,i  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #adaj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #bg1 #bjai   
,mr4 ,re$ 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,curtis1 ,mr4
 ,hurd ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,fitzpatrick1 ,mr4
 ,mooney ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,upton1  
,mr4 ,got!im]1 ,mr4 ,o',hall]an1 ,mr4   
,lip9ski1 ,mrs4 ,murphy1 ,mrs4 ,luria1  
,mr4 ,c>bajal1 ,mrs4 ,d+ell1 ,mr4       
,s*rad]1 ,mr4 ,posey1 ,mr4 ,suozzi1 ,mr4
 ,h>d] ( ,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,spanb]g]1 ,mr4
 ,gonzalez ( ,texas1 & ,mrs4 ,rodg]s (  
,wa%+ton7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0
 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1 
& 9 addition to ! ,committees on        
,transportation & ,infra/ructure1 &     
,=eign ,affairs1 = a p]iod to be        
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to prohibit !      
cont9uation ( an executive em]g5cy      
decl>ation "u ! ,national ,em]g5cies    
,act abs5t approval by ,congress4  #a4  
,%ort title  ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  

,gu>d+ ,congressional ,au?ority ,act4   
#b4 ,s5se ( ,congress  ,:]eas hi/orical 
decl>ations ( national em]g5cies set a  
prec$5t ( gov]n+ by national em]g5cy )\t
 approval f ,congress2  ,:]eas c\rts h a
 limit$ role ) respect to *all5ges to   
,f$]al law2  ,:]eas ,congress has fail$ 
to gu>d its own appropriations au?ority 
& has !reby end[$ executives ) m un*eck$
 p[] & und$icat$ funds2  ,:]eas         
,congress has mi/ak5ly giv5 ! executive 
hi/orically unre/ra9$ au?ority ?r\gh !  
,national ,em]g5cies ,act ( #aigf2      
,:]eas ! ,national ,em]g5cies ,act has  
(f]$ ! executive billions ( doll>s )\t  
cle> conditions t ,congress is end[$ ) !
 necess>y au?ority to prescribe2  ,:]eas
 ,congress int5ds to ass]t its          
con/itutional au?ority & protect ! *ecks
 ! body 0 int5d$ to place on ! executive
 bran* ( gov]nm5t2 n[ !re=e  ,x is !    
s5se ( ,congress t any executive action 
issu$ by ! ,presid5t be=e1 on1 or aft] !
 date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act t infr+es on
 ! p[]s & duties ( ,congress "u section 

#h & section #i ( article ,i ( !        
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t    
w\ld require ! exp5diture ( ,f$]al funds
 n specifically appropriat$ = ! purpose 
( ! executive action1 is advisory only &
 has no =ce or effect unless enact$ z   
law4  #c4 ,def9ition ( executive action 
,9 ?is ,act1 ! t]m executive action     
includes an ,executive ord]1 memor&a1   
proclamation1 or sign+ /atem5t4  #d4    
,deadl9e = congressional approval  ,!   
,presid5t mu/ t]m9ate ! executive       
decl>ation ( a national em]g5cy "u !    
,national ,em]g5cies ,act aft] #fj days 
unless ,congress 7#a7 has affirmatively 
au?oriz$ ! action2 or 7#b7 has ext5d$ ! 
"t p]iod by law4  ,once ! ,presid5t has 
issu$ a national em]g5cy decl>ation "u !
 ,national ,em]g5cies ,act a resolution 
affirmatively au?oriz+ ! action &_/or   
ext5d+ ! "t p]iod %all be ! fir/        
legislative item consid]$ by !          
respective bodies ) all o!r legislative 
action susp5d$ until su* resolution is  
vot$ ^u by ! body4  #e4 ,vitiation (    

effect ( executive action  ,any propos$ 
executive action t infr+es on ! p[]s &  
duties ( ,congress "u section #h &      
section #i ( article ,i ( ! ,con/itution
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h no =ce or     
effect4  #f4 ,prohibition aga9/ use (   
funds = c]ta9 purposes  ,no funds       
appropriat$ pursuant to any provision ( 
law may be us$ to promulgate or en=ce   
any propos$ executive action t infr+es  
on ! p[]s & duties ( ,congress "u       
section #h & section #i ( article ,i ( !
 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #g4   
,/&+ to *all5ge executive action  ,a    
civil action may be br\ght 9 an         
appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates to *all5ge ! validity ( any      
propos$ executive action :i* infr+es on 
! p[]s & duties ( ,congress "u section  
#h & section #i ( article ,i ( !        
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by !     
foll[+ p]sons3  7#a7 ,congress & its    
memb]s ,any ,memb] ( ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives or ! ,s5ate1 or ei!r or 
bo? *amb]s act+ pursuant to vote1 if !  

*all5g$ executive action--  7,a7 infr+es
 on ! p[]s & duties ( ,congress "u      
article ,i1 section #h & section #i ( ! 
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4