,,ii #aae? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #cggc ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,decemb] #ah1 #bjah ,mr4 ,book] introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to require review & approval = future rese>* on nonhuman primates1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,primate ,protection & ,rese>* ,mod]nization ,act ( #bjah4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t-- 7#a7 num]\s rec5t high-pr(ile rese>* /udies involv+ nonhuman primates1 bo? 9 private & gov]nm5t facilities1 raise s]i\s conc]ns ab\t animal welf>e1 gov]nm5t wa/e1 & ! sci5tific validity ( ! /udies2 7#b7 mo/ nonhuman primates us$ 9 rese>* are own$ or f9ancially support$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2 7#c7 nonhuman primates are highly intellig5t & social animals1 & mo/ rese>* laboratory environm5ts d n meet ! complex physical1 social1 & psy*ological ne$s ( nonhuman primates2 7#d7 ! ,in/itute ( ,m$ic9e & ,national ,rese>* ,c\ncil report entitl$ ,*impanzees 9 ,biom$ical & ,behavioral ,rese>* conclud$ t :ile ! *impanzee has be5 a valuable rese>* model 9 ! pa/1 mo/ curr5t uses ( *impanzees are unnecess>y2 7#e7 ! conc]ns relat+ to ! sci5tific validity ( us+ *impanzees to model human disease are magnifi$ 9 ! case ( rese>* involv+ o!r nonhuman primates1 ) :om humans are ev5 less g5etically & morphologically simil>2 7#f7 nonhuman primate rese>* is v (t5 n effective 9 lead+ to treatm5ts = humans1 z demon/rat$ by high failure rates = new drugs & ! nonreproducibility ( precl9ical rese>* results2 7#g7 alt]natives to nonhuman primate rese>* su* z organs-on-*ips te*nology & comput] model+ are n[ available2 & 7#h7 nonhuman primates %\ld only be us$ 9 rese>* to fulfill an important public heal? objective & if no alt]native rese>* me?od exi/s4 #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,active protocol ,! t]m active protocol means a valid1 non-expir$ exp]im5tal plan approv$ by ! animal use committee ( a rese>* in/itution4 7#b7 ,e?ologically appropriate environm5t ,! t]m e?ologically appropriate environm5t means a set ( species-specific /&>ds = ! liv+ conditions = captive nonhuman primates t-- 7,a7 is in=m$ by sci5tific evid5ce & exp]tise f animal behaviori/s2 7,b7 promotes ! full range ( ! natural cognitive abilities ( ! nonhuman primate1 includ+ heal?y outlets to fulfill ne$s = inquisitiv5ess & inv5tiv5ess2 7,c7 comports ) ! natural social arrangem5ts ( ! nonhuman primate z obs]v$ 9 ! wild1 includ+ ! pres]vation ( heal?y mat]nal relation%ips1 familial gr\ps1 colonies1 & pair-bonds2 7,d7 consi/s ( a secure1 conta9$ physical habitat t1 at a m9imum-- 7i7 is suffici5tly complex & appropriately siz$ s t ! inhabitants c e/abli% & ma9ta9 /able dom9ance hi]>*ies1 includ+ ! provision ( seclud$ areas = submissive individuals to escape or hide f aggressors2 7ii7 has access to ! outdoors ) complex1 natural features & sub/rates1 su* z grass1 dirt1 mul*1 & vegetation2 7iii7 provides =ag+ opportunities & diets t are v>i$1 nutriti\s1 & *all5g+ to obta92 & 7iv7 includes n few] ?an #a climb+ /ructure ( suffici5t height & complexity su* t multiple individuals c climb or desc5d at ! same "t1 ) ! ability to re/ on sep>ate ti]s2 & 7,e7 (f]s frequ5tly *ang$ enri*m5t t provides ample opportunities = int]action1 *oice1 & self-det]m9ation4 7#c7 ,nonhuman primate ,! t]m nonhuman primate means any liv+ animal ( ! taxonomic ord] ,primates except = individuals :o belong to ! g5us ,homo4 7#d7 ,nonhuman primate rese>* ,! t]m nonhuman primate rese>* means any rese>* p]=m$ involv+ a nonhuman