,,ii  #aae? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #caea  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #bg1 #bjah ,ms4  
,hirono 7= h]self1 ,mr4 ,s*um]1 ,mrs4   
,murray1 ,mr4 ,durb91 ,mrs4 ,gillibr&1  
,ms4 ,w>r51 ,mr4 ,re$1 ,ms4 ,klobu*>1   
,mr4 ,pet]s1 ,ms4 ,baldw91 ,mr4         
,:iteh\se1 ,mr4 ,blum5?al1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1
 ,mr4 ,van ,holl51 ,mrs4 ,fe9/e91 ,mr4  
,s&]s1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ,mr4 ,m>key1 ,ms4    
,smi?1 ,mr4 ,s*atz1 ,mr4 ,m55dez1 ,ms4  
,/ab5[1 ,mr4 ,book]1 ,mr4 ,wyd51 ,ms4   
,h>ris1 ,mr4 ,c>p]1 ,mr4 ,casey1 ,mr4   
,coons1 ,mr4 ,c>d91 ,ms4 ,cortez ,ma/o1 
,ms4 ,cantwell1 ,ms4 ,hassan1 & ,mrs4   
,%ahe57 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions  
,a ,,bill  ,to secure ! rights ( public 
employees to organize1 act conc]t$ly1 & 
b>ga9 collectively1 :i* safegu>d !      
public int]e/ & promote ! free &        
unob/ruct$ fl[ ( comm]ce1 & = o!r       
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title  ,?is ,act   
may be cit$ z ! ,public ,s]vice ,fre$om 

to ,negotiate ,act ( #bjah4  #b4 ,f9d+s2
 purpose  7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress makes !  
foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7 ,! d5ial by "s public
 employ]s ( ! "r ( public employees to  
organize & ! refusal by "s public       
employ]s to accept ! proc$ure (         
collective b>ga9+ lead to /rikes & o!r  
=ms ( /rife or unre/4 ,su* actions h !  
int5t or ! necess>y effect ( burd5+ or  
ob/ruct+ comm]ce by--  7,a7 impair+ !   
effici5cy1 safety1 or op]ation ( !      
in/rum5talities ( comm]ce1 :i* dep5d on 
/able gov]nm5t s]vices & public         
infra/ructure2  7,b7 mat]ially affect+1 
re/ra9+1 or controll+ ! fl[ ( goods into
 ! *annels ( comm]ce1 or ! prices ( su* 
goods 9 comm]ce2 or  7,c7 caus+         
dim9ution ( employm5t & wages 9 su*     
volume s z to sub/antially impair or    
disrupt ! m>ket = goods fl[+ f or into !
 *annels ( comm]ce4  7#b7 ,! inequality 
( b>ga9+ p[] betwe5 public employees1 :o
 d n possess full fre$om ( association  
or actual lib]ty ( contract1 & public   
employ]s sub/antially burd5s & affects !

 fl[ ( comm]ce1 & t5ds to aggravate     
recurr5t bus9ess depressions1 by        
depress+ wage rates & ! pur*as+ p[] (   
wage e>n]s & by negatively affect+ !    
/abilization ( competitive wage rates & 
dec5t work+ conditions4  7#c7 ,exp]i5ce 
9 public employm5t indicates t !        
/atutory protection ( ! rights ( public 
employees to organize1 act conc]t$ly1 & 
b>ga9 collectively safegu>ds ! public   
int]e/ & promotes ! free & unob/ruct$   
fl[ ( comm]ce among ! ,/ates by remov+  
c]ta9 recogniz$ s\rces ( /rife & unre/4 
,su* protection facilitates & enc\rages 
! amicable settlem5t ( disputes betwe5  
public employees & _! public employ]s   
involv+ wages1 h\rs1 & o!r t]ms &       
conditions ( employm5t4  7#d7 ,to be mo/
 effective & /able1 labor-managem5t     
relation%ips 9 ! public sector mu/ be   
bas$ on tru/1 mutual respect1 op5       
communication1 bilat]al cons5sual       
problem solv+1 & %>$ acc\ntability4 ,9  
_m public ag5cies1 x is ! union t       
provides ! in/itutional /ability z      

