,,ii  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bjcb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,octob] #cj1 #bjag,ms4 
,cantwell 7= h]self & ,mr4 ,rob]ts7     
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on       
,f9ance  ,a ,,bill  ,to make c]ta9      
footwe> eligible = duty-free treatm5t "u
 ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces1 & =   
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,,gsp ,footwe> ,act (  
#bjag4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes !    
foll[+ f9d+s3  7#a7 ,! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em 
( ,pref]5ces "u title ,v ( ! ,trade ,act
 ( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #bdfa et seq47 0
 enact$ to promote economic developm5t 9
 develop+ & lea/-develop$ c\ntries by   
exp&+ trade opportunities4  7#b7        
,articles ref]r$ to z footwe> &         
classifi$ "u *apt] #fd ( ! ,h>moniz$    
,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates may n  
be designat$ z eligible articles =      
purposes ( ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (         
,pref]5ces4  7#c7 ,global trade &       
manufactur+ dynamics h evolv$ s9ce !    

enactm5t ( ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (         
,pref]5ces 9 #aigd1 & _m footwe>        
articles may no long] be import-s5sitive
 to indu/ries 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4        
,companies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates b5efit :5  
s\rc+ options are increas$1 :i* is key  
goal ( ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces4 
7#d7 ,by remov+ c]ta9 footwe> articles f
 ! li/ ( articles exclud$ f eligibility 
"u ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces1     
,congress is n *ang+ rates 9 ! ,h>moniz$
 ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b    
in/ead is all[+ ^? articles access to ! 
annual review process "u ! ,g5]aliz$    
,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces1 :i* relies on      
inve/igations & recomm5dations f !      
indep5d5t ,unit$ ,/ates ,int]national   
,trade ,commission1 among o!r ag5cies ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4  7#e7 ,z (   
#bjae1 #ff ( ! #abd c\ntries designat$ z
 b5efici>y develop+ c\ntries "u !       
,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces export to 
! ,unit$ ,/ates articles classifi$ "u   
,*apt] #fd ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,fifte5 ( ^? c\ntries

 h be5 designat$ z lea/-develop$        
b5efici>y develop+ c\ntries = purposes (
 ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces4  7#f7 
,c\ntries designat$ z b5efici>y develop+
 c\ntries "u ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (       
,pref]5ces acc\nt = only #f4g p]c5t (   
imports ( footwe> into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
7#g7 ,! provision ( duty-free treatm5t  
"u ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces =    
c]ta9 footwe> articles import$ into !   
,unit$ ,/ates may result 9 a %ift 9 !   
production ( ^? articles to c\ntries    
designat$ z b5efici>y develop+ c\ntries 
or lea/-develop$ b5efici>y develop+     
c\ntries "u ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (        
,pref]5ces1 & !reby promote economic    
gr[? 9 su* c\ntries4  #c4 ,purpose ,!   
purpose ( ?is ,act is-- 7#a7 to provide 
duty-free treatm5t = c]ta9 footwe> 9 a  
mann] t provides z broad a b5efit to all
 p>ticipat+ c\ntries z possible2 &  7#b7
 to give all c\ntries eligible = su*    
duty-free treatm5t an opportunity to    
manufacture t footwe> if a review       
det]m9es t su* duty-free treatm5t is    

w>rant$4  #d4 ,eligibility ( c]ta9      
footwe> = duty-free treatm5t "u !       
,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces ,section  
#ejc7;b7 ( ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd 7#ai   
,u4,s4,c4 #bdfc7;b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by 
designat+ ! second p>agraph 7#e7 z      
p>agraph 7#f72  7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#a7--  
7,a7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+       
p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#e7 & ins]t+ p>agraphs
 7#d7 & 7#f72 &  7,b7 9 subp>agraph     
7,e71 by /rik+ 9 p>agraph 7#e7 & ins]t+ 
9 p>agraphs 7#f7 & 7#g72 &  7#c7 by add+
 at ! end ! foll[+3  7#g7 ,c]ta9 footwe>
 ,not)/&+ p>agraph 7#a77;,e71 !         
,presid5t may designate ! foll[+ z      
eligible articles "u subsection 7a73    
7,a7 ,articles classifiable "u subhead+ 
#fdjb4ia4db1 #fdjb4ii4ba1 #fdjb4ii4ca1  
#fdjb4ii4cb1 #fdjd4aa4gi1 #fdjd4ai4gi1  
or #fdjd4ai4ij ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff     
,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7,b7        
,articles classifiable "u /ati/ical     
report+ numb] #fdjd4aa4hicj1            
#fdjd4aa4hifj1 #fdjd4aa4hiij1           
#fdjd4ai4cgae1 #fdjd4ai4cgcj1           