primate1 includ+ basic rese>*1 translational or appli$ rese>*1 obs]vational rese>* ( nonhuman primates 9 captivity1 te/+1 or o!r sci5tific proc$ures4 7#e7 ,p]son ,! t]m p]son means-- 7,a7 an individual1 corporation1 p>tn]%ip1 tru/1 association1 or any o!r private or nonpr(it entity2 7,b7 any (fic]1 employee1 ag5t1 dep>tm5t1 or in/rum5tality ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 a ,/ate1 a political subdivision ( a ,/ate1 or a unit ( local gov]nm5t2 or 7,c7 any o!r entity subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#f7 ,/&+ committee ,! t]m /&+ committee means ! committee e/abli%$ "u section #f7;a74 7#g7 ,suitable sanctu>y ,! t]m suitable sanctu>y means a nonpr(it organization t-- 7,a7 op]ates a place ( refuge :]e abus$1 neglect$1 unwant$1 imp\nd$1 ab&on$1 orphan$1 displac$1 or retir$ animals are provid$ c>e = ! lifetime ( ! animal2 7,b7 does n conduct rese>* on ! animals t involves accompany+ pa9 or di/ress2 7,c7 does n conduct any comm]cial activity ) respect to ! animals1 includ+1 at a m9imum-- 7i7 ! sale1 trade1 auction1 lease1 or loan ( animals or animal p>ts2 or 7ii7 ! use ( animals 9 any mann] 9 a =-pr(it bus9ess or op]ation2 7,d7 does n use ! animals = ent]ta9m5t purposes or 9 a travel+ exhibit2 7,e7 does n bre$ any animals1 :e!r int5tionally or by fail+ to use adequate bir? control me?ods2 7,f7 does n all[ memb]s ( ! public ! opportunity to come into physical contact ) ! animals2 & 7,g7 provides an e?ologically appropriate environm5t4 7#h7 ,sy/ematic review ,! t]m sy/ematic review means an analysis ( evid5ce t is conduct$ bas$ on a pr$et]m9$1 compreh5sive se>* /rategy1 :i* is design$-- 7,a7 to capture all appropriate /udies2 & 7,b7 to r$uce bias 9 analyz+ ! data glean$ f ^? /udies4 #d4 ,sy/ematic reviews by ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces 7a7 ,preexi/+ fields ( rese>* 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces %all conduct a sy/ematic review = ea* preexi/+ field ( rese>* 9 :i* ! field ( rese>* has conduct$ nonhuman primate rese>* to det]m9e :e!r ! nonhuman primate rese>* has1 ) respect to ! field ( rese>*-- 7,a7 an e/abli%$ hi/ory ( advanc+ t field ( rese>*2 & 7,b7 result$ 9 mean+ful cl9ical int]v5tions4 7#b7 ,cont9u$ review ,= any preexi/+ field ( rese>* = :i* a sy/ematic review "u p>agraph 7#a7 has conclud$ t ! use ( nonhuman primates meets ! requirem5ts describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( p>agraph 7#a71 a sy/ematic review %all be reconduct$ e #e ye>s4 7b7 ,new fields ( rese>* ,= any new field ( rese>* 9 :i* ! /&+ committee approves ! use ( nonhuman primates1 ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces %all1 on reque/ ( ! /&+ committee1 conduct a sy/ematic review to det]m9e :e!r ! nonhuman primate rese>* has-- 7#a7 advanc$ t field ( rese>*2 & 7#b7 result$ 9 mean+ful cl9ical int]v5tions4 #e4 ,prohibitions 7a7 ,prohibit$ nonhuman primate rese>* 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject to p>agraph 7#b71 no p]son %all p]=m any nonhuman primate rese>* unless t p]son has receiv$ prior approval = ! nonhuman primate rese>* f ! /&+ committee4 7#b7 ,exception ,dur+ ! p]iod end+ on ! date t is #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! prohibition "u p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 %all n apply to any active protocol comm5c$ prior to ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 b 7,b7 %all apply to any r5ewal ( an active protocol4 7b7 ,prohibition on =eign grants ,no ,f$]al funds may be aw>d$ to a =eign organization or entity-- 7#a7 to support nonhuman