,,ii #aaeth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #ddb ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,february #ag 7legislative day1 ,february #af71 #bjag,mr4 ,cruz 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,nelson1 ,mr4 ,rubio1 ,mr4 ,peters1 ,mr4 ,thune1 ,mr4 ,udall1 ,mrs4 ,murray1 and ,mr4 ,cornyn7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice1 considered1 read the third time1 and passed ,a ,,bill ,to authorize the programs of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents of this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4 ,sec4 #b4 ,definitions4 ,,title ,i--,authorization of appropriations ,sec4 #aja4 ,fiscal year #bjag4 ,,title ,,ii--,sustaining national space commitments ,sec4 #bja4 ,sense of ,congress on sustaining national space commitments4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,findings4 ,,title ,,iii--,maximizing utilization of the ,,iss and low-,earth orbit ,sec4 #cja4 ,operation of the ,,iss4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,transportation to ,,iss4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,,iss transition plan4 ,sec4 #cjd4 ,space communications4 ,sec4 #cje4 ,indemnification2 ,,nasa launch services and reentry services4 ,,title ,,iv--,advancing human deep space exploration ,subtitle ,a--,human space flight and exploration goals and objectives ,sec4 #daa4 ,human space flight and exploration long-term goals4 ,sec4 #dab4 ,key objectives4 ,sec4 #dac4 ,vision for space exploration4 ,sec4 #dad4 ,stepping stone approach to exploration4 ,sec4 #dae4 ,update of exploration plan and programs4 ,sec4 #daf4 ,repeals4 ,sec4 #dag4 ,assured access to space4 ,subtitle ,b--,assuring core capabilities for exploration ,sec4 #dba4 ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 and ,exploration ,ground ,systems4 ,subtitle ,c--,journey to ,mars ,sec4 #dca4 ,findings on human space exploration4 ,sec4 #dcb4 ,human exploration roadmap4 ,sec4 #dcc4 ,advanced space suit capability4 ,sec4 #dcd4 ,asteroid robotic redirect mission4 ,sec4 #dce4 ,mars #bjcc report4 ,subtitle ,d--,,treat ,astronauts ,act ,sec4 #dda4 ,short title4 ,sec4 #ddb4 ,findings2 sense of ,congress4 ,sec4 #ddc4 ,medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight4 ,,title ,v--,advancing space science ,sec4 #eja4 ,maintaining a balanced space science portfolio4 ,sec4 #ejb4 ,planetary science4 ,sec4 #ejc4 ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope4 ,sec4 #ejd4 ,wide-,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope4 ,sec4 #eje4 ,mars #bjbj rover4 ,sec4 #ejf4 ,europa4 ,sec4 #ejg4 ,congressional declaration of policy and purpose4 ,sec4 #ejh4 ,extrasolar planet exploration strategy4 ,sec4 #eji4 ,astrobiology strategy4 ,sec4 #eaj4 ,astrobiology public-private partnerships4 ,sec4 #eaa4 ,near-earth objects4 ,sec4 #eab4 ,near-,earth objects public-private partnerships4 ,sec4 #eac4 ,assessment of science mission extensions4 ,sec4 #ead4 ,stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy4 ,sec4 #eae4 ,radioisotope power systems4 ,sec4 #eaf4 ,assessment of ,mars architecture4 ,sec4 #eag4 ,collaboration4 ,,title ,,vi--,aeronautics ,sec4 #fja4 ,sense of ,congress on aeronautics4 ,sec4 #fjb4 ,transformative aeronautics research4 ,sec4 #fjc4 ,hypersonic research4 ,sec4 #fjd4 ,supersonic research4 ,sec4 #fje4 ,rotorcraft research4 ,,title ,,vii--,space technology ,sec4 #gja4 ,space technology infusion4 ,sec4 #gjb4 ,space technology program4 ,,title ,,viii--,maximizing efficiency ,subtitle ,a--,agency information technology and cybersecurity ,sec4 #haa4 ,information technology governance4 ,sec4 #hab4 ,information technology strategic plan4 ,sec4 #hac4 ,cybersecurity4 ,sec4 #had4 ,security management of foreign national access4 ,sec4 #hae4 ,cybersecurity of web applications4 ,subtitle ,b--,collaboration among mission directorates and other matters ,sec4 #hba4 ,collaboration among mission directorates4 ,sec4 #hbb4 ,,nasa launch capabilities collaboration4 ,sec4 #hbc4 ,detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts4 ,sec4 #hbd4 ,education and outreach4 ,sec4 #hbe4 ,leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities across mission directorates4 ,sec4 #hbf4 ,flight opportunities4 ,sec4 #hbg4 ,sense of ,congress on small class launch missions4 ,sec4 #hbh4 ,baseline and cost controls4 ,sec4 #hbi4 ,commercial technology transfer program4 ,sec4 #hcj4 ,avoiding organizational conflicts of interest in major administration acquisition programs4 ,sec4 #hca4 ,protection of ,apollo landing sites4 ,sec4 #hcb4 ,,nasa lease of non-excess property4 ,sec4 #hcc4 ,termination liability4 ,sec4 #hcd4 ,independent reviews4 ,sec4 #hce4 ,,nasa ,advisory ,council4 ,sec4 #hcf4 ,cost estimation4 ,sec4 #hcg4 ,facilities and infrastructure4 ,sec4 #hch4 ,human space flight accident investigations4 ,sec4 #hci4 ,orbital debris4 ,sec4 #hdj4 ,review of orbital debris removal concepts4 ,sec4 #hda4 ,space ,act ,agreements4 #b4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,administration ,the term ,administration means the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7#b7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7#c7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#d7 ,cis-lunar space ,the term cis-lunar space means the region of space from the ,earth out to and including the region around the surface of the ,moon4 7#e7 ,deep space ,the term deep space means the region of space beyond low-,earth orbit1 to include cis-lunar space4 7#f7 ,government astronaut ,the term government astronaut has the meaning given the term in section #ejijb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#g7 ,,iss ,the term ,,iss means the ,international ,space ,station4 7#h7 ,,iss management entity ,the term ,,iss management entity means the organization with which the ,administrator has a cooperative agreement under section #ejd7;a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahced7;a774 7#i7 ,,nasa ,the term ,,nasa means the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7#aj7 ,orion ,the term ,orion means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section #cjc of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbc74 7#aa7 ,space ,launch ,system ,the term ,space ,launch ,system has the meaning given the term in section #c of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcjb74 7#ab7 ,united ,states government astronaut ,the term ,united ,states government astronaut has the meaning given the term government astronaut in section #ejijb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 except it does not include an individual who is an international partner astronaut4 ,i ,authorization of appropriations #aja4 ,fiscal year #bjag ,there are authorized to be appropriated to ,,nasa for fiscal year #bjag1 #ai1ejh1jjj1jjj1 as follows3 7#a7 ,for ,exploration1 #d1ccj1jjj1jjj4 7#b7 ,for ,space ,operations1 #e1jbc1jjj1jjj4 7#c7 ,for ,science1 #e1ejj1jjj1jjj4 7#d7 ,for ,aeronautics1 #fdj1jjj1jjj4 7#e7 ,for ,space ,technology1 #fhf1jjj1jjj4 7#f7 ,for ,education1 #aae1jjj1jjj4 7#g7 ,for ,safety1 ,security1 and ,mission ,services1 #b1ghh1fjj1jjj4 7#h7 ,for ,construction and ,environmental ,compliance and ,restoration1 #chh1jjj1jjj4 7#i7 ,for ,inspector ,general1 #cg1djj1jjj4 ,,ii ,sustaining national space commitments #bja4 ,sense of ,congress on sustaining national space commitments ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 honoring current national space commitments and building upon investments in space across successive ,administrations demonstrates clear continuity of purpose by the ,united ,states1 in collaboration with its international1 academic1 and industry partners1 to extend humanity's reach into deep space1 including cis-lunar space1 the ,moon1 the surface and moons of ,mars1 and beyond2 7#b7 ,,nasa leaders can best leverage investments in the ,united ,states space program by continuing to develop a balanced portfolio for space exploration and space science1 including continued development of the ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 ,commercial ,crew ,program1 space and planetary science missions such as the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope1 ,wide-,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope1 and ,europa mission1 and ongoing operations of the ,,iss and ,commercial ,resupply ,services ,program2 7#c7 a national1 government-led space program that builds on current science and exploration programs1 advances human knowledge and capabilities1 and opens the frontier beyond ,earth for ourselves1 commercial enterprise1 and science1 and with our international partners1 is of critical importance to our national destiny and to a future guided by ,united ,states values and freedoms2 7#d7 continuity of purpose and effective execution of core ,,nasa programs are essential for efficient use of resources in pursuit of timely and tangible accomplishments2 7#e7 ,,nasa could improve its efficiency and effectiveness by working with industry to streamline existing programs and requirements1 procurement practices1 institutional footprint1 and bureaucracy while preserving effective program oversight1 accountability1 and safety2 7#f7 it is imperative that the ,united ,states maintain and enhance its leadership in space exploration and space science1 and continue to expand freedom and economic opportunities in space for all ,americans that are consistent with the ,constitution of the ,united ,states2 and 7#g7 ,,nasa should be a multi-mission space agency1 and should have a balanced and robust set of core missions in space science1 space technology1 aeronautics1 human space flight and exploration1 and education4 #bjb4 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,returns on the ,nation's investments in science1 technology1 and exploration accrue over decades-long timeframes1 and a disruption of such investments could prevent returns from being fully realized4 7#b7 ,past challenges to the continuity of such investments1 particularly threats regarding the cancellation of authorized programs with bipartisan and bicameral support1 have disrupted completion of major space systems thereby-- 7,a7 impeding planning and pursuit of national objectives in space science and human space exploration2 7,b7 placing such investments in space science and space exploration at risk2 and 7,c7 degrading the aerospace industrial base4 7#c7 ,the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-aee2 #aai ,stat4 #bhie71 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjjh 7,public ,law #aaj-dbb2 #abb ,stat4 #dggi71 and ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcja et seq47 reflect a broad1 bipartisan agreement on the path forward for ,,nasa's core missions in science1 space technology1 aeronautics1 human space flight and exploration1 and education1 that serves as the foundation for the policy updates by this ,act4 7#d7 ,sufficient investment and maximum utilization of the ,,iss and ,,iss ,national ,laboratory with our international and industry partners is-- 7,a7 consistent with the goals and objectives of the ,united ,states space program2 and 7,b7 imperative to continuing ,united ,states global leadership in human space exploration1 science1 research1 technology development1 and education opportunities that contribute to development of the next generation of ,american scientists1 engineers1 and leaders1 and to creating the opportunity for economic development of low-,earth orbit4 7#e7 ,,nasa has made measurable progress in the development and testing of the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion exploration systems with the near-term objectives of the initial integrated test flight and launch in #bjah1 a human mission in #bjba1 and continued missions with an annual cadence in cis-lunar space and eventually to the surface of ,mars4 7#f7 ,the ,commercial ,crew ,program has made measurable progress toward reestablishing the capability to launch ,united ,states government astronauts from ,united ,states soil into low-,earth orbit by the end of #bjah4 7#g7 ,the ,aerospace ,safety ,advisory ,panel1 in its #bjae ,annual ,report1 urged continuity of purpose noting concerns over the potential for cost overruns and schedule slips that could accompany significant changes to core ,,nasa programs4 ,,iii ,maximizing utilization of the ,,iss and low-,earth orbit #cja4 ,operation of the ,,iss 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 after #ae years of continuous human presence in low-,earth orbit1 the ,,iss continues to overcome challenges and operate safely2 7#b7 the ,,iss is a unique testbed for future space exploration systems development1 including long-duration space travel2 7#c7 the expansion of partnerships1 scientific research1 and commercial applications of the ,,iss is essential to ensuring the greatest return on investments made by the ,united ,states and its international space partners in the development1 assembly1 and operations of that unique facility2 7#d7 utilization of the ,,iss will sustain ,united ,states leadership and progress in human space exploration by-- 7,a7 facilitating the commercialization and economic development of low-,earth orbit2 7,b7 serving as a testbed for technologies and a platform for scientific research and development2 and 7,c7 serving as an orbital facility enabling research upon-- 7i7 the health1 well-being1 and performance of humans in space2 and 7ii7 the development of in-space systems enabling human space exploration beyond low-,earth orbit2 and 7#e7 the ,,iss provides a platform for fundamental1 microgravity1 discovery-based space life and physical sciences research that is critical for enabling space exploration1 protecting humans in space1 increasing pathways for commercial space development that depend on advances in basic research1 and contributes to advancing science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics research4 7b7 ,objectives ,the primary objectives of the ,,iss program shall be-- 7#a7 to achieve the long term goal and objectives under section #bjb of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcab72 and 7#b7 to pursue a research program that advances knowledge and provides other benefits to the ,nation4 7c7 ,continuation of the ,,iss ,section #eja of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcea7 is amended to read as follows3 #eja4 ,continuation of the ,international ,space ,station 7a7 ,policy of the ,united ,states ,it shall be the policy of the ,united ,states1 in consultation with its international partners in the ,,iss program1 to support full and complete utilization of the ,,iss through at least #bjbd4 7b7 ,,nasa action ,in furtherance of the policy set forth in subsection 7a71 ,,nasa shall-- 7#a7 pursue international1 commercial1 and intragovernmental means to maximize ,,iss logistics supply1 maintenance1 and operational capabilities1 reduce risks to ,,iss systems sustainability1 and offset and minimize ,united ,states operations costs relating to the ,,iss2 7#b7 utilize1 to the extent practicable1 the ,,iss for the development of capabilities and technologies needed for the future of human space exploration beyond low-,earth orbit2 and 7#c7 utilize1 if practical and cost effective1 the ,,iss for ,science ,mission ,directorate missions in low-,earth orbit4 4 #cjb4 ,transportation to ,,iss 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds that reliance on foreign carriers for ,united ,states crew transfer is unacceptable1 and the ,nation's human space flight program must acquire the capability to launch ,united ,states government astronauts on vehicles using ,united ,states rockets from ,united ,states soil as soon as is safe1 reliable1 and affordable to do so4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress on ,commercial ,crew ,program and ,commercial ,resupply ,services ,program ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 once developed and certified to meet the ,administration's safety and reliability requirements1 ,united ,states commercially provided crew transportation systems can serve as the primary means of transporting ,united ,states government astronauts and international partner astronauts to and from the ,,iss and serving as ,,iss crew rescue vehicles2 7#b7 previous budgetary assumptions used by the ,administration in its planning for the ,commercial ,crew ,program assumed significantly higher funding levels than were authorized and appropriated by ,congress2 7#c7 credibility in the ,administration's budgetary estimates for the ,commercial ,crew ,program can be enhanced by an independently developed cost estimate2 7#d7 such credibility in budgetary estimates is an important factor in understanding program risk2 7#e7 ,united ,states access to low-,earth orbit is paramount to the continued success of the ,,iss and ,,iss ,national ,laboratory2 7#f7 a stable and successful ,commercial ,resupply ,services ,program and ,commercial ,crew ,program are critical to ensuring timely provisioning of the ,,iss and to reestablishing the capability to launch ,united ,states government astronauts from ,united ,states soil into orbit1 ending reliance upon ,russian transport of ,united ,states government astronauts to the ,,iss which has not been possible since the retirement of the ,space ,shuttle program in #bjaa2 7#g7 ,,nasa should build upon the success of the ,commercial ,orbital ,transportation ,services ,program and ,commercial ,resupply ,services ,program that have allowed private sector companies to partner with ,,nasa to deliver cargo and scientific experiments to the ,,iss since #bjab2 7#h7 the #bast ,century ,launch ,complex ,program has enabled significant modernization and infrastructure improvements at launch sites across the ,united ,states to support ,,nasa's ,commercial ,resupply ,services ,program and other civil and commercial space flight missions2 and 7#i7 the #bast ,century ,launch ,complex ,program should be continued in a manner that leverages ,state and private investments to achieve the goals of that program4 7c7 ,reaffirmation ,congress reaffirms-- 7#a7 its commitment to the use of a commercially developed1 private sector launch and delivery system to the ,,iss for crew missions as expressed in the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-aee2 #aai ,stat4 #bhie71 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjjh 7,public ,law #aaj-dbb2 #abb ,stat4 #dggi71 and the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcja et seq472 and 7#b7 the requirement under section #ejaaa7;b77#a77;,a7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 that the ,administration shall make use of ,united ,states commercially provided ,,iss crew transfer and crew rescue services to the maximum extent practicable4 7d7 ,use of non-,united ,states human space flight transportation capabilities ,section #bja7;a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcaa7;a77 is amended to read as follows3 7a7 ,use of non-,united ,states human space flight