#aae? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,s4    
#cagh  ,,an ,,act  ,to am5d title #ah1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to specify lyn*+ z 
a deprivation ( civil rights1 & = o!r   
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,ju/ice = ,victims ( ,lyn*+
 ,act ( #bjah4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress    
f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! crime ( lyn*+    
succe$$ slav]y z ! ultimate expression (
 racism 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates foll[+        
,recon/ruction4  7#b7 ,lyn*+ 0 a widely 
ackn[l$g$ practice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
until ! middle ( ! #bj? c5tury4  7#c7   
,lyn*+ 0 a crime t occurr$ ?r\gh\t !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 ) docum5t$ incid5ts 9 all
 b #d ,/ates4  7#d7 ,at lea/ #d1gdb p1  
pr$om9antly ,african ,am]icans1 7       
report$ lyn*$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates betwe5  
#ahhb & #aifh4  7#e7 ,n9ety-n9e p]c5t ( 
all p]petrators ( lyn*+ escap$ f        
puni%m5t by ,/ate or local (ficials4    
7#f7 ,lyn*+ prompt$ ,african ,am]icans  
to =m ! ,national ,association = !      
,advancem5t ( ,color$ ,p 7ref]r$ to 9   
?is section z ! ,,naacp7 & prompt$      

memb]s ( ,b'nai ,b'ri? to f\nd !        
,anti-,defamation ,league4  7#g7 ,mr4   
,walt] ,:ite1 z a memb] ( ! ,,naacp &   
lat] z ! executive secret>y ( ! ,,naacp 
f #aica to #aiee1 meticul\sly inve/igat$
 lyn*+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & work$       
tirelessly to end segregation &         
racializ$ t]ror4  7#h7 ,ne>ly #bjj      
anti-lyn*+ bills 7 introduc$ 9 ,congress
 dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! #bj? c5tury4  7#i7
 ,betwe5 #ahij & #aieb1 #g ,presid5ts   
petition$ ,congress to end lyn*+4  7#aj7
 ,betwe5 #aibj & #aidj1 ! ,h\se (       
,repres5tatives pass$ #c /rong          
anti-lyn*+ measures4  7#aa7 ,protection 
aga9/ lyn*+ 0 ! m9imum & mo/ basic (    
,f$]al responsibilities1 & ! ,s5ate     
consid]$ b fail$ to enact anti-lyn*+    
legislation despite repeat$ reque/s by  
civil rights gr\ps1 ,presid5ts1 & !     
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives to d s4  7#ab7  
,! publication ( ,)\t ,sanctu>y3 ,lyn*+ 
,photography 9 ,am]ica help$ br+ great] 
aw>5ess & prop] recognition ( ! victims 
( lyn*+4  7#ac7 ,only by com+ to t]ms ) 

hi/ory c ! ,unit$ ,/ates effectively    
*ampion human rights abroad4  7#ad7 ,an 
apology (f]$ 9 ! _s ( true rep5tance    
moves ! ,unit$ ,/ates t[>d              
reconciliation & may become c5tral to a 
new und]/&+1 on :i* improv$ racial      
relations c be =g$4  7#ae7 ,hav+        
conclud$ t a reckon+ ) our own hi/ory is
 ! only way ! c\ntry c effectively      
*ampion human rights abroad1 #ij ,memb]s
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate agre$ to      
,s5ate ,resolution #ci1 #aji? ,congress1
 on ,june #ac1 #bjje1 to apologize to ! 
victims ( lyn*+ & ! desc5dants ( ^?     
victims = ! failure ( ! ,s5ate to enact 
anti-lyn*+ legislation4  7#af7 ,!       
,national ,memorial = ,peace & ,ju/ice1 
:i* op5$ to ! public 9 ,montgom]y1      
,alabama1 on ,april #bf1 #bjah1 is !    
,nation's fir/ memorial d$icat$ to !    
legacy ( enslav$ ,black p1 p t]roriz$ by
 lyn*+1 ,african ,am]icans humiliat$ by 
racial segregation & ,jim ,cr[1 & p (   
color burd5$ ) contempor>y presumptions 
( guilt & police viol5ce4  7#ag7        

