,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #ac  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se   
,,( ,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #d1      
#bjai,mrs4 ,beatty 7= h]self1 ,mr4 ,br[n
 ( ,m>yl&1 ,ms4 ,cl>ke ( ,new ,york1    
,mr4 ,coh51 ,mr4 ,grijalva1 ,ms4        
,jackson ,lee1 ,ms4 ,moore1 ,mr4 ,ryan1 
,ms4 ,kelly ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,david     
,scott ( ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,soto1 ,mr4     
,takano1 ,mr4 ,vela1 ,mrs4 ,luria1 &    
,mr4 ,v>gas7 submitt$ ! foll[+ concurr5t
 resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,vet]ans' ,affairs        
,,concurr5t ,,resolution  ,recogniz+ !  
difficult *all5ges ,black vet]ans fac$  
:5 return+ home aft] s]v+ 9 ! ,arm$     
,=ces1 _! h]oic milit>y sacrifices1 & _!
 patriotism 9 fight+ = equal rights & = 
! dignity ( a p & a ,nation4  ,:]eas !re
 has be5 no w> f\ght by or )9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates 9 :i* ,blacks did n p>ticipate1  
includ+ ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 ! ,civil   
,w>1 ! ,w> ( #ahab1 ! ,spani% ,am]ican  
,w>1 ,_w ,w>s ,i & ,,ii1 ! ,korean ,w>1 
! ,vietnam ,w>1 ! ,gulf ,w>1 ,op]ation  

,endur+ ,fre$om1 & ,op]ation ,iraqi     
,fre$om2 ,:]eas ,fr$]ick ,d\glass voic$ 
8 op9ion 9 "o ( 8 autobiographies1 ,life
 & ,times ( ,fr$]ick ,d\glass1 writ+1 ,i
 ''' urg$ e man :o c\ld1 to enli/2 to   
get an eagle on 8 button1 a musket on 8 
%\ld]1 ! />-spangl$ bann] ov] 8 head1   
lat] rem>k+ t !re is no p[] on ,e>? :i* 
c d5y t he has e>n$ ! "r to citiz5%ip 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates42 ,:]eas dur+ ! ,civil  
,w>1 ,black soldi]s1 commonly ref]r$ to 
z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,color$ ,troops1 7    
treat$ z second-class citiz5s1 ! heal?  
c>e & hospitals available to !m 7       
sub/&>d1 & !y (t5 di$ f neglect (       
s]vices t 7 suppos$ to be adm9i/]$ by   
m$ical p]sonnel2 ,:]eas ,dr4 ,w4,e4,b4  
,du,bois & ,william ,monroe ,trott]1    
memb]s ( ! fir/ g5]ation ( fre$om's     
*ildr51 f\nd$ ! ,niag>a ,movem5t 9      
#aije2 ,:]eas 9 8 book1 ,black          
,recon/ruction 9 ,am]ica1 publi%$ 9     
#aice1 ,du,bois wrote t no?+ else made  
,negro citiz5%ip conceivable1 b ! record
 ( ! ,negro soldi] z a fight]42 ,:]eas !

 #cfi? ,infantry1 kn[n z ! ,h>lem       
,hell-fight]s1 f\ght ! ,g]mans dur+ ,_w 
,w> ,i z "p ( ! ,fr5* ,army & s]v$ !    
longe/ /ret* 9 combat1 #aia days )\t    
replacem5t1 )\t los+ a foot ( gr\nd or a
 man z prison]2 ,:]eas at ! end ( !     
s]vice ( ! #cfi? ,infantry1 ! entire    
regim5t receiv$ ! ,croix de ,gu]re1 :i* 
0 ,france's highe/ milit>y honor1 f a   
grateful ,fr5* nation2 ,:]eas ,ala9     
,locke1 ! fir/ ,black ,rhodes ,s*ol>1   
wrote 9 #aibe ab\t a ,new ,negro :o _h  
return$ f battle ) a bold new _s t help$
 sp>k a new mood 9 ! ,black community2  
,:]eas 9 #aiag1 ,*>les ,hamilton ,h\/on 
enc\nt]$ racism aft] ent]+ ,_w ,w> ,i z 
a commission$ fir/ lieut5ant 9 !        
segregat$ #ag? ,provisional ,tra9+      
,regim5t1 lat] writ+ t ,i made up my m9d
 t if ,i got ?r\gh ?is w> ,i w\ld /udy  
law & use my "t fight+ = m5 :o c\ld n   
/rike back42 ,:]eas ,dorie ,mill]1 a    
messman att5dant 9 ! ,navy1 0 catapult$ 
to national h]o /atus & an icon to      
g5]ations1 aft] display+ h]oism on bo>d 

