,,ia  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,j4 ,,res4 #hb  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(  
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #g1 #bjbj,ms4 
,om> submitt$ ! foll[+ jo9t resolution2 
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign  
,affairs  ,,jo9t ,,resolution  ,direct !
 removal ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f  
ho/ilities aga9/ ! ,islamic ,republic ( 
,iran t h n be5 au?oriz$ by ,congress4  
#a4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes ! foll[+     
f9d+s3 7#a7 ,congress has ! sole p[] to 
decl>e w> "u article ,i1 section #h1    
clause #aa ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates            
,con/itution4  7#b7 ,congress has n yet 
decl>$ w> ^u1 nor enact$ a specific     
/atutory au?orization = use ( milit>y   
=ce aga9/1 ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran4
 ,! #bjja ,au?orization = ,use (        
,milit>y ,=ce 7,public ,law #ajg-dj2 #ej
 ,u4,s4,c4 #aeda note7 aga9/ !          
p]petrators ( ! #i_/aa attack & !       
,au?orization = ,use ( ,milit>y ,=ce    
,aga9/ ,iraq ,resolution ( #bjjb        
7,public ,law #ajg-bdc2 #ej ,u4,s4,c4   
#aeda note7 d n s]ve z a specific       

/atutory au?orization = w> aga9/ ,iran1 
& nei!r au?orize any su* action4 ,!     
,trump ,adm9i/ration has ackn[l$g$ t    
nei!r act is specific /atutory          
au?orization = milit>y action aga9/     
,iran4  7#c7 ,presid5t ,donald ,j4      
,trump und]/&s t ,congress has n        
au?oriz$ w> ) ,iran & has /at$ t he has 
! au?ority to initiate su* milit>y      
action )\t fir/ go+ to ,congress1 z     
report$ 9 ,! ,hill on ,june #bd1 #bjai4 
7#d7 ,! conflict betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
& ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran          
con/itutes1 )9 ! mean+ ( section #d7;a7 
( ! ,w> ,p[]s ,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4
 #aedc7;a771 ei!r ho/ilities or a       
situation :]e imm95t involvem5t 9       
ho/ilities is cle>ly indicat$ by !      
circum/ances into :i* ,unit$ ,/ates     
,arm$ ,=ces h be5 introduc$4  7#e7      
,section #e7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s           
,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedd7;c77   
/ates t at any "t t ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ 
,=ces are engag$ 9 ho/ilities outside ! 
t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its         

possessions & t]ritories )\t a          
decl>ation ( w> or specific /atutory    
au?orization1 su* =ces %all be remov$ by
 ! ,presid5t if ! ,congress s directs4  
7#f7 ,section #h7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s      
,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedg7;c77   
def9es ! introduction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
,arm$ ,=ces to include ! assignm5t (    
memb]s ( su* arm$ =ces to comm&1        
coord9ate1 p>ticipate 9 ! movem5t (1 or 
accompany ! regul> or irregul> =ces (   
any =eign c\ntry or gov]nm5t :5 su*     
milit>y =ces are engag$1 or !re exi/s an
 imm95t ?reat t su* =ces w become engag$
 91 ho/ilities4  7#g7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,arm$ ,=ces h be5 introduc$ into        
ho/ilities1 z def9$ by ! ,w> ,p[]s      
,resolution1 aga9/ ,iran4  7#h7         
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se (ficials h be5 w>n+ 
= m ?an a ye> t ! ,trump ,adm9i/ration  
maximum pressure campaign aga9/ ,iran1  
:i* has includ$ economic1 diplomatic &  
milit>y pressure1 is rais+ ! risk (     
retaliation aga9/ ,unit$ ,/ates troops &
 p]sonnel4 ,! cycle ( escalat+ back-&-=?

 viol5ce betwe5 ,iran & its proxies & ! 
,unit$ ,/ates & its allies h prov5 _!   
w>n+s correct4  7#i7 ,! "q ( :e!r ,unit$
 ,/ates =ces %\ld be engag$ 9 arm$      
conflict aga9/ ,iran %\ld only be made  
foll[+ a full brief+ to ,congress & !   
,am]ican public ( ! issues at /ake1 a   
public debate 9 ,congress1 & a          
congressional vote z contemplat$ by !   
,con/itution4 ,! abs5ce ( su* a         
delib]ative approa* is deeply unfair to 
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces &  
o!r ,am]icans ^: lives are at risk 9 !  
ev5t ( ho/ilities betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 & ,iran4  7#aj7 ,section #ajac ( !     
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ,au?orization ,act1   
,fiscal ,ye>s #aihd & #aihe 7#ej        
,u4,s4,c4 #aedf;a7 provides t any jo9t  
resolution or bill to require ! removal 
( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces engag$ 9    
ho/ilities )\t a decl>ation ( w> or     
specific /atutory au?orization %all be  
consid]$ 9 accordance ) ! exp$it$       
proc$ures ( section #fja7;b7 ( !        
,int]national ,security & ,arms ,export 

,control ,act ( #aigf4  #b4 ,removal (  
,unit$ ,/ates ,=ces f ,ho/ilities aga9/ 
! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran  7a7       
,removal ( =ces ,pursuant to section    
#ajac ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate             
,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal ,ye>s #aihd 
& #aihe 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedf;a71 & 9    
accordance ) ! provisions ( section     
#fja7;b7 ( ! ,int]national ,security    
,assi/ance & ,arms ,export ,control ,act
 ( #aigf1 ,congress h]eby directs !     
,presid5t to remove ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ 
,=ces f ho/ilities aga9/ ! ,islamic     
,republic ( ,iran or any "p ( its       
gov]nm5t or milit>y1 by n lat] ?an !    
date t is #cj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is jo9t resolution unless   
explicitly au?oriz$ by a decl>ation ( w>
 or specific au?orization = use (       
milit>y =ce4  7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction   
,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to  
prev5t ! ,unit$ ,/ates f def5d+ itself f
 imm95t attack4