,not)/&+ ! ,s5ate's apology & ! height5$
 aw>5ess & education ab\t ! ,nation's   
legacy ) lyn*+1 x is :olly necess>y &   
appropriate = ! ,congress to enact      
legislation1 aft] #ajj ye>s (           
unsuccessful legislative ef=ts1 f9ally  
to make lyn*+ a ,f$]al crime4  7#ah7    
,fur!r1 x is ! s5se ( ,congress t       
crim9al action by a gr\p increases !    
likelihood t ! crim9al object ( t gr\p w
 be successfully atta9$ & decreases !   
probability t ! individuals involv$ w   
dep>t f _! pa? ( crim9ality4 ,!re=e1 x  
is appropriate to specify crim9al       
p5alties = ! crime ( lyn*+1 or any      
attempt or conspiracy to commit lyn*+4  
7#ai7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate agre$ to  
unanim\sly ,s5ate ,resolution #aah1     
#aae? ,congress1 on ,april #e1 #bjag1   
condemn+ hate crime & any o!r =m (      
racism1 religi\s or e?nic bias1         
discrim9ation1 incitem5t to viol5ce1 or 
animus t>get+ a m9ority 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates & tak+ notice specifically (     
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation /ati/ics 

demon/rat+ t among s+le-bias hate crime 
incid5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ei4b p]c5t 
( victims 7 t>get$ due to racial1 e?nic1
 or ance/ral bias1 & among ^? victims1  
#eb4b p]c5t 7 victims ( crimes motivat$ 
by ! (f5d]s' anti-,black or             
anti-,african ,am]ican bias4  7#bj7 ,on 
,septemb] #ad1 #bjag1 ,presid5t ,donald 
,j4 ,trump sign$ into law ,s5ate ,jo9t  
,resolution #di 7,public ,law #aae-eh2  
#aca ,/at4 #aadi71 :]e9 ,congress       
condemned ! raci/ viol5ce & dome/ic     
t]rori/ attack t took place betwe5      
,augu/ #aa & ,augu/ #ab1 #bjag1 9       
,*>lottesville1 ,virg9ia & urged !      
,presid5t & 8 adm9i/ration to speak out 
aga9/ hate gr\ps t esp\se racism1       
extremism1 x5ophobia1 anti-,semitism1 & 
,:ite supremacy2 & use all res\rces     
available to ! ,presid5t & ! ,presid5t's
 ,cab9et to address ! gr[+ preval5ce (  
^? hate gr\ps 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#ba7 
,s5ate ,jo9t ,resolution #di 7,public   
,law #aae-eh2 #aca ,/at4 #aadi7         
specifically took notice ( hundr$s (    

tor*-be>+ ,:ite nationali/s1 ,:ite      
supremaci/s1 ,klansm51 & neo-,nazis :o  
*ant$ raci/1 anti-,semitic1 &           
anti-immigrant slogans & viol5tly engag$
 ) c\nt]-demon/rators on & ar\nd !      
gr\nds ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia 9      
,*>lottesville & t ^! gr\ps report$ly   
are organiz+ simil> ev5ts 9 o!r cities 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & communities ev]y:]e  
are conc]n$ ab\t ! gr[+ & op5 display ( 
hate & viol5ce be+ p]petrat$ by ^?      
gr\ps4  #c4 ,lyn*+  7a7 ,(f5se ,*apt]   
#ac ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is
 am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #bej4
 ,lyn*+  7a7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7 ,(f5ses     
involv+ actual or p]ceiv$ race1 color1  
religion1 or national orig9 ,if #b or m 
p]sons willfully cause bodily injury to 
any o!r p]son1 because ( ! actual or    
p]ceiv$ race1 color1 religion1 or       
national orig9 ( any p]son-- 7,a7 ea*   
%all be imprison$ n m ?an #aj ye>s1 f9$ 
9 accordance ) ?is title1 or bo?1 if    
bodily injury results f ! (f5se2 or     
7,b7 ea* %all be imprison$ = any t]m (  

ye>s or = life1 f9$ 9 accordance ) ?is  
title1 or bo?1 if dea? results f ! (f5se
 or if ! (f5se includes kidnapp+ or     
aggravat$ sexual abuse4  7#b7 ,(f5ses   
involv+ actual or p]ceiv$ religion1     
national orig91 g5d]1 sexual ori5tation1
 g5d] id5tity1 or disability  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,if #b or m p]sons1 9 any         
circum/ance describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71
 willfully cause bodily injury to any   
o!r p]son because ( ! actual or p]ceiv$ 
religion1 national orig91 g5d]1 sexual  
ori5tation1 g5d] id5tity1 or disability 
( any p]son-- 7i7 ea* %all be imprison$ 
n m ?an #aj ye>s1 f9$ 9 accordance ) ?is
 title1 or bo?1 if bodily injury results
 f ! (f5se2 or  7ii7 ea* %all be        
imprison$ = any t]m ( ye>s or = life1   
f9$ 9 accordance ) ?is title1 or bo?1 if
 dea? results f ! (f5se or if ! (f5se   
includes kidnapp+ or aggravat$ sexual   
abuse4  7,b7 ,circum/ances describ$ ,=  
purposes ( subp>agraph 7,a71 !          
circum/ances describ$ 9 ?is subp>agraph 
are t-- 7i7 ! conduct describ$ 9        