elect$ lead]s & appo9tees come & g4     
7#e7 ,/ate & local public employees play
 an ess5tial role 9 ! ef=ts ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates to detect1 prev5t1 & respond to  
t]rori/ attacks1 & to respond to natural
 disa/]s1 haz>d\s mat]ials1 & o!r mass  
casualty incid5ts4 ,/ate & local public 
employees1 z fir/ respond]s1 are a      
compon5t ( our ,nation's ,national      
,incid5t ,managem5t ,sy/em1 develop$ by 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& ,security to      
coord9ate response to & recov]y f       
t]rorism1 major natural disa/]s1 & o!r  
major em]g5cies4 ,effective & /able     
public employ]-employee relation%ips are
 ess5tial 9 meet+ ^! ne$s & are1 !re=e1 
9 bo? ! ,national int]e/ z well z 9     
fur!rance ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates obligation  
to safegu>d ! c\ntry "u section #d (    
article ,,iv ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  7#f7 ,tea*]s & o!r education  
pr(essionals 7includ+ p>apr(essionals1  
cu/odians1 adm9i/rative /aff1 cafet]ia  
work]s1 specializ$ in/ructional support 
p]sonnel1 & o!rs7 "w to provide quality 

education to e /ud5t4 ,/ud5ts des]ve !  
opportunity to rea* _! full pot5tial 9 a
 well-res\rc$ public s*ool4  7#g7       
,conflict betwe5 public employ]s &      
public employees has implications = !   
security ( public employees & ! public &
 affects int]/ate & intra/ate comm]ce4  
,ineffective & un/able labor-managem5t  
relations c detrim5tally impact !       
upgrad+ ( public s]vices ( local        
communities1 ! heal? & well-be+ ( public
 employees1 & ! morale )9 public        
ag5cies4 ,additionally1 ^! factors h    
significant comm]cial rep]cussions4     
,moreov]1 provid+ m9imal /&>ds =        
collective b>ga9+ rights 9 ! public     
sector c prev5t indu/rial /rife betwe5  
labor & managem5t t int]f]es ) ! normal 
fl[ ( comm]ce4 ,x is settl$ law t       
,congress has au?ority "u ! ,comm]ce    
,clause ( section #h ( article ,i ( !   
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to       
safegu>d protections = employees ( ,/ate
 & local gov]nm5ts4  7#h7 ,_m ,/ates &  
localities already h laws t provide     

public employees ) collective b>ga9+    
rights comp>able to or great] ?an !     
rights & responsibilities set =? 9 ?is  
,act1 & su* ,/ate & local laws %\ld be  
respect$4  7#i7 ,:ile ! ,national ,labor
 ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et 
seq47 protects ! rights ( private-sector
 employees to =m or jo9 unions1 act     
conc]t$ly = ! purpose ( collective      
b>ga9+ or o!r mutual aid or protection1 
& b>ga9 collectively ) _! employ]s1 no  
,f$]al law protects ^! fundam5tal labor 
rights = employees ( ! ,/ates1 includ+  
t]ritories & possessions ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 & ! political subdivisions !re(4
 ,! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ne$s to enc\rage   
conciliation1 m$iation1 & dispute       
resolution to aid & enc\rage public     
employ]s & ! repres5tatives ( _! public 
employees to rea* & ma9ta9 agreem5ts    
conc]n+ rates ( pay1 h\rs1 & work+      
conditions1 & to make all reasonable    
ef=ts ?r\gh negotiations to settle _!   
diff]5ces by mutual agreem5t rea*$ ?r\gh
 collective b>ga9+ or by su* me?ods z   

