal entity4  7#d7 ,a claim or   
c\nt]claim ass]t$ aga9/ a p]son or      
entity resid+ outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 except 9 a case 9 :i* ! p]son or entity
 initiat$ ! proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d & is subject to           
c\nt]claims "u ?is *apt]4  7e7          
,p]missible rem$ies  7#a7 ,monet>y      
recov]y  7,a7 ,actual damages1 pr(its1 &
 /atutory damages = infr+em5t ,) respect
 to a claim or c\nt]claim = infr+em5t ( 
copyright1 & subject to ! limitation on 
total monet>y recov]y "u subp>agraph    
7,d71 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may    
aw>d ei!r ( ! foll[+3  7i7 ,actual      

damages & pr(its det]m9$ 9 accordance ) 
section #ejd7;b71 ) t aw>d tak+ into    
consid]ation1 9 appropriate cases1 :e!r 
! infr++ p>ty has agre$ to cease or     
mitigate ! infr++ activity "u p>agraph  
7#b74  7ii7 ,/atutory damages1 :i* %all 
be det]m9$ 9 accordance ) section       
#ejd7;c71 subject to ! foll[+           
conditions3  7,i7 ,) respect to works   
timely regi/]$ "u section #dab1 s t !   
works are eligible = an aw>d ( /atutory 
damages 9 accordance ) t section1 !     
/atutory damages may n exce$ #ae1jjj =  
ea* "w infr+$4  7,,ii7 ,) respect to    
works n timely regi/]$ "u section #dab1 
b eligible = an aw>d ( /atutory damages 
"u ?is section1 /atutory damages may n  
exce$ #g1ejj p] "w infr+$1 or a total ( 
#ae1jjj 9 any "o proce$+4  7,,iii7 ,!   
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may n make any 
f9d+ t1 or consid] :e!r1 ! infr+em5t 0  
committ$ willfully 9 mak+ an aw>d (     
/atutory damages4  7,,iv7 ,! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d may consid]1 z an         
additional factor 9 aw>d+ /atutory      

damages1 :e!r ! infr+] has agre$ to     
cease or mitigate ! infr++ activity "u  
p>agraph 7#b74  7,b7 ,election ( damages
 ,) respect to a claim or c\nt]claim (  
infr+em5t1 at any "t be=e f9al          
det]m9ation is r5d]$1 & not)/&+ ! s*$ule
 e/abli%$ by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
"u section #aejf7k71 ! claimant or      
c\nt]claimant %all elect--  7i7 to      
recov] actual damages & pr(its or       
/atutory damages "u subp>agraph 7,a72 or
  7ii7 n to recov] damages4  7,c7       
,damages = o!r claims ,damages = claims 
& c\nt]claims o!r ?an infr+em5t claims1 
su* z ^? br\ght "u section #eab7;f71    
%all be subject to ! limitation "u      
subp>agraph 7,d74  7,d7 ,limitation on  
total monet>y recov]y ,not)/&+ any o!r  
provision ( law1 a p>ty t pursues any "o
 or m claims or c\nt]claims 9 any s+le  
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
may n seek or recov] 9 t proce$+ a total
 monet>y recov]y t exce$s ! sum (       
#cj1jjj1 exclusive ( any attorneys' fees
 & co/s t may be aw>d$ "u section       

#aejf7y77#b74  7#b7 ,agreem5t to cease  
c]ta9 activity ,9 a det]m9ation ( !     
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 ! ,bo>d %all  
include a requirem5t to cease conduct   
if1 9 ! proce$+ relat+ to !             
det]m9ation--  7,a7 a p>ty agrees-- 7i7 
to cease activity t is f\nd to be       
infr++1 includ+ remov+ or disabl+ access
 to1 or de/roy+1 infr++ mat]ials2 or    
7ii7 to cease s5d+ a tak$[n notice or   
c\nt] notice "u section #eab to ! o!r   
p>ty reg>d+ ! conduct at issue be=e !   
,bo>d if t notice or c\nt] notice 0 f\nd
 to be a kn[+ mat]ial misrepres5tation  
"u section #eab7;f72 &  7,b7 ! agreem5t 
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 is reflect$ 
9 ! record = ! proce$+4  7#c7           
,attorneys' fees & co/s ,not)/&+ any o!r
 provision ( law1 except 9 ! case ( bad 
fai? conduct z provid$ 9 section        
#aejf7y77#b71 ! p>ties to proce$+s be=e 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all be> _!  
own attorneys' fees & co/s4  7f7 ,jo9t &
 sev]al liability ,p>ties to a proce$+  
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may be  

f\nd jo9tly & sev]ally liable if all su*
 p>ties & relevant claims or c\nt]claims
 arise f ! same activity or activities4 
7g7 ,p]missible numb] ( cases ,! ,regi/]
 ( ,copyrights may e/abli% regulations  
relat+ to ! p]mitt$ numb] ( proce$+s ea*
 ye> by ! same claimant "u ?is *apt]1 9 
! int]e/s ( ju/ice & ! adm9i/ration ( ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  #aeje4       
,regi/ration requirem5t  7a7            
,application or c]tificate ,a claim or  
c\nt]claim alleg+ infr+em5t ( an        
exclusive "r 9 a copyright$ "w may n be 
ass]t$ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
unless--  7#a7 ! legal or b5eficial own]
 ( ! copyright has fir/ deliv]$ a       
complet$ application1 a deposit1 & !    
requir$ fee = regi/ration ( ! copyright 
to ! ,copyright ,(fice2 &  7#b7 a       
regi/ration c]tificate has ei!r be5     
issu$ or has n be5 refus$4  7b7         
,c]tificate ( regi/ration ,not)/&+ any  
o!r provision ( law1 a claimant or      
c\nt]claimant 9 a proce$+ be=e !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all be        

eligible to recov] actual damages &     
pr(its or /atutory damages "u ?is *apt] 
= infr+em5t ( a "w if ! requirem5ts (   
subsection 7a7 h be5 met1 except t--    
7#a7 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may n   
r5d] a det]m9ation 9 ! proce$+ until--  
7,a7 a regi/ration c]tificate ) respect 
to ! "w has be5 issu$ by ! ,copyright   
,(fice1 submitt$ to ! ,copyright ,claims
 ,bo>d1 & made available to ! o!r p>ties
 to ! proce$+2 &  7,b7 ! o!r p>ties to !
 proce$+ h be5 provid$ an opportunity to
 address ! regi/ration c]tificate2  7#b7
 if ! proce$+ may n proce$ fur!r because
 a regi/ration c]tificate = ! "w is     
p5d+1 ! proce$+ %all be held 9 abeyance 
p5d+ submission ( ! c]tificate to !     
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 except t1 if !
 proce$+ is held 9 abeyance = m ?an #a  
ye>1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may1 ^u 
provid+ writt5 notice to ! p>ties to !  
proce$+1 & #cj days to ! p>ties to      
respond to ! notice1 dismiss ! proce$+  
)\t prejudice2 &  7#c7 if ! ,copyright  
,claims ,bo>d receives notice t         

regi/ration ) respect to ! "w has be5   
refus$1 ! proce$+ %all be dismiss$ )\t  
prejudice4  7c7 ,presumption ,9 a case 9
 :i* a regi/ration c]tificate %[s t     
regi/ration ) respect to a "w 0 issu$ n 
lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date ( ! fir/   
publication ( ! "w1 ! presumption "u    
section #daj7;c7 %all apply 9 a proce$+ 
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 9      
addition to relevant pr9ciples ( law "u 
?is title4  7d7 ,regulations ,9 ord] to 
ensure t actions be=e ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d proce$ 9 a timely mann]1 !
 ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all e/abli%     
regulations all[+ ! ,copyright ,(fice to
 make a decision1 on an exp$it$ basis1  
to issue or d5y copyright regi/ration = 
an unregi/]$ "w t is at issue be=e !    
,bo>d4  #aejf4 ,conduct ( proce$+s  7a7 
,9 g5]al  7#a7 ,applicable law ,proce$+s
 ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all be   
conduct$ 9 accordance ) ?is *apt] &     
regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (     
,copyrights "u ?is *apt]1 9 addition to 
relevant pr9ciples ( law "u ?is title4  