#fdjd4ai4cgfj1 #fdjd4ai4egcj1           
#fdjd4ai4egfj1 #fdjd4ai4ggcj1           
#fdjd4ai4ggfj1 #fdjd4ai4hicj1           
#fdjd4ai4hifj1 or #fdjd4ai4hiij ( !     
,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 z su* /ati/ical report+ numb]s  
are 9 effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ! 
,,gsp ,footwe> ,act ( #bjag4  7,c7 ,!   
foll[+ footwe> articles3 7i7 ,footwe> = 
m5 or = wom51 ) out] soles & upp]s (    
rubb] or pla/ics 7except vulcaniz$      
footwe> & footwe> ) wat]pro( mold$ or   
vulcaniz$ bottoms1 includ+ bottoms      
compris+ an out] sole & all or "p ( !   
upp]1 & except footwe> design$ to be    
protective t is incomplete 9 its        
condition z import$71 valu$ at m ?an #be
 p] pair1 ^: height f ! bottom ( ! out] 
sole to ! top ( ! upp] does n exce$ #aj 
in*es 7#be4d c5timet]s71 design$ to be  
worn 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a 
protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or  
*emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e  
su* protection includes protection aga9/
 wat] t is imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$  

textile fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+    
#fdjb4ia4ej ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7ii7 ,footwe> =   
p]sons o!r ?an m5 or wom51 ) out] soles 
& upp]s ( rubb] or pla/ics 7except      
vulcaniz$ footwe> & footwe> ) wat]pro(  
mold$ or vulcaniz$ bottoms1 includ+     
bottoms compris+ an out] sole & all or  
"p ( ! upp]1 & except footwe> design$ to
 be protective t is incomplete 9 its    
condition z import$71 valu$ at m ?an #af
 p] pair1 design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b
 n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/
 wat]1 oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold 
or inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection    
includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjb4ia4ej
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7iii7 ,footwe> = p]sons o!r  
?an m5 or wom51 ) out] soles & upp]s (  
rubb] or pla/ics 7o!r ?an sports footwe>
 describ$ 9 ,subhead+ ,note #a to *apt] 
#fd ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates7 t is design$ = outdoor   

activities1 su* z hik+ %oes1 trekk+     
%oes1 runn+ %oes1 & trail runn+ %oes1   
:i* provides protection aga9/ wat] t is 
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric1 ) or )\t insulation1 valu$ at m 
?an #af p] pair 7provid$ = 9 subhead+   
#fdjb4ia4ej ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7iv7 ,footwe> = m5
 or = wom51 ) out] soles & upp]s ( rubb]
 or pla/ics 7o!r ?an sports footwe>     
describ$ 9 ,subhead+ ,note #a to *apt]  
#fd ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates7 t is design$ = outdoor   
activities1 su* z hik+ %oes1 trekk+     
%oes1 runn+ %oes & trail runn+ %oes1    
valu$ at m ?an #be p] pair1 :i* provides
 protection aga9/ wat] t is imp>t$ by ! 
use ( a lam9at$ textile fabric1 ) or )\t
 insulation1 ^: height f ! bottom is at 
lea/ #f in*es 7#ae4ce c5timet]s7 & does 
n exce$ #aj in*es 7#be4d c5timet]s7     
7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjb4ia4ej ( !   
,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates74  7v7 ,footwe> = m5 or = wom51 )
 out] soles & upp]s ( rubb] or pla/ics  

7except vulcaniz$ footwe> & footwe> )   
wat]pro( mold$ bottoms or vulcaniz$     
bottoms1 includ+ bottoms compris+ an    
out] sole & all or "p ( ! upp]1 & except
 footwe> design$ to be protective t is  
incomplete 9 its condition z import$71 n
 cov]+ ! ankle or hav+ a protective     
metal-toe cap1 valu$ at m ?an #be p]    
pair1 design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b n  
ov]1 o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/   
wat]1 oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold  
or inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection    
includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjb4ii4cc
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7vi7 ,footwe> = p]sons o!r   
?an m5 or wom51 ) out] soles & upp]s (  
rubb] or pla/ics 7except vulcaniz$      
footwe> & footwe> ) wat]pro( mold$      
bottoms or vulcaniz$ bottoms1 includ+   
bottoms compris+ an out] sole & all or  
"p ( ! upp]1 & except footwe> design$ to
 be protective t is incomplete 9 its    
condition z import$71 n cov]+ ! ankle or

