,,ii #aae? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 #afeg ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,july #bg1 #bjag ,mr4 ,lee 7= himself & ,mr4 ,leahy7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ,a ,,bill ,to am5d title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to update ! privacy protections = electronic communications in=mation t is /or$ by ?ird-p>ty s]vice provid]s & = geolocation in=mation 9 ord] to protect consum] privacy int]e/s :ile meet+ law en=cem5t ne$s1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,,ecpa ,mod]nization ,act ( #bjag4 #b4 ,w>rant = /or$ cont5t & geolocation in=mation 7a7 ,volunt>y disclosure ( cu/om] communications or records ,section #bgjb ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ divulge & ins]t+ disclose2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ :ile 9 electronic /orage by t s]vice & ins]t+ t is 9 electronic /orage ) or o!rwise /or$1 held1 or ma9ta9$ by t s]vice2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ to ! public2 7ii7 by /rik+ divulge & ins]t+ disclose2 & 7iii7 by /rik+ :i* is c>ri$ or ma9ta9$ on & ins]t+ t is /or$1 held1 or ma9ta9$ by2 & 7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#c7-- 7i7 by /rik+ a provid] ( & ins]t+ a p]son or entity provid+2 7ii7 by ins]t+ 1 or a geolocation s]vice1 aft] public2 7iii7 by /rik+ divulge & ins]t+ disclose ! cont5ts ( any communication describ$ 9 section #bgjc7;a72 7iv7 by /rik+ a record & ins]t+ 1 any records1 geolocation in=mation12 & 7v7 by /rik+ 7n includ+ ! cont5ts ( communications cov]$ by p>agraph 7#a7 or 7#b77 to any gov]nm5tal entity & ins]t+ to any gov]nm5tal entity2 7#b7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ divulge & ins]t+ disclose2 & 7ii7 by ins]t+ wire or electronic be=e communication2 7,b7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#a7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7#a7 to an orig9ator1 addressee1 or int5d$ recipi5t ( su* communication1 to ! subscrib] or cu/om] on ^: behalf ! provid] /ores1 holds1 or ma9ta9s su* communication1 or to an ag5t ( su* addressee1 int5d$ recipi5t1 subscrib]1 or cu/om]2 2 & 7,c7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#c7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7#c7 ) ! lawful cons5t ( ! orig9ator1 addressee1 or int5d$ recipi5t ( su* communication1 or ( ! subscrib] or cu/om] on ^: behalf ! provid] /ores1 holds1 or ma9ta9s su* communication2 2 & 7#c7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ divulge & ins]t+ disclose2 7ii7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation1 aft] record2 & 7iii7 by ins]t+ wire or electronic be=e communications2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by /rik+ cu/om] & ins]t+ subscrib]2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ or subscrib] & ins]t+ or cu/om]2 7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ or at ! end2 7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#f71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 or2 & 7,e7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#g7 to a gov]nm5tal entity z p]mitt$ "u section #bbb7;d77#d7 ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #bbb7;d77#d77 9 ord] to respond to a call = em]g5cy s]vices by a us] ( an electronic communications device4 4 7b7 ,requir$ disclosure ( cu/om] communications or records ,section #bgjc ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce-- 7i7 by ins]t+ or remote comput+ s]vice aft] s]vice2 7ii7 by /rik+ 9 an electronic communications sy/em = "o hundr$ & eighty days or less1 only pursuant to & ins]t+ ) or o!rwise /or$1 held1 or ma9ta9$ by ! provid] only if ! gov]nm5tal entity obta9s2 & 7iii7 by ins]t+ direct+ disclosure be=e ! p]iod at ! end2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce2 