,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #aba  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se  
,,( ,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #bj1      
#bjbj,mr4 ,biggs submitt$ ! foll[+      
concurr5t resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs           
,,concurr5t ,,resolution  ,recogniz+ !  
,p's ,republic ( ,*9a z ! greate/ =eign 
?reat to ,unit$ ,/ates peace1 security1 
& /ability4  ,:]eas ! ,p's ,republic (  
,*9a 7,,prc7 has a population (         
approximately #a1djj1jjj1jjj1 comp>$ to 
! ,unit$ ,/ates population (            
approximately #ccj1jjj1jjj2 ,:]eas !    
,,prc's economy is ! second l>ge/ 9 !   
_w1 z measur$ by gross dome/ic product  
7,,gdp71 beh9d only ! ,unit$ ,/ates2    
,:]eas ! ,,prc's ,,gdp w likely surpass 
,unit$ ,/ates ,,gdp 9 ! com+ decades2   
,:]eas ! ,,prc has ! l>ge/ active duty  
milit>y 9 ! _w2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc has      
committ$ to aggressively mod]niz+ its   
milit>y capabilities 9 ! com+ decades2  
,:]eas ! ,,prc possesses nucle>-capable 
int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles2 ,:]eas 

! ,,prc does n %>e ! democratic or free 
m>ket values ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas  
,xi ,j9p+ has be5 ! de facto p>am\nt    
lead] ( ! ,,prc s9ce ,novemb] #bjab1 :5 
he atta9$ ! positions ( ,g5]al ,secret>y
 ( ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty & ,*airman (
 ! ,c5tral ,milit>y ,commission2 ,:]eas 
,xi became ! head ( /ate ( ! ,,prc 9    
,m>* #bjac1 ) a title usually label$    
,presid5t 9 ,we/]n s\rces2 ,:]eas       
,presid5t ,xi has decisively brok5 ) !  
=eign policy re/ra9t practic$ by 8      
imm$iate pr$ecessors2 ,:]eas ,presid5t  
,xi decl>$ 9 a #bjah spee* be=e !       
,national ,p's ,congress t ! ,,prc mu/  
ride on ! mighty ea/ w9d ( ! new era1   
*>ge =w>d ) a full tank & /eadily /e] ! 
:eel ) full p[]2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc has     
neoimp]ial ambitions to spread its p[]  
?r\gh\t ! _w2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc laun*$ !   
,belt & ,road ,initiative 7,,bri7 9     
#bjac1 to (f] f9anc+ = transportation & 
en]gy infra/ructure projects 9 doz5s (  
c\ntries2 ,:]eas _m ( ! ,,bri-p>ticipat+
 c\ntries are poor1 un/able1 or         

pot5tially vuln]able to debt dep5d5ce on
 ,beij+2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates has v   
s5sitive /rategic relation%ips ) _m     
,,bri-p>ticipat+ c\ntries1 includ+      
,afghani/an & ,paki/an2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc  
has releas$ few details ab\t ! ,,bri1   
despite widespread calls f ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 ! ,int]national ,monet>y ,fund1 
& o!r gov]nm5ts & mult9ational          
organizations = great] transp>5cy2      
,:]eas :ile ! ,,prc has be5 opaque ab\t 
! ,,bri1 x has be5 v cle> ab\t its      
ambitions 9 ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea 9 rec5t    
ye>s2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc claims indisputable
 sov]eignty ov] ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea isl&s &
 _! adjac5t wat]s2 ,:]eas ?is ass]tion (
 sov]eignty is n1 9 fact1 indisputable  
to ! o!r c\ntries 9 ! region2 ,:]eas    
,taiwan1 ,vietnam1 ,malaysia1 ,brunei1  
,indonesia1 & ! ,philipp9es1 a ,unit$   
,/ates treaty ally1 all dispute !       
,,prc's expansive ,s\? ,*9a ,sea claims2
 ,:]eas ! ,,prc cont9ues to con/ruct    
milit>iz$ artificial isl&s 9 ! ,s\? ,*9a
 ,sea to bol/] its position2 ,:]eas     