7#b7 ,conflict+ prec$5t ,if x appe>s t  
!re may be conflict+ judicial prec$5t on
 an issue ( sub/antive copyright law t  
_c be reconcil$1 ! ,copyright ,claims   
,bo>d %all foll[ ! law ( ! ,f$]al       
jurisdiction 9 :i* ! action c\ld h be5  
br\ght if fil$ 9 a di/rict c\rt ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 or1 if ! action c\ld h   
be5 br\ght 9 m ?an "o su* jurisdiction1 
! jurisdiction t ! ,copyright ,claims   
,bo>d det]m9es has ! mo/ significant    
ties to ! p>ties & conduct at issue4    
7b7 ,record ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
%all ma9ta9 records docum5t+ ! proce$+s 
be=e ! ,bo>d4  7c7 ,c5traliz$ process   
,proce$+s be=e ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d %all--  7#a7 be conduct$ at !     
(fices ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d )\t 
! requirem5t ( 9-p]son appe>ances by    
p>ties or o!rs2 &  7#b7 take place by   
means ( writt5 submissions1 he>+s1 &    
conf]5ces c>ri$ out ?r\gh int]net-bas$  
applications & o!r telecommunications   
facilities1 except t1 9 cases 9 :i*     
physical or o!r nonte/imonial evid5ce   

mat]ial to a proce$+ _c be furni%$ to ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d ?r\gh available
 telecommunications facilities1 !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may make       
alt]native arrangem5ts = ! submission ( 
su* evid5ce t d n prejudice any o!r p>ty
 to ! proce$+4  7d7 ,repres5tation ,a   
p>ty to a proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d may be1 b is n requir$ to 
be1 repres5t$ by--  7#a7 an attorney2 or
  7#b7 a law /ud5t :o is qualifi$ "u    
applicable law gov]n+ repres5tation by  
law /ud5ts ( p>ties 9 legal proce$+s &  
:o provides su* repres5tation on a pro  
bono basis4  7e7 ,comm5cem5t ( proce$+  
,9 ord] to comm5ce a proce$+ "u ?is     
*apt]1 a claimant %all1 subject to su*  
additional requirem5ts z may be         
prescrib$ 9 regulations e/abli%$ by !   
,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 file a claim ) ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 t--  7#a7     
includes a /atem5t ( mat]ial facts 9    
support ( ! claim2  7#b7 is c]tifi$ "u  
subsection 7y77#a72 &  7#c7 is          
accompani$ by a fil+ fee 9 su* am\nt z  

may be prescrib$ 9 regulations e/abli%$ 
by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7f7 ,review
 ( claims & c\nt]claims  7#a7 ,claims   
,^u ! fil+ ( a claim "u subsection 7e71 
! claim %all be review$ by a ,copyright 
,claims ,attorney to ensure t ! claim   
complies ) ?is *apt] & applicable       
regulations1 subject to ! foll[+3  7,a7 
,if ! claim is f\nd to comply1 !        
claimant %all be notifi$ reg>d+ t       
compliance & in/ruct$ to proce$ ) s]vice
 ( ! claim "u subsection 7g74  7,b7 ,if 
! claim is f\nd n to comply1 ! claimant 
%all be notifi$ t ! claim is defici5t & 
be p]mitt$ to file an am5d$ claim n lat]
 ?an #cj days aft] ! date on :i* !      
claimant receives ! notice1 )\t !       
requirem5t ( an additional fil+ fee4 ,if
 ! claimant files a compliant claim )9 t
 #cj-;day p]iod1 ! claimant %all be s   
notifi$ & be in/ruct$ to proce$ ) s]vice
 ( ! claim4 ,if ! claim is refil$ )9 t  
#cj-;day p]iod & /ill fails to comply1 !
 claimant %all aga9 be notifi$ t ! claim
 is defici5t & %all be provid$ a second 

opportunity to am5d ! claim )9 #cj days 
aft] ! date ( t second notice1 )\t !    
requirem5t ( an additional fil+ fee4 ,if
 ! claim is refil$ aga9 )9 t second     
#cj-;day p]iod & is compliant1 !        
claimant %all be s notifi$ & %all be    
in/ruct$ to proce$ ) s]vice ( ! claim1 b
 if ! claim /ill fails to comply1 ^u    
confirmation ( su* noncompliance by a   
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]1 ! proce$+    
%all be dismiss$ )\t prejudice4 ,!      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all also      
dismiss )\t prejudice any proce$+ 9 :i* 
a compliant claim is n fil$ )9 !        
applicable #cj-;day p]iod4  7,c7  7i7   
,subject to clause 7ii71 = purposes (   
?is p>agraph1 a claim aga9/ an onl9e    
s]vice provid] = infr+em5t by reason ( !
 /orage ( or ref]ral or l9k+ to infr++  
mat]ial t may be subject to !           
limitations on liability set =? 9       
subsection 7b71 7c71 or 7d7 ( section   
#eab %all be consid]$ noncompliant      
unless ! claimant affirms 9 ! /atem5t   
requir$ "u subsection 7e77#a7 ( ?is     

section t ! claimant has previ\sly      
notifi$ ! s]vice provid] ( ! claim$     
infr+em5t 9 accordance ) subsection     
7b77#b77;,e71 7c77#c71 or 7d77#c7 (     
section #eab1 z applicable1 & ! s]vice  
provid] fail$ to remove or disable      
access to ! mat]ial exp$iti\sly ^u !    
provision ( su* notice4  7ii7 ,if a     
claim is f\nd to be noncompliant "u     
clause 7i71 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
%all provide ! claimant ) in=mation     
conc]n+ ! s]vice ( su* a notice "u !    
applicable provision ( section #eab4    
7#b7 ,c\nt]claims ,^u ! fil+ & s]vice ( 
a c\nt]claim1 ! c\nt]claim %all be      
review$ by a ,copyright ,claims         
,attorney to ensure t ! c\nt]claim      
complies ) ! provisions ( ?is *apt] &   
applicable regulations4 ,if ! c\nt]claim
 is f\nd n to comply1 ! c\nt]claimant & 
! o!r p>ties to ! proce$+ %all be       
notifi$ t ! c\nt]claim is defici5t1 & ! 
c\nt]claimant %all be p]mitt$ to file & 
s]ve an am5d$ c\nt]claim )9 #cj days    
aft] ! date ( su* notice4 ,if !         