transportation services 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,federal ,government may not acquire human space flight transportation services from a foreign entity unless-- 7,a7 no ,united ,states ,government-operated human space flight capability is available2 7,b7 no ,united ,states commercial provider is available2 and 7,c7 it is a qualified foreign entity4 7#b7 ,definitions ,in this subsection3 7,a7 ,commercial provider ,the term commercial provider means any person providing human space flight transportation services1 primary control of which is held by persons other than the ,federal ,government1 a ,state or local government1 or a foreign government4 7,b7 ,qualified foreign entity ,the term qualified foreign entity means a foreign entity that is in compliance with all applicable safety standards and is not prohibited from providing space transportation services under other law4 7,c7 ,united ,states commercial provider ,the term ,united ,states commercial provider means a commercial provider1 organized under the laws of the ,united ,states or of a ,state1 that is more than #ej percent owned by ,united ,states nationals4 7#c7 ,arrangements with foreign entities ,nothing in this subsection shall prevent the ,administrator from negotiating or entering into human space flight transportation arrangements with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and continued ,,iss operations4 4 7e7 ,commercial ,crew ,program 7#a7 ,objective ,the objective of the ,commercial ,crew ,program shall be to assist in the development and certification of commercially provided transportation that-- 7,a7 can carry ,united ,states government astronauts safely1 reliably1 and affordably to and from the ,,iss2 7,b7 can serve as a crew rescue vehicle2 and 7,c7 can accomplish subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b7 as soon as practicable4 7#b7 ,primary consideration ,the objective described in paragraph 7#a7 shall be the primary consideration in the acquisition strategy for the ,commercial ,crew ,program4 7#c7 ,safety 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall protect the safety of government astronauts by ensuring that each commercially provided transportation system under this subsection meets all applicable human rating requirements in accordance with section #djc7;b77#a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcdb7;b77#a774 7,b7 ,lessons learned ,consistent with the findings and recommendations of the ,columbia ,accident ,investigation ,board1 the ,administration shall ensure that safety and the minimization of the probability of loss of crew are the critical priorities of the ,commercial ,crew ,program4 7#d7 ,cost minimization ,the ,administrator shall strive through the competitive selection process to minimize the life cycle cost to the ,administration through the planned period of commercially provided crew transportation services4 7f7 ,commercial cargo program ,section #dja of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcda7 is amended by striking ,commercial ,orbital ,transportation ,services and inserting ,commercial ,resupply ,services4 7g7 ,competition ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states that1 to foster the competitive development1 operation1 improvement1 and commercial availability of space transportation services1 and to minimize the life cycle cost to the ,administration1 the ,administrator shall procure services for ,federal ,government access to and return from the ,,iss1 whenever practicable1 via fair and open competition for well-defined1 milestone-based1 ,federal ,acquisition ,regulation-based contracts under section #bja7;a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcaa7;a774 7h7 ,transparency 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that cost transparency and schedule transparency aid in effective program management and risk assessment4 7#b7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall1 to the greatest extent practicable and in a manner that does not add costs or schedule delays to the program1 ensure all ,commercial ,crew ,program and ,commercial ,resupply ,services ,program providers provide evidence-based support for their costs and schedules4 7i7 ,,iss cargo resupply services lessons learned ,not later than #abj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report that-- 7#a7 identifies the lessons learned to date from previous and existing ,commercial ,resupply ,services contracts2 7#b7 indicates whether changes are needed to the manner in which the ,administration procures and manages similar services prior to the issuance of future ,commercial ,resupply ,services procurement opportunities2 and 7#c7 identifies any lessons learned from the ,commercial ,resupply ,services contracts that should be applied to the procurement and management of commercially provided crew transfer services to and from the ,,iss or to other future procurements4 #cjc4 ,,iss transition plan 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 ,,nasa has been both the primary supplier and consumer of human space flight capabilities and services of the ,,iss and in low-,earth orbit2 and 7#b7 according to the ,national ,research ,council report 8,pathways to ,exploration3 ,rationales and ,approaches for a ,u4,s4 ,program of ,human ,space ,exploration0 extending ,,iss beyond #bjbj to #bjbd or #bjbh will have significant negative impacts on the schedule of crewed missions to ,mars1 without significant increases in funding4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 an orderly transition for ,united ,states human space flight activities in low-,earth orbit from the current regime1 that relies heavily on ,,nasa sponsorship1 to a regime where ,,nasa is one of many customers of a low-,earth orbit commercial human space flight enterprise may be necessary2 and 7#b7 decisions about the long-term future of the ,,iss impact the ability to conduct future deep space exploration activities1 and that such decisions regarding the ,,iss should be considered in the context of the human exploration roadmap under section #dcb of this ,act4 7c7 ,reports ,section #ejaaa of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,,iss transition plan 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in coordination with the ,,iss management entity 7as defined in section #b of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag71 ,,iss partners1 the scientific user community1 and the commercial space sector1 shall develop a plan to transition in a step-wise approach from the current regime that relies heavily on ,,nasa sponsorship to a regime where ,,nasa could be one of many customers of a low-,earth orbit non-governmental human space flight enterprise4 7#b7 ,reports ,not later than ,december #a1 #bjag1 and biennially thereafter until #bjbc1 the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that includes-- 7,a7 a description of the progress in achieving the ,administration's deep space human exploration objectives on ,,iss and prospects for accomplishing future mission requirements1 space exploration objectives1 and other research objectives on future commercially supplied low-,earth orbit platforms or migration of those objectives to cis-lunar space2 7,b7 the steps ,,nasa is taking and will take1 including demonstrations that could be conducted on the ,,iss1 to stimulate and facilitate commercial demand and supply of products and services in low-,earth orbit2 7,c7 an identification of barriers preventing the commercialization of low-,earth orbit1 including issues relating to policy1 regulations1 commercial intellectual property1 data1 and confidentiality1 that could inhibit the use of the ,,iss as a commercial incubator2 7,d7 the criteria for defining the ,,iss as a research success2 7,e7 the criteria used to determine whether the ,,iss is meeting the objective under section #cja7;b77#b7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag2 7,f7 an assessment of whether the criteria under subparagraphs 7,d7 and 7,e7 are consistent with the research areas defined in1 and recommendations and schedules under1 the current ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine ,decadal ,survey on ,biological and ,physical ,sciences in ,space2 7,g7 any necessary contributions that ,,iss extension would make to enabling execution of the human exploration roadmap under section #dcb of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag2 7,h7 the cost estimates for operating the ,,iss to achieve the criteria required under subparagraphs 7,d7 and 7,e7 and the contributions identified under subparagraph 7,g72 7,i7 the cost estimates for extending operations of the ,,iss to #bjbd1 #bjbh1 and #bjcj2 7,j7 an evaluation of the feasible and preferred service life of the ,,iss beyond the period described in section #ejc of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcec71 through at least #bjbh1 as a unique scientific1 commercial1 and space exploration-related facility1 including-- 7i7 a general discussion of international partner capabilities and prospects for extending the partnership2 7ii7 the cost associated with extending the service life2 7iii7 an assessment on the technical limiting factors of the service life of the ,,iss1 including a list of critical components and their expected service life and availability2 and 7iv7 such other information as may be necessary to fully describe the justification for and feasibility of extending the service life of the ,,iss1 including the potential scientific or technological benefits to the ,federal ,government1 public1 or to academic or commercial entities2 7,k7 an identification of the necessary actions and an estimate of the costs to deorbit the ,,iss once it has reached the end of its service life2 7,l7 the impact on deep space exploration capabilities1 including a crewed mission to ,mars in the #bjcjs1 if the preferred service life of the ,,iss is extended beyond #bjbd and ,,nasa maintains a flat budget profile2 and 7,m7 an evaluation of the functions1 roles1 and responsibilities for management and operation of the ,,iss and a determination of-- 7i7 those functions1 roles1 and responsibilities the ,federal ,government should retain during the lifecycle of the ,,iss2 7ii7 those functions1 roles1 and responsibilities that could be transferred to the commercial space sector2 7iii7 the metrics that would indicate the commercial space sector's readiness and ability to assume the functions1 roles1 and responsibilities described in clause 7ii72 and 7iv7 any necessary changes to any agreements or other documents and the law to enable the activities described in subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b74 7#c7 ,demonstrations ,if additional ,government crew1 power1 and transportation resources are available after meeting the ,administration's requirements for ,,iss activities defined in the human exploration roadmap and related research1 demonstrations identified under paragraph 7#b7 may-- 7,a7 test the capabilities needed to meet future mission requirements1 space exploration objectives1 and other research objectives described in paragraph 7#b77;,a72 and 7,b7 demonstrate or test capabilities1 including commercial modules or deep space habitats1 ,environmental ,control and ,life ,support ,systems1 orbital satellite assembly1 exploration space suits1 a node that enables a wide variety of activity1 including multiple commercial modules and airlocks1 additional docking or berthing ports for commercial crew and cargo1 opportunities for the commercial space sector to cost share for transportation and other services on the ,,iss1 other commercial activities1 or services obtained through alternate acquisition approaches4 4 #cjd4 ,space communications 7a7 ,plan ,the ,administrator shall develop a plan1 in consultation with relevant ,federal agencies1 to meet the ,administration's projected space communication and navigation needs for low-,earth orbit and deep space operations in the #bj-year period following the date of enactment of this ,act4 7b7 ,contents ,the plan shall include-- 7#a7 the lifecycle cost estimates and a #e-year funding profile2 7#b7 the performance capabilities required to meet the ,administration's projected space communication and navigation needs2 7#c7 the measures the ,administration will take to sustain the existing space communications and navigation architecture2 7#d7 an identification of the projected space communications and navigation network and infrastructure needs2 7#e7 a description of the necessary upgrades to meet the needs identified in paragraph 7#d71 including-- 7,a7 an estimate of the cost of the upgrades2 7,b7 a schedule for implementing the upgrades2 and 7,c7 an assessment of whether and how any related missions will be impacted if resources are not secured at the level needed2 7#f7 the cost estimates for the maintenance of existing space communications network capabilities necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph 7#d72 7#g7 the criteria for prioritizing resources for the upgrades described in paragraph 7#e7 and the maintenance described in paragraph 7#f72 7#h7 an estimate of any reimbursement amounts the ,administration may receive from other ,federal agencies2 7#i7 an identification of the projected ,tracking and ,data ,relay ,satellite ,system needs in the #bj-year period following the date of enactment of this ,act1 including in support of relevant ,federal agencies1 and cost and schedule estimates to maintain and upgrade the ,tracking and ,data ,relay ,satellite ,system to meet the projected needs2 7#aj7 the measures the ,administration is taking to meet space communications needs after all ,tracking and ,data ,relay ,satellite ,system third-generation communications satellites are operational2 and 7#aa7 the measures the ,administration is taking to mitigate threats to electromagnetic spectrum use4 7c7 ,schedule ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit the plan to the appropriate committees of ,congress4 #cje4 ,indemnification2 ,,nasa launch services and reentry services 7a7 ,in general ,subchapter ,,iii of chapter #bja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #bjadh4 ,indemnification2 ,,nasa launch services and reentry services 7a7 ,in general ,under such regulations in conformity with this section as the ,administrator shall prescribe taking into account the availability1 cost1 and terms of liability insurance1 any contract between the ,administration and a provider may provide that the ,united ,states will indemnify the provider against successful claims 7including reasonable expenses of litigation or settlement7 by third parties for death1 bodily injury1 or loss of or damage to property resulting from launch services and reentry services carried out under the contract that the contract defines as unusually hazardous or nuclear in nature1 but only to the extent the total amount of successful claims related to the activities under the contract-- 7#a7 is more than the amount of insurance or demonstration of financial responsibility described in subsection 7c77#c72 and 7#b7 is not more than the amount specified in section #ejiae7;a77#a77;,b74 7b7 ,terms of indemnification ,a contract made under subsection 7a7 that provides indemnification shall provide for-- 7#a7 notice to the ,united ,states of any claim or suit against the provider for death1 bodily injury1 or loss of or damage to property2 and 7#b7 control of or assistance in the defense by the ,united ,states1 at its election1 of that claim or suit and approval of any settlement4 7c7 ,liability insurance of the provider 7#a7 ,in general ,the provider under subsection 7a7 shall obtain liability insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility in amounts to compensate for the maximum probable loss from claims by-- 7,a7 a third party for death1 bodily injury1 or property damage or loss resulting from a launch service or reentry service carried out under the contract2 and 7,b7 the ,united ,states ,government for damage or loss to ,government property resulting from a launch service or reentry service carried out under the contract4 7#b7 ,maximum probable losses 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall determine the maximum probable losses under subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b7 of paragraph 7#a7 not later than #ij days after the date that the provider requests such a determination and submits all information the ,administrator requires4 7,b7 ,revisions ,the ,administrator may revise a determination under subparagraph 7,a7 of this paragraph if the ,administrator determines the revision is warranted based on new information4 7#c7 ,amount of insurance ,for the total claims related to one launch or reentry1 a provider shall not be required to obtain insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility of more than-- 7,a7 7i7 #ejj1jjj1jjj under paragraph 7#a77;,a72 or 7ii7 #ajj1jjj1jjj under paragraph 7#a77;,b72 or 7,b7 the maximum liability insurance available on the world market at reasonable cost4 7#d7 ,coverage ,an insurance policy or demonstration of financial responsibility under this subsection shall protect the following1 to the extent of their potential liability for involvement in launch services or reentry services3 7,a7 ,the ,government4 7,b7 ,personnel of the ,government4 7,c7 ,related entities of the ,government4 7,d7 ,related entities of the provider4 7,e7 ,government astronauts4 7d7 ,no indemnification without cross-waiver ,notwithstanding subsection 7a71 the ,administrator may not indemnify a provider under this section unless there is a cross-waiver between the ,administration and the provider as described in subsection 7e74 7e7 ,cross-,waivers 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 on behalf of the ,united ,states and its departments1 agencies1 and instrumentalities1 shall reciprocally waive claims with a provider under which each party to the waiver agrees to be responsible1 and agrees to ensure that its related entities are responsible1 for damage or loss to its property1 or for losses resulting from any injury or death sustained by its employees or agents1 as a result of activities arising out of the performance of the contract4 7#b7 ,limitation ,the waiver made by the ,government under paragraph 7#a7 shall apply only to the extent that the claims are more than the amount of insurance or demonstration of financial responsibility required under subsection 7c77#a77;,b74 7f7 ,willful misconduct ,indemnification under subsection 7a7 may exclude claims resulting from the willful misconduct of the provider or its related entities4 7g7 ,certification of just and reasonable amount ,no payment may be made under subsection 7a7 unless the ,administrator or the ,administrator's designee certifies that the amount is just and reasonable4 7h7 ,payments 7#a7 ,in general ,upon the approval by the ,administrator1 payments under subsection 7a7 may be made from funds appropriated for such payments4 