 hav+ a protective metal-toe cap1 valu$ 
at m ?an #af p] pair1 design$ to be worn
 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a     
protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or  
*emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e  
su* protection includes protection aga9/
 wat] t is imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$  
textile fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+    
#fdjb4ii4cc ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7vii7 ,sports     
footwe> = m5 or = wom5 ) out] soles (   
rubb] or pla/ics & upp]s ( textile1     
valu$ at m ?an #bj p] pair1 o!r ?an ski 
boots1 cross c\ntry ski footwe>1 &      
sn[bo>d boots1 design$ to be worn 9 lieu
 (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a protection 
aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or *emicals or 
cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e su*          
protection is imp>t$ by ! use ( a       
lam9at$ textile & ) op5+s 9 ! bottom or 
side ( ! sole1 or cov]$ op5+s 9 ! upp]  
above ! sole unit1 or a comb9ation !re(1
 design$ to p]mit moi/ure vapor         
transport f "u ! foot 7provid$ = 9      
subhead+ #fdjd4aa4ij ( ! ,h>moniz$      

,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74      
7viii7 ,golf footwe> = m51 y\?s1 or boys
 ) out] soles ( rubb]1 pla/ics1 lea!r1  
or composition lea!r & upp]s ( lea!r1 n 
pigsk9 or welt1 design$ to be worn 9    
lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a        
protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or  
*emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e  
su* protection is imp>t$ by ! use ( a   
lam9at$ textile & ) op5+s 9 ! bottom or 
side ( ! sole1 or cov]$ op5+s 9 ! upp]  
above ! sole unit1 or a comb9ation !re(1
 design$ to p]mit moi/ure vapor         
transport f "u ! foot 7z provid$ = "u   
subhead+ #fdjc4ai4cj ( ! ,h>moniz$      
,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7ix7
 ,footwe> = m51 ) upp]s ( lea!r o!r ?an 
( pigsk9 7o!r ?an "w footwe>1 t5nis     
%oes1 basketball %oes1 gym %oes1 tra9+  
%oes & ! l1 & o!r ?an slip-on footwe>71 
cov]+ ! ankle1 valu$ at m ?an #bg p]    
pair1 design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b n  
ov]1 o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/   
wat]1 oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold  
or inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection    

includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjc4ia4fj
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7x7 ,footwe> = wom51 ) upp]s 
( lea!r o!r ?an ( pigsk9 7o!r ?an "w    
footwe>1 t5nis %oes1 basketball %oes1   
gym %oes1 tra9+ %oes & ! l1 & o!r ?an   
slip-on footwe>71 cov]+ ! ankle1 valu$  
at m ?an #bg p] pair1 design$ to be worn
 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a     
protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or  
*emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e  
su* protection includes protection aga9/
 wat] t is imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$  
textile fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+    
#fdjc4ia4ij ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7xi7 ,footwe> =   
p]sons o!r ?an m5 or wom51 ) upp]s (    
lea!r o!r ?an ( pigsk9 7o!r ?an "w      
footwe>1 t5nis %oes1 basketball %oes1   
gym %oes1 tra9+ %oes & ! l1 & o!r ?an   
slip-on footwe>71 cov]+ ! ankle1 valu$  
at m ?an #ah p] pair1 design$ to be worn
 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a     

protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or  
*emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e  
su* protection includes protection aga9/
 wat] t is imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$  
textile fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+    
#fdjc4ia4ij ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7xii7 ,footwe> =  
m51 ) upp]s ( lea!r o!r ?an ( pigsk9    
7o!r ?an h\se slipp]s1 "w footwe>1 t5nis
 %oes1 basketball %oes1 gym %oes1 tra9+ 
%oes & ! l1 & o!r ?an slip-on footwe>71 
n cov]+ ! ankle1 valu$ at m ?an #bg p]  
pair1 design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b n  
ov]1 o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/   
wat]1 oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold  
or inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection    
includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjc4ii4fj
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7xiii7 ,footwe> = wom51 )    
upp]s ( lea!r o!r ?an ( pigsk9 7o!r ?an 
h\se slipp]s1 "w footwe>1 t5nis %oes1   
basketball %oes1 gym %oes1 tra9+ %oes & 
! l1 & o!r ?an slip-on footwe>71 n cov]+