c\nt]claimant files & s]ves a compliant 
c\nt]claim )9 t #cj-;day p]iod1 !       
c\nt]claimant & su* o!r p>ties %all be s
 notifi$4 ,if ! c\nt]claim is refil$ &  
s]v$ )9 t #cj-;day p]iod b /ill fails to
 comply1 ! c\nt]claimant & su* o!r      
p>ties %all aga9 be notifi$ t !         
c\nt]claim is defici5t1 & !             
c\nt]claimant %all be provid$ a second  
opportunity to am5d ! c\nt]claim )9 #cj 
days aft] ! date ( ! second notice4 ,if 
! c\nt]claim is refil$ & s]v$ aga9 )9 t 
second #cj-;day p]iod & is compliant1 ! 
c\nt]claimant & su* o!r p>ties %all be s
 notifi$1 b if ! c\nt]claim /ill fails  
to comply1 ^u confirmation ( su*        
noncompliance by a ,copyright ,claims   
,(fic]1 ! c\nt]claim1 b n ! proce$+1    
%all be dismiss$ )\t prejudice4  7#c7   
,dismissal = unsuitability ,! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d %all dismiss a claim or  
c\nt]claim )\t prejudice if1 ^u review+ 
! claim or c\nt]claim1 or at any o!r "t 
9 ! proce$+1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
concludes t ! claim or c\nt]claim is    

unsuitable = det]m9ation by ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d1 includ+ on acc\nt ( any 
( ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,! failure to jo9 a   
necess>y p>ty4  7,b7 ,! lack ( an       
ess5tial witness1 evid5ce1 or exp]t     
te/imony4  7,c7 ,! det]m9ation ( a      
relevant issue ( law or fact t c\ld     
exce$ ei!r ! numb] ( proce$+s !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d c\ld reasonably
 adm9i/] or ! subject matt] compet5ce ( 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7g7 ,s]vice
 ( notice & claims ,9 ord] to proce$ ) a
 claim aga9/ a respond5t1 a claimant    
%all1 )9 #ij days aft] receiv+          
notification "u subsection 7f7 to proce$
 ) s]vice1 file ) ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d pro( ( s]vice on ! respond5t4 ,9  
ord] to effectuate s]vice on a          
respond5t1 ! claimant %all cause notice 
( ! proce$+ & a copy ( ! claim to be    
s]v$ on ! respond5t1 ei!r by p]sonal    
s]vice or pursuant to a waiv] ( p]sonal 
s]vice1 z prescrib$ 9 regulations       
e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4    
,su* regulations %all include ! foll[+  

requirem5ts3  7#a7 ,! notice ( ! proce$+
 %all adh]e to a prescrib$ =m & %all set
 =? ! nature ( ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d & proce$+1 ! "r ( ! respond5t to  
opt out1 & ! consequ5ces ( opt+ out & n 
opt+ out1 includ+ a prom95t /atem5t t1  
by n opt+ out )9 #fj days aft] receiv+ !
 notice1 ! respond5t--  7,a7 loses !    
opportunity to h ! dispute decid$ by a  
c\rt creat$ "u article ,,iii ( !        
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7,b7 
waives ! "r to a jury trial reg>d+ !    
dispute4  7#b7 ,! copy ( ! claim s]v$ on
 ! respond5t %all be ! same z ! claim t 
0 fil$ ) ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4    
7#c7 ,p]sonal s]vice ( a notice & claim 
may be effect$ by an individual :o is n 
a p>ty to ! proce$+ & is old] ?an #ah   
ye>s ( age4  7#d7 ,an individual1 o!r   
?an a m9or or incompet5t individual1 may
 be s]v$ by-- 7,a7 comply+ ) ,/ate law =
 s]v+ a summons 9 an action br\ght 9    
c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate :]e
 s]vice is made2  7,b7 deliv]+ a copy ( 
! notice & claim to ! individual        

p]sonally2  7,c7 leav+ a copy ( ! notice
 & claim at ! individual's dwell+ or    
usual place ( abode ) someone ( suitable
 age & discretion :o resides !re2 or    
7,d7 deliv]+ a copy ( ! notice & claim  
to an ag5t designat$ by ! respond5t to  
receive s]vice ( process or1 if n s     
designat$1 an ag5t au?oriz$ by appo9tm5t
 or by law to receive s]vice ( process4 
7#e7  7,a7 ,a corporation1 p>tn]%ip1 or 
un9corporat$ association t is subject to
 suit 9 c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction "u a 
common "n %all be s]v$ by deliv]+ a copy
 ( ! notice & claim to its s]vice ag5t4 
,if su* s]vice ag5t has n be5 designat$1
 s]vice %all be accompli%$--  7i7 by    
comply+ ) ,/ate law = s]v+ a summons 9  
an action br\ght 9 c\rts ( g5]al        
jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate :]e s]vice is    
made2 or  7ii7 by deliv]+ a copy ( !    
notice & claim to an (fic]1 a manag+ or 
g5]al ag5t1 or any o!r ag5t au?oriz$ by 
appo9tm5t or by law to receive s]vice ( 
process 9 an action br\ght 9 c\rts (    
g5]al jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate :]e s]vice 

is made &1 if ! ag5t is "o au?oriz$ by  
/atute & ! /atute s requires1 by also   
mail+ a copy ( ! notice & claim to !    
respond5t4  7,b7 ,a corporation1        
p>tn]%ip or un9corporat$ association t  
is subject to suit 9 c\rts ( g5]al      
jurisdiction "u a common "n may elect to
 designate a s]vice ag5t to receive     
notice ( a claim aga9/ x be=e !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d by comply+ )   
requirem5ts t ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights   
%all e/abli% by regulation4 ,! ,regi/] (
 ,copyrights %all ma9ta9 a curr5t       
directory ( s]vice ag5ts t is available 
to ! public = inspection1 includ+ ?r\gh 
! int]net1 & may require su*            
corporations1 p>tn]%ips1 & un9corporat$ 
associations designat+ su* s]vice ag5ts 
to pay a fee to cov] ! co/s ( ma9ta9+ ! 
directory4  7#f7 ,9 ord] to reque/ a    
waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice1 ! claimant may  
notify a respond5t1 by fir/ class mail  
or by o!r reasonable means1 t a proce$+ 
has be5 comm5c$1 su* notice to be made 9
 accordance ) regulations e/abli%$ by ! 

,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 subject to !     
foll[+3  7,a7 ,any su* reque/ %all be 9 
writ+1 %all be address$ to ! respond5t1 
& %all be accompani$ by a prescrib$     
notice ( ! proce$+1 a copy ( ! claim z  
fil$ ) ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 a    
prescrib$ =m = waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice1 &
 a prepaid or o!r means ( return+ ! =m  
)\t co/4  7,b7 ,! reque/ %all /ate !    
date on :i* ! reque/ is s5t1 & %all     
provide ! respond5t a p]iod ( #cj days1 
beg9n+ on ! date on :i* ! reque/ is s5t1
 to return ! waiv] =m sign$ by !        
respond5t4 ,! sign$ waiv] =m %all1 =    
purposes ( ?is subsection1 con/itute    
acceptance & pro( ( s]vice z ( ! date on
 :i* ! waiv] is sign$4  7#g7  7,a7 ,a   
respond5t's waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice %all 
n con/itute a waiv] ( ! respond5t's "r  
to opt out ( ! proce$+4  7,b7 ,a        
respond5t :o timely waives p]sonal      
s]vice "u p>agraph 7#f7 & does n opt out
 ( ! proce$+ %all be p]mitt$ a p]iod (  
#cj days1 9 addition to ! p]iod o!rwise 
p]mitt$ "u ! applicable proc$ures ( !   