7#b7 ,limitation ,the ,administrator shall not approve payments under paragraph 7#a71 except to the extent provided in an appropriation law or to the extent additional legislative authority is enacted providing for such payments4 7#c7 ,additional appropriations ,if the ,administrator requests additional appropriations to make payments under this subsection1 then the request for those appropriations shall be made in accordance with the procedures established under section #ejiae4 7i7 ,rules of construction 7#a7 ,in general ,the authority to indemnify under this section shall not create any rights in third persons that would not otherwise exist by law4 7#b7 ,other authority ,nothing in this section may be construed as prohibiting the ,administrator from indemnifying a provider or any other ,,nasa contractor under other law1 including under ,public ,law #he-hjd 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #adca et seq474 7#c7 ,anti-,deficiency ,act ,notwithstanding any other provision of this section-- 7,a7 all obligations under this section are subject to the availability of funds2 and 7,b7 nothing in this section may be construed to require obligation or payment of funds in violation of sections #acda1 #acdb1 #acdi through #acea1 and #aeaa through #aeai of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly referred to as the ,anti-,deficiency ,act74 7j7 ,relationship to other laws ,the ,administrator may not provide indemnification under this section for an activity that requires a license or permit under chapter #eji4 7k7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,government astronaut ,the term government astronaut has the meaning given the term in section #ejijb4 7#b7 ,launch services ,the term launch services has the meaning given the term in section #ejijb4 7#c7 ,provider ,the term provider means a person that provides domestic launch services or domestic reentry services to the ,government4 7#d7 ,reentry services ,the term reentry services has the meaning given the term in section #ejijb4 7#e7 ,related entity ,the term related entity means a contractor or subcontractor4 7#f7 ,third party ,the term third party means a person except-- 7,a7 the ,united ,states ,government2 7,b7 related entities of the ,government involved in launch services or reentry services2 7,c7 a provider2 7,d7 related entities of the provider involved in launch services or reentry services2 or 7,e7 a government astronaut4 4 7b7 ,conforming amendment ,the table of contents for subchapter ,,iii of chapter #bja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #bjadg the following3 #bjadh4 ,indemnification2 ,,nasa launch services and reentry services4 4 ,,iv ,advancing human deep space exploration ,a ,human space flight and exploration goals and objectives #daa4 ,human space flight and exploration long-term goals ,section #bjb7;a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcab7;a77 is amended to read as follows3 7a7 ,long-term goals ,the long-term goals of the human space flight and exploration efforts of ,,nasa shall be-- 7#a7 to expand permanent human presence beyond low-,earth orbit and to do so1 where practical1 in a manner involving international1 academic1 and industry partners2 7#b7 crewed missions and progress toward achieving the goal in paragraph 7#a7 to enable the potential for subsequent human exploration and the extension of human presence throughout the solar system2 and 7#c7 to enable a capability to extend human presence1 including potential human habitation on another celestial body and a thriving space economy in the #bast ,century4 4 #dab4 ,key objectives ,section #bjb7;b7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcab7;b77 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking 2 and and inserting a semicolon2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following3 7#e7 to achieve human exploration of ,mars and beyond through the prioritization of those technologies and capabilities best suited for such a mission in accordance with the stepping stone approach to exploration under section #gjejd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 4 #dac4 ,vision for space exploration ,section #bjcjb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a71 by inserting in cis-lunar space or after sustained human presence2 7#b7 by amending subsection 7b7 to read as follows3 7b7 ,future exploration of ,mars ,the ,administrator shall manage human space flight programs1 including the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion1 to enable humans to explore ,mars and other destinations by defining a series of sustainable steps and conducting mission planning1 research1 and technology development on a timetable that is technically and fiscally possible1 consistent with section #gjejd4 2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,orion ,the term ,orion means the multipurpose crew vehicle described under section #cjc of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbc74 7#b7 ,space ,launch ,system ,the term ,space ,launch ,system means has the meaning given the term in section #c of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcjb74 4 #dad4 ,stepping stone approach to exploration ,section #gjejd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended to read as follows3 #gjejd4 ,stepping stone approach to exploration 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administration-- 7#a7 may conduct missions to intermediate destinations in sustainable steps in accordance with section #bjcjb7;b7 of this title1 and on a timetable determined by the availability of funding1 in order to achieve the objective of human exploration of ,mars specified in section #bjb7;b77#e7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcab7;b77#e772 and 7#b7 shall incorporate any such missions into the human exploration roadmap under section #dcb of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag4 7b7 ,cost-effectiveness ,in order to maximize the cost-effectiveness of the long-term space exploration and utilization activities of the ,united ,states1 the ,administrator shall take all necessary steps1 including engaging international1 academic1 and industry partners1 to ensure that activities in the ,administration's human space exploration program balance how those activities might also help meet the requirements of future exploration and utilization activities leading to human habitation on the surface of ,mars4 7c7 ,completion ,within budgetary considerations1 once an exploration-related project enters its development phase1 the ,administrator shall seek1 to the maximum extent practicable1 to complete that project without undue delays4 7d7 ,international participation ,in order to achieve the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to the surface of ,mars1 the ,president may invite the ,united ,states partners in the ,,iss program and other nations1 as appropriate1 to participate in an international initiative under the leadership of the ,united ,states4 4 #dae4 ,update of exploration plan and programs ,section #gjejb7b7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended to read as follows3 7#b7 implement an exploration research and technology development program to enable human and robotic operations consistent with section #bjcjb7;b7 of this title2 4 #daf4 ,repeals 7a7 ,space ,shuttle capability assurance ,section #bjc of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcac7 is amended-- 7#a7 by striking subsection 7b72 7#b7 in subsection 7d71 by striking subsection 7c7 and inserting subsection 7b72 and 7#c7 by redesignating subsections 7c7 and 7d7 as subsections 7b7 and 7c71 respectively4 7b7 ,shuttle pricing policy for commercial and foreign users ,chapter #gjc of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 and the item relating to that chapter in the table of chapters for that title1 are repealed4 7c7 ,shuttle privatization ,section #ejacc of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 and the item relating to that section in the table of sections for chapter #eja of that title1 are repealed4 #dag4 ,assured access to space ,section #gjeja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7a7 to read as follows3 7a7 ,policy statement ,in order to ensure continuous ,united ,states participation and leadership in the exploration and utilization of space and as an essential instrument of national security1 it is the policy of the ,united ,states to maintain an uninterrupted capability for human space flight and operations-- 7#a7 in low-,earth orbit2 and 7#b7 beyond low-,earth orbit once the capabilities described in section #dba7;f7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag become available4 2 and 7#b7 in subsection 7b71 by striking ,committee on ,science and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate describing the progress being made toward developing the ,crew ,exploration ,vehicle and the ,crew ,launch ,vehicle and inserting ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives describing the progress being made toward developing the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion4 ,b ,assuring core capabilities for exploration #dba4 ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 and ,exploration ,ground ,systems 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,,nasa has made steady progress in developing and testing the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion exploration systems with the successful ,exploration ,flight ,test of ,orion in ,december of #bjad1 the final qualification test firing of the #e-segment ,space ,launch ,system boosters in ,june #bjaf1 and a full thrust1 full duration test firing of the ,,rs-#be ,space ,launch ,system core stage engine in ,august #bjaf4 7#b7 ,through the #bast ,century ,launch ,complex program and ,exploration ,ground ,systems programs1 ,,nasa has made significant progress in transforming exploration ground systems infrastructure to meet ,,nasa's mission requirements for the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion and to modernize ,,nasa's launch complexes to the benefit of the civil1 defense1 and commercial space sectors4 7b7 ,space ,launch ,system 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that use of the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion1 with contributions from partnerships with the private sector1 academia1 and the international community1 is the most practical approach to reaching the ,moon1 ,mars1 and beyond4 7#b7 ,reaffirmation ,congress reaffirms the policy and minimum capability requirements for the ,space ,launch ,system under section #cjb of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbb74 7c7 ,sense of ,congress on ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 and ,exploration ,ground ,systems ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 as the ,united ,states works to send humans on a series of missions to ,mars in the #bjcjs1 the ,united ,states national space program should continue to make progress on its commitment by fully developing the ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 and related ,exploration ,ground ,systems2 7#b7 using the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion for a wide range of contemplated missions will facilitate the national defense1 science1 and exploration objectives of the ,united ,states2 7#c7 the ,united ,states should have continuity of purpose for the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion in deep space exploration missions1 using them beginning with the uncrewed mission1 ,,em-#a1 planned for #bjah1 followed by the crewed mission1 ,,em-#b1 in cis-lunar space planned for #bjba1 and for subsequent missions beginning with ,,em-#c extending into cis-lunar space and eventually to ,mars2 7#d7 the ,president's annual budget requests for the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion development1 test1 and operational phases should strive to accurately reflect the resource requirements of each of those phases2 7#e7 the fully integrated ,space ,launch ,system1 including an upper stage needed to go beyond low-,earth orbit1 will safely enable human space exploration of the ,moon1 ,mars1 and beyond2 and 7#f7 the ,administrator should budget for and undertake a robust ground test and uncrewed and crewed flight test and demonstration program for the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion in order to promote safety and reduce programmatic risk4 7d7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall continue the development of the fully integrated ,space ,launch ,system1 including an upper stage needed to go beyond low-,earth orbit1 in order to safely enable human space exploration of the ,moon1 ,mars1 and beyond over the course of the next century as required in section #cjb7;c7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbb7;c774 7e7 ,report 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #fj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report addressing the ability of ,orion to meet the needs and the minimum capability requirements described in section #cjc7;b77#c7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbc7;b77#c774 7#b7 ,contents ,the report shall detail-- 7,a7 those components and systems of ,orion that ensure it is in compliance with section #cjc7;b77#c7 of that ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbc7;b77#c772 7,b7 the expected date that ,orion1 integrated with a vehicle other than the ,space ,launch ,system1 could be available to transport crew and cargo to the ,,iss2 7,c7 any impacts to the deep space exploration missions under subsection 7f7 of this section due to enabling ,orion to meet the minimum capability requirements described in section #cjc7;b77#c7 of that ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbc7;b77#c77 and conducting the mission described in subparagraph 7,b7 of this paragraph2 and 7,d7 the overall cost and schedule impacts associated with enabling ,orion to meet the minimum capability requirements described in section #cjc7;b77#c7 of that ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbc7;b77#c77 and conducting the mission described in subparagraph 7,b7 of this paragraph4 7f7 ,exploration missions ,the ,administrator shall continue development of-- 7#a7 an uncrewed exploration mission to demonstrate the capability of both the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion as an integrated system by #bjah2 7#b7 subject to applicable human rating processes and requirements1 a crewed exploration mission to demonstrate the ,space ,launch ,system1 including the ,core ,stage and ,exploration ,upper ,stages1 by #bjba2 7#c7 subsequent missions beginning with ,,em-#c at operational flight rate sufficient to maintain safety and operational readiness using the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion to extend into cis-lunar space and eventually to ,mars2 and 7#d7 a deep space habitat as a key element in a deep space exploration architecture along with the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion4 7g7 ,other uses ,the ,administrator shall assess the utility of the ,space ,launch ,system for use by the science community and for other ,federal ,government launch needs1 including consideration of overall cost and schedule savings from reduced transit times and increased science returns enabled by the unique capabilities of the ,space ,launch ,system4 7h7 ,utilization report 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 shall prepare a report that addresses the effort and budget required to enable and utilize a cargo variant of the #acj-ton ,space ,launch ,system configuration described in section #cjb7;c7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcbb7;c774 7#b7 ,contents ,in preparing the report1 the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 consider the technical requirements of the scientific and national security communities related to a cargo variant of the ,space ,launch ,system2 and 7,b7 directly assess the utility and estimated cost savings obtained by using a cargo variant of the ,space ,launch ,system for national security and space science missions4 7#c7 ,submission to ,congress ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit the report to the appropriate committees of ,congress4 ,c ,journey to ,mars #dca4 ,findings on human space exploration ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,in accordance with section #bjd of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#abd ,stat4 #bhac71 the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine1 through its ,committee on ,human ,spaceflight1 conducted a review of the goals1 core capabilities1 and direction of human space flight1 and published the findings and recommendations in a #bjad report entitled1 ,pathways to ,exploration3 ,rationales and ,approaches for a ,u4,s4 ,program of ,human ,space ,exploration4 7#b7 ,the ,committee on ,human ,spaceflight included leaders from the aerospace1 scientific1 security1 and policy communities4 7#c7 ,with input from the public1 the ,committee on ,human ,spaceflight concluded that many practical and aspirational rationales for human space flight together constitute a compelling case for continued national investment and pursuit of human space exploration toward the horizon goal of ,mars4 7#d7 ,according to the ,committee on ,human ,spaceflight1 the rationales include economic benefits1 national security1 national prestige1 inspiring students and other citizens1 scientific discovery1 human survival1 and a sense of shared destiny4 7#e7 ,the ,committee on ,human ,spaceflight affirmed that ,mars is the appropriate long-term goal for the human space flight program4 7#f7 ,the ,committee on ,human ,spaceflight recommended that ,,nasa define a series of sustainable steps and conduct mission planning and technology development as needed to achieve the long-term goal of placing humans on the surface of ,mars4 7#g7 ,expanding human presence beyond low-,earth orbit and advancing toward human missions to ,mars requires early planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve short-term and long-term goals and objectives4 7#h7 ,in addition to the #bjad report described in paragraph 7#a71 there are several independently developed reports or concepts that describe potential ,mars architectures or concepts and identify ,mars as the long-term goal for human space exploration1 including ,,nasa's ,the ,global ,exploration ,roadmap of #bjac1 ,,nasa's ,journey to ,mars-,pioneering ,next ,steps in ,space ,exploration of #bjae1 ,,nasa ,jet ,propulsion ,laboratory's ,minimal ,architecture for ,human ,journeys to ,mars of #bjae1 and ,explore ,mars' ,the ,humans to ,mars ,report #bjaf4 #dcb4 ,human exploration roadmap 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 expanding human presence beyond low-,earth orbit and advancing toward human missions to ,mars in the #bjcjs requires early strategic planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve short-term and long-term goals and objectives2 7#b7 for strong and sustained ,united ,states leadership1 a need exists to advance a human exploration roadmap1 addressing exploration objectives in collaboration with international1 academic1 and industry partners2 7#c7 an approach that incrementally advances toward a long-term goal is one in which nearer-term developments and implementation would influence future development and implementation2 and 7#d7 a human exploration roadmap should begin with low-,earth orbit1 then address in greater detail progress beyond low-,earth orbit to cis-lunar space1 and then address future missions aimed at human arrival and activities near and then on the surface of ,mars4 7b7 ,human exploration roadmap 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall develop a human exploration roadmap1 including a critical decision plan1 to expand human presence beyond low-,earth orbit to the surface of ,mars and beyond1 considering potential interim destinations such as cis-lunar space and the moons of ,mars4 7#b7 ,scope ,the human exploration roadmap shall include-- 7,a7 an integrated set of exploration1 science1 and other goals and objectives of a ,united ,states human space exploration program to achieve the long-term goal of human missions near or on the surface of ,mars in the #bjcjs2 7,b7 opportunities for international1 academic1 and industry partnerships for exploration-related systems1 services1 research1 and technology if those opportunities provide cost-savings1 accelerate program schedules1 or otherwise benefit the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph 7,a72 7,c7 sets and sequences of precursor missions in cis-lunar space and other missions or activities necessary-- 7i7 to demonstrate the proficiency of the capabilities and technologies identified under subparagraph 7,d72 and 7ii7 to meet the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph 7,a71 including anticipated timelines and missions for the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion2 7,d7 an identification of the specific capabilities and technologies1 including the ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 a deep space habitat1 and other capabilities1 that facilitate the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph 7,a72 7,e7 a description of how cis-lunar elements1 objectives1 and activities advance the human exploration of ,mars2 7,f7 an assessment of potential human health and other risks1 including radiation exposure2 7,g7 mitigation plans1 whenever possible1 to address the risks identified in subparagraph 7,f72 7,h7 a description of those technologies already under development across the ,federal ,government or by other entities that facilitate the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph 7,a72 7,i7 a specific process for the evolution of the capabilities of the fully integrated ,orion with the ,space ,launch ,system and a description of how these systems facilitate the goals and objectives developed under subparagraph 7,a7 and demonstrate the capabilities and technologies described in subparagraph 7,d72 7,j7 a description of the capabilities and technologies that need to be demonstrated or research data that could be gained through the utilization of the ,,iss and the status of the development of such capabilities and technologies2 7,k7 a framework for international cooperation in the development of all capabilities and technologies identified under this section1 including an assessment of the risks posed by relying on international partners for capabilities and technologies on the critical path of development2 7,l7 a process for partnering with nongovernmental entities using ,space ,act ,agreements or other acquisition instruments for future human space exploration2 and 7,m7 include information on the phasing of planned intermediate destinations1 ,mars mission risk areas and potential risk mitigation approaches1 technology requirements and phasing of required technology development activities1 the management strategy to be followed1 related ,,iss activities1 planned international collaborative activities1 potential commercial contributions1 and other activities relevant to the achievement of the goal established in this section4 7#c7 ,considerations ,in developing the human exploration roadmap1 the ,administrator shall consider-- 7,a7 using key exploration capabilities1 namely the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion2 7,b7 using existing commercially available technologies and capabilities or those technologies and capabilities being developed by industry for commercial purposes2 7,c7 establishing an organizational approach to ensure collaboration and coordination among ,,nasa's ,mission ,directorates under section #hba1 when appropriate1 including to collect and return to ,earth a sample from the ,martian surface2 7,d7 building upon the initial uncrewed mission1 ,,em-#a1 and first crewed mission1 ,,em-#b1 of the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion to establish a sustainable cadence of missions extending human exploration missions into cis-lunar space1 including anticipated timelines and milestones2 7,e7 developing the robotic and precursor missions and activities that will demonstrate1 test1 and develop key technologies and capabilities essential for achieving human missions to ,mars1 including long-duration human operations beyond low-,earth orbit1 space suits1 solar electric propulsion1 deep space habitats1 environmental control life support systems1 ,mars lander and ascent vehicle1 entry1 descent1 landing1 ascent1 ,mars surface systems1 and in-situ resource utilization2 7,f7 demonstrating and testing #a or more habitat modules in cis-lunar space to prepare for ,mars missions2 7,g7 using public-private1 firm fixed-price partnerships1 where practicable2 7,h7 collaborating with international1 academic1 and industry partners1 when appropriate2 7,i7 any risks to human health and sensitive onboard technologies1 including radiation exposure2 7,j7 any risks identified through research outcomes under the ,,nasa ,human ,research ,program's ,behavioral ,health ,element2 and 7,k7 the recommendations and ideas of several independently developed reports or concepts that describe potential ,mars architectures or concepts and identify ,mars as the long-term goal for human space exploration1 including the reports described under section #dca4 7#d7 ,critical decision plan on human space exploration ,as part of the human exploration roadmap1 the ,administrator shall include a critical decision plan-- 7,a7 identifying and defining key decisions guiding human space exploration priorities and plans that need to be made before ,june #cj1 #bjbj1 including decisions that may guide human space exploration capability development1 precursor missions1 long-term missions1 and activities2 7,b7 defining decisions needed to maximize efficiencies and resources for reaching the near1 intermediate1 and long-term goals and objectives of human space exploration2 and 7,c7 identifying and defining timelines and milestones for a sustainable cadence of missions beginning with ,,em-#c for the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion to extend human exploration from cis-lunar space to the surface of ,mars4 7#e7 ,reports 7,a7 ,initial human exploration roadmap ,the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress-- 7i7 an initial human exploration roadmap1 including a critical decision plan1 before ,december #a1 #bjag2 and 7ii7 an updated human exploration roadmap periodically as the ,administrator considers necessary but not less than biennially4 7,b7 ,contents ,each human exploration roadmap under this paragraph shall include a description of-- 7i7 the achievements and goals accomplished in the process of developing such capabilities and technologies during the #b-year period prior to the submission of the human exploration roadmap2 and 7ii7 the expected goals and achievements in the following #b- year period4 7,c7 ,submission with budget ,each human exploration roadmap under this section shall be included in the budget for that fiscal year transmitted to ,congress under section #aaje7;a7 of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code4 #dcc4 ,advanced space suit capability ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a detailed plan for achieving an advanced space suit capability that aligns with the crew needs for exploration enabled by the ,space ,launch ,system and ,orion1 including an evaluation of the merit of delivering the planned suit system for use on the ,,iss4 #dcd4 ,asteroid robotic redirect mission 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,,nasa initially estimated that the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission would launch in ,december #bjbj and cost no more than #a1bej1jjj1jjj1 excluding launch and operations4 7#b7 ,on ,july #ae1 #bjaf1 ,,nasa conducted its ,key ,decision ,point-,b review of the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission or approval for ,phase ,b in mission formulation4 7#c7 ,during the ,key ,decision ,point-,b review1 ,,nasa estimated that costs have grown to #a1djj1jjj1jjj excluding launch and operations for a launch in ,december #bjba and the agency must evaluate whether to accept the increase or reduce the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission's scope to stay within the cost cap set by the ,administrator4 7#d7 ,in ,april #bjae1 the ,,nasa ,advisory ,council-- 7,a7 issued a finding that-- 7i7 high-performance solar electric propulsion will likely be an important part of an architecture to send humans to ,mars2 and 7ii7 maneuvering a large test mass is not necessary to provide a valid in-space test of a new solar electric propulsion stage2 7,b7 determined that a solar electric propulsion mission will contribute more directly to the goal of sending humans to ,mars if the mission is focused entirely on development and validation of the solar electric propulsion stage2 and 7,c7 determined that other possible motivations for acquiring and maneuvering a boulder1 such as asteroid science and planetary defense1 do not have value commensurate with their probable cost4 7#e7 ,the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission is competing for resources with other critical exploration development programs1 including the ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 commercial crew1 and a habitation module4 7#f7 ,in #bjad1 the ,,nasa ,advisory ,council recommended that ,,nasa conduct an independent cost and technical assessment of the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission4 7#g7 ,in #bjae1 the ,,nasa ,advisory ,council recommended that ,,nasa preserve the following key objectives if the program needed to be descoped3 7,a7 ,development of high power solar electric propulsion4 7,b7 ,ability to maneuver in a low gravity environment in deep space4 7#h7 ,in ,january #bjae and ,july #bjae1 the ,,nasa ,advisory ,council expressed its concern to ,,nasa about the potential for growing costs for the program and highlighted that choices would need to be made about the program's content4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the technological and scientific goals of the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission have not been demonstrated to ,congress to be commensurate with the cost2 and 7#b7 alternative missions may provide a more cost effective and scientifically beneficial means to demonstrate the technologies needed for a human mission to ,mars that would otherwise be demonstrated by the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission4 7c7 ,evaluation and report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 conduct an evaluation of-- 7,a7 alternative approaches to the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission for demonstrating the technologies and capabilities needed for a human mission to ,mars that would otherwise be demonstrated by the ,asteroid ,robotic ,redirect ,mission2 7,b7 the scientific and technical benefits of the alternative approaches under subparagraph 7,a7 to future human space exploration compared to scientific and technical benefits of the ,asteroid ,redirect ,robotic ,mission2 7,c7 the commercial benefits of the alternative approaches identified in subparagraph 7,a71 including the impact on the development of domestic solar electric propulsion technology to bolster ,united ,states competitiveness in the global marketplace2 and 7,d7 a comparison of the estimated costs of the alternative approaches identified in subparagraph 7,a72 and 7#b7 submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the evaluation under paragraph 7#a71 including any recommendations4 #dce4 ,mars #bjcc report 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #abj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall contract with an independent1 non-governmental systems engineering and technical assistance organization to study a ,mars human space flight mission to be launched in #bjcc4 7b7 ,contents ,the study shall include-- 7#a7 a technical development1 test1 fielding1 and operations plan using the ,space ,launch ,system1 ,orion1 and other systems to successfully launch such a ,mars human space flight mission by #bjcc2 7#b7 an annual budget profile1 including cost estimates1 for the technical development1 test1 fielding1 and operations plan to carry out a ,mars human space flight mission by #bjcc2 and 7#c7 a comparison of the annual budget profile to the #e-year budget profile contained in the ,president's budget request for fiscal year #bjag under section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the study1 including findings and recommendations regarding the ,mars #bjcc human space flight mission described in subsection 7a74 7d7 ,assessment ,not later than #fj days after the date the report is submitted under subsection 7c71 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress an assessment by the ,,nasa ,advisory ,council of whether the proposal for a ,mars human space flight mission to be launched in #bjcc is in the strategic interests of the ,united ,states in space exploration4 ,d ,,treat ,astronauts ,act #dda4 ,short title ,this subtitle may be cited as the ,to ,research1 ,evaluate1 ,assess1 and ,treat ,astronauts ,act or the ,,treat ,astronauts ,act4 #ddb4 ,findings2 sense of ,congress 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,human space exploration can pose significant challenges and is full of substantial risk1 which has ultimately claimed the lives of #bd ,,nasa astronauts serving in the line of duty4 7#b7 ,as ,united ,states government astronauts participate in long-duration and exploration space flight missions they may experience increased health risks1 such as vision impairment1 bone demineralization1 and behavioral health and performance risks1 and may be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation4 ,exposure to high levels of radiation and microgravity can result in acute and long-term health consequences that can increase the risk of cancer and tissue degeneration and have potential effects on the musculoskeletal system1 central nervous system1 cardiovascular system1 immune function1 and vision4 7#c7 ,to advance the goal of long-duration and exploration space flight missions1 ,united ,states government astronaut ,scott ,kelly participated in a #a-year twins study in space while his identical twin brother1 former ,united ,states government astronaut ,mark ,kelly1 acted as a human control specimen on ,earth1 providing an understanding of the physical1 behavioral1 microbiological1 and molecular reaction of the human body to an extended period of time in space4 7#d7 ,since the ,administration currently provides medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 and treatment for ,united ,states government astronauts during their active employment1 given the unknown long-term health consequences of long-duration space exploration1 the ,administration has requested statutory authority from ,congress to provide medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 and treatment to former ,united ,states government astronauts for psychological and medical conditions associated with human space flight4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,united ,states should continue to seek the unknown and lead the world in space exploration and scientific discovery as the ,administration prepares for long-duration and exploration space flight in deep space and an eventual mission to ,mars2 7#b7 data relating to the health of astronauts will become increasingly valuable to improving our understanding of many diseases humans face on ,earth2 7#c7 the ,administration should provide the type of monitoring1 diagnosis1 and treatment described in subsection 7a7 only for conditions the ,administration considers unique to the training or exposure to the space flight environment of ,united ,states government astronauts and should not require any former ,united ,states ,government astronauts to participate in the ,administration's monitoring2 7#d7 such monitoring1 diagnosis1 and treatment should not replace a former ,united ,states government astronaut's private health insurance2 7#e7 expanded data acquired from such monitoring1 diagnosis1 and treatment should be used to tailor treatment1 inform the requirements for new space flight medical hardware1 and develop controls in order to prevent disease occurrence in the astronaut corps2 and 7#f7 the #cdj-;day space mission of ,scott ,kelly aboard the ,,iss-- 7,a7 was pivotal for the goal of the ,united ,states for humans to explore deep space and ,mars as the mission generated new insight into how the human body adjusts to weightlessness1 isolation1 radiation1 and the stress of long-duration space flight2 and 7,b7 will help support the physical and mental well-being of astronauts during longer space exploration missions in the future4 #ddc4 ,medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight 7a7 ,in general ,subchapter ,,iii of chapter #bja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 as amended by section #cje of this ,act1 is further amended by adding at the end the following3 #bjadi4 ,medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight 7a7 ,in general ,notwithstanding any other provision of law1 the ,administrator may provide for-- 7#a7 the medical monitoring and diagnosis of a former ,united ,states government astronaut or a former payload specialist for conditions that the ,administrator considers potentially associated with human space flight2 and 7#b7 the treatment of a former ,united ,states government astronaut or a former payload specialist for conditions that the ,administrator considers associated with human space flight1 including scientific and medical tests for psychological and medical conditions4 7b7 ,requirements 7#a7 ,no cost sharing ,the medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment described in subsection 7a7 shall be provided without any deductible1 copayment1 or other cost sharing obligation4 7#b7 ,access to local services ,the medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 and treatment described in subsection 7a7 may be provided by a local health care provider if it is unadvisable due to the health of the applicable former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist for that former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist to travel to the ,lyndon ,b4 ,johnson ,space ,center1 as determined by the ,administrator4 7#c7 ,secondary payment ,payment or reimbursement for the medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment described in subsection 7a7 shall be secondary to any obligation of the ,united ,states ,government or any third party under any other provision of law or contractual agreement to pay for or provide such medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment4 ,any costs for items and services that may be provided by the ,administrator for medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment under subsection 7a7 that are not paid for or provided under such other provision of law or contractual agreement1 due to the application of deductibles1 copayments1 coinsurance1 other cost sharing1 or otherwise1 are reimbursable by the ,administrator on behalf of the former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist involved to the extent such items or services are authorized to be provided by the ,administrator for such medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment under subsection 7a74 7#d7 ,conditional payment ,the ,administrator may provide for conditional payments for or provide medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment described in subsection 7a7 that is obligated to be paid for or provided by the ,united ,states or any third party under any other provision of law or contractual agreement to pay for or provide such medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment if-- 7,a7 payment for 7or the provision of7 such medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment services has not been made 7or provided7 or cannot reasonably be expected to be made 7or provided7 promptly by the ,united ,states or such third party1 respectively2 and 7,b7 such payment 7or such provision of services7 by the ,administrator is conditioned on reimbursement by the ,united ,states or such third party1 respectively1 for such medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment4 7c7 ,exclusions ,the ,administrator may not-- 7#a7 provide for medical monitoring or diagnosis of a former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist under subsection 7a7 for any psychological or medical condition that is not potentially associated with human space flight2 7#b7 provide for treatment of a former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist under subsection 7a7 for any psychological or medical condition that is not associated with human space flight2 or 7#c7 require a former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist to participate in the medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment authorized under subsection 7a74 7d7 ,privacy ,consistent with applicable provisions of ,federal law relating to privacy1 the ,administrator shall protect the privacy of all medical records generated under subsection 7a7 and accessible to the ,administration4 7e7 ,regulations ,the ,administrator shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section4 7f7 ,definition of ,united ,states government astronaut ,in this section1 the term ,united ,states government astronaut has the meaning given the term government astronaut in section #ejijb1 except it does not include an individual who is an international partner astronaut4 7g7 ,data use and disclosure ,the ,administrator may use or disclose data acquired in the course of medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment of a former ,united ,states government astronaut or a former payload specialist under subsection 7a71 in accordance with subsection 7d74 ,former ,united ,states government astronaut or former payload specialist participation in medical monitoring1 diagnosis1 or treatment under subsection 7a7 shall constitute consent for the ,administrator to use or disclose such data4 4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for chapter #bja of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 as amended by section #cje of this ,act1 is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section #bjadh the following3 #bjadi4 ,medical monitoring and research relating to human space flight4 4 7c7 ,annual reports 7#a7 ,in general ,each fiscal year1 not later than the date of submission of the ,president's annual budget request for that fiscal year under section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code1 the ,administrator shall publish a report1 in accordance with applicable ,federal privacy laws1 on the activities of the ,administration under section #bjadi of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,contents ,each report under paragraph 7#a7 shall include a detailed cost accounting of the ,administration's activities under section #bjadi of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 and a #e-year budget estimate4 7#c7 ,submission to ,congress ,the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress each report under paragraph 7#a7 not later than the date of submission of the ,president's annual budget request for that fiscal year under section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code4 7d7 ,cost estimate 7#a7 ,requirement ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with an independent external organization to undertake an independent cost estimate of the cost to the ,administration and the ,federal ,government to implement and administer the activities of the ,administration under section #bjadi of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,the independent external organization may not be a ,,nasa entity1 such as the ,office of ,safety and ,mission ,assurance4 7#b7 ,submittal to ,congress ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the independent cost estimate under paragraph 7#a74 7e7 ,privacy ,study 7#a7 ,study ,the ,administrator shall carry out a study on any potential privacy or legal issues related to the possible sharing beyond the ,federal ,government of data acquired under the activities of the ,administration under section #bjadi of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report containing the results of the study carried out under paragraph 7#a74 7f7 ,inspector ,general audit ,the ,inspector ,general of ,,nasa shall periodically audit or review1 as the ,inspector ,general considers necessary to prevent waste1 fraud1 and abuse1 the activities of the ,administration under section #bjadi of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 ,v ,advancing space science #eja4 ,maintaining a balanced space science portfolio 7a7 ,sense of ,congress on science portfolio ,congress reaffirms the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 a balanced and adequately funded set of activities1 consisting of research and analysis grant programs1 technology development1 suborbital research activities1 and small1 medium1 and large space missions1 contributes to a robust and productive science program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and discovery2 and 7#b7 the ,administrator should set science priorities by following the guidance provided by the scientific community through the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine's decadal surveys4 7b7 ,policy ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states to ensure1 to the extent practicable1 a steady cadence of large1 medium1 and small science missions4 #ejb4 ,planetary science 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 ,administration support for planetary science is critical to enabling greater understanding of the solar system and the origin of the ,earth2 7#b7 the ,united ,states leads the world in planetary science and can augment its success in that area with appropriate international1 academic1 and industry partnerships2 7#c7 a mix of small1 medium1 and large planetary science missions is required to sustain a steady cadence of planetary exploration2 and 7#d7 robotic planetary exploration is a key component of preparing for future human exploration4 7b7 ,mission priorities 7#a7 ,in general ,in accordance with the priorities established in the most recent ,planetary ,science ,decadal ,survey1 the ,administrator shall ensure1 to the greatest extent practicable1 the completion of a balanced set of ,discovery1 ,new ,frontiers1 and ,flagship missions at the cadence recommended by the most recent ,planetary ,science ,decadal ,survey4 7#b7 ,mission priority adjustments ,consistent with the set of missions described in paragraph 7#a71 and while maintaining the continuity of scientific data and steady development of capabilities and technologies1 the ,administrator may seek1 if necessary1 adjustments to mission priorities1 schedule1 and scope in light of changing budget projections4 #ejc4 ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope will-- 7,a7 significantly advance our understanding of star and planet formation1 and improve our knowledge of the early universe2 and 7,b7 support ,united ,states leadership in astrophysics2 7#b7 consistent with annual ,government ,accountability ,office reviews of the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope program1 the ,administrator should continue robust surveillance of the performance of the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope project and continue to improve the reliability of cost estimates and contractor performance data and other major space flight projects in order to enhance ,,nasa's ability to successfully deliver the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope on-time and within budget2 7#c7 the on-time and on-budget delivery of the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope is a high congressional priority2 and 7#d7 the ,administrator should ensure that integrated testing is appropriately timed and sufficiently comprehensive to enable potential issues to be identified and addressed early enough to be handled within the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope's development schedule and prior to its launch4 #ejd4 ,wide-,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,wide-,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope 7referred to in this section as ,,wfirst7 mission has the potential to enable scientific discoveries that will transform our understanding of the universe2 and 7#b7 the ,administrator1 to the extent practicable1 should make progress on the technologies and capabilities needed to position the ,administration to meet the objectives1 as outlined in the #bjaj ,national ,academies' ,astronomy and ,astrophysics ,decadal ,survey1 in a way that maximizes the scientific productivity of meeting those objectives for the resources invested4 7b7 ,continuity of development ,the ,administrator shall ensure that the concept definition and pre-formulation activities of the ,,wfirst mission continue while the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope is being completed4 #eje4 ,mars #bjbj rover ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,mars #bjbj mission1 to develop a ,mars rover and to enable the return of samples to ,earth1 should remain a priority for ,,nasa2 and 7#b7 the ,mars #bjbj mission-- 7,a7 should significantly increase our understanding of ,mars2 7,b7 should help determine whether life previously existed on that planet2 and 7,c7 should provide opportunities to gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the challenges of future human expeditions to ,mars4 #ejf4 ,europa 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,studies of ,europa1 ,jupiter's moon1 indicate that ,europa may provide a habitable environment1 as it contains key ingredients known to support life4 7#b7 ,in #bjab1 using the ,hubble ,space ,telescope1 ,,nasa scientists observed water vapor around the south polar region of ,europa1 which provides potential evidence of water plumes in that region4 7#c7 ,for decades1 the ,europa mission has consistently ranked as a high priority mission for the scientific community4 7#d7 ,the ,europa mission was ranked as the top priority mission in the previous ,planetary ,science ,decadal ,survey and ranked as the second-highest priority in the current ,planetary ,science ,decadal ,survey4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,europa mission could provide another avenue in which to capitalize on our ,nation's current investment in the ,space ,launch ,system that would significantly reduce the transit time for such a deep space mission2 and 7#b7 a scientific1 robotic exploration mission to ,europa1 as prioritized in both ,planetary ,science ,decadal ,surveys1 should be supported4 #ejg4 ,congressional declaration of policy and purpose ,section #bjajb7;d7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7#aj7 ,the search for life's origin1 evolution1 distribution1 and future in the universe4 4 #ejh4 ,extrasolar planet exploration strategy 7a7 ,strategy 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies to develop a science strategy for the study and exploration of extrasolar planets1 including the use of the ,transiting ,exoplanet ,survey ,satellite1 the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope1 a potential ,wide-,field ,infrared ,survey ,telescope mission1 or any other telescope1 spacecraft1 or instrument1 as appropriate4 7#b7 ,requirements ,the strategy shall-- 7,a7 outline key scientific questions2 7,b7 identify the most promising research in the field2 7,c7 indicate the extent to which the mission priorities in existing decadal surveys address the key extrasolar planet research and exploration goals2 7,d7 identify opportunities for coordination with international partners1 commercial partners1 and not-for-profit partners2 and 7,e7 make recommendations regarding the activities under subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,d71 as appropriate4 7b7 ,use of strategy ,the ,administrator shall use the strategy-- 7#a7 to inform roadmaps1 strategic plans1 and other activities of the ,administration as they relate to extrasolar planet research and exploration2 and 7#b7 to provide a foundation for future activities and initiatives related to extrasolar planet research and exploration4 7c7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,national ,academies shall submit to the ,administrator and to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report containing the strategy developed under subsection 7a74 #eji4 ,astrobiology strategy 7a7 ,strategy 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies to develop a science strategy for astrobiology that would outline key scientific questions1 identify the most promising research in the field1 and indicate the extent to which the mission priorities in existing decadal surveys address the search for life's origin1 evolution1 distribution1 and future in the ,universe4 7#b7 ,recommendations ,the strategy shall include recommendations for coordination with international partners4 7b7 ,use of strategy ,the ,administrator shall use the strategy developed under subsection 7a7 in planning and funding research and other activities and initiatives in the field of astrobiology4 7c7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,national ,academies shall submit to the ,administrator and to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report containing the strategy developed under subsection 7a74 #eaj4 ,astrobiology public-private partnerships ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report describing how the ,administration can expand collaborative partnerships to study life's origin1 evolution1 distribution1 and future in the universe4 #eaa4 ,near-earth objects ,section #cba of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjje 7#ea ,u4,s4,c4 note prec4 #gaaja7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7e7 ,program report ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy and the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag1 an initial report that provides-- 7#a7 recommendations for carrying out the ,survey program and an associated proposed budget2 7#b7 an analysis of possible options that the ,administration could employ to divert an object on a likely collision course with ,earth2 and 7#c7 a description of the status of efforts to coordinate and cooperate with other countries to discover hazardous asteroids and comets1 plan a mitigation strategy1 and implement that strategy in the event of the discovery of an object on a likely collision course with ,earth4 7f7 ,annual reports ,after the initial report under subsection 7e71 the ,administrator shall annually transmit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that includes-- 7#a7 a summary of all activities carried out under subsection 7d7 since the date of enactment of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag1 including the progress toward achieving #ij percent completion of the survey described in subsection 7d72 and 7#b7 a summary of expenditures for all activities carried out under subsection 7d7 since the date of enactment of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag4 7g7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall carry out a technical and scientific assessment of the capabilities and resources-- 7#a7 to accelerate the survey described in subsection 7d72 and 7#b7 to expand the ,administration's ,near-,earth ,object ,program to include the detection1 tracking1 cataloguing1 and characterization of potentially hazardous near-,earth objects less than #adj meters in diameter4 7h7 ,transmittal ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,transition ,authorization ,act of #bjag1 the ,administrator shall transmit the results of the assessment under subsection 7g7 to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 4 #eab4 ,near-,earth objects public-private partnerships 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,administration should seek to leverage the capabilities of the private sector and philanthropic organizations to the maximum extent practicable in carrying out the ,near-,earth ,object ,survey ,program in order to meet the goal of that program under section #cba7;d77#a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjje 7#ea ,u4,s4,c4 note prec4 #gaaja7;d77#a774 7b7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report describing how the ,administration can expand collaborative partnerships to detect1 track1 catalogue1 and categorize near-,earth objects4 #eac4 ,assessment of science mission extensions ,section #cjejd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended to read as follows3 #cjejd4 ,assessment of science mission extensions 7a7 ,assessments 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall carry out triennial reviews within each of the ,science divisions to assess the cost and benefits of extending the date of the termination of data collection for those missions that exceed their planned missions' lifetime4 7#b7 ,considerations ,in conducting an assessment under paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall consider whether and how extending missions impacts the start of future missions4 7b7 ,consultation and consideration of potential benefits of instruments on missions ,when deciding whether to extend a mission that has an operational component1 the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 consult with any affected ,federal agency2 and 7#b7 take into account the potential benefits of instruments on missions that are beyond their planned mission lifetime4 7c7 ,reports ,the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 at the same time as the submission to ,congress of the ,administration's annual budget request for each fiscal year1 a report detailing any assessment under subsection 7a7 that was carried out during the previous year4 4 #ead4 ,stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy ,the ,administrator may not terminate science operations of the ,stratospheric ,observatory for ,infrared ,astronomy before ,december #ca1 #bjag4 #eae4 ,radioisotope power systems 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 exploration of the outer reaches of the solar system is enabled by radioisotope power systems2 7#b7 establishing continuity in the production of the material needed for radioisotope power systems is essential to maintaining the availability of such systems for future deep space exploration missions2 and 7#c7 ,federal agencies supporting the ,administration through the production of such material should do so in a cost effective manner so as not to impose excessive reimbursement requirements on the ,administration4 7b7 ,analysis of requirements and risks ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy and the ,administrator1 in consultation with the heads of other ,federal agencies1 shall conduct an analysis of-- 7#a7 the requirements of the ,administration for radioisotope power system material that is needed to carry out planned1 high priority robotic missions in the solar system and other surface exploration activities beyond low-,earth orbit2 and 7#b7 the risks to missions of the ,administration in meeting those requirements1 or any additional requirements1 due to a lack of adequate radioisotope power system material4 7c7 ,contents of analysis ,the analysis conducted under subsection 7b7 shall-- 7#a7 detail the ,administration's current projected mission requirements and associated timeframes for radioisotope power system material2 7#b7 explain the assumptions used to determine the ,administration's requirements for the material1 including-- 7,a7 the planned use of advanced thermal conversion technology such as advanced thermocouples and ,stirling generators and converters2 and 7,b7 the risks and implications of1 and contingencies for1 any delays or unanticipated technical challenges affecting or related to the ,administration's mission plans for the anticipated use of advanced thermal conversion technology2 7#c7 assess the risk to the ,administration's programs of any potential delays in achieving the schedule and milestones for planned domestic production of radioisotope power system material2 7#d7 outline a process for meeting any additional ,administration requirements for the material2 7#e7 estimate the incremental costs required to increase the amount of material produced each year1 if such an increase is needed to support additional ,administration requirements for the material2 7#f7 detail how the ,administration and other ,federal agencies will manage1 operate1 and fund production facilities and the design and development of all radioisotope power systems used by the ,administration and other ,federal agencies as necessary2 7#g7 specify the steps the ,administration will take1 in consultation with the ,department of ,energy1 to preserve the infrastructure and workforce necessary for production of radioisotope power systems and ensure that its reimbursements to the ,department of ,energy associated with such preservation are equitable and justified2 and 7#h7 detail how the ,administration has implemented or rejected the recommendations from the ,national ,research ,council's #bjji report titled ,radioisotope ,power ,systems3 ,an ,imperative for ,maintaining ,u4,s4 ,leadership in ,space ,exploration4 7d7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit the results of the analysis to the appropriate committees of ,congress4 #eaf4 ,assessment of ,mars architecture 7a7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine to assess-- 7#a7 the ,administration's ,mars exploration architecture and its responsiveness to the strategies1 priorities1 and guidelines put forward by the ,national ,academies' planetary science decadal surveys and other relevant ,national ,academies ,mars-related reports2 7#b7 the long-term goals of the ,administration's ,mars ,exploration ,program and such program's ability to optimize the science return1 given the current fiscal posture of the program2 7#c7 the ,mars exploration architecture's relationship to ,mars-related activities to be undertaken by foreign agencies and organizations2 and 7#d7 the extent to which the ,mars exploration architecture represents a reasonably balanced mission portfolio4 7b7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit the results of the assessment to the appropriate committees of ,congress4 #eag4 ,collaboration ,the ,administration shall continue to develop first-of-a-kind instruments that1 once proved1 can be transitioned to other agencies for operations4 ,whenever responsibilities for the development of sensors or for measurements are transferred to the ,administration from another agency1 the ,administration shall seek1 to the extent possible1 to be reimbursed for the assumption of such responsibilities4 ,,vi ,aeronautics #fja4 ,sense of ,congress on aeronautics ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 a robust aeronautics research portfolio will help maintain the ,united ,states status as a leader in aviation1 enhance the competitiveness of the ,united ,states in the world economy1 and improve the quality of life of all citizens2 7#b7 aeronautics research is essential to the ,administration's mission1 continues to be an important core element of the ,administration's mission1 and should be supported2 7#c7 the ,administrator should coordinate and consult with relevant ,federal agencies and the private sector to minimize duplication of efforts and leverage resources2 and 7#d7 carrying aeronautics research to a level of maturity that allows the ,administration's research results to be transferred to the users1 whether private or public sector1 is critical to their eventual adoption4 #fjb4 ,transformative aeronautics research ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,administrator should look strategically into the future and ensure that the ,administration's ,center personnel are at the leading edge of aeronautics research by encouraging investigations into the early-stage advancement of new processes1 novel concepts1 and innovative technologies that have the potential to meet national aeronautics needs4 #fjc4 ,hypersonic research 7a7 ,roadmap for hypersonic research ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a research and development roadmap for hypersonic aircraft research4 7b7 ,objective ,the objective of the roadmap is to explore hypersonic science and technology using air-breathing propulsion concepts1 through a mix of theoretical work1 basic and applied research1 and development of flight research demonstration vehicles4 7c7 ,contents ,the roadmap shall recommend appropriate ,federal agency contributions1 coordination efforts1 and technology milestones4 #fjd4 ,supersonic research 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 the ability to fly commercial aircraft over land at supersonic speeds without adverse impacts on the environment or on local communities could open new global markets and enable new transportation capabilities2 and 7#b7 continuing the ,administration's research program is necessary to assess the impact in a relevant environment of commercial supersonic flight operations and provide the basis for establishing appropriate sonic boom standards for such flight operations4 7b7 ,roadmap for supersonic research 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a roadmap that allows for flexible funding profiles for supersonic aeronautics research and development4 7#b7 ,objective ,the objective of the roadmap is to develop and demonstrate1 in a relevant environment1 airframe and propulsion technologies to minimize the environmental impact1 including noise1 of supersonic overland flight in an efficient and economical manner4 7#c7 ,contents ,the roadmap shall include-- 7,a7 the baseline research as embodied by the ,administration's existing research on supersonic flight2 7,b7 a list of specific technological1 environmental1 and other challenges that must be overcome to minimize the environmental impact1 including noise1 of supersonic overland flight2 7,c7 a research plan to address the challenges under subparagraph 7,b71 including a project timeline for accomplishing relevant research goals2 7,d7 a plan for coordination with stakeholders1 including relevant government agencies and industry2 and 7,e7 a plan for how the ,administration will ensure that sonic boom research is coordinated as appropriate with relevant ,federal agencies4 #fje4 ,rotorcraft research 7a7 ,roadmap for rotorcraft research ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a roadmap for research relating to rotorcraft and other runway-independent air vehicles4 7b7 ,objective ,the objective of the roadmap is to develop and demonstrate improved safety1 noise1 and environmental impact in a relevant environment4 7c7 ,contents ,the roadmap shall include specific goals for the research1 a timeline for implementation1 metrics for success1 and guidelines for collaboration and coordination with industry and other ,federal agencies4 ,,vii ,space technology #gja4 ,space technology infusion 7a7 ,sense of ,congress on space technology ,it is the sense of ,congress that space technology is critical-- 7#a7 to developing technologies and capabilities that will make the ,administration's core missions more affordable and more reliable2 7#b7 to enabling a new class of ,administration missions beyond low-,earth orbit2 and 7#c7 to improving technological capabilities and promote innovation for the ,administration and the ,nation4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress on propulsion technology ,it is the sense of ,congress that advancing propulsion technology would improve the efficiency of trips to ,mars and could shorten travel time to ,mars1 reduce astronaut health risks1 and reduce radiation exposure1 consumables1 and mass of materials required for the journey4 7c7 ,policy ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states that the ,administrator shall develop technologies to support the ,administration's core missions1 as described in section #b7c7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcja7c771 and support sustained investments in early stage innovation1 fundamental research1 and technologies to expand the boundaries of the national aerospace enterprise4 7d7 ,propulsion technologies ,a goal of propulsion technologies developed under subsection 7c7 shall be to significantly reduce human travel time to ,mars4 #gjb4 ,space technology program 7a7 ,space technology program authorized ,the ,administrator shall conduct a space technology program 7referred to in this section as the ,program7 to research and develop advanced space technologies that could deliver innovative solutions across the ,administration's space exploration and science missions4 7b7 ,considerations ,in conducting the ,program1 the ,administrator shall consider-- 7#a7 the recommendations of the ,national ,academies' review of the ,administration's ,space ,technology roadmaps and priorities2 and 7#b7 the applicable enabling aspects of the stepping stone approach to exploration under section #gjejd of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,requirements ,in conducting the ,program1 the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 to the extent practicable1 use a competitive process to select research and development projects2 7#b7 to the extent practicable and appropriate1 use small satellites and the ,administration's suborbital and ground-based platforms to demonstrate space technology concepts and developments2 and 7#c7 as appropriate1 partner with other ,federal agencies1 universities1 private industry1 and foreign countries4 7d7 ,small business programs ,the ,administrator shall organize and manage the ,administration's ,small ,business ,innovation ,research ,program and ,small ,business ,technology ,transfer ,program within the ,program4 7e7 ,nonduplication certification ,the ,administrator shall submit a budget for each fiscal year1 as transmitted to ,congress under section #aaje7;a7 of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code1 that avoids duplication of projects1 programs1 or missions conducted by ,program with other projects1 programs1 or missions conducted by another office or directorate of the ,administration4 7f7 ,collaboration1 coordination1 and alignment 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 ensure that the ,administration's projects1 programs1 and activities in support of technology research and development of advanced space technologies are fully coordinated and aligned2 7,b7 ensure that the results the projects1 programs1 and activities under subparagraph 7,a7 are shared and leveraged within the ,administration2 and 7,c7 ensure that the organizational responsibility for research and development activities in support of human space exploration not initiated as of the date of enactment of this ,act is established on the basis of a sound rationale4 7#b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that projects1 programs1 and missions being conducted by the ,human ,exploration and ,operations ,mission ,directorate in support of research and development of advanced space technologies and systems focusing on human space exploration should continue in that ,directorate4 7g7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report-- 7#a7 comparing the ,administration's space technology investments with the high-priority technology areas identified by the ,national ,academies in the ,national ,research ,council's report on the ,administration's ,space ,technology ,roadmaps2 and 7#b7 including-- 7,a7 identification of how the ,administration will address any gaps between the agency's investments and the recommended technology areas1 including a projection of funding requirements2 and 7,b7 identification of the rationale described in subsection 7f77#a77;,c74 7h7 ,annual report ,the ,administrator shall include in the ,administration's annual budget request for each fiscal year the rationale for assigning organizational responsibility for1 in the year prior to the budget fiscal year1 each initiated project1 program1 and mission focused on research and development of advanced technologies for human space exploration4 ,,viii ,maximizing efficiency ,a ,agency information technology and cybersecurity #haa4 ,information technology governance 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall1 in a manner that reflects the unique nature of ,,nasa's mission and expertise-- 7#a7 ensure the ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer1 ,mission ,directorates1 and ,centers have appropriate roles in the management1 governance1 and oversight processes related to information technology operations and investments and information security programs for the protection of ,,nasa systems2 7#b7 ensure the ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer has the appropriate resources and insight to oversee ,,nasa information technology and information security operations and investments2 7#c7 provide an information technology program management framework to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of information technology investments1 including relying on metrics for identifying and reducing potential duplication1 waste1 and cost2 7#d7 improve the operational linkage between the ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer and each ,,nasa mission directorate1 center1 and mission support office to ensure both agency and mission needs are considered in agency-wide information technology and information security management and oversight2 7#e7 review the portfolio of information technology investments and spending1 including information technology-related investments included as part of activities within ,,nasa mission directorates that may not be considered information technology1 to ensure investments are recognized and reported appropriately based on guidance from the ,office of ,management and ,budget2 7#f7 consider appropriate revisions to the charters of information technology boards and councils that inform information technology investment and operation decisions2 and 7#g7 consider whether the ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer should have a seat on any boards or councils described in paragraph 7#f74 7b7 ,,gao study 7#a7 ,study ,the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of the ,administration's ,information ,technology ,governance in ensuring information technology resources are aligned with agency missions and are cost effective and secure4 7#b7 ,contents ,the study shall include an assessment of-- 7,a7 the resources available for overseeing ,administration-wide information technology operations1 investments1 and security measures and the ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer's visibility and involvement into information technology oversight and access to those resources2 7,b7 the effectiveness and challenges of the ,administration's information technology structure1 decision making processes and authorities1 including impacts on its ability to implement information security2 and 7,c7 the impact of ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer approval authority over information technology investments that exceed a defined monetary threshold1 including any potential impacts of such authority on the ,administration's missions1 flights programs and projects1 research activities1 and ,center operations4 7#c7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report detailing the results of the study under paragraph 7#a71 including