7#b7 by /rik+ subsection 7b7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7b7 ,notice ,except z provid$ 9 section #bgje1 n lat] ?an #aj bus9ess days aft] a gov]nm5tal entity receives ! cont5ts ( a wire or electronic communication ( a subscrib] or cu/om] f a provid] ( electronic communication s]vice or remote comput+ s]vice1 ! gov]nm5tal entity %all s]ve ^u1 or deliv] to by regi/]$ or fir/-class mail1 electronic mail1 or o!r means reasonably calculat$ to be effective z may be specifi$ by ! c\rt issu+ ! w>rant1 ! subscrib] or cu/om]-- 7#a7 a copy ( ! w>rant or em]g5cy reque/2 & 7#b7 a notice t includes ! in=mation ref]r$ to 9 clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 ( section #bgje7;a77#d77;,b74 2 7#c7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ ,a gov]nm5tal & ins]t+ ,9 g5]al4--,subject to p>agraph 7#b71 a gov]nm5tal2 7,,ii7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation s]vice1 aft] communication s]vice2 7,,iii7 by /rik+ to or & ins]t+ or2 7,,iv7 by /rik+ ( su* s]vice & ins]t+ ( ! provid] or s]vice2 7,v7 by ins]t+ or geolocation in=mation aft] communications2 & 7,,vi7 by /rik+ :5 & ins]t+ if2 7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by ins]t+ direct+ disclosure be=e ! semicolon at ! end2 7iii7 9 subp>agraph 7,b7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ = su* & ins]t+ direct+2 & 7,,ii7 by /rik+ ( ?is section2 7iv7 9 subp>agraph 7,c71 by /rik+ ! semicolon at ! end & ins]t+ 2 or2 7v7 9 subp>agraph 7,d71 by /rik+ 2 or & ins]t+ a p]iod2 & 7vi7 by /rik+ subp>agraph 7,e72 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by /rik+ ,a provid] & ins]t+ ,in=mation to be disclos$4--,a gov]nm5tal entity may require a provid]2 7ii7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation s]vice1 aft] communication s]vice2 7iii7 by /rik+ %all disclose to a gov]nm5tal entity & ins]t+ to disclose1 9 response to an adm9i/rative subpo5a au?oriz$ by ,f$]al or ,/ate /atute1 a gr& jury1 trial1 or civil discov]y subpo5a1 or any means au?oriz$ "u p>agraph 7#a72 & 7iv7 9 ! matt] foll[+ subp>agraph 7,f7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ su* & ins]t+ ! provid] or2 & 7,,ii7 by /rik+ :5 ! gov]nm5tal entity uses an adm9i/rative subpo5a au?oriz$ by a ,f$]al or ,/ate /atute or a ,f$]al or ,/ate gr& jury or trial subpo5a or any means available "u p>agraph 7#a72 & 7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#c7-- 7i7 by /rik+ ,a gov]nm5tal & ins]t+ ,notice n requir$4--,a gov]nm5tal2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ receiv+ & ins]t+ t receives2 7#d7 9 subsection 7f77#a7-- 7,a7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation s]vice1 aft] communication s]vices2 7,b7 by /rik+ a remote & ins]t+ remote2 & 7,c7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation1 aft] records2 7#e7 9 subsection 7g7-- 7,a7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation s]vice1 aft] communications s]vice2 & 7,b7 by ins]t+ 1 geolocation in=mation1 aft] ( communications2 & 7#f7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7h7 ,geolocation in=mation 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a gov]nm5tal entity may require a provid] ( electronic communication s]vice1 geolocation in=mation s]vice1 or remote comput+ s]vice1 to disclose /or$ geolocation in=mation only pursuant to a w>rant issu$ & execut$ 9 accordance ) ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure 7or1 9 ! case ( a ,/ate c\rt1 issu$ us+ ,/ate w>rant proc$ures71 issu$ by a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction4 7#b7 ,notice ,except z provid$ 9 section #bgje1 n lat] ?an #aj bus9ess days aft] a gov]nm5tal entity acquires /or$ geolocation in=mation1 ! gov]nm5tal entity %all s]ve ^u1 or deliv] to by regi/]$ or fir/-class mail1 electronic mail1 or o!r means reasonably calculat$ to be effective z may be specifi$ by ! c\rt issu+ ! w>rant1 ! subscrib] or cu/om]-- 7,a7 a copy ( ! w>rant or em]g5cy reque/2 & 7,b7 a notice t includes ! in=mation ref]r$ to 9 clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 ( section #bgje7;a77#d77;,b74 7i7 ,rule ( con/ruction relat$ to legal process ,no?