,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 to submit a   
sub/antive response to ! claim1 includ+ 
any def5ses & c\nt]claims4  7#h7 ,a m9or
 or an incompet5t individual may only be
 s]v$ by comply+ ) ,/ate law = s]v+ a   
summons or l process on su* an          
individual 9 an action br\ght 9 ! c\rts 
( g5]al jurisdiction ( ! ,/ate :]e      
s]vice is made4  7#i7 ,s]vice ( a claim 
& waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice may only be    
effect$ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7h7        
,notification by ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all     
e/abli% regulations provid+ = a writt5  
notification to be s5t by1 or on behalf 
(1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d to notify 
! respond5t ( a p5d+ proce$+ aga9/ !    
respond5t1 z set =? 9 ^? regulations1   
:i* %all--  7#a7 include in=mation      
conc]n+ ! respond5t's "r to opt out ( ! 
proce$+1 ! consequ5ces ( opt+ out & n   
opt+ out1 & a prom95t /atem5t t1 by n   
opt+ out )9 #fj days aft] ! date (      
s]vice "u subsection 7g71 ! respond5t   
loses ! opportunity to h ! dispute      

decid$ by a c\rt creat$ "u article ,,iii
 ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates &   
waives ! "r to a jury trial reg>d+ !    
dispute2 &  7#b7 be 9 addition to1 &    
sep>ate & ap>t f1 ! notice requirem5ts  
"u subsection 7g74  7i7 ,opt-,out       
proc$ure ,^u be+ prop]ly s]v$ ) a notice
 & claim1 a respond5t :o *ooses to opt  
out ( ! proce$+ %all h a p]iod ( #fj    
days1 beg9n+ on ! date ( s]vice1 9 :i*  
to provide writt5 notice ( su* *oice to 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 9 accordance
 ) regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (  
,copyrights4 ,if pro( ( s]vice has be5  
fil$ by ! claimant & ! respond5t does n 
submit an opt-out notice to ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d )9 t #fj-;day p]iod1 !   
proce$+ %all be deem$ an active proce$+ 
& ! respond5t %all be b\nd by !         
det]m9ation 9 ! proce$+ to ! ext5t      
provid$ "u section #aejg7;a74 ,if !     
respond5t opts out ( ! proce$+ dur+ t   
#fj-;day p]iod1 ! proce$+ %all be       
dismiss$ )\t prejudice1 except t1 9     
exceptional circum/ances & ^u writt5    

notice to ! claimant1 ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d may ext5d t #fj-;day p]iod
 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice4  7j7 ,s]vice (   
o!r docum5ts ,docum5ts submitt$ or reli$
 ^u 9 a proce$+1 o!r ?an ! notice &     
claim1 %all be s]v$ 9 accordance )      
regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (     
,copyrights4  7k7 ,s*$ul+ ,^u           
confirmation t a proce$+ has become an  
active proce$+1 ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d %all issue a s*$ule = ! future    
conduct ( ! proce$+4 ,! s*$ule %all n   
specify a "t t a claimant or            
c\nt]claimant is requir$ make an        
election ( damages t is inconsi/5t )    
section #aejd7;e74 ,a s*$ule issu$ by ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may be am5d$ by
 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 ! int]e/s 
( ju/ice4  7l7 ,conf]5ces ,"o or m      
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s may hold a   
conf]5ce to address case managem5t or   
discov]y issues 9 a proce$+1 :i* %all be
 not$ ^u ! record ( ! proce$+ & may be  
record$ or transcrib$4  7m7 ,p>ty       
submissions ,a proce$+ ( ! ,copyright   

,claims ,bo>d may n include any =mal    
motion practice1 except t1 subject to   
applicable regulations & proc$ures ( !  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d--  7#a7 !      
p>ties to ! proce$+ may make reque/s to 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d to address   
case managem5t & discov]y matt]s1 &     
submit responses !reto2 &  7#b7 !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may reque/ or  
p]mit p>ties to make submissions        
address+ relevant que/ions ( fact or    
law1 or o!r matt]s1 includ+ matt]s rais$
 sua sponte by ! ,copyright ,claims     
,(fic]s1 & (f] responses !reto4  7n7    
,discov]y ,discov]y 9 a proce$+ %all be 
limit$ to ! production ( relevant       
in=mation & docum5ts1 writt5            
int]rogatories1 & writt5 reque/s =      
admission1 z provid$ 9 regulations      
e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1    
except t--  7#a7 ^u ! reque/ ( a p>ty1 &
 = good cause %[n1 ! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d may approve additional relevant   
discov]y1 on a limit$ basis1 9 p>ticul> 
matt]s1 & may reque/ specific in=mation 

& docum5ts f p>ticipants 9 ! proce$+ &  
volunt>y submissions f nonp>ticipants1  
consi/5t ) ! int]e/s ( ju/ice2  7#b7 ^u 
! reque/ ( a p>ty1 & = good cause %[n1 !
 ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may issue a   
protective ord] to limit ! disclosure ( 
docum5ts or te/imony t conta9           
confid5tial in=mation2 &  7#c7 aft]     
provid+ notice & an opportunity to      
respond1 & ^u good cause %[n1 !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may apply an   
adv]se inf]5ce ) respect to disput$     
facts aga9/ a p>ty :o has fail$ to      
timely provide discov]y mat]ials 9      
response to a prop] reque/ = mat]ials t 
c\ld be relevant to su* facts4  7o7     
,evid5ce ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may
 consid] ! foll[+ types ( evid5ce 9 a   
proce$+1 & su* evid5ce may be admitt$   
)\t application ( =mal rules ( evid5ce3 
7#a7 ,docum5t>y & o!r nonte/imonial     
evid5ce t is relevant to ! claims1      
c\nt]claims1 or def5ses 9 ! proce$+4    
7#b7 ,te/imonial evid5ce1 submitt$ "u   
p5alty ( p]jury 9 writt5 =m or 9        

accordance ) subsection 7p71 limit$ to  
/atem5ts ( ! p>ties & nonexp]t          
witnesses1 t is relevant to ! claims1   
c\nt]claims1 & def5ses 9 a proce$+1     
except t1 9 exceptional cases1 exp]t    
witness te/imony or o!r types ( te/imony
 may be p]mitt$ by ! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d = good cause %[n4  7p7 ,he>+s ,!  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may conduct a  
he>+ to receive oral pres5tations on    
issues ( fact or law f p>ties &         
witnesses to a proce$+1 includ+ oral    
te/imony1 subject to ! foll[+3  7#a7    
,any su* he>+ %all be att5d$ by n few]  
?an two ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s4 
7#b7 ,! he>+ %all be not$ ^u ! record ( 
! proce$+ &1 subject to p>agraph 7#c71  
may be record$ or transcrib$ z deem$    
necess>y by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4 
7#c7 ,a record+ or transcript ( ! he>+  
%all be made available to any ,copyright
 ,claims ,(fic] :o is n 9 att5dance4    
7q7 ,volunt>y dismissal  7#a7 ,by       
claimant ,^u ! writt5 reque/ ( a        
claimant t is receiv$ be=e a respond5t  