! ,,uss ,we/ ,virg9ia dur+ ! ,japanese  
attack on ,pe>l ,h>bor on ,decemb] #g1  
#aida2 ,:]eas be=e becom+ a fam\s       
baseball play]1 ,jackie ,rob9son 0      
c\rt-m>tial$ 9 ! ,army = refus+ to sit 9
 ! back ( ! bus 9 #aidd1 & :5 he 0 lat] 
acquitt$1 he wrote t it 0 a small       
victory1 = ,i _h le>n$ t ,i 0 9 two w>s1
 "o aga9/ ! =eign enemy1 ! o!r aga9/    
prejudice at home42 ,:]eas ! fam$       
,tuskegee ,airm51 a gr\p ( ,black       
pilots1 flew ) di/9ction dur+ ,_w ,w>   
,,ii "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,b5jam9 ,o4   
,davis1 ,jr41 ! highly decorat$ (fic] :o
 s]v$ = m ?an #ce ye>s & became ! fir/  
,black g5]al 9 ! ,air ,=ce2 ,:]eas dur+ 
,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ! #fhhh 7kn[n z ! ,six    
,triple ,eights71 ! fir/ all-woman      
,black ,po/al ,battalion :o s]v$ 9      
,engl& & !n ,france1 7 giv5 ! daunt+    
task ( cle>+ out a #b-ye> backlog ( ov] 
#ij1jjj pieces ( mail1 succe$$ 9 _!     
mission1 complet$ x 9 #c mon?s1 & w5t on
 to make a positive impact on racial    
integration 9 ! milit>y2 ,:]eas dur+ ,_w

 ,w> ,,ii1 ! ,army's #ibnd ,infantry    
,division1 bett] kn[n z ! ,buffalo      
,soldi]s1 :i* traces its direct l9eage  
back to ! #i? & #aj? ,cavalry units f   
#ahff to ! e>ly #ahijs1 0 ! only ,black 
segregat$ unit to exp]i5ce combat dur+ !
 ,italian campaign ( #aidd-aide ) sev]al
 memb]s lat] e>n+ ,m$als ( ,honor =     
brav]y2 ,:]eas ,rev]5d ,b5jam9 ,hooks1  
:o s]v$ 9 ! #ibnd ,division1 f\nd       
himself 9 ! humiliat+ position ( gu>d+  
,italian prison]s ( w> :o 7 all[$ to eat
 9 re/aurants t 7 (f-limits to him2     
,:]eas ev5 aft] ,presid5t ,truman issu$ 
,executive ,ord] #iiha desegregat+ !    
milit>y on ,july #bf1 #aidh1            
discrim9ation cont9u$2 ,:]eas 9 #aidf1  
:5 ,*>les & ,m$g> ,ev]s tri$ to regi/]  
to vote1 !y 7 turn$ away at ! poll+     
/ation2 ,:]eas aft] s]v+ ov]seas 9 !    
,army1 ,*>les & ,m$g> ,ev]s return$ home
 to ,mississippi :]e1 9 #aieb1 !y began 
to organize vot] regi/ration drives = ! 
,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t (
 ,color$ ,p 7,,naacp72 ,:]eas ,oliv] ,l4

 ,br[n1 a ,_w ,w> ,,ii ,army vet]an f   
,kansas1 & ,h>ry ,briggs1 a ,_w ,w> ,,ii
 sailor f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 7 ! fa!rs ( two 
( ! five nam$ pla9tiffs 9 ,br[n v4 ,bo>d
 ( ,education ( ,topeka & ,briggs v4    
,elliott1 ! hi/oric s*ool desegregation 
cases ( #aied2 ,:]eas ! ,black h]oes &  
h]o9es ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii & ! ,korean ,w>1  
su* z ,private ,s>ah ,keys & ,wom5's    
,army ,corps 7,,wac7 (fic] ,dovey       
,r\ndtree1 won significant victories    
aga9/ discrim9ation 9 int]/ate          
transportation 9 l&m>k civil rights     
cases1 includ+ ,keys v4 ,c>ol9a ,coa*   
,company1 :i* 0 decid$ 9 #aiee1 six days
 be=e ,rosa ,p>ks' hi/oric prote/ (     
,alabama's ,jim ,cr[ laws 9 ,montgom]y2 
,:]eas 9 8 address at ,riv]side ,*ur* on
 ,april #d1 #aifg1 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r ,k+1
 ,jr41 comm5t$ on ! irony ( ,blacks     
fight+ 9 ,vietnam to gu>antee lib]ties 9
 ,s\!a/ ,asia :ile n enjoy+ ! same      
rights at home2 ,:]eas ,black vet]ans :o
 7 9 ! =efront ( ! lead]%ip ( ! ,civil  
,rights ,movem5t1 ) _! /rong resolve to 

address ! p>adox ( milit>y s]vice abroad
 & ! d5ial ( basic rights at home1      
br\ght deep] mean+ to ! ^w democracy1 & 
?r\gh _! example1 trans=m$ ! face ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,black vet]ans (
 ! ,nation's w>s s[$ ! se$s = today's   
b\ntiful h>ve/ ?r\gh ! ,niag>a ,movem5t1
 ! ,,naacp1 & ! latt]-day ,civil ,rights
 ,movem5t1 all ( :i* %>e a common       
ance/ry 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 )\t :i* !re w\ld
 be no ,civil ,rights ,movem5t & no     
equal rights = all ,am]icans2 & ,:]eas  
today1 ,black vet]ans suff] at a        
disproportionate rate f *ronic illnesses
 & homelessness & are plagu$ by heal?   
disp>ities3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t        
,congress recognizes-- 7#a7 ! difficult 
*all5ges ,black vet]ans fac$ :5 return+ 
home aft] s]v+ 9 ! ,arm$ ,=ces1 _! h]oic
 milit>y sacrifices1 & _! patriotism 9  
fight+ = equal rights & = ! dignity ( a 
p & a ,nation2 &  7#b7 ! ne$ = !        
,dep>tm5t ( ,vet]ans ,affairs to cont9ue
 to "w to elim9ate any heal? & b5efit   
disp>ities = our ,nation's m9ority      

vet]ans4