+ 9 ?is section or 9 section #bgjb %all limit an o!rwise lawful au?ority ( a gov]nm5tal entity to use an adm9i/rative subpo5a au?oriz$ by ,f$]al or ,/ate /atute1 a gr& jury1 trial1 or civil discov]y subpo5a1 or a w>rant issu$ us+ ! proc$ures describ$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure 7or1 9 ! case ( a ,/ate c\rt1 issu$ us+ ,/ate w>rant proc$ures7 by a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction to-- 7#a7 require an orig9ator1 addressee1 or int5d$ recipi5t ( a wire or electronic communication to disclose a wire or electronic communication 7includ+ ! cont5ts ( t communication7 to ! gov]nm5tal entity2 7#b7 require a p]son or entity t provides an electronic communication s]vice to ! (fic]s1 directors1 employees1 or ag5ts ( ! p]son or entity 7= ! purpose ( c>ry+ out _! duties7 to disclose wire or electronic communication 7includ+ ! cont5ts ( t communication7 to or f ! p]son or entity itself or to or f an (fic]1 director1 employee1 or ag5t ( ! entity to a gov]nm5tal entity1 if ! wire or electronic communication is /or$1 held1 or ma9ta9$ on an electronic communications sy/em own$1 op]at$1 or controll$ by ! p]son or entity2 or 7#c7 require a p]son or entity t provides a remote comput+ s]vice or electronic communication s]vice to disclose a wire or electronic communication 7includ+ ! cont5ts ( t communication7 t adv]tises or promotes a product or s]vice & t has be5 made readily accessible to ! g5]al public4 4 7c7 ,co/ reimbursem5t ,section #bgjf7;a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ geolocation in=mation1 aft] records14 #c4 ,p>ticul>ity requirem5t = /or$ electronic records ,section #bgjc7;d7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+-- 7,a7 ! fir/ & second s5t5ces z p>agraph 7#a7 & adju/+ ! m>g9s accord+ly2 & 7,b7 ! ?ird s5t5ce z p>agraph 7#b7 & adju/+ ! m>g9s accord+ly2 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 z r$esignat$-- 7,a7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce-- 7i7 by /rik+ 7b7 or2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ ! cont5ts ( a wire or electronic communication1 or2 & 7,b7 by ins]t+ ,! c\rt ord] %all describe ) p>ticul>ity ! records or o!r in=mation to be seiz$ by specify+1 z appropriate & reasonable 9 light ( ! specific circum/ances ( ! inve/igation1 ! "t p]iods cov]$1 ! t>get individuals or acc\nts1 ! applications or s]vices cov]$1 & ! types ( in=mation s\ght4 aft] inve/igation42 & 7#c7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 z r$esignat$-- 7,a7 by /rik+ 1 if & ins]t+ 1 if--2 7,b7 by /rik+ ! in=mation & ins]t+ 7,a7 ! in=mation2 7,c7 by ins]t+ 2 or aft] nature2 & 7,d7 by /rik+ or compliance & ins]t+ 7,b7 compliance4 #d4 ,notice ( lawfully obta9$ in=mation ,section #bgje ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#a7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a gov]nm5tal entity t is seek+ a w>rant "u subsection 7a7 or 7h7 ( section #bgjc may include 9 ! application = ! w>rant a reque/ = an ord] delay+ ! notification requir$ "u section #bgjc7;b7 = a p]iod ( n m ?an #ij days4 2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ ,an adv]se result = ! purposes ( p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is subsection is & ins]t+ ,det]m9ation4--,a c\rt %all grant a reque/ = delay$ notification made "u p>agraph 7#a7 if ! c\rt det]m9es t !re is reason to believe1 bas$ on specific & articulable facts1 t notification ( ! exi/5ce ( ! w>rant w result 92 7,c7 by /rik+ p>agraphs 7#c7 & 7#d7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7#c7 ,ext5sion ,^u reque/ by a gov]nm5tal entity1 a c\rt may grant "o or m ext5sions ( ! delay ( notification grant$ "u p>agraph 7#b7 ( n m ?an #ij days4 2 7,d7 by r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#e7 z p>agraph 7#d72 7,e7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 z r$esignat$1-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ ,^u & ins]t+ ,expiration ( ! delay ( notification4--,^u2 7,,ii7 by /rik+ 7#a7 or 7#d7 ( ?is subsection & ins]t+ 7#b7 or 7#c72 7,,iii7 by ins]t+ to aft] deliv]2 & 7,,iv7 by /rik+ to1 & ins]t+ 1 electronic mail1 or o!r means reasonably calculat$ to be effective z specifi$ by ! c\rt approv+ ! se>* w>rant12 7ii7 by /rik+ subp>agraph 7,a72 7iii7 by /rik+ a copy ( ! process or reque/ toge!r ) notice t & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7,a7 a copy ( ! w>rant2 & 2 & 7iv7 9 subp>agraph 7,b7-- 7,i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ clause 7i7-- 7aa7 by ins]t+ notice t be=e in=ms2 & 7bb7 by /rik+ su* & ins]t+ !2 7,,ii7 by r$esignat+-- 7aa7 clauses 7ii7 ?r\gh 7iv7 z clauses 7iv7 ?r\gh 7vi71 respectively2 & 7bb7 clause 7i7 z clause 7ii72 7,,iii7 by add+ be=e clause 7ii71 z r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3 7i7 ( ! nature ( ! law en=cem5t inquiry ) reasonable specificity2 2 7,,iv7 9 clause 7ii71 z r$esignat$1 by /rik+ to or reque/$ by t gov]nm5tal au?ority & ! date on :i* ! supply+ or reque/ took place & ins]t+ to1 or reque/$ by1 ! gov]nm5tal entity2 7,v7 by ins]t+ aft] clause 7ii71 z r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3 7iii7 ( ! date on :i* ! w>rant 0 s]v$ on ! provid] & ! date on :i* ! in=mation 0 provid$ by ! provid] to ! gov]nm5tal entity2 2 7,,vi7 9 clause 7v71 z r$esignat$1 by /rik+ :at gov]nm5tal entity or c\rt made ! c]tification or det]m9ation pursuant to :i* t delay 0 made & ins]t+ ! id5tity ( ! c\rt au?oriz+ ! delay2 & 7,,vii7 9 clause 7vi71 z r$esignat$1 by /rik+ :i* provision ( ?is *apt] all[$ su* delay & ins]t+ ( ! provision ( ?is *apt] "u :i* ! delay 0 au?oriz$2 & 7,f7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#f72 & 7#b7 by /rik+ subsection 7b7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7b7 ,preclusion ( notice to subject ( gov]nm5tal access 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a gov]nm5tal entity t is obta9+ ! cont5ts ( a communication or in=mation or records "u section #bgjc may apply to a c\rt = an ord] direct+ a provid] ( electronic communication s]vice1 geolocation s]vice1 or remote comput+ s]vice to :i* a w>rant1 ord]1 subpo5a1 or o!r directive "u section #bgjc is direct$ n to notify any o!r p]son ( ! exi/5ce ( ! w>rant1 ord]1 subpo5a1 or o!r directive = a p]iod ( n m ?an #ij days4 7#b7 ,det]m9ation ,a c\rt %all grant a reque/ = an ord] made "u p>agraph 7#a7 if ! c\rt det]m9es t !re is reason to believe1 bas$ on specific & articulable facts1 t notification ( ! exi/5ce ( ! w>rant1 ord]1 subpo5a1 or o!r directive w result 9-- 7,a7 endang]+ ! life or physical safety ( an individual2 7,b7 flight f prosecution2 7,c7 de/ruction ( or tamp]+ ) evid5ce2 7,d7 intimidation ( pot5tial witnesses2 or 7,e7 o!rwise s]i\sly jeop>diz+ an inve/igation or unduly delay+ a trial4 7#c7 ,ext5sion ,^u reque/ by a gov]nm5tal entity1 a c\rt may grant "o or m ext5sions ( an ord] grant$ "u p>agraph 7#b7 ( n m ?an #ij days4 7#d7 ,notification ( *ang$ circum/ances ,^u conclusion ( ! inve/igation = :i* a w>rant1 ord]1 subpo5a1 or o!r directive "u section #bgjc 0 s\ght1 or if ! ne$ = ! nondisclosure ord] "u subp>agraph 7#b7 ceases to exi/1 ! gov]nm5tal entity t reque/$ ! nondisclosure ord] %all1 )9 a reasonable p]iod ( "t1 notify ! c\rt ( ! *ang$ circum/ances s t ! nondisclosure ord] c be reassess$ or vacat$4 7#e7 ,exception ,a provid] ( electronic communication s]vice or remote comput+ s]vice to :i* an ord] "u subsection 7b77#b7 applies1 or (fic]1 employee1 or ag5t !re(1 may disclose in=mation o!rwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirem5t to-- 7,a7 ^? p]sons to :om disclosure is necess>y 9 ord] to comply ) ! reque/2 7,b7 an attorney 9 ord] to obta9 legal advice or assi/ance reg>d+ ! reque/2 & 7,c7 ^u an application by a provid]1 any p]son ! c\rt det]m9es c be notifi$ ( ! reque/ )\t caus+ ! adv]se result 9 subp>agraph 7#b7 t s]ves z ! basis = ! issuance ( ! nondisclosure ord]4 7#f7 ,scope ( nondisclosure ord] ,any p]son to :om disclosure is made "u p>agraph 7#e7 %all be subject to ! nondisclosure requirem5ts applicable to ! p]son to :om ! ord] is issu$ "u subp>agraph 7#b7 9 ! same mann] z ! p]son to :om ! reque/ is issu$4 ,any recipi5t t discloses to a p]son in=mation o!rwise subject to a nondisclosure requirem5t %all notify ! p]son ( ! applicable nondisclosure requirem5t4 4 #e4 ,w>rant requirem5t = real-"t geolocation in=mation & location track+ 7a7 ,def9itions ,section #bgaa ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,b71 by /rik+ & at ! end2 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a semicolon2 or 7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#e7 ! t]m electronic communications device means any device t enables access to or use ( an electronic communications sy/em1 electronic communication s]vice1 remote comput+ s]vice1 or geolocation in=mation s]vice2 7#f7 ! t]m geolocation in=mation-- 7,a7 means any in=mation conc]n+ ! pa/ or curr5t location ( an electronic communications device t is 9 :ole or 9 "p g5]at$ by or d]iv$ f ! op]ation or use ( ! electronic communications device2 & 7,b7 does n include-- 7i7 in=mation describ$ 9 section #bgjc7;c77#b72 or 7ii7 ! cont5ts ( a communication2 & 7#g7 ! t]m geolocation in=mation s]vice means ! provision ( a s]vice or functionality t uses or collects geolocation in=mation4 4 7b7 ,location track+ ( electronic communications device 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #aba ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #bgac4 ,location track+ ( electronic communications device 7a7 ,prohibition ,except z provid$ 9 subsection 7b71 7c71 or 7d71 or section #bgjb or #bgjc1 no gov]nm5tal entity may access or use an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation4 7b7 ,acquisition pursuant to a w>rant or c\rt ord] ,a gov]nm5tal entity may access or use an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation if ! gov]nm5tal entity obta9s-- 7#a7 a w>rant issu$ & execut$ 9 accordance ) provisions relat+ to track+ devices 9 ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure 7or1 9 ! case ( a ,/ate c\rt1 issu$ us+ ,/ate w>rant proc$ures71 issu$ by a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction au?oriz+ ! access or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation2 or 7#b7 a c\rt ord] "u title ,i1 title ,,iii1 or title ,,vii ( ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq41 #ahba et seq41 & #ahha et seq47 au?oriz+ ! access or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation4 7c7 ,p]mitt$ acquisitions )\t c\rt ord] ,a gov]nm5tal entity may access or use an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation-- 7#a7 z p]mitt$ "u section #bbb7;d77#d7 ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #bbb7;d77#d77 9 ord] to respond to a call = em]g5cy s]vices by a us] ( an electronic communications device2 7#b7 ) ! lawful cons5t ( ! own] or au?oriz$ us] ( ! electronic communications device conc]n$2 or 7#c7 if ! own] or us] ( ! electronic communications device conc]n$ has kn[+ly communicat$ geolocation in=mation 9 a mann] t is readily accessible to ! g5]al public4 7d7 ,em]g5cy acquisition ( geolocation in=mation 