,,ia  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,j4 ,,res4 #eh  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(  
,,repres5tatives  ,may #ae1 #bjai,mr4   
,m\lton submitt$ ! foll[+ jo9t          
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,=eign ,affairs  ,,jo9t ,,resolution
  ,requir+ congressional approval prior 
to engag+ 9 ho/ilities )9 ! sov]eign    
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran4  #a4 ,%ort  
title ,?is ,jo9t ,resolution may be cit$
 z ! ,con/itutional ,au?orities         
,resolution4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds 
! foll[+3  7#a7 ,article ,i1 section #h1
 ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
grants ,congress ! sole p[] to decl>e   
w>4  7#b7 ,presid5t ,george ,wa%+ton1 9 
a lett] to ,william ,m\ltrie dat$ ,augu/
 #bh1 #agic1 wrote t the con/itution    
ve/s ! p[] ( decl>+ w> 9 ,congress2     
!re=e no (f5sive exp$ition ( importance 
c be und]tak5 until aft] !y %all h      
delib]at$ ^u ! subject & au?oriz$ su* a 
measure4  7#c7 ,alex&] ,hamilton wrote 9
 ,exam9ation ,numb] #a ( ! ,hamilton    
,pap]s1 dat$ ,decemb] #ag1 #ahja1 t the 

,congress %all h ! p[] to decl>e w>2 !  
pla9 mean+ ( :i* is1 t x is ! peculi> & 
exclusive duty ( ,congress1 :5 ! nation 
is at peace1 to *ange t /ate into a /ate
 ( w>4  7#d7 ,iran is ! lead+ /ate      
sponsor ( t]rorism 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ & a 
p]nici\s tr\blemak] 9 ,iraq &           
,afghani/an4  7#e7 ,missile te/s by     
,iran h l$ to escalat+ t5sions )        
,israel1 ,saudi ,arabia1 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 & ! ,unit$ ,nations4  7#f7 ,iran
 has ?reat5$ to %utd[n crucial m>itime  
l9es ( communication1 putt+ ,unit$      
,/ates & int]national naval assets1 z   
well z global en]gy assets1 at risk4    
7#g7 ,s9ce #aigi1 ,iran has be5 rul$ by 
,islamic !ocrats :o use ! ,quran to     
ju/ify ! suppression ( dome/ic political
 fre$om & ! d5ial ( civil & human       
rights4  7#h7 ,a w> ) ,iran w\ld also   
endang] ,unit$ ,/ates assets1 p]sonnel1 
& =eign policy objectives ?r\gh\t !     
region1 includ+ 9 ,iraq1 ,afghani/an1 & 
,israel4  7#i7 ,on ,june #bb1 #bjah1    
,presid5t ,trump tweet$ t ,iran will    

suff] consequ5ces ! likes ( :i* few     
?r\gh\t hi/ory h ev] suff]$ be=e4  7#aj7
 ,a ,may #e1 #bjai1 /atem5t f ,national 
,security ,advisor ,ambassador ,john    
,bolton said t any attack on ,am]ica or 
its allies1 by ,iran or its proxies1 w  
be met ) unrel5t+ =ce4  7#aa7 ,loose    
talk ( w> & bellig]5t rhetoric increases
 ! risk ( miscalculation by ei!r side & 
unsettles ,unit$ ,/ates allies4  #c4    
,s5se ( ,congress on requirem5t to obta9
 congressional approval prior to engag+ 
9 ho/ilities )9 ! ,islamic ,republic (  
,iran ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t        
specific congressional approval is      
requir$1 & has n be5 provid$ z ( ! date 
( ! enactm5t ( ?is jo9t resolution1 to  
au?orize ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces to 
engage 9 ho/ilities )9 ! sov]eign       
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran4  #d4 ,prior 
notice requirem5t be=e entry into       
ho/ilities )9 ,iran ,prior to !         
introduction ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces into !     
sov]eign ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran1 !  
,presid5t %all submit to ,congress a    

report1 9 classifi$ or unclassifi$ =m1 t
 includes--  7#a7 ! circum/ances        
necessitat+ ! introduction ( ! ,arm$    
,=ces2  7#b7 ! con/itutional &          
legislative au?ority "u :i* su*         
introduction took place2 &  7#c7 !      
e/imat$ scope & duration ( ! ho/ilities 
or involvem5t4