files a response to ! claim 9 a proce$+1
 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all dismiss
 ! proce$+1 or a claim or respond5t1 z  
reque/$1 )\t prejudice4  7#b7 ,by       
c\nt]claimant ,^u writt5 reque/ ( a     
c\nt]claimant t is receiv$ be=e a       
claimant files a response to !          
c\nt]claim1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
%all dismiss ! c\nt]claim1 su* dismissal
 to be )\t prejudice4  7#c7 ,class      
actions ,any p>ty 9 an active proce$+   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d :o      
receives notice ( a p5d+ or putative    
class action1 aris+ out ( ! same        
transaction or occurr5ce1 9 :i* t p>ty  
is a class memb] may reque/ 9 writ+     
dismissal ( ! proce$+ be=e ! ,bo>d4 ,^u 
notice to all claimants &               
c\nt]claimants1 ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d %all dismiss ! proce$+ )\t        
prejudice4  7r7 ,settlem5t  7#a7 ,9     
g5]al ,at any "t 9 an active proce$+1 "s
 or all ( ! p>ties may-- 7,a7 jo9tly    
reque/ a conf]5ce ) a ,copyright ,claims
 ,(fic] = ! purpose ( facilitat+        

settlem5t discussions2 or  7,b7 submit  
to ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d an        
agreem5t provid+ = settlem5t & dismissal
 ( "s or all ( ! claims & c\nt]claims 9 
! proce$+4  7#b7 ,additional reque/ ,a  
submission "u p>agraph 7#a77;,b7 may    
include a reque/ t ! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d adopt "s or all ( ! t]ms ( !      
p>ties' settlem5t 9 a f9al det]m9ation 9
 ! proce$+4  7s7 ,factual f9d+s ,subject
 to subsection 7n77#c71 ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d %all make factual f9d+s   
bas$ ^u a prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce4  7t7
 ,det]m9ations  7#a7 ,nature & cont5ts  
,a det]m9ation r5d]$ by ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d 9 a proce$+ %all-- 7,a7 be
 rea*$ by a majority ( ! ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d2  7,b7 be 9 writ+1 &      
include an explanation ( ! factual &    
legal basis ( ! det]m9ation2  7,c7 set  
=? any t]ms by :i* a respond5t or       
c\nt]claim respond5t has agre$ to cease 
infr++ activity "u section              
#aejd7;e77#b72  7,d7 to ! ext5t reque/$ 
"u subsection 7r77#b71 set =? ! t]ms (  

any settlem5t agre$ to "u subsection    
7r77#a72 &  7,e7 include a cle> /atem5t 
( all damages & o!r relief aw>d$1       
includ+ "u subp>agraphs 7,c7 & 7,d74    
7#b7 ,diss5t ,a ,copyright ,claims      
,(fic] :o diss5ts f a decision conta9$ 9
 a det]m9ation "u p>agraph 7#a7 may     
app5d a /atem5t sett+ =? ! gr\nds = t   
diss5t4  7#c7 ,publication ,ea* f9al    
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 %all be made available on a publicly   
accessible website4 ,! ,regi/] %all     
e/abli% regulations ) respect to !      
publication ( o!r records & in=mation   
relat+ to su* det]m9ations1 includ+ !   
r$action ( records to protect           
confid5tial in=mation t is ! subject ( a
 protective ord] "u subsection 7n77#b74 
7#d7 ,fre$om ( ,in=mation ,act ,all     
in=mation relat+ to proce$+s ( !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d "u ?is title is
 exempt f disclosure to ! public "u     
section #eeb7;b77#c7 ( title #e1 except 
= det]m9ations1 records1 & in=mation    
publi%$ "u p>agraph 7#c74  7u7          

,respond5t's default ,if a proce$+ has  
be5 deem$ an active proce$+ b !         
respond5t has fail$ to appe> or has     
ceas$ p>ticipat+ 9 ! proce$+1 z         
demon/rat$ by ! respond5t's failure1 )\t
 ju/ifiable cause1 to meet "o or m      
deadl9es or requirem5ts set =? 9 !      
s*$ule adopt$ by ! ,copyright ,claims   
,bo>d "u subsection 7k71 ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d may ent] a default        
det]m9ation1 includ+ ! dismissal ( any  
c\nt]claim ass]t$ by ! respond5t1 z     
foll[s & 9 accordance ) su* o!r         
requirem5ts z ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights   
may e/abli% by regulation3  7#a7 ,!     
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all require ! 
claimant to submit relevant evid5ce &   
o!r in=mation 9 support ( ! claimant's  
claim & any ass]t$ damages &1 ^u review 
( su* evid5ce & any o!r reque/$         
submissions f ! claimant1 %all det]m9e  
:e!r ! mat]ials s submitt$ are suffici5t
 to support a f9d+ 9 favor ( ! claimant 
"u applicable law &1 if s1 ! appropriate
 relief & damages1 if any1 to be aw>d$4 

7#b7 ,if ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d     
makes an affirmative det]m9ation "u     
p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d %all prep>e a propos$ default     
det]m9ation1 & %all provide writt5      
notice to ! respond5t at all addresses1 
includ+ email addresses1 reflect$ 9 !   
records ( ! proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d1 ( ! p5d5cy ( a default   
det]m9ation by ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d & ( ! legal significance ( su*    
det]m9ation4 ,su* notice %all be        
accompani$ by ! propos$ default         
det]m9ation & %all provide t ! respond5t
 has a p]iod ( #cj days1 beg9n+ on !    
date ( ! notice1 to submit any evid5ce  
or o!r in=mation 9 opposition to !      
propos$ default det]m9ation4  7#c7 ,if !
 respond5t responds to ! notice provid$ 
"u p>agraph 7#b7 )9 ! #cj-;day p]iod    
provid$ 9 su* p>agraph1 ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d %all consid] respond5t's  
submissions &1 aft] all[+ ! o!r p>ties  
to address su* submissions1 ma9ta91 or  
am5d its propos$ det]m9ation z          

appropriate1 & ! result+ det]m9ation    
%all n be a default det]m9ation4  7#d7  
,if ! respond5t fails to respond to !   
notice provid$ "u p>agraph 7#b71 !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all proce$ to 
issue ! default det]m9ation z a f9al    
det]m9ation4 ,!reaft]1 ! respond5t may  
only *all5ge su* det]m9ation to ! ext5t 
p]mitt$ "u section #aejh7;c71 except t1 
be=e any additional proce$+s are        
initiat$ "u section #aejh1 ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d may1 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1
 vacate ! default det]m9ation4  7v7     
,claimant's failure ,to proce$  7#a7    
,failure to complete s]vice ,if a       
claimant fails to complete s]vice on a  
respond5t )9 ! #ij-;day p]iod requir$ "u
 subsection 7g71 ! ,copyright ,claims   
,bo>d %all dismiss t respond5t f !      
proce$+ )\t prejudice4 ,if a claimant   
fails to complete s]vice on all         
respond5ts )9 t #ij-;day p]iod1 !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all dismiss ! 
proce$+ )\t prejudice4  7#b7 ,failure to
 prosecute ,if a claimant fails to      

