,,iii  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #h  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate   
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,m>* #b1 #bjag 
,mr4 ,c>d9 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,leahy1     
,mrs4 ,mc,caskill1 ,ms4 ,w>r51 ,mr4     
,c>p]1 ,mrs4 ,fe9/e91 ,mrs4 ,murray1    
,mr4 ,wyd51 ,mr4 ,durb91 ,mr4 ,re$1 ,ms4
 ,/ab5[1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ,mr4 ,casey1 ,ms4  
,klobu*>1 ,mr4 ,:iteh\se1 ,mr4 ,udall1  
,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,mr4 ,b5net1 ,mrs4        
,gillibr&1 ,mr4 ,frank51 ,mr4 ,coons1   
,mr4 ,blum5?al1 ,ms4 ,baldw91 ,mr4      
,murphy1 ,ms4 ,hirono1 ,mr4 ,he9ri*1    
,mr4 ,m>key1 ,mr4 ,book]1 ,mr4 ,pet]s1  
,mr4 ,van ,holl51 ,ms4 ,h>ris1 ,ms4     
,cortez ,ma/o1 & ,ms4 ,duckwor?7        
submitt$ ! foll[+ concurr5t resolution2 
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,homel& 
,security & ,gov]nm5tal ,affairs        
,,concurr5t ,,resolution  ,cl>ify+ any  
pot5tial misund]/&+ z to :e!r actions   
tak5 by ,presid5t ,donald ,j4 ,trump    
con/itute a violation ( ! ,emolum5ts    
,clause1 & call+ on ,presid5t ,trump to 
dive/ 8 int]e/ 91 & sev] 8 relation%ip  

to1 ! ,trump ,organization4  ,:]eas     
article ,i1 section #i1 clause #h ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution 7commonly    
kn[n z ! ,emolum5ts ,clause7 decl>es1   
,no title ( ,nobility %all be grant$ by 
! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,& no ,p]son hold+ any 
,(fice ( ,pr(it or ,tru/ "u !m1 %all1   
)\t ! ,cons5t ( ! ,congress1 accept (   
any pres5t1 ,emolum5t1 ,(fice1 or       
,title1 ( any k9d :atev]1 f any ,k+1    
,pr9ce1 or =eign ,/ate42 ,:]eas1 accord+
 to ! rem>ks ( ,gov]nor ,edmund ,r&olph 
at ! #aghg ,con/itutional ,conv5tion1 ! 
,emolum5ts ,clause 0 ?\ght prop]1 9 ord]
 to exclude corruption & =eign influ5ce1
 to prohibit any "o 9 (fice f receiv+ or
 hold+ any emolum5ts f =eign /ates2     
,:]eas ! issue ( =eign corruption       
greatly conc]n$ ! ,f\nd+ ,fa!rs ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 su* t ,alex&] ,hamilton 9
 ,f$]ali/ ,no4 #bb wrote1 ,9 republics1 
p]sons elevat$ f ! mass ( ! community1  
by ! suffrages ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 to   
/ations ( great pre-em95ce & p[]1 may   
f9d comp5sations = betray+ _! tru/1 :i*1

 to any b m9ds animat$ & guid$ by       
sup]ior virtue1 may appe> to exce$ !    
proportion ( int]e/ !y h 9 ! common     
/ock1 & to ov]balance ! obligations (   
duty4 ,h5ce x is t hi/ory furni%es u ) s
 _m mortify+ examples ( ! preval5cy (   
=eign corruption 9 republican           
gov]nm5ts42 ,:]eas ! ,presid5t ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates is ! head ( ! executive   
bran* ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & is expect$ 
to h undivid$ loyalty to ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 & cle>ly occupies an (fice (    
pr(it or tru/ )9 ! mean+ ( article ,i1  
section #i1 clause #h ( ! ,con/itution1 
accord+ to ! ,(fice ( ,legal ,c\nsel ( !
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice2 ,:]eas ! ,(fice ( 
,legal ,c\nsel ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice  
op9$ 9 #bjji t corporations own$ or     
controll$ by a =eign gov]nm5t are       
presumptively =eign /ates "u !          
,emolum5ts ,clause2 ,:]eas ,presid5t    
,donald ,j4 ,trump has a bus9ess        
network1 ! ,trump ,organization1 t has  
f9ancial int]e/s ar\nd ! _w & negotiates
 & concludes transactions ) =eign /ates 

