,,iii  #aaeth ,,congress  #b;d ,session 
,s4 ,,res4 #eic  ,,in ,,the ,,senate    
,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states  ,july #be1
 #bjah ,mr4 ,wyden 7for himself and     
,mrs4 ,fischer7 submitted the following 
resolution2 which was considered and    
agreed to  ,,resolution  ,honoring the  
life and legacy of ,grace ,hopper1      
professor1 inventor1 entrepreneur1      
business leader1 and ,rear ,admiral of  
the ,navy4  ,whereas ,grace ,hopper was 
born on ,december #i1 #aijf1 in ,new    
,york ,city1 ,new ,york2 ,whereas1 in   
#aibh1 ,grace ,hopper graduated with    
honors from ,vassar ,college with       
degrees in physics and mathematics2     
,whereas ,grace ,hopper would go on to  
earn both her masters degree and ,ph4,d4
 from ,yale ,university1 earning her    
,ph4,d4 in #aicd2 ,whereas1 after the   
bombing of ,pearl ,harbor and the entry 
of the ,united ,states into ,world ,war 
,,ii1 ,grace ,hopper felt called to     
serve her nation and enlisted in the    
,navy2 ,whereas ,grace ,hopper was      

assigned to the ,bureau of ,ships       
,computation ,project at ,harvard       
,university1 where she worked on the    
first electromechanical computer in the 
,united ,states1 which was known as the 
,,mark ,i2 ,whereas1 while assigned to  
the ,computation ,project1 ,grace       
,hopper-- 7#a7 served as second in      
command in charge of operations2  7#b7  
wrote the #efa-page user manual for the 
,,mark ,i1 considered the first book    
about modern computers2 and  7#c7 used  
the ,,mark ,i to solve various wartime  
mathematical problems for the ,navy that
 saved thousands of lives1 including the
 implosion problem for the ,manhattan   
,project2  ,whereas1 after ,world ,war  
,,ii1 ,grace ,hopper remained in the    
,navy as a reservist1 continuing to work
 on the ,,mark ,,ii and ,,mark ,,iii    
computers2 ,whereas1 in the #aiejs1     
,grace ,hopper helped pioneer the       
computer industry at the                
,eckert-,mauchly ,computer ,corporation 
and ,remington ,rand1 where she assisted

 in developing the ,universal ,automatic
 ,computer ,i and ,,ii1 the first       
commercial electronic computers2        
,whereas1 while working on the          
,universal ,automatic ,computer ,i and  
,,ii1 ,grace ,hopper invented the first 
compiler1 which is the cornerstone of   
modern automatic programming2 ,whereas1 
in #aiec1 ,grace ,hopper was the first  
person to theorize code as words instead
 of symbols1 which was considered       
impossible by her peers1 and after #c   
years her team was using the first      
written-word programming language2      
,whereas the development of a           
written-word programming language was an
 incredibly important step in the       
development of computer science1 as it  
allowed people who lacked advanced      
engineering and mathematics backgrounds 
to program computers2 ,whereas1 in      
#aiei1 ,grace ,hopper organized leaders 
from government1 the private sector1 and
 academia to create a universal business
 computer programming language called   

common business-oriented language 1 or  
,,cobol2 ,whereas1 in #bjah1 ,,cobol    
supports over #cj1jjj1jjj1jjj           
transactions per day and #ij percent of 
all global financial transactions2      
,whereas throughout her work in the     
private sector1 ,grace ,hopper remained 
a naval reservist until the age of #fj1 
calling her required retirement from the
 ,naval ,reserve the saddest day of my  
life2 ,whereas1 just a few months after 
her retirement from the ,naval ,reserve1
 ,amazing ,grace was called again to the
 ,navy for active service1 where she    
would serve for another #ai years until 
her final military retirement as ,rear  
,admiral of the ,navy at the age of #gi2
 ,whereas ,grace ,hopper has received   
many honors for her groundbreaking ideas
 and contributions over the years1      
including becoming the first inductee to
 the ,computer ,hall of ,fame1 receiving
 the ,u4,s4 ,national ,medal of         
,technology1 the naming of the destroyer
 ,,uss ,hopper in her honor1 and        

receiving the ,presidential ,medal of   
,freedom2 ,whereas1 of all of the       
contributions and service of ,grace     
,hopper1 she considered her work as a   
mentor and teacher the most valuable2   
,whereas ,grace ,hopper once remarked   
that ,if you ask me what accomplishment 
,i'm most proud of1 the answer would be 
all the young people ,i've trained over 
the years2 ,whereas1 today the ,grace   
,hopper ,celebration is the largest     
gathering of women in computing with    
#ah1jjj attendees in #bjag2 ,whereas    
,grace ,hopper passed away ,january #a1 
#aiib1 at the age of #he1 and was       
interred with full military honors in   
,arlington ,national ,cemetery2 and     
,whereas ,grace ,hopper served as a     
trailblazer for other women and men who 
would follow her in the field of        
computer science1 academia1 and the     
,armed ,forces3 ,now1 therefore1 be it  
,that the ,senate honors the pioneering 
ideas and service of ,grace ,hopper1    
professor1 inventor1 entrepreneur1      

business leader1 and ,rear ,admiral of  
the ,navy4