may be provid$ = 9 any applicable       
agreem5t = ! settlem5t ( disputes4  7b7 
,purpose ,x is ! purpose ( ?is ,act to--
 7#a7 secure ! rights ( public employees
 to =m or jo9 unions1 act conc]t$ly = ! 
purpose ( collective b>ga9+ or o!r      
mutual aid or protection1 & b>ga9       
collectively ) _! employ]s2 &  7#b7     
reaffirm ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to  
enc\rage ! practice & proc$ure (        
collective b>ga9+1 :i* safegu>ds !      
public int]e/ & promotes ! free &       
unob/ruct$ fl[ ( comm]ce4  #c4          
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,au?ority 
,! t]m ,au?ority means ! ,f$]al ,labor  
,relations ,au?ority4  7#b7 ,collective 
b>ga9+ ,! t]m collective b>ga9+1 )      
respect to public employees & public    
employ]s1 means ! p]=mance ( ! mutual   
obligation ( ! repres5tative ( a public 
employ] & ! exclusive repres5tative (   
public employees 9 an appropriate unit (
 ! employ] to meet at reasonable times &
 to consult & b>ga9 9 a good-fai? ef=t  
to rea* agreem5t ) respect to wages1    

h\rs1 & o!r t]ms & conditions (         
employm5t affect+ su* employees & to    
execute1 if reque/$ by ei!r p>ty1 a     
writt5 docum5t incorporat+ any          
collective b>ga9+ agreem5t rea*$1 b !   
obligation ref]r$ to 9 ?is p>agraph does
 n compel ei!r p>ty to agree to a       
proposal or to make a concession4  7#c7 
,confid5tial employee  7,a7 ,9 g5]al    
,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 ! 
t]m confid5tial employee means a public 
employee :o acts 9 a confid5tial        
capacity ) respect to an individual :o  
=mulates or effectuates managem5t       
policies 9 ! field ( labor-managem5t    
relations4  7,b7 ,/ate law ,if ! t]m    
confid5tial employee1 or a sub/antially 
equival5t t]m1 has a sub/antially       
equival5t mean+ "u applicable ,/ate law 
to ! mean+ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 on ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 su* t]m1 or   
sub/antially equival5t t]m1 & mean+ "u  
su* applicable ,/ate law %all apply )   
respect to ! t]m confid5tial employee "u
 ?is ,act = public employees & public   

employ]s 9 su* ,/ate4  7#d7 ,em]g5cy    
s]vices employee ,! t]m em]g5cy s]vices 
employee means-- 7,a7 a public employee 
provid+ out-(-hospital em]g5cy m$ical   
c>e1 includ+ an em]g5cy m$ical          
te*nician1 p>am$ic1 or fir/ respond]2 or
  7,b7 a public employee provid+ o!r    
s]vices 9 response to em]g5cies t h !   
pot5tial to cause dea? or s]i\s bodily  
injury1 includ+ an employee 9 fire      
protection activities 7z def9$ 9 section
 #c ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich
 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bjc774  7#e7 ,employ ,!
 t]m employ includes to suff] or p]mit  
to "w4  7#f7 ,labor organization ,! t]m 
labor organization1 ) respect to public 
employ]s & public employees1 means any  
organization ( any k9d 9 :i* public     
employees p>ticipate & :i* exi/s = !    
purpose1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( deal+ )      
public employ]s conc]n+ grievances1     
labor disputes1 wages1 rates ( pay1 h\rs
 ( employm5t1 or conditions ( "w4  7#g7 
,law en=cem5t (fic] ,! t]m law en=cem5t 
(fic] has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section

 #abjd ( ! ,omnibus ,crime ,control &   
,safe ,/reets ,act ( #aifh 7#cd         
,u4,s4,c4 #ajbhd74  7#h7 ,managem5t     
employee  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z       
provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 ! t]m       
managem5t employee means an individual  
employ$ by a public employ] 9 a position
 ! duties & responsibilities ( :i*      
require or au?orize ! individual to     
=mulate1 det]m9e1 or influ5ce ! policies
 ( ! employ]4  7,b7 ,/ate law ,if ! t]m 
managem5t employee1 or a sub/antially   
equival5t t]m1 has a sub/antially       
equival5t mean+ "u applicable ,/ate law 
to ! mean+ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 on ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 su* t]m1 or   
sub/antially equival5t t]m1 & mean+ "u  
su* applicable ,/ate law %all apply )   
respect to ! t]m managem5t employee "u  
?is ,act = public employees & public    
employ]s 9 su* ,/ate4  7#i7 ,p]son ,!   
t]m p]son means an individual or a labor
 organization4  7#aj7 ,public employee  
,! t]m public employee--  7,a7 means an 
individual1 employ$ by a public employ]1