any recommendations4 #hab4 ,information technology strategic plan 7a7 ,in general ,subject to subsection 7b71 the ,administrator shall develop an information technology strategic plan to guide ,,nasa information technology management and strategic objectives4 7b7 ,requirements ,in developing the strategic plan1 the ,administrator shall ensure that the strategic plan addresses-- 7#a7 the deadline under section #cjf7;a7 of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code2 and 7#b7 the requirements under section #cejf of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,contents ,the strategic plan shall address1 in a manner that reflects the unique nature of ,,nasa's mission and expertise-- 7#a7 near and long-term goals and objectives for leveraging information technology2 7#b7 a plan for how ,,nasa will submit to ,congress of a list of information technology projects1 including completion dates and risk level in accordance with guidance from the ,office of ,management and ,budget2 7#c7 an implementation overview for an agency-wide approach to information technology investments and operations1 including reducing barriers to cross-center collaboration2 7#d7 coordination by the ,,nasa ,chief ,information ,officer with centers and mission directorates to ensure that information technology policies are effectively and efficiently implemented across the agency2 7#e7 a plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of information technology investments1 including a description of how unnecessarily duplicative1 wasteful1 legacy1 or outdated information technology across ,,nasa will be identified and eliminated1 and a schedule for the identification and elimination of such information technology2 7#f7 a plan for improving the information security of agency information and agency information systems1 including improving security control assessments and role-based security training of employees2 and 7#g7 submission by ,,nasa to ,congress of information regarding high risk projects and cybersecurity risks4 7d7 ,congressional oversight ,the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the strategic plan under subsection 7a7 and any updates thereto4 #hac4 ,cybersecurity 7a7 ,finding ,congress finds that the security of ,,nasa information and information systems is vital to the success of the mission of the agency4 7b7 ,information security plan 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall implement the information security plan developed under paragraph 7#b7 and take such further actions as the ,administrator considers necessary to improve the information security system in accordance with this section4 7#b7 ,information security plan ,subject to paragraphs 7#c7 and 7#d71 the ,administrator shall develop an agency-wide information security plan to enhance information security for ,,nasa information and information infrastructure4 7#c7 ,requirements ,in developing the plan under paragraph 7#b71 the ,administrator shall ensure that the plan-- 7,a7 reflects the unique nature of ,,nasa's mission and expertise2 7,b7 is informed by policies1 standards1 guidelines1 and directives on information security required for ,federal agencies2 7,c7 is consistent with the standards and guidelines under section #aacca of title #dj1 ,united ,states ,code2 and 7,d7 meets applicable ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology information security standards and guidelines4 7#d7 ,contents ,the plan shall address-- 7,a7 an overview of the requirements of the information security system2 7,b7 an agency-wide risk management framework for information security2 7,c7 a description of the information security system management controls and common controls that are necessary to ensure compliance with information security-related requirements2 7,d7 an identification and assignment of roles1 responsibilities1 and management commitment for information security at the agency2 7,e7 coordination among organizational entities1 including between each center1 facility1 mission directorate1 and mission support office1 and among agency entities responsible for different aspects of information security2 7,f7 the need to protect the information security of mission-critical systems and activities and high-impact and moderate-impact information systems2 and 7,g7 a schedule of frequent reviews and updates1 as necessary1 of the plan4 #had4 ,security management of foreign national access ,the ,administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of ,congress when the agency has implemented the information technology security recommendations from the ,national ,academy of ,public ,administration on foreign national access management1 based on reports from ,january #bjad and ,march #bjaf4 #hae4 ,cybersecurity of web applications ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall1 in a manner that reflects the unique nature of ,,nasa's mission and expertise-- 7#a7 develop a plan1 including such actions and milestones as are necessary1 to fully remediate security vulnerabilities of ,,nasa web applications within a timely fashion after discovery2 and 7#b7 provide an update on its plan to implement the recommendation from the ,,nasa ,inspector ,general in the audit report dated ,july #aj1 #bjad1 7,,ig-#ad-jbc7 to remove from the ,internet or otherwise secure all ,,nasa web applications in development or testing mode4 ,b ,collaboration among mission directorates and other matters #hba4 ,collaboration among mission directorates ,the ,administrator shall encourage an interdisciplinary approach among all ,,nasa mission directorates and divisions1 whenever appropriate1 for projects or missions-- 7#a7 to improve coordination1 and encourage collaboration and early planning on scope2 7#b7 to determine areas of overlap or alignment2 7#c7 to find ways to leverage across divisional perspectives to maximize outcomes2 and 7#d7 to be more efficient with resources and funds4 #hbb4 ,,nasa launch capabilities collaboration 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,the ,launch ,services ,program is responsible for the acquisition1 management1 and technical oversight of commercial launch services for ,,nasa's science and robotic missions4 7#b7 ,the ,commercial ,crew ,program is responsible for the acquisition1 management1 and technical oversight of commercial crew transportation systems4 7#c7 ,the ,launch ,services ,program and ,commercial ,crew ,program have worked together to gain exceptional technical insight into the contracted launch service providers that are common to both programs4 7#d7 ,the ,launch ,services ,program has a long history of oversight of #ab different launch vehicles and over #hj launches4 7#e7 ,co-location of the ,launch ,services ,program and ,commercial ,crew ,program has enabled the ,commercial ,crew ,program to efficiently obtain the launch vehicle technical expertise of and provide engineering and analytical support to the ,commercial ,crew ,program4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,launch ,services ,program and ,commercial ,crew ,program each benefit from communication and coordination of launch manifests1 technical information1 and common launch vehicle insight between the programs2 and 7#b7 such communication and coordination is enabled by the co-location of the programs4 7c7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall pursue a strategy for acquisition of crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch services that continues to enhance communication1 collaboration1 and coordination between the ,launch ,services ,program and the ,commercial ,crew ,program4 #hbc4 ,detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,a #bjab investigation by the ,committee on ,armed ,services of the ,senate of counterfeit electronic parts in the ,department of ,defense supply chain from #bjji through #bjaj uncovered #a1hjj cases and over #a1jjj1jjj counterfeit parts and exposed the threat such counterfeit parts pose to service members and national security4 7#b7 ,since #bjaj1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states has identified in #c separate reports the risks and challenges associated with counterfeit parts and counterfeit prevention at both the ,department of ,defense and ,,nasa1 including inconsistent definitions of counterfeit parts1 poorly targeted quality control practices1 and potential barriers to improvements to these practices4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the presence of counterfeit electronic parts in the ,,nasa supply chain poses a danger to ,united ,states government astronauts1 crew1 and other personnel and a risk to the agency overall4 7c7 ,regulations 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall revise the ,,nasa ,supplement to the ,federal ,acquisition ,regulation to improve the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts in the supply chain4 7#b7 ,contractor responsibilities ,in revising the regulations under paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 require each covered contractor-- 7i7 to detect and avoid the use or inclusion of any counterfeit parts in electronic parts or products that contain electronic parts2 7ii7 to take such corrective actions as the ,administrator considers necessary to remedy the use or inclusion described in clause 7i72 and 7iii7 including a subcontractor1 to notify the applicable ,,nasa contracting officer not later than #cj calendar days after the date the covered contractor becomes aware1 or has reason to suspect1 that any end item1 component1 part or material contained in supplies purchased by ,,nasa1 or purchased by a covered contractor or subcontractor for delivery to1 or on behalf of1 ,,nasa1 contains a counterfeit electronic part or suspect counterfeit electronic part2 and 7,b7 prohibit the cost of counterfeit electronic parts1 suspect counterfeit electronic parts1 and any corrective action described under subparagraph 7,a77ii7 from being included as allowable costs under agency contracts1 unless-- 7i7 7,i7 the covered contractor has an operational system to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts that has been reviewed and approved by ,,nasa or the ,department of ,defense2 and 7,,ii7 the covered contractor has provided the notice under subparagraph 7,a77iii72 or 7ii7 the counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts were provided to the covered contractor as ,government property in accordance with part #de of the ,federal ,acquisition ,regulation4 7#c7 ,suppliers of electronic parts ,in revising the regulations under paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 require ,,nasa and covered contractors1 including subcontractors1 at all tiers-- 7i7 to obtain electronic parts that are in production or currently available in stock from-- 7,i7 the original manufacturers of the parts or their authorized dealers2 or 7,,ii7 suppliers who obtain such parts exclusively from the original manufacturers of the parts or their authorized dealers2 and 7ii7 to obtain electronic parts that are not in production or currently available in stock from suppliers that meet qualification requirements established under subparagraph 7,c72 7,b7 establish documented requirements consistent with published industry standards or ,government contract requirements for-- 7i7 notification of the agency2 and 7ii7 inspection1 testing1 and authentication of electronic parts that ,,nasa or a covered contractor1 including a subcontractor1 obtains from any source other than a source described in subparagraph 7,a72 7,c7 establish qualification requirements1 consistent with the requirements of section #bcai of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code1 pursuant to which ,,nasa may identify suppliers that have appropriate policies and procedures in place to detect and avoid counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts2 and 7,d7 authorize a covered contractor1 including a subcontractor1 to identify and use additional suppliers beyond those identified under subparagraph 7,c7 if-- 7i7 the standards and processes for identifying such suppliers comply with established industry standards2 7ii7 the covered contractor assumes responsibility for the authenticity of parts provided by such suppliers under paragraph 7#b72 and 7iii7 the selection of such suppliers is subject to review and audit by ,,nasa4 7d7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,covered contractor ,the term covered contractor means a contractor that supplies an electronic part1 or a product that contains an electronic part1 to ,,nasa4 7#b7 ,electronic part ,the term electronic part means a discrete electronic component1 including a microcircuit1 transistor1 capacitor1 resistor1 or diode1 that is intended for use in a safety or mission critical application4 #hbd4 ,education and outreach 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 ,united ,states competitiveness in the #bast century requires engaging the science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics 7referred to in this section as ,,stem7 talent in all ,states2 7#b7 the ,administration is uniquely positioned to educate and inspire students and the broader public on ,,stem subjects and careers2 7#c7 the ,administration's ,education and ,communication ,offices1 ,mission ,directorates1 and ,centers have been effective in delivering educational content because of the strong engagement of ,administration scientists and engineers in the ,administration's education and outreach activities2 7#d7 the ,administration's education and outreach programs1 including the ,experimental ,program to ,stimulate ,competitive ,research 7,e,p,s,co,r7 and the ,space ,grant ,college and ,fellowship ,program1 reflect the ,administration's successful commitment to growing and diversifying the national science and engineering workforce2 and 7#e7 in order to grow and diversify the ,nation's engineering workforce1 it is vital for the ,administration to bolster programs1 such as ,high ,schools ,united with ,,nasa to ,create ,hardware 7,,hunch7 program1 that conduct outreach activities to underserved rural communities1 vocational schools1 and tribal colleges and universities and encourage new participation in the ,,stem workforce4 7b7 ,continuation of education and outreach activities and programs 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall continue engagement with the public and education opportunities for students via all the ,administration's mission directorates to the maximum extent practicable4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #fj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the ,administration's near-term outreach plans for advancing space law education4 #hbe4 ,leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities across mission directorates 7a7 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,refueling and relocating aging satellites to extend their operational lifetimes is a capacity that ,,nasa will substantially benefit from and is important for lowering the costs of ongoing scientific1 national security1 and commercial satellite operations4 7#b7 ,the technologies involved in satellite servicing1 such as dexterous robotic arms1 propellant transfer systems1 and solar electric propulsion1 are all critical capabilities to support a human exploration mission to ,mars4 7b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 satellite servicing is a vital capability that will bolster the capacity and affordability of ,,nasa's ongoing scientific and human exploration operations while simultaneously enhancing the ability of domestic companies to compete in the global marketplace2 and 7#b7 future ,,nasa satellites and spacecraft across mission directorates should be constructed in a manner that allows for servicing in order to maximize operational longevity and affordability4 7c7 ,leveraging of capabilities ,the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 identify orbital assets in both the ,science ,mission ,directorate and the ,human ,exploration and ,operations ,mission ,directorate that could benefit from satellite servicing-related technologies2 and 7#b7 work across all ,,nasa mission directorates to evaluate opportunities for the private sector to perform such services or advance technical capabilities by leveraging the technologies and techniques developed by ,,nasa programs and other industry programs4 #hbf4 ,flight opportunities 7a7 ,development of payloads 7#a7 ,in general ,in order to conduct necessary research1 the ,administrator shall continue and1 as the ,administrator considers appropriate1 expand the development of technology payloads for-- 7,a7 scientific research2 and 7,b7 investigating new or improved capabilities4 7#b7 ,funds ,for the purpose of carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall make funds available for-- 7,a7 flight testing2 7,b7 payload development2 and 7,c7 hardware related to subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b74 7b7 ,reaffirmation of policy ,congress reaffirms that the ,administrator should provide flight opportunities for payloads to microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes as authorized by section #ijg of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahdje74 #hbg4 ,sense of ,congress on small class launch missions ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 ,venture ,class ,launch ,services contracts awarded under the ,launch ,services ,program will expand opportunities for future dedicated launches of ,cube,sats and other small satellites and small orbital science missions2 and 7#b7 principal investigator-led small orbital science missions1 including ,cube,sat class1 ,small ,explorer 7,,smex7 class1 and ,venture class1 offer valuable opportunities to advance science at low cost1 train the next generation of scientists and engineers1 and enable participants to acquire skills in systems engineering and systems integration that are critical to maintaining the ,nation's leadership in space and to enhancing ,united ,states innovation and competitiveness abroad4 #hbh4 ,baseline and cost controls ,section #cjajd7;a77#a7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by striking ,procedural ,requirements #gabj4e;c1 dated ,march #bb1 #bjje and inserting ,procedural ,requirements #gabj4e;,e1 dated ,august #ad1 #bjab4 #hbi4 ,commercial technology transfer program ,section #ejaaf7;a7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by inserting 1 while protecting national security after research community4 #hcj4 ,avoiding organizational conflicts of interest in major administration acquisition programs 7a7 ,revised regulations required ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall revise the ,administration ,supplement to the ,federal ,acquisition ,regulation to provide uniform guidance and recommend revised requirements for organizational conflicts of interest by contractors in major acquisition programs in order to address the elements identified in subsection 