,,iii ,calendar ,no4 #gjj #aaeth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #efb ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,june #bh1 #bjah,mr4 ,merkley 7for himself1 ,mrs4 ,gillibrand1 ,mrs4 ,feinstein1 ,ms4 ,warren1 ,mr4 ,durbin1 ,ms4 ,smith1 ,mr4 ,markey1 ,mr4 ,brown1 ,mr4 ,paul1 ,mr4 ,coons1 and ,mr4 ,cardin7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,november #bi1 #bjah,reported by ,mr4 ,corker1 with an amendment and an amendment to the preamble,strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic,strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic ,,resolution ,expressing the sense of the ,senate that the ,treaty on the ,non-,proliferation of ,nuclear ,weapons 7,,npt7 continues to make an invaluable contribution to ,united ,states and international security1 #ej years after it opened for signature on ,july #a1 #aifh4 ,whereas the ,treaty on the ,non-,proliferation of ,nuclear ,weapons 7,,npt7 opened for signature #ej years ago on ,july #a1 #aifh2 ,whereas the ,united ,states and former ,soviet ,union averted a catastrophic nuclear exchange during the ,october #aifb ,cuban ,missile ,crisis1 which led to a series of bilateral and multilateral agreements to lessen the chance of nuclear war1 including the ,,npt2 ,whereas ,president ,john ,f4 ,kennedy predicted in #aifc that as many as #be countries would acquire nuclear weapons by #aigj absent a treaty to control nuclear weapons2 ,whereas the ,united ,states ,senate provided its advice and consent to the ,,npt on ,march #ac1 #aifi1 with a vote on ratification of #hc to #ae2 ,whereas the ,,npt has grown to include #aia ,state ,parties1 making an irreplaceable contribution to ,united ,states national and international security by preventing the spread of nuclear weapons2 ,whereas ,article ,,iii of the ,,npt obligates each non-nuclear weapon state to the ,,npt to conclude a ,safeguards ,agreement with the ,international ,atomic ,energy ,agency 7,,iaea7 to verify treaty compliance1 #agd of which are ,comprehensive ,safeguards ,agreements crafted to detect the diversion of nuclear materials from peaceful to non-peaceful uses2 ,whereas the #bjah ,department of ,defense ,nuclear ,posture ,review affirms1 ,the ,nuclear ,non-,proliferation ,treaty 7,,npt7 is a cornerstone of the nuclear nonproliferation regime4 ,it plays a positive role in building consensus for non-proliferation and enhances international efforts to impose costs on those that would pursue nuclear weapons outside the ,treaty42 ,whereas the success of the ,,npt has and will continue to depend upon the full implementation by all ,state ,parties of the ,treaty's three mutually reinforcing pillars3 nonproliferation1 access to peaceful uses of nuclear energy1 and disarmament2 ,whereas over the past half century1 the ,united ,states has exhibited leadership in strengthening each of the ,,npt's three pillars for the global good1 including-- 7#a7 reducing its nuclear weapons stockpile of more than #he percent from its ,cold ,war heights of #ca1bbe in parallel with equally massive reductions of ,russia's stockpile through bilateral coordination2 7#b7 cooperating with ,kazakhstan1 ,ukraine1 and ,belarus--to facilitate the surrender of nuclear weapons on their soil after the fall of the ,soviet ,union--leading to each country's accession to the ,,npt as non-nuclear weapons states2 7#c7 providing voluntary contributions to the ,,iaea ,peaceful ,uses ,initiative exceeded more than #cbj1jjj1jjj since #bjaj to help in the treatment of cancer and in other life-saving applications2 and 7#d7 extending deterrence to ,united ,states allies in the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization 7,,nato71 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea--which is an unmistakable demonstration of the ,united ,states commitment to collective security2 ,whereas heightened geopolitical tensions in recent years have made cooperation on nonproliferation and arms control issues with the ,russian ,federation more challenging2 ,whereas a range of actions by the ,government of the ,russian ,federation has led to a deterioration in bilateral relations with the ,united ,states1 including ,russia's brazen interference in the #bjaf ,united ,states presidential elections1 its violation of the ,treaty between the ,united ,states of ,america and the ,union of ,soviet ,socialist ,republics on the ,elimination of ,their ,intermediate-,range and ,shorter-,range ,missiles 7commonly known as the ,,inf ,treaty71 signed at ,washington1 ,,dc1 ,december #h1 #aihg1 and entered into force ,june #a1 #aihh1 its illegal annexation of ,crimea1 its invasion of ,eastern ,ukraine1 and its destabilizing actions in ,syria2 and ,whereas within a difficult environment1 preserving agreements that continue to contribute to ,united ,states and global security1 particularly the ,treaty between the ,united ,states of ,america and the ,russian ,federation on ,measures for the ,further ,reduction and ,limitation of ,strategic ,offensive ,arms1 signed ,april #h1 #bjaj1 and entered into force ,february #e1 #bjaa 7commonly known as the ,new ,,start ,treaty71 is all the more essential1 and that to that end1 the ,department of ,state confirmed in ,february #bjah that ,russia had met ,new ,,start's ,central ,treaty ,limits and stated that implementation of the ,new ,,start ,treaty enhances the safety and security of the ,united ,states3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,whereas the ,treaty on the ,non-,proliferation of ,nuclear ,weapons 7,,npt7 opened for signature #ej years ago on ,july #a1 #aifh2 ,whereas the ,united ,states and the former ,soviet ,union averted a catastrophic nuclear exchange during the ,october #aifb ,cuban ,missile ,crisis1 which led to a series of bilateral and multilateral agreements to lessen the chance of nuclear war1 including the ,,npt2 ,whereas ,president ,john ,f4 ,kennedy predicted in #aifc that as many as #be countries would acquire nuclear weapons by #aigj absent a treaty to control nuclear weapons2 ,whereas the ,united ,states ,senate provided its advice and consent to the ,,npt on ,march #ac1 #aifi1 with a vote on ratification of #hc to #ae2 ,whereas the ,,npt entered into force on ,march #e1 #aigj2 ,whereas the ,,npt has grown to include #aia ,states ,party to the ,treaty1 making an irreplaceable contribution to international security by helping to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons2 ,whereas ,article ,,iii of the ,,npt obligates all non-nuclear weapon ,states ,party to the ,,npt to conclude a ,safeguards ,agreement with the ,international ,atomic ,energy ,agency 7,,iaea7 to verify treaty compliance1 #agd of which are ,comprehensive ,safeguards ,agreements crafted to detect the diversion of nuclear materials from peaceful to non-peaceful uses2 ,whereas nuclear weapon ,states ,party to the ,,npt have also concluded voluntary offer ,safeguards ,agreements and ,additional ,protocols with the ,,iaea2 ,whereas the #bjah ,department of ,defense ,nuclear ,posture ,review affirms1 ,the ,nuclear ,non-,proliferation ,treaty 7,,npt7 is a cornerstone of the nuclear nonproliferation regime4 ,it plays a positive role in building consensus for non-proliferation and enhances international efforts to impose costs on those that would pursue nuclear weapons outside the ,treaty42 ,whereas the success of the ,,npt has and will continue to depend upon the full implementation by all ,states ,party to the ,treaty of the ,,npt's obligations and responsibilities1 which are derived from three mutually reinforcing pillars3 nonproliferation1 access to peaceful uses of nuclear energy1 and disarmament2 ,whereas over the past half century1 the ,united ,states has exhibited leadership in strengthening each of the ,,npt's three pillars for the global good1 including-- 7#a7 reducing its nuclear weapons stockpile by more than #he percent from its ,cold ,war heights of #ca1bbe in parallel with equally massive reductions of ,russia's stockpile through bilateral coordination2 7#b7 cooperating with ,kazakhstan1 ,ukraine1 and ,belarus--to facilitate the surrender of nuclear weapons on their soil after the fall of the ,soviet ,union--leading to each country's accession to the ,,npt as a non-nuclear weapons state2 7#c7 providing voluntary contributions to the ,,iaea to promote peaceful nuclear activities exceeding #cgd1jjj1jjj since #bjaj1 including activities that help in the treatment of cancer and other life-saving applications2 and 7#d7 extending deterrence to ,united ,states allies in the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization 7,,nato71 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea--which is an unmistakable demonstration of the ,united ,states commitment to collective security2 ,whereas heightened geopolitical tensions in recent years have made cooperation on nonproliferation and arms control issues with the ,russian ,federation more challenging2 ,whereas a range of actions by the ,government of the ,russian ,federation has led to a deterioration in bilateral relations with the ,united ,states1 including ,russia's brazen interference in the #bjaf ,united ,states presidential elections1 its violation of the ,treaty between the ,united ,states of ,america and the ,union of ,soviet ,socialist ,republics on the ,elimination of ,their ,intermediate-,range and ,shorter-,range ,missiles 7commonly known as the ,,inf ,treaty71 signed at ,washington1 ,d4,c41 ,december #h1 #aihg1 and entered into force ,june #a1 #aihh1 its use of a chemical nerve agent in an assassination attempt against ,sergei ,skripal and his daughter ,yulia in the ,united ,kingdom in ,march #bjah1 its illegal annexation of ,crimea1 its invasion of ,eastern ,ukraine1 its destabilizing actions in ,syria1 and its use of polonium to assassinate ,alexander ,litvinenko in the ,united ,kingdom in ,november #bjjf2 ,whereas the actions undertaken by the ,russian ,federation in violation of the ,,inf ,treaty1 including the flight-test1 production1 and possession of prohibited systems diminishes the contributions that the ,treaty has made to security on the ,european continent2 ,whereas ,russian ,president ,vladimir ,putin1 in a ,march #bjah speech1 unveiled details of new kinds of strategic nuclear weapons under development1 including hypersonic nuclear cruise missiles1 nuclear-powered ballistic missiles1 and multi-megaton nuclear torpedoes shot from drone submarines that may be accountable under the ,treaty between the ,united ,states of ,america and the ,russian ,federation on ,measures for the ,further ,reduction and ,limitation of ,strategic ,offensive ,arms1 signed ,april #h1 #bjaj1 and entered into force ,february #e1 #bjaa 7commonly known as the ,new ,,start ,treaty72 ,whereas the ,russian ,federation erroneously claimed that the ,united ,states may have not reached ,new ,,start ,treaty ,central ,limits by ,february #e1 #bjah1 as is mandated by the ,treaty2 ,whereas the ,bilateral ,consultative ,commission 7,,bcc7 is the appropriate forum for the ,parties to engage constructively on any ,new ,,start ,treaty implementation issues that arise2 and ,whereas1 within a difficult environment1 preserving full compliance with agreements that may continue to contribute to the national security of the ,united ,states and to global security1 particularly the ,new ,,start ,treaty1 is all the more essential1 and to that end1 the ,department of ,state confirmed in ,february #bjah that ,russia had met ,new ,,start's ,central ,treaty ,limits and stated that implementation of the ,new ,,start ,treaty enhances the safety and security of the ,united ,states3 ,now1 therefore be it ,that it is the sense of the ,senate that-- 7#a7 any ,united ,states negotiated agreement with the ,democratic ,people's ,republic of ,korea 7,,dprk7 on denuclearization must require it to return to the ,,npt as a ,party in good standing2 7#b7 the ,united ,states must maintain support for the ,,iaea through its assessed and voluntary contributions and promote the universal adoption of the ,,iaea ,additional ,protocol2 7#c7 the ,united ,states and its allies should pursue diplomatic efforts to ensure that the ,islamic ,republic of ,iran remains in compliance with the ,,npt1 as the #bjaf and #bjag ,reports on ,adherence to and ,compliance with ,arms ,control1 ,nonproliferation1 and ,disarmament ,agreements and ,commitments both affirmed2 7#d7 the ,united ,states should enter into negotiations on the extension of the ,new ,,start ,treaty until #bjbf1 which would make any current or future ,russian strategic systems of a range greater than #e1ejj kilometers accountable under the ,treaty2 7#e7 the ,united ,states should work to resolve ,russia's violation of the ,,inf ,treaty2 7#f7 all countries who have yet to ratify the ,comprehensive ,nuclear-,test-,ban ,treaty1 done at ,new ,york ,september #aj1 #aiif1 including the ,united ,states1 should venture to create the conditions that allow for entry-into-force of the ,treaty1 and should observe a moratorium on nuclear testing until that time2 and 7#g7 the ,united ,states ,government should continue to encourage opportunities for cooperation with other nuclear possessing states to reduce the salience1 number1 and role of nuclear weapons in global military strategies4 ,that it is the sense of the ,senate that-- 7#a7 the ,united ,states should continue to encourage all ,states ,party to the ,,npt to comply fully with the ,treaty2 7#b7 any ,united ,states negotiated agreement with the ,democratic ,people's ,republic of ,korea 7,,dprk7 on denuclearization should require the ,,dprk to return to as a ,state ,party to the ,,npt in good standing and full compliance with the ,treaty2 7#c7 the ,united ,states should maintain support for the ,,iaea through its assessed and voluntary contributions and promote the universal adoption of the ,,iaea ,additional ,protocol2 7#d7 the ,united ,states and its allies should pursue diplomatic efforts to ensure that the ,islamic ,republic of ,iran complies with the ,,npt and fully implements the ,,iaea ,additional ,protocol2 7#e7 the ,united ,states should-- 7,a7 consider whether to extend the ,new ,,start ,treaty1 within the context of meaningful arms control that decreases the chances of misperception and miscalculation1 avoids destabilizing arms competition1 and is verifiable and consistent with the security objectives of the ,united ,states and its allies and partners2 7,b7 assess whether ,russia's recently announced nuclear weapons should be accountable under the ,new ,,start ,treaty and raise the issue directly with the ,russian ,federation2 7,c7 press the ,russian ,federation to engage constructively on compliance matters related to the ,new ,,start ,treaty1 and also to take steps that provide greater transparency into ,russia's non-strategic nuclear weapons1 which are not captured under any treaty and which are numerically superior to those held by the ,united ,states and its allies2 7,d7 begin negotiations with the ,russian ,federation on an agreement to address the massive disparity between the non-strategic nuclear weapons stockpiles of the ,russian ,federation and of the ,united ,states and to secure and reduce non-strategic nuclear weapons in a verifiable manner2 7,e7 begin an interagency process to discuss whether to extend the ,new ,,start ,treaty and the possibility of further engagement with the ,russian ,federation on strategic stability and other arms control and nonproliferation issues2 and 7,f7 consider the consequences of the ,new ,,start ,treaty's expiration in #bjba also in relation to the insights the ,treaty provides into the location1 movement1 and disposition of current and future ,russian strategic systems2 7#f7 the ,united ,states strongly condemns the ,russian ,federation's violations of the ,,inf ,treaty and its non-compliance with its other arms control commitments and treaty obligations1 and urges ,russia to come back into full compliance2 and 7#g7 the ,united ,states ,government should continue to encourage opportunities for cooperation with other states possessing nuclear arms to reduce the salience1 number1 and role of nuclear weapons in their national military strategies4 ,november #bi1 #bjah,reported with an amendment and an amendment to the preamble