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject to p>agraph 7#b71 an inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] specially designat$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,deputy ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,associate ,attorney ,g5]al1 any ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 any act+ ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 any ,unit$ ,/ates attorney1 any act+ ,unit$ ,/ates attorney1 or ! pr9cipal prosecut+ attorney ( any ,/ate or political subdivision !re( act+ pursuant to a /atute ( t ,/ate may access or use an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation if ! inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] reasonably det]m9es t-- 7,a7 an em]g5cy situation exi/s t-- 7i7 involves-- 7,i7 imm$iate dang] ( dea? or s]i\s bodily injury to any p]son2 or 7,,ii7 an imm$iate ?reat to national security2 & 7ii7 requires ! access or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation be=e an ord] au?oriz+ ! acquisition may1 ) due dilig5ce1 be obta9$2 & 7,b7 9 circum/ances 9 :i* geolocation in=mation may be us$ z evid5ce ( a crime or 9 fur!rance ( a crim9al inve/igation1 !re are gr\nds ^u :i* an ord] c\ld be ent]$ "u ?is section to au?orize ! access+ or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation4 7#b7 ,notice1 ord] & t]m9ation ,if an inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] accesses or uses an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation "u p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 ! (fic] %all1 n lat] ?an #aj bus9ess days aft] acquir+ geolocation in=mation1 s]ve ^u1 or deliv] to by regi/]$ or fir/-class mail1 electronic mail1 or o!r means reasonably calculat$ to be effective1 notice to ! own] or au?oriz$ us] ( ! electronic communications device ^: geolocation in=mation 0 acquir$ t su* in=mation 0 obta9$ or access$ pursuant to ! em]g5cy provisions "u ?is subsection & describ+ ! factual bases t l$ to ! (fic]'s det]m9ation t an em]g5cy situation exi/$2 7,b7 9 circum/ances 9 :i* geolocation in=mation may be us$ z evid5ce ( a crime or 9 fur!rance ( a crim9al inve/igation1 n lat] ?an #dh h\rs aft] ! activity to acquire or access ! geolocation in=mation has occurr$1 or beg9s to occur1 ! inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] %all seek a w>rant or ord] describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 approv+ ! acquisition2 & 7,c7 unless a w>rant or ord] describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 is issu$ approv+ ! acquisition1 ! activity to acquire ! geolocation in=mation %all t]m9ate imm$iately at ! e>li] ( ! "t-- 7i7 ! in=mation s\ght is obta9$2 7ii7 ! application = ! w>rant or ord] is d5i$2 or 7iii7 at :i* #dh h\rs h elaps$ s9ce ! activity to acquire or access ! geolocation in=mation began to occur4 7#c7 ,violation & suppression ( evid5ce 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 a circum/ance describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7-- 7i7 no in=mation obta9$1 or evid5ce d]iv$1 f geolocation in=mation acquir$ z "p ( ! access or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation may be receiv$ into evid5ce or o!rwise disclos$ 9 any trial1 he>+1 or o!r proce$+ 9 or be=e any c\rt1 gr& jury1 dep>tm5t1 (fice1 ag5cy1 regulatory body1 legislative committee1 or o!r au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,/ate1 or political subdivision !re(2 7ii7 no in=mation conc]n+ any p]son acquir$ f ! geolocation in=mation may be us$1 dissem9at$1 or disclos$ 9 any o!r mann]1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! p]son2 & 7iii7 all in=mation collect$ %all be promptly de/roy$4 7,b7 ,circum/ances ,a circum/ance describ$ 9 ?is subp>agraph is any in/ance 9 :i*-- 7i7 an inve/igative or law