 :o 9 any workweek is engag$ 9 comm]ce  
or 9 ! production ( goods = comm]ce1 or 
is employ$ 9 an ent]prise engag$ 9      
comm]ce or 9 ! production ( goods =     
comm]ce 7z ! t]ms comm]ce1 goods1 &     
ent]prise engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 !       
production ( goods = comm]ce are def9$ 9
 section #c ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act
 ( #aich72  7,b7 includes an individual 
:o is tempor>ily transf]r$ to a         
sup]visory or managem5t position2 &     
7,c7 does n include a p]man5t sup]visory
 employee1 p]man5t managem5t employee1  
or p]man5t confid5tial employee1 or an  
elect$ (ficial4  7#aa7 ,public employ]  
,! t]m employ] means any ( ! foll[+ t   
employs public employees3 7,a7 ,a ,/ate 
or ! political subdivision ( a ,/ate1   
includ+ a t]ritory or political         
subdivision ( a t]ritory4  7,b7 ,any    
au?ority1 ag5cy1 s*ool di/rict1 bo>d or 
o!r entity controll$ & op]at$ by an     
entity describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74     
7#ab7 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate means ea* ( !  
sev]al ,/ates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !      

,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & any t]ritory or 
possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#ac7    
,sub/antially provides ,! t]m           
sub/antially provide or sub/antially    
provides1 ) respect to ! rights &       
responsibilities describ$ 9 section     
#d7;b71 means provid+ rights &          
responsibilities t are comp>able to or  
great] ?an ea* ( ! rights &             
responsibilities describ$ 9 su* section4
  7#ad7 ,sup]visory employee  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph   
7,b71 ! t]m sup]visory employee means an
 individual1 employ$ by a public        
employ]1 :o-- 7i7 has ! au?ority 9 !    
int]e/ ( ! employ]1 if ! ex]cise ( !    
au?ority is n m]ely r\t9e or cl]ical 9  
nature b requires ! consi/5t ex]cise (  
indep5d5t judgm5t1 to--  7,i7 hire1     
promote1 rew>d1 transf]1 furl\gh1 lay   
(f1 recall1 susp5d1 discipl9e1 or remove
 public employees2  7,,ii7 adju/ !      
grievances ( public employees2 or       
7,,iii7 effectively recomm5d any action 
describ$ 9 subclause 7,i7 or 7,,ii72 &  

7ii7 devotes a majority ( "t at "w to   
ex]cis+ ! au?ority "u clause 7i74  7,b7 
,/ate law ,if ! t]m sup]visory employee1
 or a sub/antially equival5t t]m1 has a 
sub/antially equival5t mean+ "u         
applicable ,/ate law to ! mean+ "u      
subp>agraph 7,a7 on ! date ( ! enactm5t 
( ?is ,act1 su* t]m1 or sub/antially    
equival5t t]m1 & mean+ "u su* applicable
 ,/ate law %all apply ) respect to ! t]m
 sup]visory employee "u ?is ,act =      
public employees & public employ]s 9 su*
 ,/ate4  #d4 ,det]m9ation ( rights &    
responsibilities  7a7 ,det]m9ation  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,au?ority 
%all make a det]m9ation z to :e!r a     
,/ate sub/antially provides = ! rights &
 responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection 
7b74  7#b7 ,consid]ation ( additional   
op9ions ,9 mak+ ! det]m9ation describ$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,au?ority %all consid]
 ! op9ions ( affect$ public employees1  
labor organizations1 & public employ]s4 
,9 ! case :]e ! ,au?ority is notifi$ by 