proce$ 9 an active proce$+1 z demon/rat$
 by ! claimant's failure1 )\t ju/ifiable
 cause1 to meet "o or m deadl9es or     
requirem5ts set =? 9 ! s*$ule adopt$ by 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d "u subsection
 7k71 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may1 ^u
 provid+ writt5 notice to ! claimant & a
 p]iod ( #cj days1 beg9n+ on ! date ( ! 
notice1 to respond to ! notice1 & aft]  
consid]+ any su* response1 issue a      
det]m9ation dismiss+ ! claimants'       
claims1 :i* %all include an aw>d (      
attorneys' fees & co/s1 if appropriate1 
"u subsection 7y77#b74 ,!reaft]1 !      
claimant may only *all5ge su*           
det]m9ation to ! ext5t p]mitt$ "u       
section #aejh7;c71 except t1 be=e any   
additional proce$+s are initiat$ "u     
section #aejh1 ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d may1 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 vacate 
! det]m9ation ( dismissal4  7w7 ,reque/ 
= reconsid]ation ,a p>ty may1 )9 #cj    
days aft] ! date on :i* ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d issues a f9al det]m9ation 
9 a proce$+ "u ?is *apt]1 submit a      

writt5 reque/ = reconsid]ation (1 or an 
am5dm5t to1 su* det]m9ation if ! p>ty   
id5tifies a cle> error ( law or fact    
mat]ial to ! outcome1 or a te*nical     
mi/ake4 ,aft] provid+ ! o!r p>ties an   
opportunity to address su* reque/1 !    
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all ei!r d5y !
 reque/ or issue an am5d$ f9al          
det]m9ation4  7x7 ,review by regi/] ,if 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d d5ies a p>ty 
a reque/ = reconsid]ation ( a f9al      
det]m9ation "u subsection 7w71 t p>ty   
may1 )9 #cj days aft] ! date ( su*      
d5ial1 reque/ review ( ! f9al           
det]m9ation by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights 9
 accordance ) regulations e/abli%$ by ! 
,regi/]4 ,su* reque/ %all be accompani$ 
by a reasonable fil+ fee1 z provid$ 9   
su* regulations4 ,! review by ! ,regi/] 
%all be limit$ to consid]ation ( :e!r ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d abus$ its      
discretion 9 d5y+ reconsid]ation ( !    
det]m9ation4 ,aft] provid+ ! o!r p>ties 
an opportunity to address ! reque/1 !   
,regi/] %all ei!r d5y ! reque/ = review1

 or rem& ! proce$+ to ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d = reconsid]ation ( issues 
specifi$ 9 ! rem& & = issuance ( an     
am5d$ f9al det]m9ation4 ,su* am5d$ f9al 
det]m9ation %all n be subject to fur!r  
consid]ation or review1 o!r ?an "u      
section #aejh7;c74  7y7 ,conduct (      
p>ties & attorneys  7#a7 ,c]tification  
,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all e/abli%   
regulations requir+ c]tification ( !    
accuracy & tru?fulness ( /atem5ts made  
by p>ticipants 9 proce$+s be=e !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7#b7 ,bad    
fai? conduct ,not)/&+ any o!r provision 
( law1 9 any proce$+ 9 :i* a det]m9ation
 is r5d]$ & x is e/abli%$ t a p>ty      
pursu$ a claim1 c\nt]claim1 or def5se = 
a h>ass+ or o!r improp] purpose1 or )\t 
a reasonable basis 9 law or fact1 !n1   
unless inconsi/5t ) ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all 9 su*   
det]m9ation aw>d reasonable co/s &      
attorneys' fees to any adv]sely affect$ 
p>ty ( 9 an am\nt ( n m ?an #e1jjj1     
except t--  7,a7 if an adv]sely affect$ 

p>ty appe>$ pro se 9 ! proce$+1 ! aw>d  
to t p>ty %all be = co/s only1 9 an     
am\nt ( n m ?an #b1ejj2 &  7,b7 9       
extraord9>y circum/ances1 su* z :]e a   
p>ty has demon/rat$ a patt]n or practice
 ( bad fai? conduct z describ$ 9 ?is    
p>agraph1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d    
may1 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 aw>d co/s &  
attorneys' fees 9 excess ( ! limitations
 "u ?is p>agraph4  7#c7 ,additional     
p5alty ,if ! ,bo>d f9ds t on m ?an "o   
occasion )9 a #ab-mon? p]iod a p>ty     
pursu$ a claim1 c\nt]claim1 or def5se   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d = a     
h>ass+ or o!r improp] purpose1 or )\t a 
reasonable basis 9 law or fact1 t p>ty  
%all be b>r$ f initiat+ a claim be=e !  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d "u ?is *apt] = 
a p]iod ( #ab mon?s beg9n+ on ! date on 
:i* ! ,bo>d makes su* a f9d+4 ,any      
proce$+ comm5c$ by t p>ty t is /ill p5d+
 be=e ! ,bo>d :5 su* a f9d+ is made %all
 be dismiss$ )\t prejudice1 except t if 
a proce$+ has be5 deem$ active "u       
subsection 7i71 ! proce$+ %all be       

dismiss$ "u ?is p>agraph only if !      
respond5t provides writt5 cons5t !reto4 
7z7 ,regulations = small] claims ,!     
,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all e/abli%      
regulations to provide = ! consid]ation 
& det]m9ation1 by at lea/ "o ,copyright 
,claims ,(fic]1 ( any claim "u ?is *apt]
 9 :i* total damages s\ght d n exce$    
#e1jjj 7exclusive ( attorneys' fees &   
co/s7 t are o!rwise consi/5t ) ?is      
*apt]4 ,a det]m9ation issu$ "u ?is      
subsection %all h ! same effect z a     
det]m9ation issu$ by ! entire ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d4  #aejg4 ,effect (       
proce$+  7a7 ,det]m9ation ,subject to ! 
reconsid]ation & review processes       
provid$ "u subsections 7w7 & 7x7 (      
section #aejf & section #aejh7;c71 !    
issuance ( a f9al det]m9ation by !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 a proce$+1   
includ+ a default det]m9ation or        
det]m9ation bas$ on a failure to        
prosecute1 %all1 solely ) respect to !  
p>ties to su* det]m9ation1 preclude     
relitigation be=e any c\rt or tribunal1 

