,,iii  #aae? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 ,,res4 #ece  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #f1 #bjah ,mr4  
,durb9 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,ka9e1 ,mr4     
,c>d91 ,mr4 ,van ,holl51 ,mrs4 ,fe9/e91 
,mr4 ,br[n1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1 & ,mr4 ,m>key7
 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0    
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,relations  ,,resolution  ,reaffirm+ !  
,unit$ ,/ates commitm5t to ! ,nor?      
,atlantic ,treaty ,organization4  ,:]eas
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,canada1 ,belgium1    
,d5m>k1 ,france1 ,icel&1 ,italy1        
,luxemburg1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,norway1        
,portugal1 & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 #aidi    
sign$ ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty1 :i* l$ 
to ! f\ndation ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic      
,treaty ,organization 7,,nato72 ,:]eas  
,,nato 0 creat$ to det] ,soviet         
expansionism1 promote int]national      
peace1 /ability1 & security1 & prev5t ! 
reem]g5ce ( nationali/ milit>ism 9      
,europe ?r\gh a /rong ,nor? ,am]ican    
pres5ce & a clos] trans-,atlantic       
alliance2 ,:]eas1 s9ce ! =mation (      

,,nato1 ! alliance has exp&$ to #bi     
memb]s1 ) o!rs /ill aspir+ to jo92      
,:]eas ,,nato is a vital compon5t ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates-l$ po/-,_w ,w> ,,ii       
int]national ord] t has made ! _w saf] &
 m prosp]\s2 ,:]eas ! aid & security    
umbrella ! ,unit$ ,/ates provid$ ?r\gh  
,,nato aft] ,_w ,w> ,,ii help$ re/ore   
political /ability & enabl$ an economic 
resurg5ce 9 ,we/]n ,europe2 ,:]eas1 dur+
 ! ,cold ,w>1 ,,nato help$ unify !      
,we/]n alliance & successfully det]     
,soviet ?reats2 ,:]eas ,,nato conduct$  
its fir/ major crisis response op]ation 
9 ,bosnia & ,h]zegov9a1 result+ 9 !     
,dayton ,peace ,accords & facilitat+ !  
c\ntry's recon/ruction 9 ! wake ( !     
#aiib-aiie w>2 ,:]eas ,,nato contribut$ 
to ! cessation ( ! #aiih-aiii ,kosovo   
conflict ?r\gh security1 /abilization1 &
 humanit>ian ef=ts2 ,:]eas ,,nato has   
s]v$ z an ess5tial elem5t ( ,unit$      
,/ates national security & a det]r5t    
aga9/ ext]nal ?reats = #fi ye>s2 ,:]eas 
,article #e ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty 

is an integral "p ( ,,nato & /ates t the
 ,p>ties agree t an arm$ attack aga9/ "o
 or m ( !m 9 ,europe or ,nor? ,am]ica   
%all be consid]$ an attack aga9/ !m all2
 ,:]eas ! fir/ & only "t to date ,,nato 
invok$ ,article #e 0 less ?an #bd h\rs  
aft] ! t]rori/ attacks aga9/ ! ,unit$   
,/ates on ,septemb] #aa1 #bjja2 ,:]eas  
,,nato allies & p>tn]s1 includ+ ,,nato  
aspirant c\ntries ,bosnia & ,h]zegov9a1 
,georgia1 ,mac$onia1 & ,ukra9e1 jo9$ 9  
assur+ ! security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! 
int]national community by s]v+ alongside
 ,unit$ ,/ates =ces 9 ,afghani/an s9ce  
#bjja2 ,:]eas m ?an #a1ajj ,,nato ally &
 p>tn] milit>y p]sonnel 9 ,afghani/an h 
lo/ _! lives1 & ?\s&s h be5 injur$ 9    
s]vice to ! collective def5se gu>antee (
 ,,nato2 ,:]eas multiple ,,nato memb]s  
p>ticipat$ 9 ! coalition aga9/ ,,isis by
 provid+ ei!r milit>y or humanit>ian    
assi/ance2 ,:]eas1 9 ! face ( a burgeon+
 vacuum 9 global lead]%ip1 ,russia is   
aggressively te/+ ,we/]n democracies1   
includ+ ?r\gh ongo+ malici\s cyb] w>    