an affect$ public employ] & labor       
organization t bo? p>ties agree t ! law 
applicable to su* employ] & labor       
organization sub/antially provides = !  
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
subsection 7b71 ! ,au?ority %all give   
su* agreem5t weight to ! maximum ext5t  
practicable 9 mak+ ! ,au?ority's        
det]m9ation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a74   
7#c7 ,limit$ crit]ia ,9 mak+ !          
det]m9ation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
,au?ority %all be limit$ to !           
application ( ! crit]ia describ$ 9      
subsection 7b7 & %all n use any         
additional crit]ia4  7#d7 ,subsequ5t    
det]m9ations  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a          
det]m9ation made pursuant to p>agraph   
7#a7 %all rema9 9 effect unless & until 
! ,au?ority issues a subsequ5t          
det]m9ation1 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures 
set =? 9 subp>agraph 7,b74  7,b7        
,proc$ures = subsequ5t det]m9ations ,^u 
e/abli%+ t a mat]ial *ange 9 ,/ate law  
or its int]pretation has occurr$1 a     
public employee1 public employ]1 or a   

labor organization may submit a writt5  
reque/ = a subsequ5t det]m9ation4 ,if   
satisfi$ t a mat]ial *ange 9 ,/ate law  
or its int]pretation has occurr$1 !     
,au?ority %all issue a subsequ5t        
det]m9ation n lat] ?an #cj days aft]    
receipt ( su* reque/4  7#e7 ,judicial   
review ,any p]son or public employ]     
aggriev$ by a det]m9ation ( ! ,au?ority 
"u ?is section may1 dur+ ! #fj-;day     
p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* !         
det]m9ation 0 made1 petition any ,unit$ 
,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ! circuit 9   
:i* ! p]son or public employ] resides or
 transacts bus9ess or 9 ! ,c\rt (       
,appeals = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia       
,circuit1 = judicial review4 ,9 any     
judicial review ( a det]m9ation made by 
! ,au?ority describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
proc$ures conta9$ 9 subsections 7c7 &   
7d7 ( section #gabc ( title #e1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 %all be foll[$4  7b7      
,rights & responsibilities ,! rights &  
responsibilities describ$ 9 ?is         
subsection are ea* ( ! foll[+3 7#a7     

,grant+ public employees ! "r to        
self-organization1 to =m1 jo91 or assi/ 
a labor organization1 to b>ga9          
collectively ?r\gh repres5tatives ( _!  
own *oos+1 & to engage 9 o!r conc]t$    
activities = ! purpose ( collective     
b>ga9+ or o!r mutual aid or protection4 
7#b7 ,requir+ public employ]s to-- 7,a7 
recognize ! labor organization ( its    
public employees 7freely *os5 9 an      
election by a majority ( su* employees  
vot+ 9 ! appropriate unit71 )\t requir+ 
an election to rec]tify a labor         
organization t is already recogniz$ z ! 
repres5tative ( su* employees unless n  
less ?an #cj p]c5t ( su* employees 9 !  
appropriate unit freely sign a petition 
to dec]tify su* labor organization2     
7,b7 collectively b>ga9 ) su* recogniz$ 
labor organization2 &  7,c7 commit any  
agreem5ts ) su* recogniz$ labor         
organization to writ+ 9 a contract or   
memor&um ( und]/&+4  7#c7 ,mak+         
available an int]e/ impasse resolution  
me*anism1 su* z fact-f9d+1 m$iation1    

arbitration1 or comp>able proc$ures &   
provid+ = ! payroll d$uction ( labor    
organization fees to any duly-select$   
repres5tative ( public employees        
pursuant to ! t]ms ( an au?orization    
execut$ by su* public employees4  7#d7  
,requir+ en=cem5t ( all rights1         
responsibilities1 & protections provid$ 
by ,/ate law & enum]at$ 9 ?is section1 &
 ( any writt5 contract or memor&um (    
und]/&+ betwe5 a labor organization & a 
public employ]1 ?r\gh--  7,a7 a ,/ate   
adm9i/rative ag5cy1 if ! ,/ate s *ooses2
  7,b7 at ! election ( an aggriev$ p>ty1
 ! ,/ate c\rts2 or  7,c7 9 ! case ( an  
alleg$ violation1 mis9t]pretation1 or   
misapplication ( ! contract or memor&um 
( und]/&+1 a grievance resolution       
proc$ure negotiat$ 9 su* contract or    
memor&um4  7c7 ,compliance ) requirem5ts
 ,if ! ,au?ority det]m9es1 act+ pursuant
 to its au?ority "u subsection 7a71 t a 
,/ate sub/antially provides = ! rights &
 responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection 
7b71 !n subsection 7d7 %all n apply4    