primate rese>*2 or 7#b7 to support an entity conduct+ nonhuman primate rese>*4 7c7 ,re/riction on dome/ic aw>ds 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no ,f$]al funds may be aw>d$ to any dome/ic organization to support nonhuman primate rese>* unless ! nonhuman primate rese>* has receiv$ prior approval f ! /&+ committee4 7#b7 ,exception ,! prohibition "u p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 %all n apply to any aw>ds or funds allocat$ prior to ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 b 7,b7 %all apply to any r5ewal ( a nonhuman primate rese>* project fund$ prior to ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 7d7 ,consum] products ,nonhuman primate rese>* = consum] goods & products1 includ+ nonhuman primate rese>* to comp>e #a consum] product ) ano!r consum] product = m>ket+ purposes1 is prohibit$4 7e7 ,transf] ( own]%ip prohibit$ ,no ,f$]al ag5cy may transf] own]%ip ( a nonhuman primate to a non-,f$]al entity unless ! non-,f$]al entity is a suitable sanctu>y4 7f7 ,exemptions ,no?+ 9 ?is section limits or prev5ts-- 7#a7 individualiz$ m$ical c>e p]=m$ on a nonhuman primate by a lic5s$ vet]9>ian or physician conduct$ = ! well-be+ ( ! individual nonhuman primate1 includ+ a surgical proc$ure or a *emical treatm5t = bir? control2 or 7#b7 ! collection ( biological samples to fur!r ! well-be+ ( an individual nonhuman primate or a social gr\p ( nonhuman primates4 #f4 ,/&+ committee 7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices %all conv5e a /&+ committee to assess proposals = new nonhuman primate rese>*1 9 accordance ) ! crit]ia describ$ 9 subsection 7c74 7b7 ,composition 7#a7 ,def9ition ( advanc$ exp]tise 9 nonanimal rese>* me?ods ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m advanc$ exp]tise 9 nonanimal rese>* me?ods1 ) respect to an individual1 means t n less ?an #ej p]c5t ( ! body ( "w ( ! individual is complet$ us+ nonanimal rese>* me?odologies4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,) respect to ! memb]%ip ( ! /&+ committee-- 7,a7 #a_/d %all be ,f$]al employees ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,vet]ans ,affairs1 or ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se2 7,b7 #a_/d %all be e?ologi/s or o!r individuals :o h exp]tise 9 ! behavioral & psy*ological ne$s ( nonhuman primates1 b d n use or directly b5efit f ! use ( nonhuman primates 9 invasive exp]im5tation2 7,c7 #a_/d %all be individuals :o h advanc$ exp]tise 9 nonanimal rese>* me?ods2 7,d7 #a_/h %all be cl9icians actively treat+ human pati5ts2 & 7,e7 #a_/h %all be individuals :o repres5t ! int]e/s ( ! nonhuman primates4 7c7 ,crit]ia = approval ( rese>* ,! /&+ committee may n approve any nonhuman primate rese>* unless-- 7#a7 ! /&+ committee det]m9es t-- 7,a7 ! rese>* is = ! prev5tion1 diagnosis1 or treatm5t ( debilitat+ or life-?reat5+ cl9ical conditions 9 human be+s2 7,b7 no alt]native rese>* me?od exi/s2 & 7,c7 ! nonhuman primates w be h\s$ 9 an e?ologically appropriate environm5t2 & 7#b7 if ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces has comm5c$ a sy/ematic review "u section #d = ! field ( rese>* 9 :i* ! use ( a nonhuman primate is be+ propos$1 ! sy/ematic review conclud$ t ! use ( nonhuman primates meets ! requirem5ts describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( section #d7;a77#a74 #g4 ,fund+ consid]ations ,all ,f$]al fund+ = nonhuman primate rese>* provid$ aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all include fund+ = ! ev5tual retirem5t ( ! nonhuman primates us$ 9 ! fund$ projects to a suitable sanctu>y4 #h4 ,p5alties & en=cem5t 7a7 ,civil f9es ,any p]son :o violates ?is ,act may be assess$ a civil p5alty ( up to #aj1jjj p] nonhuman primate1 p] violation1 p] day4 7b7 ,ineligibility = ,f$]al funds ,any p]son :o violates ?is ,act %all be p]man5tly preclud$ f receiv+ ,f$]al rese>* funds4 7c7 ,di/rict c\rt jurisdiction ,! di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h jurisdiction ov] any actions aris+ "u ?is ,act4 7d7 ,rew>ds & c]ta9 incid5tal exp5ses 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all pay1 f sums receiv$ z f9es = any violation ( ?is ,act1 a rew>d to any p]son :o furni%es in=mation t leads to a civil f9e4 7#b7 ,am\nt ,! am\nt ( ! rew>d is to be det]m9$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al4 7e7 ,en=cem5t 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,?is ,act %all be en=c$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al4 7#b7 ,w>rants ,! judges ( ! di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! magi/rate judges may1 )9 _! respective jurisdictions1 on prop] oa? or affirmation %[+ probable cause1 issue any w>rants or o!r process z may be requir$ = en=cem5t ( ?is ,act4 7#c7 ,=feiture 7,a7 ,nonhuman primates ,any nonhuman primates us$ or held contr>y to ! provisions ( ?is ,act %all be subject to =feiture to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & %all be plac$ 9 a suitable sanctu>y4 7,b7 ,equipm5t ,any equipm5t or o!r mat]ials us$ 9 ! c\rse ( hold+ or us+ nonhuman primates contr>y to ! provisions ( ?is ,act %all be subject to =feiture to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7f7 ,citiz5 suits 7#a7 ,civil action on own behalf ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#c71 any p]son may comm5ce a civil action on 8 or h] own behalf to enjo9 any p]son1 includ+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates & any o!r gov]nm5tal in/rum5tality or ag5cy1 :o is alleg$ to be 9 violation ( any provision ( ?is ,act4 7#b7 ,civil action on behalf ( ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#c71 any p]son may comm5ce a civil action 9 ! "n ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t aga9/ any p]son1 except = ! ,unit$ ,/ates & any o!r gov]nm5tal in/rum5tality or ag5cy1 :o is alleg$ to be 9 violation ( any provision ( ?is ,act1 & may seek injunctive relief & civil f9es "u t civil action4 7,b7 ,f9es 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,a c\rt may aw>d a p]son br++ a civil action "u subp>agraph 7,a7 an am\nt t ! c\rt decides is reasonable = collect+ ! civil f9e "u subsection 7a74 7ii7 ,limitation ,! am\nt "u clause 7i7 %all be n less ?an #be p]c5t & n m ?an #cj p]c5t ( ! proce$s ( ! action or settlem5t & %all be paid out ( ^? proce$s4 7#c7 ,exceptions ,no civil action may be comm5c$ "u p>agraphs 7#a7 or 7#b7-- 7,a7 e>li] ?an ! date t is #fj days aft] ! date on :i* writt5 notice ( ! violation has be5 giv5 to-- 7i7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al2 & 7ii7 ! alleg$ violator2 or 7,b7 if ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice has comm5c$ action to impose a civil f9e "u subsection 7a74 7#d7 ,int]v5tion ,9 any suit "u ?is subsection 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n a p>ty1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may int]v5e on behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a matt] ( "r4 7#e7 ,co/s ( litigation ,! c\rt1 9 issu+ any f9al ord] 9 any suit br\ght "u ?is subsection1 may aw>d co/s ( litigation 7includ+ reasonable attorney & exp]t witness fees7 to any p>ty1 if ! c\rt det]m9es ! aw>d is appropriate4