capabilities2 ,:]eas ,russia cont9ues to
 *all5ge ,,nato1 includ+ by-- 7#a7      
deploy+ cruise missiles1 violat+ !      
,int]m$iate-,range ,nucle> ,=ces treaty2
  7#b7 execut+ a suspect$ poison\s gas  
attack aga9/ ,s]gei ,skripal & 8 daught]
 ,yulia )9 ! bord]s ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2  
7#c7 occupy+ ) milit>y =ces ! sov]eign  
t]ritory ( ! ,european nations (        
,ukra9e1 ,georgia1 & ,moldova2  7#d7    
wag+ cyb]attacks aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates &
 ,europe1 especially ! ,baltics1 9 an   
ef=t to und]m9e democracy & defraud     
national elections2  7#e7 conduct+ !    
l>ge/ it]ation ev] ( ! ,zapad1 an annual
 milit>y ex]cise1 9 ,bel>us ) an e/imat$
 #fj1jjj to #gj1jjj troops 9 an         
excessive %[ ( milit>y =ce close to     
,,nato bord]s & 9 violation ( ! #bjaa   
,vi5na ,docum5t2  7#f7 =c+ ,latvia1 a   
,,nato memb]1 to close d[n its comm]cial
 airspace due to ongo+ ,russian milit>y 
drills 9 ! ,baltic ,sea2  7#g7 fly+ two 
,russian bomb]s )9 #cj miles ( ,unit$   
,k+dom airspace2 &  7#h7 fly+ ,russian  

aircraft m ?an #aaj times above or ne> !
 ,baltic ,sea 9 a m>k$ increase s9ce its
 annexation ( ,crimea1 includ+ fly+ a   
,russian jet )9 five feet ( a ,unit$    
,/ates reconnaissance plane fly+ 9      
int]national airspace2  ,:]eas !        
,gov]nm5t ( ,russia has cont9u\sly      
propp$ up ,presid5t ( ,syria ,ba%>      
al-,assad & support$ atrocities 9       
,syria1 includ+ ! use ( viol5ce &       
illegal *emical weapons aga9/ civilians1
 result+ 9 ! dea?s ( m ?an #djj1jjj     
,syrians & ! displacem5t ( #aj1jjj1jjj  
o!rs dur+ ,syria's sev5-ye> civil w>2   
,:]eas ! displacem5t ( millions (       
,syrians has contribut$ to ! wor/       
migrant & refugee crisis s9ce ,_w ,w>   
,,ii1 ) _m ,syrian refugees und]tak+    
p]il\s j\rneys to escape w> & resettle 9
 t]ritories ( ,,nato allies2 ,:]eas1    
dur+ ! presid5cy ( ,b>ack ,obama1 ,,nato
 deploy$ great] res\rces & p]sonnel to  
its ea/]n memb]s 9 response to & to det]
 fur!r ,russian aggression2 ,:]eas      
,presid5t ,donald ,j4 ,trump has caus$  

disquiet+ fissures 9 ! trans-,atlantic  
alliance1 und]m9+ fai? 9 in/itutions &  
policies t comprise ! po/-,_w ,w> ,,ii  
int]national ord]2 ,:]eas ,presid5t     
,trump's wav]+ & inconsi/5t /atem5ts    
ab\t ,,nato h result$ 9 alliance memb]s 
que/ion+ ! commitm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
to ! alliance r ?an focus+ on !         
multitude ( ?reats ,,nato faces on bo?  
sides ( ! ,atlantic2 ,:]eas1 dur+ !     
campaign = ! ,unit$ ,/ates presid5cy1   
!n-c&idate ,trump repeat$ly ref]r$ to ! 
,,nato alliance z obsolete2 ,:]eas      
c&idate ,trump on ,july #bj1 #bjaf1 also
 said if ,russia attack$ ,baltic ,,nato 
memb]s1 he w\ld only (f] support--a key 
t5et ( ! ,,nato *>t]--aft] review+ if ^?
 nations _h fulfill$ _! obligations to  
u2 ,:]eas1 ! next day1 ,john ,bolton    
said ( ! j>r+ comm5t1 ,i hope t ,donald 
,trump retracts x42 ,:]eas ,presid5t    
,trump subv]t$ alli$ int]e/s & fl\t$    
intellig5ce norms by report$ly reveal+  
highly classifi$ in=mation to ,russian  
,=eign ,m9i/] ,s]gei ,lavrov &          

,ambassador ,s]gey ,kislyak on ,may #aj1
 #bjag1 9 ! ,oval ,(fice ( ! ,:ite      
,h\se2 ,:]eas1 dur+ ! #bjag ,,nato      
summit1 ,presid5t ,trump al>m$ allies by
 fail+ to commit publicly to honor+     
,article #e if a ,unit$ ,/ates ally is  
attack$2 ,:]eas ,presid5t ,trump's      
misguid$ )drawal f ! ,p>is ,climate     
,agreem5t puts ! ,unit$ ,/ates at odds )
 e o!r c\ntry on e>? & ignores ! climate
 *ange-relat$ national security risks   
highlight$ 9 a #bjag ,,nato report2     
,:]eas ,presid5t ,trump impos$ unilat]al
 import t>iffs on ,european /eel &      
alum9um1 fur!r /ra9+ trans-,atlantic    
trade relations :ile possibly plac+ !   
,unit$ ,/ates 9 violation ( ,_w ,trade  
,organization rules2 ,:]eas ,presid5t   
,trump has act$ anti!tically to ! ,,nato
 alliance by seem+ly ignor+ & dismiss+  
malign ,russian actions aga9/ ! ,unit$  
,/ates & its allies2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,france1       
,russia1 ,*9a1 ,g]many1 & ,iran f9aliz$ 
! ,jo9t ,compreh5sive ,plan ( ,action   