& entities t are ext5sions ( =eign      
/ates2 ,:]eas ! v nature ( a bl9d tru/1 
z def9$ by =m] ,:ite ,h\se ,e?ics       
,c\nsels ,ri*>d ,pa9t] & ,norm ,eis5 9  
an op9ion piece 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,po/       
entitl$1 ,trump's bl9d tru/ is nei!r    
bl9d nor tru/wor?y1 dat$ ,novemb] #ae1  
#bjaf1 & ! ,congressional ,rese>*       
,s]vice report ,! ,use ( ,bl9d ,tru/s   
,by ,f$]al ,(ficials1 is su* t ! (ficial
 w h no control ov]1 w receive no       
communications ab\t1 & w h no k ( !     
id5tity ( ! specific assets held 9 !    
tru/1 & t ! manag] ( ! tru/ is indep5d5t
 ( ! own]2 ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #aa1      
#bjag1 ,presid5t-elect ,donald ,j4      
,trump & 8 lawy]s held a press conf]5ce 
to ann\nce t he w\ld be plac+ 8 assets 9
 a tru/ & turn+ ov] managem5t ( ! ,trump
 ,organization to 8 two adult sons1     
,donald ,trump1 ,jr41 & ,eric ,trump1 & 
executive ,all5 ,weisselb]g2 t !re w be 
no communication ) ,presid5t ,trump & no
 new ov]seas bus9ess deals2 t an e?ics  
advisor w be appo9t$ to ! managem5t team

 to fully vet any new propos$ dome/ic   
deals2 & t ! ,trump ,organization w     
donate any pr(its f any =eign gov]nm5ts 
t use ,trump hotels to ! ,dep>tm5t ( !  
,treasury2 ,:]eas ?is arrangem5t is n   
suffici5t because ( its utt] lack (     
indep5d5t acc\ntability & transp>5cy1   
su* t ! director ( ! ,(fice ( ,gov]nm5t 
,e?ics has /at$ t the plan ! ,presid5t  
has ann\nc$ doesn't meet ! /&>ds t ! be/
 ( 8 nom9ees are meet+ & t e presid5t 9 
! la/ f\r decades h met2 ,:]eas !       
director ( ! ,(fice ( ,gov]nm5t ,e?ics  
has *>act]iz$ ! promise to limit        
,presid5t ,trump's direct communication 
ab\t ! ,trump ,organization z :olly     
inadequate because ,presid5t ,trump w\ld
 /ill be well-aw>e ( ! specific assets  
held & c\ld receive communications ab\t 
& take actions to affect ! value ( ^?   
assets1 especially :5 ^? runn+ ! bus9ess
 are 8 own *ildr51 :om ,trump w see (t52
 ,:]eas ! promise t no new ov]seas      
bus9ess deals w be agre$ to by ! ,trump 
,organization fails to expla9 :at       

con/itutes a deal1 & :e!r expansions to 
exi/+ prop]ties1 lic5s+ or p]mitt+ fee  
agreem5ts1 or loans f =eign banks l     
,deuts*e ,bank ,,ag w\ld qualify z      
deals2 ,:]eas ! promise t ! ,trump      
,organization w donate pr(its f any     
=eign gov]nm5ts t use ,trump hotels does
 n include ,trump golf c\rses & o!r     
prop]ties2 does n expla9 :e!r ! promise 
cov]s =eign gov]nm5t (ficials :o regi/] 
"u _! own names or ?ird-p>ty v5dors hir$
 by =eign gov]nm5ts to d bus9ess ) !    
,trump ,organization2 does n expla9 :e!r
 =eign organizations sign+ t5ant        
agreem5ts ) dome/ic ,trump bus9esses1   
su* z ! ,indu/rial & ,comm]cial ,bank ( 
,*9a1 :i* is ,trump ,t[]'s bigge/ t5ant1
 qualifies2 does n def9e :at con/itutes 
pr(its2 does n address ! fact t rev5ue  
receiv$ by a fail+ bus9ess /ill provides
 value to t bus9ess ev5 if !re is no net
 pr(it2 & has no me*anism = ! public to 
v]ify t ! promise is be+ fulfill$2      
,:]eas ,presid5t ,trump's lawy] claim$ t
 x w\ld be impossible to f9d an         

