,,ii  #aaeth ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 #cffg  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of     
,,the ,,united ,,states  ,november #bh1 
#bjah ,mr4 ,merkley 7for himself1 ,ms4  
,warren1 ,mrs4 ,gillibrand1 ,mr4        
,markey1 ,mr4 ,wyden1 ,mr4 ,sanders1 and
 ,mrs4 ,feinstein7 introduced the       
following bill2 which was read twice and
 referred to the ,committee on ,foreign 
,relations  ,a ,,bill  ,to prevent a    
nuclear arms race resulting from        
weakened international restrictions on  
the proliferation of intermediate- and  
shorter-range missiles1 and for other   
purposes4  #a4 ,short title  ,this ,act 
may be cited as the ,prevention of ,arms
 ,race ,act of #bjah4  #b4 ,findings    
,congress makes the following findings3 
7#a7 ,on ,october #bj1 #bjah1 ,president
 ,donald ,j4 ,trump announced his intent
 to withdraw the ,united ,states from   
the ,treaty between the ,united ,states 
of ,america and the ,union of ,soviet   
,socialist ,republics on the            
,elimination of ,their                  

,intermediate-,range and ,shorter-,range
 ,missiles1 together with the           
,memorandum of ,understanding and ,two  
,protocols 7commonly known as the ,,inf 
,treaty71 signed at ,washington         
,december #h1 #aihg1 and entered into   
force ,june #a1 #aihh4  7#b7 ,the       
,united ,states ,senate provided its    
advice and consent to ratification of   
the ,,inf ,treaty on ,may #bg1 #aihh1 by
 a vote of #ic to #e4  7#c7 ,the ,,inf  
,treaty permanently bans the ,united    
,states and twelve former ,soviet       
republics1 including ,russia1 ,belarus1 
,ukraine1 and ,kazakhstan1 from testing 
or possessing ground-launched cruise or 
ballistic missiles of intermediate range
 7#ejj to #e1ejj kilometers1 or roughly 
#cjj to #c1djj miles74  7#d7 ,the ,,inf 
,treaty1 signed by ,president ,ronald   
,reagan and ,soviet ,general ,secretary 
,mikhail ,gorbachev1 led to the         
elimination of entire classes of ,united
 ,states and ,russian nuclear and       
conventional ground-launched ballistic  

and cruise missiles--#b1fib in          
total--supported by on-site inspections 
that allowed both sides to trust but    
verify compliance with the ,treaty4     
7#e7 ,the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty      
,organization 7,,nato7 allies were      
deeply involved in the pursuit of       
negotiation on the ,,inf ,treaty and    
have significant national security      
interests in the ,treaty's preservation4
 ,the communique from the ,july #aa1    
#bjah1 ,,nato ,summit in ,brussels      
stated that the ,,inf ,treaty has been  
crucial to ,euro-,atlantic security4    
7#f7 ,less than one month prior to the  
announcement of the ,united ,states     
intent to withdraw from the ,,inf       
,treaty1 ,secretary of ,defense ,jim    
,mattis met with his ,,nato counterparts
 to discuss the full-range of           
diplomatic1 economic1 and               
,,inf-compliant military options to     
pressure the ,russian ,federation to    
return to compliance with the ,treaty as
 outlined in the ,trump ,administration 

,,inf ,treaty ,integrated ,strategy     
published ,december #h1 #bjag4  7#g7    
,since the ,united ,states publicly     
declared in ,july #bjad that the        
,russian ,federation was in violation of
 the ,,inf ,treaty's prohibition on     
possessing1 producing1 or flight-testing
 a ground-launched cruise missile       
7,,glcm71 which is the equivalent of the
 ,russian ,,ssc-#h missile system1 the  
,united ,states has worked with its     
,,nato allies to identify a unified     
approach on the best way forward4  7#h7 
,the ,united ,states has yet to exhaust 
diplomatic1 economic1 and military means
 to bring the ,russian ,federation back 
into compliance with the ,treaty1 and in
 #bjah alone1 the ,united ,states has   
cancelled at least two strategic        
stability dialogues planned to be       
conducted with the ,russian ,federation4
  7#i7 ,the ,united ,states withdrawal  
from the ,,inf ,treaty would allow the  
,russian ,federation to escape          
international criticism for its         

violation of the ,treaty and sow        
division among ,,nato allies at a time  
when ,alliance unity is critical to     
respond to a range of destabilizing     
actions by the ,russian ,federation4    
7#aj7 ,the ,united ,states withdrawal   
from the ,,inf ,treaty would free the   
,russian ,federation to expand          
deployment of the ,,ssc-#h missile      
system in ways that threaten ,,nato and 
,indo-,pacific allies without bearing   
any international legal cost in doing   
so4  7#aa7 ,the ,department of ,defense 
has also not yet identified the full    
estimated research1 development1        
testing1 and evaluation1 procurement1 or
 personnel costs of producing1 testing1 
and deploying a new shorter- or         
intermediate-range ground-launched      
cruise or ballistic missile currently   
prohibited by the ,,inf ,treaty4  7#ab7 
,no ,european or ,asian ally has        
publicly declared its willingness or    
readiness to host a future ,united      
,states intermediate- or shorter-range  