7,,jcpoa7 on ,july #ad1 #bjae1 to end   
,iran's nucle> weapons program2 ,:]eas  
,*airman ( ! ,jo9t ,*iefs ( ,/aff       
,joseph ,dun=d /at$ on ,septemb] #bf1   
#bjag1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates intellig5ce    
community assessm5t 0 t ,iran 0 9       
compliance ) ! agreem5t2 ,:]eas         
,secret>y ( ,def5se ,james ,mattis /at$1
 "u oa? be=e ,congress on ,octob] #c1   
#bjag1 t ! ,,jcpoa is 9 ,am]ica's       
national security int]e/ & ! ,unit$     
,/ates %\ld consid] rema9+ p>ty to !    
agreem5t2 ,:]eas ! head ( ,unit$ ,/ates 
,c5tral ,comm&1 ,joseph ,votel1 /at$ on 
,m>* #ac1 #bjah1 t ! ,,jcpoa addresses  
"o ( ! pr9cipal ?reats we face f ,iran &
 x is 9 ,am]ica's be/ int]e/ to rema9 a 
p>ty to ! agreem5t2 ,:]eas ! !n-,c5tral 
,intellig5ce ,ag5cy ,director &         
,secret>y ( ,/ate nom9ee ,mike ,pompeo  
/at$ on ,april #ab1 #bjah1 t !re 0 no   
evid5ce ( ,iranian noncompliance ) !    
agreem5t2 ,:]eas1 despite ^! /atem5ts1  
ov]:elm+ evid5ce1 & ! appeals f sev]al  
,,nato allies1 ,presid5t ,trump re9/at$ 

sanctions on ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,iran &      
unilat]ally )drew ! ,unit$ ,/ates f !   
,,jcpoa on ,may #h1 #bjah2 ,:]eas !     
ill-advis$ )drawal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f !
 ,,jcpoa & ensu+ ?reats ( relat$        
sanctions aga9/ its ,,nato allies       
imm$iately s[$ fur!r discord 9 !        
trans-,atlantic relation%ip & creat$ an 
exploitable crack 9 ! armor ( ! greate/ 
milit>y alliance 9 ! _w by erod+ ! tru/ 
( ,,nato memb] c\ntries 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates2 ,:]eas ! lead]s ( ,france1      
,g]many1 & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom issu$ a jo9t 
/atem5t on ,may #h1 #bjah1 express+     
regret ab\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates decision1   
fur!r damag+ ! alliance & plung+ !      
global ord] into crisis2 ,:]eas         
,european ,c\ncil ,presid5t ,donald     
,tusk on ,may #af1 #bjah1 rebuk$        
,presid5t ,trump = det]iorat+ relations 
betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,european      
allies1 /at+ ! ,european ,union is no   
long] "u any illusions t ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 is a tru/wor?y fri5d2 ,:]eas ho/ile    
nations w seek to exploit ! /ra9$       

relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its
 ,,nato allies1 specifically bol/]+     
,russia's multifacet$ /rategy ( fray+ ! 
relation%ips betwe5 ,,nato allies = its 
own b5efit2 & ,:]eas alliance lead]s w  
come toge!r ,july #aa-ab1 #bjah1 9      
,brussels = a summit to fur!r /r5g!n    
trans-,atlantic unity & del9eate        
/rategies to respond to evolv+ ,russian 
?reats3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t ! ,s5ate-- 
7#a7 reaffirms ! long-/&+ & /eadfa/     
commitm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,,nato 
alliance1 includ+ ,article ,v ( ! ,nor? 
,atlantic ,treaty2  7#b7 recognizes t   
,,nato cont9ues to meet em]g+ &         
contempor>y ?reats to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 
its allies1 & s]ves z a critical det]r5t
 to ,russia's de/abiliz+ activities1    
includ+ ?r\gh innovation su* z !        
creation ( a ,cyb] ,op]ations ,c5t] &   
collective action su* z ! ,enhanc$ ,=w>d
 ,pres5ce mission2  7#c7 enc\rages !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to accept !     
recomm5dation ( our ,,nato allies to    
combat jo9tly ,russian cyb] w>f>e2  7#d7

 honors ! m5 & wom5 :o h s]v$ "u ,,nato 
& promot$ peace1 security1 &            
int]national coop]ation s9ce #aidi2     
7#e7 enc\rages ,congress to promote !   
,,nato alliance & trans-,atlantic ties  
:5ev] possible2  7#f7 urges ,presid5t   
,trump to unequivocally & def9itively   
reaffirm ! ,unit$ ,/ates commitm5t to ! 
trans-,atlantic alliance & to c\nt]     
,russian aggression1 especially at !    
,july ,,nato summit 9 ,brussels2 &  7#g7
 reaffirms ! critical importance &      
security mission ( ,,nato to ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 its allies1 & ! trans-,atlantic 
p>tn]%ip4