or be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 ( ! 
claims & c\nt]claims ass]t$ & f9ally    
det]m9$ by ! ,bo>d1 & may be reli$ ^u = 
su* purpose 9 a future action or proce$+
 aris+ f ! same specific activity or    
activities1 subject to ! foll[+3  7#a7  
,a det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims   
,bo>d %all n preclude litigation or     
relitigation z betwe5 ! same or diff]5t 
p>ties be=e any c\rt or tribunal1 or !  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 ( ! same or   
simil> issues ( fact or law 9 connection
 ) claims or c\nt]claims n ass]t$ or n  
f9ally det]m9$ by ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d4  7#b7 ,a det]m9ation ( own]%ip ( 
a copyright$ "w = purposes ( resolv+ a  
matt] be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d   
may n be reli$ ^u1 & %all n h any       
preclusive effect1 9 any o!r action or  
proce$+ be=e any c\rt or tribunal1      
includ+ ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4     
7#c7 ,except to ! ext5t p]mitt$ "u ?is  
subsection & section #aejh1 any         
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 may n be cit$ or reli$ ^u z legal      

prec$5t 9 any o!r action or proce$+ be=e
 any c\rt or tribunal1 includ+ !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7b7 ,class   
actions n affect$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a     
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
%all n h any effect on a class action   
proce$+ 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 & section #aeji7;a7 %all n apply
 to a class action proce$+ 9 a di/rict  
c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,notice ( 
class action ,any p>ty to an active     
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
:o receives notice ( a p5d+ class       
action1 aris+ out ( ! same transaction  
or occurr5ce z ! proce$+ be=e !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 9 :i* ! p>ty  
is a class memb] %all ei!r--  7,a7 opt  
out ( ! class action1 9 accordance )    
regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (     
,copyrights2 or  7,b7 seek dismissal "u 
section #aejf7q77#c7 ( ! proce$+ be=e ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7c7 ,o!r     
mat]ials 9 proce$+ ,except z p]mitt$ "u 
?is section & section #aejh1 a          
submission or /atem5t ( a p>ty or       

witness made 9 connection ) a proce$+   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 includ+
 a proce$+ t is dismiss$1 may n be cit$ 
or reli$ ^u 91 or s]ve z ! basis (1 any 
action or proce$+ conc]n+ rights or     
limitations on rights "u ?is title be=e 
any c\rt or tribunal1 includ+ !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7d7          
,applicability ( section #eab7;g7 ,a    
claim or c\nt]claim be=e ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d t is br\ght "u subsection 
7c77#a7 or 7c77#d7 ( section #aejd1 or  
br\ght "u subsection 7c77#f7 ( section  
#aejd & t relates to a claim "u         
subsection 7c77#a7 or 7c77#d7 ( su*     
section1 qualifies z an action seek+ an 
ord] to re/ra9 a subscrib] f engag+ 9   
infr++ activity "u section              
#eab7;g77#b77;,c7 if--  7#a7 notice ( ! 
comm5cem5t ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
proce$+ is provid$ by ! claimant to !   
s]vice provid]'s designat$ ag5t be=e !  
s]vice provid] replaces ! mat]ial foll[+
 receipt ( a c\nt] notification "u      
section #eab7;g72 &  7#b7 ! claim br\ght

 alleges infr+em5t ( ! mat]ial id5tifi$ 
9 ! notification ( claim$ infr+em5t "u  
section #eab7;c77#a77;,c74  7e7 ,failure
 ,to ass]t c\nt]claim ,! failure or     
inability to ass]t a c\nt]claim 9 a     
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
%all n preclude ! ass]tion ( t          
c\nt]claim 9 a subsequ5t c\rt action or 
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4
  7f7 ,opt-,out or dismissal ( p>ty ,if 
a p>ty has timely opt$ out ( a proce$+  
"u section #aejf7;i7 or is dismiss$ f a 
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
issues a f9al det]m9ation 9 ! proce$+1 !
 det]m9ation %all n be b9d+ ^u & %all h 
no preclusive effect ) respect to t     
p>ty4  #aejh4 ,review & confirmation by 
di/rict c\rt  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any       
proce$+ 9 :i* a p>ty has fail$ to pay   
damages1 or has fail$ o!rwise to comply 
) ! relief1 aw>d$ 9 a f9al det]m9ation (
 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 includ+ a  
default det]m9ation or a det]m9ation    
bas$ on a failure to prosecute1 !       
aggriev$ p>ty may1 n lat] ?an #a ye>    

aft] ! date on :i* ! f9al det]m9ation is
 issu$1 any reconsid]ation by !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d or review by ! 
,regi/] ( ,copyrights is resolv$1 or an 
am5d$ f9al det]m9ation is issu$1 :i*ev] 
occurs la/1 apply to ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 
or any o!r appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates = an ord] confirm+ !      
relief aw>d$ 9 ! f9al det]m9ation &     
r$uc+ su* aw>d to judgm5t4 ,! c\rt %all 
grant su* ord] & direct entry ( judgm5t 
unless ! det]m9ation is or has be5      
vacat$1 modifi$1 or correct$ "u         
subsection 7c74 ,if ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 
or o!r di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z
 ! case may be1 issues an ord] confirm+ 
! relief aw>d$ by ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d1 ! c\rt %all impose on ! p>ty :o  
fail$ to pay damages or o!rwise comply )
 ! relief1 ! reasonable exp5ses requir$ 
to secure su* ord]1 includ+ attorneys'  
fees1 t 7 incurr$ by ! aggriev$ p>ty4   
7b7 ,fil+ proc$ures  7#a7 ,application  

to confirm det]m9ation ,notice ( !      
application "u subsection 7a7 =         
confirmation ( a det]m9ation ( !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d & entry (      
judgm5t %all be provid$ to all p>ties to
 ! proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d t result$ 9 ! det]m9ation1 9      
accordance ) ! proc$ures applicable to  
s]vice ( a motion 9 ! di/rict c\rt ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates :]e ! application is made4
  7#b7 ,cont5ts ( application ,!        
application %all include ! foll[+3 7,a7 
,a c]tifi$ copy ( ! f9al or am5d$ f9al  
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d1 z reflect$ 9 ! records ( !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 foll[+ any    
process ( reconsid]ation or review by ! 
,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 to be confirm$ & 
r5d]$ to judgm5t4  7,b7 ,a decl>ation by
 ! applicant1 "u p5alty ( p]jury-- 7i7 t
 ! copy is a true & correct copy ( su*  
det]m9ation2  7ii7 /at+ ! date x 0      
issu$2  7iii7 /at+ ! basis = ! *all5ge  
"u subsection 7c77#a72 &  7iv7 /at+ :e!r
 ! applicant is aw>e ( any o!r proce$+s 

be=e ! c\rt conc]n+ ! same det]m9ation (
 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7c7       
,*all5ges to ! det]m9ation  7#a7 ,bases 
= *all5ge ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] !   
date on :i* ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d    
issues a f9al or am5d$ f9al det]m9ation 
9 a proce$+1 or n lat] ?an #ij days aft]
 ! date on :i* ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights  
completes any process ( reconsid]ation  
or review ( ! det]m9ation1 :i*ev] occurs
 lat]1 a p>ty may seek a c\rt ord]      
vacat+1 modify+1 or correct+ !          
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 9 ! foll[+ cases3  7,a7 ,if !          
det]m9ation 0 issu$ z a result ( fraud1 
corruption1 misrepres5tation1 or o!r    
misconduct4  7,b7 ,if ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d exce$$ its au?ority or    
fail$ to r5d] a f9al det]m9ation conc]n+
 ! subject matt] at issue4  7,c7 ,9 !   
case ( a default det]m9ation or         
det]m9ation bas$ on a failure to        
prosecute1 if x is e/abli%$ t ! default 
or failure 0 due to excusable neglect4  
7#b7 ,proc$ure to *all5ge  7,a7 ,notice 

