,,iii #aaeth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #gjh ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,november #bg1 #bjah ,mr4 ,merkley 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,markey1 ,mr4 ,whitehouse1 ,mr4 ,van ,hollen1 ,mr4 ,udall1 ,mr4 ,blumenthal1 ,mrs4 ,murray1 ,mr4 ,booker1 ,ms4 ,hirono1 ,ms4 ,smith1 ,ms4 ,klobuchar1 ,mr4 ,wyden1 ,ms4 ,baldwin1 ,mr4 ,schatz1 ,mrs4 ,feinstein1 ,mr4 ,cardin1 ,mr4 ,durbin1 ,mrs4 ,shaheen1 ,mr4 ,reed1 ,mrs4 ,gillibrand1 ,ms4 ,cantwell1 ,ms4 ,harris1 ,ms4 ,duckworth1 ,ms4 ,hassan1 and ,mr4 ,bennet7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,environment and ,public ,works ,,resolution ,expressing the need for bold climate action in response to the release of the ,united ,nations report entitled ,global ,warming of #a4e ,c1 an ,,ipcc special report on the impacts of global warming of #a4e ,c above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways1 in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change1 sustainable development1 and efforts to eradicate poverty and the ,fourth ,national ,climate ,assessment report entitled ,volume ,,ii3 ,impacts1 ,risks1 and ,adaptation in the ,united ,states by the ,united ,states ,global ,change ,research ,program4 ,whereas1 on ,october #h1 #bjah1 the ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change released a report entitled ,global ,warming of #a4e ,c1 an ,,ipcc special report on the impacts of global warming of #a4e ,c above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways1 in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change1 sustainable development1 and efforts to eradicate poverty 7referred to in this preamble as the ,,ipcc report7 in response to an invitation from the ,united ,nations ,framework ,convention on ,climate ,change2 ,whereas the ,,ipcc report was written by #ia authors and review editors from #dj countries1 including the ,united ,states1 and was reviewed by thousands of expert and government reviewers from around the world2 ,whereas1 on ,november #bc1 #bjah1 the ,united ,states ,global ,change ,research ,program delivered its congressionally mandated ,fourth ,annual ,climate ,assessment report entitled ,volume ,,ii3 ,impacts1 ,risks1 and ,adaptation in the ,united ,states 7referred to in this preamble as the ,,nca report72 ,whereas the ,,nca report represents the findings of over #cjj ,federal and non-,federal experts and was reviewed by the #ac ,federal agencies that comprise the ,united ,states ,global ,change ,research ,program2 ,whereas the ,,ipcc report found that-- 7#a7 increases in global temperature above pre-industrial levels are overwhelmingly the result of anthropogenic sources of atmospheric carbon and other greenhouse gases2 7#b7 the last #ej-year period in the ,northern ,hemisphere had the warmest average temperature of any #ej-year period in the last #ejj years2 7#c7 ,earth is already experiencing the consequences of #a degree ,celsius warming above pre-industrial levels in the form of extreme weather1 rising sea levels1 longer and more severe droughts1 diminishing ,arctic sea ice1 and diminished glacial and snow cover1 among other impacts2 7#d7 as the global temperature continues to rise1 the impacts of a warming atmosphere increase in severity2 7#e7 the difference between warming of #a4e degrees ,celsius and #b degrees ,celsius is substantial1 and limiting warming to #a4e degrees ,celsius is affordable1 feasible1 and necessary to protect people from the worst impacts of climate change1 including extreme heat1 drought1 floods1 and increased poverty and instability2 7#f7 compared to warming of #a4e degrees ,celsius1 warming at or above #b degrees ,celsius could-- 7,a7 result in a global sea level rise of an additional #aj centimeters and substantially more summers without ,arctic sea ice2 7,b7 worsen impacts to terrestrial1 freshwater1 coastal1 and marine ecosystems2 and 7,c7 increase the risk of species loss and extinctions2 7#g7 warming at or above #b degrees ,celsius could also lead to-- 7,a7 a loss of greater than #ii percent of all coral reefs on ,earth2 and 7,b7 mass migration from regions most affected by atmospheric changes2 7#h7 at a rise in temperature of #a4e degrees ,celsius1 the global population exposed to water stress could be #ej percent lower than if the global temperature rises by #b degrees ,celsius2 7#i7 the number of people exposed to extreme heat waves would rise substantially with an increase in global temperature of #b degrees ,celsius rather than #a4e degrees ,celsius2 7#aj7 at current rates of greenhouse gas emissions1 ,earth will warm by #a4e degrees ,celsius above pre-industrial levels by #bjdj2 and 7#aa7 to avoid the effects of a rise in global temperature of #a4e degrees ,celsius by #bjdj1 net global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by #de percent below #bjaj levels by #bjcj and #ajj percent below #bjaj levels by #bjej2 ,whereas the ,,nca report found that1 in the ,united ,states-- 7#a7 rising sea levels caused by a changing climate already threaten infrastructure and ecosystems2 and 7#b7 warming at or above #b degrees ,celsius will cause-- 7,a7 over #ejj1jjj1jjj1jjj annually in lost economic output from crop failure1 lost labor1 and damages related to extreme weather2 7,b7 crop yields of corn and soybeans to fall an average of #ae percent2 7,c7 wildfires to burn at least twice as much forest area annually2 7,d7 an additional #b1jjj premature deaths annually from higher temperatures in the ,midwest2 and 7,e7 sea levels to continue to rise1 threatening public infrastructure and coastal real estate valued at #a1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj2 ,whereas the ,united ,states is-- 7#a7 a global leader2 7#b7 a member of the global community and is affected by climate impacts such as those outlined in the ,,ipcc report2 and 7#c7 already suffering from the impacts of climate change2 ,whereas it is possible and economically beneficial to transition to a low-carbon emission economy that would not contribute to global climate change and would result in sustainable economic growth2 and ,whereas the ,government of the ,united ,states has failed to enact policies to effectively transition to a low-carbon emission economy or to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with scientific recommendations to reduce global temperature changes3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate-- 7#a7 recognizes and accepts the findings of the ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change in the report of ,october #h1 #bjah1 entitled ,global ,warming of #a4e ,c1 an ,,ipcc special report on the impacts of global warming of #a4e ,c above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways1 in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change1 sustainable development1 and efforts to eradicate poverty2 7#b7 recognizes and accepts the findings of the ,fourth ,national ,climate ,assessment report entitled ,volume ,,ii3 ,impacts1 ,risks1 and ,adaptation in the ,united ,states by the ,united ,states ,global ,change ,research ,program2 and 7#c7 expresses that it is the sense of the ,senate that-- 7,a7 reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with the recommendations of the ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change and the ,united ,states ,global ,change ,research ,program would help avoid the most devastating climate change impacts and would be good for all people of the ,united ,states2 and 7,b7 immediate action by ,congress and the executive branch is needed to help reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by #de percent below #bjaj levels by #bjcj and #ajj percent below #bjaj levels by #bjej4