 ! ankle1 valu$ at m ?an #bg p] pair1   
design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1   
o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/ wat]1  
oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold or     
inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection       
includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjc4ii4ij
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7xiv7 ,footwe> = p]sons o!r  
?an m5 or wom51 ) upp]s ( lea!r o!r ?an 
( pigsk9 7o!r ?an h\se slipp]s1 "w      
footwe>1 t5nis %oes1 basketball %oes1   
gym %oes1 tra9+ %oes & ! l1 & o!r ?an   
slip-on footwe>71 n cov]+ ! ankle1 valu$
 at m ?an #ah p] pair1 design$ to be    
worn 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z a 
protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1 or  
*emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r :]e  
su* protection includes protection aga9/
 wat] t is imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$  
textile fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+    
#fdjc4ii4ij ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  7xv7 ,footwe> = m5
 or = wom51 ) out] soles ( rubb]1       

pla/ics1 lea!r1 or composition lea!r &  
upp]s ( textile mat]ials 7except        
vulcaniz$ footwe> & footwe> ) wat]pro(  
mold$ or vulcaniz$ bottoms1 includ+     
bottoms compris+ an out] sole & all or  
"p ( ! upp]1 "w footwe>1 & except       
footwe> design$ to be protective t is   
incomplete 9 its condition z import$71  
valu$ at m ?an #be p] pair1 n cov]+ !   
ankle1 design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b n 
ov]1 o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/   
wat]1 oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold  
or inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection    
includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjd4ai4bj
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7xvi7 ,footwe> = m5 or =     
wom51 ) out] soles ( rubb]1 pla/ics1    
lea!r1 or composition lea!r & upp]s (   
textile mat]ials 7except vulcaniz$      
footwe> & footwe> ) wat]pro( mold$ or   
vulcaniz$ bottoms1 includ+ bottoms      
compris+ an out] sole & all or "p ( !   
upp]1 "w footwe>1 & except footwe>      

design$ to be protective t is incomplete
 9 its condition z import$71 valu$ at m 
?an #be p] pair1 ^: height f ! bottom ( 
! out] sole to ! top ( ! upp] does n    
exce$ #aj in*es 7#be4d c5timet]s71      
design$ to be worn 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1   
o!r footwe> z a protection aga9/ wat]1  
oil1 grease1 or *emicals or cold or     
inclem5t wea!r :]e su* protection       
includes protection aga9/ wat] t is     
imp>t$ by ! use ( a lam9at$ textile     
fabric 7provid$ = 9 subhead+ #fdjd4ai4bj
 ( ! ,h>moniz$ ,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates74  7xvii7 ,footwe> = p]sons o!r 
?an m5 or wom51 ) out] soles ( rubb]1   
pla/ics1 lea!r1 or composition lea!r &  
upp]s ( textile mat]ials 7except        
vulcaniz$ footwe> & footwe> ) wat]pro(  
mold$ or vulcaniz$ bottoms1 includ+     
bottoms compris+ an out] sole & all or  
"p ( ! upp]1 "w footwe>1 & except       
footwe> design$ to be protective t is   
incomplete 9 its condition z import$71  
valu$ at m ?an #af p] pair1 design$ to  
be worn 9 lieu (1 b n ov]1 o!r footwe> z

 a protection aga9/ wat]1 oil1 grease1  
or *emicals or cold or inclem5t wea!r   
:]e su* protection includes protection  
aga9/ wat] t is imp>t$ by ! use ( a     
lam9at$ textile fabric 7provid$ = 9     
subhead+ #fdjd4ai4bj ( ! ,h>moniz$      
,t>iff ,s*$ule ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates74  4   
#e4 ,/udies on /ate ( dome/ic footwe>   
indu/ry & probable effect ( exp&$       
duty-free treatm5t ( footwe> articles   
7a7 ,/udy on /ate ( dome/ic footwe>     
indu/ry  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all
 include 9 ea* ( ! fir/ #f annual       
reports "u section #ejd ( ! ,trade ,act 
( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #bdfd7 submitt$  
aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act !   
results ( a /udy on ! /ate ( ! footwe>  
manufactur+ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
dur+ ! ye> prec$+ ! submission ( !      
report4  7#b7 ,elem5ts ,ea* /udy requir$
 "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all focus on *anges  
to ! categories ( footwe> manufactur$ 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! ye> cov]$ by !   
/udy = ! purpose ( accurately det]m9+   
:i* footwe> categories are manufactur$ 9

 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7b7 ,/udy on probable
 economic effect ( exp&$ duty-,free     
treatm5t ,to support ef=ts by           
manufactur]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to exp&  
production ( footwe>1 9 conduct+ any    
/udy ( ! probable economic effect (     
provid+ duty-free treatm5t "u title ,v (
 ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4   
#bdfa et seq47 to footwe> articles1 !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,trade ,repres5tative %all
 reque/ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,int]national 
,trade ,commission n only exam9e curr5t 
dome/ic production ( l or directly      
competitive articles1 b also id5tify any
 articles = :i* dome/ic production at a 
comm]cial level is likely to occur )9 ! 
next ye>4