7d7 ,failure ,to meet requirem5ts  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,if ! ,au?ority det]m9es1 act+ 
pursuant to its au?ority "u subsection  
7a71 t a ,/ate does n sub/antially      
provide = ! rights & responsibilities   
describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 !n su* ,/ate 
%all be subject to ! regulations &      
proc$ures describ$ 9 section #e beg9n+  
on ! lat] (--  7,a7 ! date t is #b ye>s 
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2  7,b7
 ! date t is ! la/ day ( ! fir/ regul>  
session ( ! legislature ( ! ,/ate t     
beg9s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is    
,act2 or  7,c7 9 ! case ( a ,/ate       
receiv+ a subsequ5t det]m9ation "u      
subsection 7a77#d71 ! date t is ! la/   
day ( ! fir/ regul> session ( !         
legislature ( ! ,/ate t beg9s aft] !    
date ! ,au?ority made ! det]m9ation4    
7#b7 ,p>tial failure ,if ! ,au?ority    
makes a det]m9ation t a ,/ate does n    
sub/antially provide = ! rights &       
responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection  
7b7 solely because ! ,/ate law          
sub/antially provides = su* rights &    

responsibilities = c]ta9 categories (   
public employees b n o!rs1 ! ,au?ority  
%all id5tify--  7,a7 ^? categories (    
public employees t %all be subject to ! 
regulations & proc$ures describ$ 9      
section #e1 pursuant to section         
#h7;b77#c71 beg9n+ on ! applicable date 
"u p>agraph 7#a72 &  7,b7 ^? categories 
( public employees t %all n be subject  
to ! regulations & proc$ures describ$ 9 
section #e4  #e4 ,m9imum /&>ds adm9i/]$ 
by ! ,f$]al ,labor ,relations ,au?ority 
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,au?ority 
%all issue regulations 9 accordance ) ! 
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b7 e/abli%+ collective      
b>ga9+ proc$ures = public employ]s1     
labor organizations1 & public employees 
9 ,/ates :i* ! ,au?ority has det]m9$1   
act+ pursuant to section #d7;a71 d n    
sub/antially provide = su* rights &     
responsibilities4  7b7 ,role ( ! ,f$]al 
,labor ,relations ,au?ority ,!          
,au?ority1 to ! ext5t provid$ 9 ?is ,act

 & 9 accordance ) regulations prescrib$ 
by ! ,au?ority1 %all--  7#a7 protect !  
"r ( public employees to =m1 jo91 or    
assi/ any labor organization1 or to     
refra9 f any su* activity1 freely & )\t 
fe> ( p5alty or reprisal1 protect ! "r (
 public employees to b>ga9 collectively 
?r\gh repres5tatives ( _! own *oos+1 &  
protect ! "r ( public employees to      
engage 9 o!r conc]t$ activities = !     
purpose ( collective b>ga9+ or o!r      
mutual aid or protection2  7#b7 sup]vise
 or conduct elections to det]m9e :e!r a 
labor organization has be5 select$ z an 
exclusive repres5tative by a majority ( 
! public employees vot+ 9 su* election 9
 an appropriate unit1 & provide = !     
payroll d$uction ( labor organization   
fees to any su* duly-elect$ exclusive   
repres5tative pursuant to ! t]ms ( an   
au?orization execut$ by a public        
employee2  7#c7 det]m9e ! appropriat5ess
 ( units = labor organization           
repres5tation2  7#d7 require public     
employ]s to--  7,a7 recognize ! labor   