7b74 7b7 ,elements ,the revised regulations under subsection 7a7 shall1 at a minimum-- 7#a7 address organizational conflicts of interest that could potentially arise as a result of-- 7,a7 lead system integrator contracts on major acquisition programs and contracts that follow lead system integrator contracts on such programs1 particularly contracts for production2 7,b7 the ownership of business units performing systems engineering and technical assistance functions1 professional services1 or management support services in relation to major acquisition programs by contractors who simultaneously own business units competing to perform as either the prime contractor or the supplier of a major subsystem or component for such programs2 7,c7 the award of major subsystem contracts by a prime contractor for a major acquisition program to business units or other affiliates of the same parent corporate entity1 and particularly the award of subcontracts for software integration or the development of a proprietary software system architecture2 or 7,d7 the performance by1 or assistance of1 contractors in technical evaluations on major acquisition programs2 7#b7 require the ,administration to request advice on systems architecture and systems engineering matters with respect to major acquisition programs from objective sources independent of the prime contractor2 7#c7 require that a contract for the performance of systems engineering and technical assistance functions for a major acquisition program contains a provision prohibiting the contractor or any affiliate of the contractor from participating as a prime contractor or a major subcontractor in the development of a system under the program2 and 7#d7 establish such limited exceptions to the requirement in paragraphs 7#b7 and 7#c7 as the ,administrator considers necessary to ensure that the ,administration has continued access to advice on systems architecture and systems engineering matters from highly qualified contractors with domain experience and expertise1 while ensuring that such advice comes from sources that are objective and unbiased4 #hca4 ,protection of ,apollo landing sites 7a7 ,assessment ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 in consultation with relevant ,federal agencies and stakeholders1 shall assess the issues relating to protecting and preserving historically important ,apollo ,program lunar landing sites and ,apollo program artifacts residing on the lunar surface1 including those pertaining to ,apollo #aa and ,apollo #ag4 7b7 ,contents ,in conducting the assessment1 the ,director shall include-- 7#a7 a determination of what risks to the protection and preservation of those sites and artifacts exist or may exist in the future2 7#b7 a determination of what measures are required to ensure such protection and preservation2 7#c7 a determination of the extent to which additional domestic legislation or international treaties or agreements will be required2 and 7#d7 specific recommendations for protecting and preserving those lunar landing sites and artifacts4 7c7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,director shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the results of the assessment4 #hcb4 ,,nasa lease of non-excess property ,section #bjade7;g7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by striking #aj years after ,december #bf1 #bjjg and inserting ,december #ca1 #bjah4 #hcc4 ,termination liability ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,,iss1 the ,space ,launch ,system1 and the ,orion will enable the ,nation to continue operations in low-,earth orbit and to send its astronauts to deep space2 7#b7 the ,james ,webb ,space ,telescope will revolutionize our understanding of star and planet formation and how galaxies evolved1 and will advance the search for the origins of our universe2 7#c7 as a result of their unique capabilities and their critical contribution to the future of space exploration1 these systems have been designated by ,congress and the ,administration as priority investments2 7#d7 contractors are currently holding program funding1 estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars1 to cover the potential termination liability should the ,government choose to terminate a program for convenience2 7#e7 as a result1 hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars are unavailable for meaningful work on these programs2 7#f7 according to the ,government ,accountability ,office1 the ,administration procures most of its goods and services through contracts1 and it terminates very few of them2 7#g7 in fiscal year #bjaj1 the ,administration terminated #bh of #af1cdc active contracts and orders1 a termination rate of about #j4ag percent2 and 7#h7 the ,administration should vigorously pursue a policy on termination liability that maximizes the utilization of its appropriated funds to make maximum progress in meeting established technical goals and schedule milestones on these high-priority programs4 #hcd4 ,independent reviews ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report describing-- 7#a7 the ,administration's procedures for conducting independent reviews of projects and programs at lifecycle milestones2 7#b7 how the ,administration ensures the independence of the individuals who conduct those reviews prior to their assignment2 7#c7 the internal and external entities independent of project and program management that conduct reviews of projects and programs at life cycle milestones2 and 7#d7 how the ,administration ensures the independence of such entities and their members4 #hce4 ,,nasa ,advisory ,council 7a7 ,assessment ,the ,administrator shall enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academy of ,public ,administration to assess the effectiveness of the ,,nasa ,advisory ,council and to make recommendations to ,congress for any change to-- 7#a7 the functions of the ,council2 7#b7 the appointment of members to the ,council2 7#c7 the qualifications for members of the ,council2 7#d7 the duration of terms of office for members of the ,council2 7#e7 the frequency of meetings of the ,council2 7#f7 the structure of leadership and ,committees of the ,council2 and 7#g7 the levels of professional staffing for the ,council4 7b7 ,considerations ,in carrying out the assessment under subsection 7a71 the ,national ,academy of ,public ,administration shall-- 7#a7 consider the impacts of broadening the ,council's role to include providing consultation and advice to ,congress under section #bjaac7;g7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code2 7#b7 consider the past activities of the ,council and the activities of other analogous ,federal advisory bodies2 and 7#c7 any other issues that the ,national ,academy of ,public ,administration determines could potentially impact the effectiveness of the ,council4 7c7 ,report ,the ,national ,academy of ,public ,administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the results of the assessment1 including any recommendations4 7d7 ,consultation and advice 7#a7 ,in general ,section #bjaac7;g7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by inserting and ,congress after advice to the ,administration4 7#b7 ,sunset ,effective ,september #cj1 #bjag1 section #bjaac7;g7 of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended by striking and ,congress4 #hcf4 ,cost estimation 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 realistic cost estimating is critically important to the ultimate success of major space development projects2 and 7#b7 the ,administration has devoted significant efforts over the past #e years to improving its cost estimating capabilities1 but it is important that the ,administration continue its efforts to develop and implement guidance in establishing realistic cost estimates4 7b7 ,guidance and criteria ,the ,administrator shall provide to its acquisition programs and projects1 in a manner consistent with the ,administration's ,space ,flight ,program and ,project ,management ,requirements-- 7#a7 guidance on when to use an ,independent ,cost ,estimate and ,independent ,cost ,assessment2 and 7#b7 criteria to use to make a determination under paragraph 7#a74 #hcg4 ,facilities and infrastructure 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,administration must address1 mitigate1 and reverse1 where possible1 the deterioration of its facilities and infrastructure1 as their condition is hampering the effectiveness and efficiency of research performed by both the ,administration and industry participants making use of ,administration facilities1 thus harming the competitiveness of the ,united ,states aerospace industry2 7#b7 the ,administration has a role in providing laboratory capabilities to industry participants that are not economically viable as commercial entities and thus are not available elsewhere2 7#c7 to ensure continued access to reliable and efficient world-class facilities by researchers1 the ,administration should establish strategic partnerships with other ,federal agencies1 ,state agencies1 ,,faa-licensed spaceports1 institutions of higher education1 and industry1 as appropriate2 and 7#d7 decisions on whether to dispose of1 maintain1 or modernize existing facilities must be made in the context of meeting ,administration and other needs1 including those required to meet the activities supporting the human exploration roadmap under section #dcb of this ,act1 considering other national laboratory needs as the ,administrator deems appropriate4 7b7 ,policy ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states that the ,administration maintain reliable and efficient facilities and infrastructure and that decisions on whether to dispose of1 maintain1 or modernize existing facilities or infrastructure be made in the context of meeting future ,administration needs4 7c7 ,plan 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall develop a facilities and infrastructure plan4 7#b7 ,goal ,the goal of the plan is to position the ,administration to have the facilities and infrastructure1 including laboratories1 tools1 and approaches1 necessary to meet future ,administration and other ,federal agencies' laboratory needs4 7#c7 ,contents ,the plan shall identify-- 7,a7 current ,administration and other ,federal agency laboratory needs2 7,b7 future ,administration research and development and testing needs2 7,c7 a strategy for identifying facilities and infrastructure that are candidates for disposal1 that is consistent with the national strategic direction set forth in-- 7i7 the ,national ,space ,policy2 7ii7 the ,national ,aeronautics ,research1 ,development1 ,test1 and ,evaluation ,infrastructure ,plan2 7iii7 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-aee2 #aai ,stat4 #bhie71 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjjh 7,public ,law #aaj-dbb2 #abb ,stat4 #dggi71 and ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcja et seq472 and 7iv7 the human exploration roadmap under section #dcb of this ,act2 7,d7 a strategy for the maintenance1 repair1 upgrading1 and modernization of ,administration facilities and infrastructure1 including laboratories and equipment2 7,e7 criteria for-- 7i7 prioritizing deferred maintenance tasks2 7ii7 maintaining1 repairing1 upgrading1 or modernizing ,administration facilities and infrastructure2 and 7iii7 implementing processes1 plans1 and policies for guiding the ,administration's ,centers on whether to maintain1 repair1 upgrade1 or modernize a facility or infrastructure and for determining the type of instrument to be used2 7,f7 an assessment of modifications needed to maximize usage of facilities that offer unique and highly specialized benefits to the aerospace industry and the ,american public2 and 7,g7 implementation steps1 including a timeline1 milestones1 and an estimate of resources required for carrying out the plan4 7d7 ,requirement to establish policy 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall establish and make publicly available a policy that guides the ,administration's use of existing authorities to out-grant1 lease1 excess to the ,general ,services ,administration1 sell1 decommission1 demolish1 or otherwise transfer property1 facilities1 or infrastructure4 7#b7 ,criteria ,the policy shall include criteria for the use of authorities1 best practices1 standardized procedures1 and guidelines for how to appropriately manage property1 facilities1 and infrastructure4 7e7 ,submission to ,congress ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the plan developed under subsection 7c74 #hch4 ,human space flight accident investigations ,section #gjgjb of title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7a77#c7 to read as follows3 7#c7 any other orbital or suborbital space vehicle carrying humans that is-- 7,a7 owned by the ,federal ,government2 or 7,b7 being used pursuant to a contract or ,space ,act ,agreement with the ,federal ,government for carrying a government astronaut or a researcher funded by the ,federal ,government2 or 2 and 7#b7 by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,government astronaut ,the term government astronaut has the meaning given the term in section #ejijb4 7#b7 ,space ,act ,agreement ,the term ,space ,act ,agreement means an agreement entered into by the ,administration pursuant to its other transactions authority under section #bjaac7;e74 4 #hci4 ,orbital debris 7a7 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 orbital debris poses serious risks to the operational space capabilities of the ,united ,states2 7#b7 an international commitment and integrated strategic plan are needed to mitigate the growth of orbital debris wherever possible2 and 7#c7 the delay in the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy's submission of a report on the status of international coordination and development of orbital debris mitigation strategies is inconsistent with such risks4 7b7 ,reports 7#a7 ,coordination ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the status of efforts to coordinate with foreign countries within the ,inter-,agency ,space ,debris ,coordination ,committee to mitigate the effects and growth of orbital debris under section #abjb7;b77#a7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahdda7;b77#a774 7#b7 ,mitigation strategy ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the status of the orbital debris mitigation strategy required under section #abjb7;b77#b7 of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration ,authorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahdda7;b77#b774 #hdj4 ,review of orbital debris removal concepts 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 orbital debris in low-,earth orbit poses significant risks to spacecraft2 7#b7 such orbital debris may increase due to collisions between existing debris objects2 and 7#c7 understanding options to address and remove orbital debris is important for ensuring safe and effective spacecraft operations in low-,earth orbit4 7b7 ,review 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator-- 7,a7 in collaboration with the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall solicit and review concepts and options for removing orbital debris from low-,earth orbit2 and 7,b7 shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the solicitation and review under subparagraph 7,a71 including recommendations on the best options for decreasing the risks associated with orbital debris4 7#b7 ,requirements ,the solicitation and review under paragraph 7#a7 shall address the requirements for and feasibility of developing and implementing each of the options4 #hda4 ,space ,act ,agreements 7a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that1 when used appropriately1 ,space ,act ,agreements can provide significant value in furtherance of ,,nasa's mission4 7b7 ,funded ,space ,act ,agreements ,to the extent appropriate1 the ,administrator shall seek to maximize the value of contributions provided by other parties under a funded ,space ,act ,agreement in order to advance ,,nasa's mission4 7c7 ,non-exclusivity 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall1 to the greatest extent practicable1 issue each ,space ,act ,agreement-- 7,a7 except as provided in paragraph 7#b71 on a nonexclusive basis2 7,b7 in a manner that ensures all non-government parties have equal access to ,,nasa resources2 and 7,c7 exercising reasonable care not to reveal unique or proprietary information4 7#b7 ,exclusivity ,if the ,administrator determines an exclusive arrangement is necessary1 the ,administrator shall1 to the greatest extent practicable1 issue the ,space ,act ,agreement-- 7,a7 utilizing a competitive selection process when exclusive arrangements are necessary2 and 7,b7 pursuant to public announcements when exclusive arrangements are necessary4 7d7 ,transparency ,the ,administrator shall publicly disclose on the ,administration's website and make available in a searchable format each ,space ,act ,agreement1 including an estimate of committed ,,nasa resources and the expected benefits to agency objectives for each agreement1 with appropriate redactions for proprietary1 sensitive1 or classified information1 not later than #fj days after such agreement is signed by the parties4 7e7 ,annual reports 7#a7 ,requirement ,not later than #ij days after the end of each fiscal year1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the use of ,space ,act ,agreement authority by the ,administration during the previous fiscal year4 7#b7 ,contents ,the report shall include for each ,space ,act ,agreement in effect at the time of the report-- 7,a7 an indication of whether the agreement is a reimbursable1 non-reimbursable1 or funded ,space ,act ,agreement2 7,b7 a description of-- 7i7 the subject and terms2 7ii7 the parties2 7iii7 the responsible-- 7,i7 ,mission ,directorate2 7,,ii7 ,center2 or 7,,iii7 headquarters element2 7iv7 the value2 7v7 the extent of the cost sharing among ,federal ,government and non-,federal sources2 7vi7 the time period or schedule2 and 7vii7 all milestones2 and 7,c7 an indication of whether the agreement was renewed during the previous fiscal year4 7#c7 ,anticipated agreements ,the report shall include a list of all anticipated reimbursable1 non-reimbursable1 and funded ,space ,act ,agreements for the upcoming fiscal year4 7#d7 ,cumulative program benefits ,the report shall include1 with respect to each ,space ,act ,agreement covered by the report1 a summary of-- 7,a7 the technology areas in which research projects were conducted under that agreement2 7,b7 the extent to which the use of that agreement-- 7i7 has contributed to a broadening of the technology and industrial base available for meeting ,administration needs2 and 7ii7 has fostered within the technology and industrial base new relationships and practices that support the ,united ,states2 and 7,c7 the total amount of value received by the ,federal ,government during the fiscal year under that agreement4