trillions ( doll>s ( %ip-borne comm]ce  
pass ?r\gh ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea ea* ye>1    
includ+ to ,unit$ ,/ates m>kets2 ,:]eas 
! ,,prc cont9ues to aggressively claim  
sov]eignty ov] ,taiwan2 ,:]eas1 on      
,septemb] #cj1 #bjbj1 ! ,,prc's ,premi]1
 ,li ,keqiang1 proclaim$ t we w '''     
resolutely oppose & curb any ,taiwan    
indep5d5ce sep>ati/ behaviors & ext]nal 
int]f]5ce1 ''' & promote ''' !          
reunification ( ! mo!rl&2 ,:]eas        
,beij+'s claims ( sov]eignty ov] ,taiwan
 are beli$ by ! fact t ! ,taiwanese p h 
indep5d5tly gov]n$ _! isl& = ov] #gj    
ye>s2 ,:]eas ,taiwan is a vitally       
important fri5d & regional security     
p>tn] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas !       
,taiwan-,unit$ ,/ates bond has be5      
solidifi$ by ! ,taiwan ,relations ,act1 
! ,taiwan ,travel ,act1 & ! ,six        
,assurances fir/ promulgat$ by ! ,reagan
 adm9i/ration 9 #aihb2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc   
cont9ues to curtail ! rights ( !        
resid5ts ( ! ,hong ,kong ,special       
,adm9i/rative ,region2 ,:]eas1 on ,june 

#cj1 #bjbj1 ! ,,prc's ,national ,p's    
,congress pass$ an expansive national   
security law to broadly crim9alize      
democratic p>ticipation & prote/ 9 ,hong
 ,kong2 ,:]eas ?is law & o!r ef=ts to   
curtail democratic p>ticipation 9 ,hong 
,kong violates ! ,,prc's commitm5ts 9   
#aihd & #aiig to ! ,unit$ ,k+dom to     
respect ,hong ,kong's long tradition (  
economic & democratic fre$oms = #ej     
ye>s1 beg9n+ on ,july #a1 #aiig2 ,:]eas 
! ,beij+ gov]nm5t's increas+ly ho/ile   
actions ?reat5 ! #he1jjj ,am]ican       
resid5ts & #a1cjj ,unit$ ,/ates firms   
op]at+ 9 ,hong ,kong2 ,:]eas1 9 addition
 to ! above & o!r geo/rategic ?reats1 ! 
,,prc wields enorm\s influ5ce ov] !     
,unit$ ,/ates economy2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc   
holds ov] #a1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj 9 ,unit$   
,/ates ,treasury bonds1 m ?an any o!r   
=eign nation except ,japan2 ,:]eas 9    
rec5t ye>s ! ,,prc has ma9ta9$ a massive
 trade surplus ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1     
valu$ at #cde1fjj1jjj1jjj 9 #bjai1 by   
manipulat+ its curr5cy & ma9ta9+        

unreasonably high t>iffs1 among o!r     
tactics2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc r\t9ely         
pressures ,unit$ ,/ates companies ent]+ 
its m>ket to c$e _! intellectual prop]ty
 & m>ket lic5s+ rights2 ,:]eas ! ,,prc  
frequ5tly c>ries out cyb]attacks on     
,unit$ ,/ates companies to /eal trade   
secrets or o!r s5sitive in=mation x _c  
obta9 by o!r means2 ,:]eas cyb]attacks  
orig9at+ f ! ,,prc t>get n only         
companies1 b also ,unit$ ,/ates         
,gov]nm5t & ,unit$ ,/ates def5se        
int]e/s1 academic in/itutions1 nonpr(it 
organizations1 & av]age citiz5s2 &      
,:]eas x is likely t ! ,,prc has access 
to ! p]sonal data ( mo/ citiz5s ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t      
,congress-- 7#a7 recognizes t ! ,p's    
,republic ( ,*9a 7,,prc7 curr5tly poses 
! greate/ =eign ?reat to ,unit$ ,/ates  
peace1 security1 & /ability2  7#b7      
recognizes t ! ,,prc1 reg>dless ( future
 lead]%ip1 w likely cont9ue to be a     
major rival ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! com+  
decades1 due to ! enorm\s cumulative    

size & scale ( its population1 economy1 
& milit>y capabilities2 &  7#c7 supports
 ! ,trump adm9i/ration's ov]all /rategic
 approa* to ! ,,prc1 gr\nd$ 9 pr9cipl$  
realism & firm-b-measur$ competitive    
engagem5t :5ev] ,unit$ ,/ates national  
int]e/s are at /ake1 t has be5 outl9$ 9 
s\rces includ+ b n limit$ to-- 7,a7 !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,/rategic ,approa* to !   
,p's ,republic ( ,*9a 7,may #bjbj72     
7,b7 ! ,national ,def5se ,/rategy ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 7,octob] #bjah72
  7,c7 ! ,national ,cyb] ,/rategy ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 7,septemb]      
#bjah72 &  7,d7 ! ,national ,security   
,/rategy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica    
7,decemb] #bjag74