in/itutional tru/ee t w\ld be compet5t  
to run ! ,trump ,organization :5 !re are
 doz5s if n hundr$s ( highly qualifi$   
tru/ees :o h&le complicat$ bus9ess      
situations l ! disposition ( ! ,trump   
,organization2 ,:]eas1 at ! ,janu>y #aa1
 #bjag1 press conf]5ce1 ,presid5t-elect 
,trump's lawy] impli$ t ! only reason p 
h rais$ ! ,emolum5ts ,clause is ov]     
r\t9e bus9ess transactions l pay+ =     
hotel rooms & claim$ t pay+ = a hotel   
room is n a gift or a pres5t1 & x has   
no?+ to d ) an (fice4 ,x's n an         
emolum5t42 ,:]eas a compreh5sive /udy ( 
! ,emolum5ts ,clause writt5 by ,ri*>d   
,pa9t]1 ,norman ,eis51 & ,lawr5ce       
,tribe1 two ( :om are =m] e?ics c\nsels 
to pa/ ,presid5ts1 has conclud$ t s9ce  
emolum5ts are prop]ly def9$ z includ+   
pr(it f any employm5t1 z well z sal>y1 x
 is cle> t ev5 remun]ation fairly e>n$ 9
 comm]ce c qualify2 ,:]eas num]\s legal 
& con/itutional exp]ts1 includ+ sev]al  
=m] ,:ite ,h\se e?ics c\nsels1 h also   
made cle> t ! arrangem5t ann\nc$ on     

,janu>y #aa1 #bjag1 9 :i* ! ,presid5t   
fails to exit ! own]%ip ( 8 bus9esses   
?r\gh use ( a bl9d tru/ or equival5t1 w 
leave ! ,presid5t ) a p]sonal f9ancial  
int]e/ 9 bus9esses t collect =eign      
gov]nm5t paym5ts & b5efits1 :i* raises  
bo? con/itutional & public int]e/       
conc]ns2 ,:]eas ,presid5ts ,ronald      
,reagan1 ,george ,h4,w4 ,bu%1 ,william  
,j4 ,cl9ton1 & ,george ,w4 ,bu% h set ! 
prec$5t ( us+ true bl9d tru/s1 9 :i* _! 
hold+s 7 liquidat$ & plac$ 9 new        
inve/m5ts unkn[n to !m by an indep5d5t  
tru/ee :o manag$ !m free ( familial     
bias2 ,:]eas ! cont9u$ int]m+l+ ( !     
bus9ess ( ! ,trump ,organization & ! "w 
( gov]nm5t has ! pot5tial to con/itute !
 =eign corruption s fe>$ by ! ,f\nd+    
,fa!rs & to betray ! tru/ ( ,am]ica's   
citiz5s2 ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #bj1 #bjag1 
,presid5t ,trump swore an oa? to        
pres]ve1 protect1 & def5d ! ,con/itution
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! rights1 privileges
 & limitations ( :i* are def9$ & gu>d$  
by ! ,f$]al judici>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 

& ,:]eas ,congress has an in/itutional1 
con/itutional obligation to ensure t !  
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates does n      
violate ! ,emolum5ts ,clause ( !        
,con/itution1 ,f$]al law1 or fundam5tal 
pr9ciples ( e?ics1 & is dis*>g+ !       
obligations ( (fice bas$ on ! national  
int]e/1 n bas$ on p]sonal int]e/3 ,n[1  
!re=e1 be x  ,t ,congress-- 7#a7 f9ds ! 
promis$ actions outl9$ by ,presid5t     
,donald ,j4 ,trump at 8 ,janu>y #aa1    
#bjag1 press conf]5ce :olly inadequate &
 insuffici5t to ensure compliance ) !   
,emolum5ts ,clause ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,con/itution2  7#b7 calls ^u ,presid5t  
,trump to foll[ ! prec$5t e/abli%$ by   
prior ,presid5ts & conv]t 8 assets to   
simple1 conflict-free hold+s1 adopt bl9d
 tru/s manag$ by an indep5d5t tru/ee )  
no relation%ip to ,donald ,j4 ,trump or 
8 bus9esses1 or take o!r equival5t      
measures2  7#c7 calls ^u ,presid5t      
,trump n to use ! p[]s or opportunities 
( 8 position z ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates = any purpose relat$ to ! ,trump 

,organization2 &  7#d7 reg>ds1 9 !      
abs5ce ( express affirmative            
au?orization by ,congress1 deal+s t     
,donald ,j4 ,trump1 z ,presid5t ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 may h ?r\gh 8 companies )
 =eign gov]nm5ts or entities own$ or    
controll$ by =eign gov]nm5ts z pot5tial 
violations ( ! ,emolum5ts ,clause4