( application ,notice ( ! application to
 *all5ge a det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d %all be provid$ to all    
p>ties to ! proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d1 9 accordance ) !         
proc$ures applicable to s]vice ( a      
motion 9 ! c\rt :]e ! application is    
made4  7,b7 ,/ay+ ( proce$+s ,= purposes
 ( an application "u ?is subsection1 any
 judge :o is au?oriz$ to issue an ord]  
to /ay ! proce$+s 9 an any o!r action   
br\ght 9 ! same c\rt may issue an ord]1 
to be s]v$ ) ! notice ( application1    
/ay+ proce$+s to en=ce ! aw>d :ile !    
*all5ge is p5d+4  #aeji4 ,relation%ip to
 o!r di/rict c\rt actions  7a7 ,/ay (   
di/rict c\rt proce$+s ,subject to       
section #aejg7;b71 a di/rict c\rt ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates %all issue a /ay (        
proce$+s or su* o!r relief z ! c\rt     
det]m9es appropriate ) respect to any   
claim br\ght be=e ! c\rt t is already ! 
subject ( a p5d+ or active proce$+ be=e 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7b7        
,alt]native dispute resolution process  

,a proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d "u ?is *apt] %all qualify z an    
alt]native dispute resolution process "u
 section #fea ( title #bh = purposes (  
ref]ral ( eligible cases by di/rict     
c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ^u ! cons5t ( ! 
p>ties4  #aeaj4 ,implem5tation by       
,copyright ,(fice  7a7 ,regulations     
7#a7 ,implem5tation g5]ally ,! ,regi/] (
 ,copyrights %all e/abli% regulations to
 c>ry out ?is *apt]4 ,su* regulations   
%all include ! fees prescrib$ "u        
subsections 7e7 & 7x7 ( section #aejf4  
,! au?ority to issue su* fees %all n    
limit ! au?ority ( ! ,regi/] (          
,copyrights to e/abli% fees = s]vices "u
 section #gjh4 ,all fees receiv$ by !   
,copyright ,(fice 9 connection ) !      
activities "u ?is *apt] %all be deposit$
 by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights & cr$it$ to 
! appropriations = necess>y exp5ses ( ! 
,(fice 9 accordance ) section #gjh7;d74 
,9 e/abli%+ regulations "u ?is          
subsection1 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all
 provide = ! effici5t adm9i/ration ( !  

,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 & = ! ability 
( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d to timely  
complete proce$+s in/itut$ "u ?is *apt]1
 includ+ by implem5t+ me*anisms to      
prev5t h>ass+ or improp] use ( !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d by any p>ty4   
7#b7 ,limits on monet>y relief  7,a7 ,9 
g5]al ,subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 n   
e>li] ?an #c ye>s aft] ! date on :i*    
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d issues ! fir/  
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d1 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights may1 9   
ord] to fur!r ! goals ( ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d1 conduct a rulemak+ to    
adju/ ! limits on monet>y recov]y or    
attorneys' fees & co/s t may be aw>d$ "u
 ?is *apt]4  7,b7 ,effective date (     
adju/m5t ,any rule "u subp>agraph 7,a7 t
 makes an adju/m5t %all take effect at !
 end ( ! #abj-;day p]iod beg9n+ on !    
date on :i* ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights     
submits ! rule to ,congress & only if   
,congress does n1 dur+ t #abj-;day      
p]iod1 enact a law t provides 9 sub/ance
 t ,congress does n approve ! rule4  7b7

 ,necess>y facilities ,subject to       
applicable law1 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights 
may reta9 outside v5dors to e/abli%     
int]net-bas$1 teleconf]5c+1 & o!r       
facilities requir$ to op]ate !          
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7c7 ,fees    
,any fil+ fees1 includ+ ! fee to comm5ce
 a proce$+ "u section #aejf7;e71 %all be
 prescrib$ 9 regulations e/abli%$ by !  
,regi/] ( ,copyrights4 ,! sum total (   
su* fil+ fees %all be 9 an am\nt ( at   
lea/ #ajj1 may n exce$ ! co/ ( fil+ an  
action 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates1 & %all be fix$ 9 am\nts t fur!r 
! goals ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4   
#aeaa4 ,fund+ ,!re are au?oriz$ to be   
appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y  
to pay ! co/s incurr$ by ! ,copyright   
,(fice "u ?is *apt] t are n cov]$ by    
fees collect$ = s]vices r5d]$ "u ?is    
*apt]1 includ+ ! co/s ( e/abli%+ &      
ma9ta9+ ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d & its
 facilities4  4  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,!
 table ( *apt]s = title #ag1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ aft] !   

item relat+ to *apt] #ad ! foll[+3      
#ae4;,copyright ,small ,claims#aeja  4  
#c4 ,implem5tation ,n lat] #a ye> aft] !
 date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !          
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d e/abli%$ "u    
section #aejb ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 z add$ by section #b ( ?is ,act1
 %all beg9 op]ations4  #d4 ,/udy ,n lat]
 ?an #c ye>s aft] ! date on :i*         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d issues ! fir/  
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 "u *apt] #ae ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 z add$ by section #b ( ?is ,act1
 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all conduct1 &
 report to ,congress on1 a /udy t       
addresses ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,! use &      
efficacy ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 
resolv+ copyright claims1 includ+ !     
numb] ( proce$+s ! ,copyright ,claims   
,bo>d c\ld reasonably adm9i/]4  7#b7    
,:e!r adju/m5ts to ! au?ority ( !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d are necess>y or
 advisable1 includ+ ) respect to--  7,a7
 eligible claims1 su* z claims "u       
section #abjb ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates

 ,code2 &  7,b7 works & applicable      
damages limitations4  7#c7 ,:e!r great] 
all[ance %\ld be made to p]mit aw>ds (  
attorneys' fees & co/s to prevail+      
p>ties1 includ+ pot5tial limitations on 
su* aw>ds4  7#d7 ,pot5tial me*anisms to 
assi/ copyright own]s ) small claims 9  
asc]ta9+ ! id5tity & location ( unkn[n  
onl9e infr+]s4  7#e7 ,:e!r ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d %\ld be exp&$ to (f]      
m$iation or o!r nonb9d+ alt]native      
dispute resolution s]vices to int]e/$   
p>ties4  7#f7 ,su* o!r matt]s z !       
,regi/] ( ,copyrights believes may be   
p]t95t conc]n+ ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d4  #e4 ,sev]ability ,if any        
provision ( ?is ,act1 an am5dm5t made by
 ?is ,act1 or ! application ( su*       
provision or am5dm5t to any p]son or    
circum/ance is held to be               
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act & 
! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 & !        
application ( ! provision or ! am5dm5t  
to any o!r p]son or circum/ance1 %all n 
be affect$4  ,pass$ ! ,h\se (           

,repres5tatives ,octob] #bb1            
#bjai4;,*]yl ,l4 ,johnson1,cl]k  ,octob]
 #bc1 #bjai,receiv$2 read twice & plac$ 
on ! cal5d>