ground-launched cruise or ballistic     
missile currently prohibited by the     
,,inf ,treaty should the ,united ,states
 seek to deploy that capability4  7#ac7 
,the ,secretary ,general of ,,nato1     
,jens ,stoltenberg1 stated on ,november 
#ab1 #bjah1 that ,,nato has no intention
 to deploy new nuclear missiles in      
,europe1 which follows ,united ,states  
,national ,security ,advisor ,john      
,bolton's statement of ,november #i1    
#bjah1 that there are no ,american plans
 to seek to deploy ,,inf non-compliant  
missiles in ,europe for the foreseeable 
future4  7#ad7 ,any effort by the       
,united ,states ,government to proceed  
beyond research and development of an   
intermediate-range cruise or ballistic  
missile that is nuclear armed will be   
portrayed in as deeply inconsistent with
 the ,united ,states obligation under   
,article ,,vi of the ,treaty on the     
,non-,proliferation of ,nuclear         
,weapons1 signed at ,washington ,july   
#a1 #aifh 7commonly known as the ,,npt71

 to pursue negotiations in good faith on
 effective measures relating to the     
cessation of the nuclear arms race4     
7#ae7 ,achieving the objective of       
expanding the ,,inf ,treaty's membership
 to the ,people's ,republic of ,china1  
which has deployed intermediate-range   
missile systems in great number1 is     
greatly diminished if parties to the    
existing ,treaty cease implementation4  
7#af7 ,the ,congressional ,budget       
,office in ,october #bjag estimated that
 the costs of ,united ,states nuclear   
weapons spending over the next three    
decades will amount to                  
#a1bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1 or                  
#a1gjj1jjj1jjj1jjj when adjusted for    
inflation1 which does not include new   
systems proposed in the #bjah ,united   
,states ,nuclear ,posture ,review such  
as a low-yield submarine-launched       
ballistic missile 7,,slbm71 sea-launched
 cruise missile 7,,slcm71 and a ground  
launched cruise missile 7,,glcm74  #c4  
,sense of the ,senate ,it is the sense  

of the ,senate that-- 7#a7 ,president   
,trump's announcement of the intent of  
the ,united ,states to withdraw from the
 ,,inf ,treaty1 without proper          
consultation with ,congress1 is a       
serious breach of ,congress's proper    
constitutional role as a co-equal branch
 of government2  7#b7 ,united ,states   
withdrawal from the ,,inf ,treaty would 
free the ,russian ,federation to deploy 
greater quantities of the ,,ssc-#h      
missile to the detriment of ,united     
,states national security and that of   
our allies in ,europe and the           
,indo-,pacific2  7#c7 withdrawal from   
the ,,inf ,treaty will fail to limit or 
eliminate ,china's shorter- and         
intermediate-range missiles2 and  7#d7  
as opposed to formally notifying the    
,russian ,federation of the intention of
 the ,united ,states to withdraw1 the   
,united ,states should seek one or more 
additional meetings of the ,special     
,verification ,commission 7,,svc71 and  
other measures outlined in the ,trump   

,administration ,,inf ,treaty           
,integrated ,strategy1 to resolve the   
concerns related to the ,russian        
,federation's violation of the ,treaty  
and to reach agreement on measures to   
ensure the ,treaty's future viability4  
#d4 ,prohibition on use of funds for    
procurement or deployment of shorter- or
 intermediate-range ground launched     
ballistic or cruise missile system  7a7 
,in general ,no funds may be            
appropriated or otherwise made available
 for the procurement or deployment of a 
,united ,states shorter- or             
intermediate-range ground launched      
ballistic or cruise missile system with 
a range between #ejj and #e1ejj         
kilometers until the ,secretary of      
,defense1 in consultation with the      
,secretary of ,state and the ,director  
of ,national ,intelligence1 submits a   
report and offers a briefing to the     
appropriate committees of ,congress     
that--  7#a7 includes a ,memorandum of  
,understanding 7,,mou7 from a ,,nato or 

,indo-,pacific ally committing it to    
host deployment of any such missile on  
its own territory2  7#b7 confirms that  
the ,united ,states has initiated       
efforts through the ,special            
,verification ,commission 7,,svc7       
and_/or other high-level bilateral      
forums since ,january #a1 #bjah1 to     
resolve the ,russian ,federation's      
violation of the ,,inf ,treaty2  7#c7   
assesses the implications1 in terms of  
the military threat to the ,united      
,states and its allies in ,europe and   
the ,indo-,pacific1 of a ,russian       
,federation deployment of               
intermediate-range cruise and ballistic 
missiles without restriction2  7#d7     
assesses what mission requirements with 
respect to the ,russian ,federation and 
the ,people's ,republic of ,china cannot
 be met by ,,inf-compliant capabilities2
  7#e7 identifies what types of         
technologies and programs the ,united   
,states would need to pursue to offset  
the additional ,russian capabilities1   

and at what cost2 and  7#f7 identifies  
the ramifications of a collapse of the  
,,inf ,treaty on the ability to generate
 consensus among ,states ,parties to the
 ,,npt ,treaty ahead of the #bjbj ,,npt 
,review ,conference and assess the      
degree to which the ,russian ,federation
 will use the ,united ,states unilateral
 withdrawal to sow discord within the   
,,nato alliance4  7b7 ,form of report   
,the report required under subsection   
7a7 shall be unclassified with a        
classified annex4  7c7 ,appropriate     
committees of ,congress defined ,in this
 section1 the term appropriate          
committees of ,congress means--  7#a7   
the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations   
and the ,committee on ,armed ,services  
of the ,senate2 and  7#b7 the ,committee
 on ,foreign ,affairs and the ,committee
 on ,armed ,services of the ,house of   
,representatives4