organization ( its public employees     
7freely *os5 by a majority ( su*        
employees vot+ 9 ! appropriate unit7 z !
 exclusive repres5tative ( su*          
employees2  7,b7 b>ga9 9 good fai? ) su*
 labor organization conc]n+ public      
employees' wages1 h\rs1 & o!r t]ms &    
conditions ( employm5t1 :i* %all include
 a proc$ure = ! settlem5t ( grievances  
culm9at+ 9 b9d+ arbitration 9 any       
agreem5t & a proc$ure = resolv+ any     
impasses 9 collective b>ga9+2 &  7,c7   
commit any agreem5ts to writ+ 9 a       
contract or memor&um ( und]/&+2  7#e7   
prohibit practices :i* int]f]e )1 co]ce1
 or intimidate public employees 9 !     
ex]cise ( rights gu>ante$ 9 p>agraph    
7#a7 or regulations issu$ !reund]2  7#f7
 conduct he>+s & resolve compla9ts      
conc]n+ violations ( any regulation or  
ord] issu$ by ! ,au?ority pursuant to   
?is ,act2  7#g7 resolve exceptions to ! 
aw>ds ( arbitrators2 &  7#h7 take su*   
o!r actions z are necess>y & appropriate
 to effectively adm9i/] ?is ,act1       

includ+ issu+ subpo5as requir+ !        
att5dance & te/imony ( witnesses & !    
production ( docum5t>y or o!r evid5ce f 
any place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 adm9i/]+   
oa?s1 tak+ or ord]+ ! tak+ (            
depositions1 ord]+ responses to writt5  
int]rogatories1 & receiv+ & exam9+      
witnesses4  7c7 ,en=cem5t ,! ,au?ority  
may issue an ord] direct+ compliance by 
any p]son or public employ] f\nd to be 9
 violation ( ?is section1 & may petition
 any ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals )   
jurisdiction ov] ! p>ties1 or ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,di/rict (  
,columbia ,circuit1 to en=ce any su*    
f9al ord]s issu$ pursuant to ?is section
 or pursuant to regulations issu$ "u ?is
 section1 & = appropriate tempor>y      
relief or a re/ra9+ ord]4 ,any petition 
"u ?is section %all be conduct$ 9       
accordance ) subsections 7c7 & 7d7 (    
section #gabc ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code4  #f4 ,lock\ts & employee /rikes  
prohibit$ :5 em]g5cy or public safety   
s]vices imp]il$  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject  

to subsection 7b71 any employ]1 em]g5cy 
s]vices employee1 or law en=cem5t (fic] 
to :i* section #e applies may n engage 9
 a lock\t1 /rike1 or any o!r organiz$   
job action ( :i* a reasonably probable  
result is a measurable disruption ( !   
deliv]y ( em]g5cy or public safety      
s]vices4 ,no labor organization may     
cause or attempt to cause a violation ( 
?is subsection4  7b7 ,no preemption     
,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to  
preempt any law ( any ,/ate or political
 subdivision ( any ,/ate ) respect to   
/rikes by em]g5cy s]vices employees or  
law en=cem5t (fic]s4  #g4 ,exi/+        
collective b>ga9+ units & agreem5ts ,!  
enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all n invalidate   
any c]tification1 recognition1 result ( 
an election1 collective b>ga9+ agreem5t1
 or memor&um ( und]/&+ t--  7#a7 has be5
 issu$1 approv$1 or ratifi$ by any      
public employee relations bo>d or       
commission1 or by any ,/ate or political
 subdivision or an ag5t or managem5t    
(ficial ( su* ,/ate or political        

subdivision2 &  7#b7 is 9 effect on !   
day be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  
#h4 ,exceptions2 rules ( con/ruction    
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #d7;d71 & !       
regulations & proc$ures "u section #e1  
%all n apply-- 7#a7 solely because a    
,/ate law p]mits a public employee to   
appe> on ! employee's own behalf )      
respect to ! employee's employm5t       
relations ) ! public employ] involv$2   
7#b7 solely because a ,/ate law excludes
 f its cov]age public employees ( a     
,/ate militia or national gu>d2  7#c7 to
 a political subdivision ( a ,/ate if-- 
7,a7 su* political subdivision has a    
population ( few] ?an #e1jjj p or       
employs few] ?an #be public employees2 &
  7,b7 ! ,/ate 9 :i* su* political      
subdivision is locat$ notifies !        
,au?ority ( ! ,/ate's reque/ t su*      
political subdivision be exempt f su*   
sections2 or  7#d7 solely because ! laws
 or ord9ances ( a ,/ate or political    
subdivision ( a ,/ate p]mit or require a
 public employ] to recognize a labor    