subp>agraph 7,a7 occurs dur+ ! c\rse (1 
or z ! result (1 ! travel ( ! def5dant  
or ! victim-- 7,i7 across a ,/ate l9e or
 national bord]2 or  7,,ii7 us+ a phone1
 ! int]net1 ! mail1 or any o!r *annel1  
facility1 or in/rum5tality ( int]/ate or
 =eign comm]ce2  7ii7 ! def5dant uses a 
phone1 ! int]net1 ! mail1 or any o!r    
*annel1 facility1 or in/rum5tality (    
int]/ate or =eign comm]ce 9 connection )
 ! conduct describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a72 
7iii7 9 connection ) ! conduct describ$ 
9 subp>agraph 7,a71 ! def5dant employs a
 fire>m1 dang]\s weapon1 explosive or   
inc5di>y device1 or o!r weapon t has    
travel$ 9 int]/ate or =eign comm]ce2 or 
7iv7 ! conduct describ$ 9 subp>agraph   
7,a7-- 7,i7 int]f]es ) comm]cial or o!r 
economic activity 9 :i* ! victim is     
engag$ at ! "t ( ! conduct2  7,,ii7     
o!rwise affects int]/ate or =eign       
comm]ce2 or  7,,iii7 occurs )9 ! special
 m>itime or t]ritorial jurisdiction ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#c7 ,(f5ses occurr+ 9 !
 special m>itime or t]ritorial          

jurisdiction ( ! unit$ /ates ,:oev]1 )9 
! special m>itime or t]ritorial         
jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 engages 
9 conduct describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 or 9 
p>agraph 7#b77;,a7 7)\t reg>d to :e!r t 
conduct occurr$ 9 a circum/ance describ$
 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,b77 %all be subject  
to ! same p5alties z prescrib$ 9 ^?     
p>agraphs4  7b7 ,attempt ,:oev] attempts
 to commit any (f5se "u ?is section--   
7#a7 %all be imprison$ = n m ?an #aj    
ye>s1 f9$ 9 accordance ) ?is title1 or  
bo?2 or  7#b7 if ! (f5se includes       
kidnapp+ or an attempt to kidnap1       
aggravat$ sexual abuse or an attempt to 
commit aggravat$ sexual abuse1 or an    
attempt to kill1 %all be imprison$ = any
 t]m ( ye>s ( = life1 f9$ 9 accordance )
 ?is title1 or bo?4  7c7 ,conspiracy ,if
 #b or m p]sons conspire to commit any  
(f5se "u ?is section1 & #a or m ( su*   
p]sons d any act to effect ! object ( ! 
conspiracy1 ea* %all be subject to !    
same p5alties z ^? prescrib$ = ! (f5se !
 commission ( :i* 0 ! object ( !        

conspiracy4  7d7 ,c]tification          
requirem5t  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no           
prosecution ( any (f5se describ$ 9 ?is  
section may be und]tak5 by ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 except "u ! c]tification 9 writ+
 ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 or a designee1   
t-- 7,a7 ! ,/ate does n h jurisdiction2 
7,b7 ! ,/ate has reque/$ t ! ,f$]al     
,gov]nm5t assume jurisdiction2  7,c7 !  
v]dict or s5t5ce obta9$ pursuant to     
,/ate *>ges left demon/ratively         
unv9dicat$ ! ,f$]al int]e/ 9 eradicat+  
bias-motivat$ viol5ce2 or  7,d7 a       
prosecution by ! ,unit$ ,/ates is 9 !   
public int]e/ & necess>y to secure      
sub/antial ju/ice4  7#b7 ,rule (        
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection %all 
be con/ru$ to limit ! au?ority ( ,f$]al 
(fic]s1 or a ,f$]al gr& jury1 to        
inve/igate possible violations ( ?is    
section4  4  7b7 ,table ( sections      
am5dm5t ,! table ( sections = *apt] #ac 
( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is    
am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to   
section #bdi ! foll[+3  #bej4 ,lyn*+4  4

  ,pass$ ! ,s5ate ,decemb] #ai1         
#bjah4,secret>y