organization on ! basis ( sign$         
au?orizations execut$ by public         
employees designat+ ! labor organization
 z _! repres5tative4  7b7 ,compliance   
7#a7 ,actions ( ,/ates ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act 
or ! regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act 
%all be con/ru$ to require a ,/ate to   
resc9d1 or preempt1 ! laws or ord9ances 
( any political subdivision ( ! ,/ate1  
if su* laws or ord9ances provide rights 
& responsibilities = public employees t 
are comp>able to or great] ?an ! rights 
& responsibilities describ$ 9 section   
#d7;b74  7#b7 ,actions ( ! ,di/rict (   
,columbia ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act or !         
regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act %all 
be con/ru$-- 7,a7 to require ! ,di/rict 
( ,columbia to resc9d--  7i7 section    
#eja ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,gov]nm5t 
,compreh5sive ,m]it ,p]sonnel ,act      
7#a-fje4ja1 ,d4,c4 ,(ficial ,code71     
e/abli%+ ! ,public ,employee ,relations 
,bo>d ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 or  7ii7
 section #ejb ( su* ,act 7#a-fje4jb1    
,d4,c4 ,(ficial ,code71 e/abli%+ ! p[] (

 ! ,bo>d2  7,b7 to preempt ! laws       
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a72 or  7,c7 to
 limit or alt] ! p[]s ( ! gov]nm5t ( !  
,di/rict ( ,columbia pursuant to !      
,di/rict ( ,columbia ,home ,rule ,act   
7,public ,law #ic-aih2 #a-bja4ja et     
seq41 ,d4,c4 ,(ficial ,code74  7#c7     
,actions ( ! au?ority ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act  
or ! regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act 
%all be con/ru$ to preempt-- 7,a7 ! laws
 or ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political  
subdivision ( a ,/ate1 if su* laws or   
ord9ances provide collective b>ga9+     
rights = public employees t are         
comp>able to or great] ?an ! rights     
enum]at$ 9 section #d7;b72  7,b7 ! laws 
or ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political   
subdivision ( a ,/ate t sub/antially    
provide = ! rights & responsibilities   
describ$ 9 section #d7;b7 ) respect to  
c]ta9 categories ( public employees     
solely because su* rights &             
responsibilities h n be5 ext5d$ to o!r  
categories ( public employees cov]$ by  
?is ,act2  7,c7 ! laws or ord9ances (   

any ,/ate or political subdivision ( a  
,/ate t sub/antially provide = ! rights 
& responsibilities describ$ 9 section   
#d7;b71 solely because su* laws or      
ord9ances provide t a contract or       
memor&um ( und]/&+ betwe5 a public      
employ] & a labor organization mu/ be   
pres5t$ to a legislative body z "p ( !  
process = approv+ su* contract or       
memor&um ( und]/&+2 or  7,d7 ! laws or  
ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political      
subdivision ( a ,/ate t p]mit or require
 a public employ] to recognize a labor  
organization on ! basis ( sign$         
au?orizations execut$ by public         
employees designat+ ! labor organization
 z _! repres5tative4  7#d7 ,limit$      
en=cem5t p[] ,9 ! case ( a law describ$ 
9 section #d7;d77#b71 ! ,au?ority %all  
only ex]cise ! p[]s provid$ 9 section #e
 ) respect to ^? categories ( public    
employees = :om ! ,/ate does n          
sub/antially provide ! rights &         
responsibilities describ$ 9 section     
#d7;b74  #i4 ,au?orization (            

appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y  
to c>ry out ! provisions ( ?is ,act4