en=cem5t (fic] does n-- 7,i7 obta9 a w>rant or ord] describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 )9 #dh h\rs ( comm5c+ ! access or use ( ! electronic communications device2 or 7,,ii7 t]m9ate ! activity to acquire geolocation in=mation 9 accordance ) p>agraph 7#b77;,b72 or 7ii7 a c\rt d5ies ! application = a w>rant or ord] approv+ ! access+ or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation4 7e7 ,assi/ance & comp5sation 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a w>rant describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#a7 au?oriz+ ! access+ or use ( an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation %all1 ^u reque/ ( ! applicant1 direct t a provid] ( electronic communication s]vice1 remote comput+ s]vice1 or geolocation in=mation s]vice %all provide to ! applicant =?) all in=mation1 facilities1 & te*nical assi/ance necess>y to accompli% ! acquisition unobtrusively & ) a m9imum ( int]f]5ce ) ! s]vices t ! provid] is provid+ to or ?r\gh ! electronic communications device 9 "q4 7#b7 ,comp5sation ,any provid] ( electronic communication s]vice1 remote comput+ s]vice1 or geolocation in=mation s]vice provid+ in=mation1 facilities1 or te*nical assi/ance "u a directive "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all be comp5sat$ by ! applicant = reasonable exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+ ! in=mation1 facilities1 or assi/ance4 7f7 ,no cause ( action aga9/ a provid] ,no cause ( action %all lie 9 any c\rt aga9/ any provid] ( electronic communication s]vice1 remote comput+ s]vice1 or geolocation in=mation s]vice1 or an (fic]1 employee1 or ag5t ( ! provid] or o!r specifi$ p]son = provid+ in=mation1 facilities1 or assi/ance necess>y to accompli% an acquisition ( geolocation in=mation au?oriz$ "u ?is section4 4 7#b7 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table ( sections = *apt] #aba ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #bgac4 ,location track+ ( electronic communications device4 4 #f4 ,suppression ( unlawfully obta9$ wire or electronic communication or geolocation in=mation 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #aba ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z am5d$ by section #e7;b71 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #bgad4 ,suppression rem$y 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,if a gov]nm5tal entity requires ! disclosure ( a wire or electronic communication or geolocation in=mation 9 violation ( ?is *apt]1 or accesses or uses an electronic communications device to acquire geolocation in=mation 9 violation ( ?is *apt]1 no "p ( ! cont5ts ( ! communication1 no geolocation in=mation1 & no evid5ce d]iv$ !refrom may be receiv$ 9 evid5ce 9 any trial1 he>+1 or o!r proce$+ 9 or be=e any c\rt1 gr& jury1 dep>tm5t1 (fic]1 ag5cy1 regulatory body1 legislative committee1 or o!r au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,/ate1 or a political subdivision !re(4 7b7 ,gr\nds ,an aggriev$ p]son 9 a trial1 he>+1 or proce$+ 9 or be=e a c\rt1 dep>tm5t1 (fic]1 ag5cy1 regulatory body1 or o!r au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,/ate1 or a political subdivision !re( may move to suppress ! cont5ts ( any wire or electronic communication or geolocation in=mation disclos$ or acquir$ "u ?is *apt]1 or evid5ce d]iv$ !refrom1 on ! gr\nds t-- 7#a7 ! communication or in=mation 0 unlawfully disclos$2 7#b7 ! w>rant "u :i* x 0 disclos$ is insuffici5t on its face2 or 7#c7 ! disclosure 0 n made 9 con=mity ) ! w>rant4 7c7 ,proc$ure 7#a7 ,tim+ ,a motion "u subsection 7b7 %all be made be=e ! trial1 he>+1 or proce$+ comm5ces1 unless !re 0 no opportunity to make su* motion or ! p]son 0 n aw>e ( ! gr\nds ( ! motion4 7#b7 ,inspection ,! judge or o!r (ficial1 ^u ! fil+ ( a motion "u subsection 7b71 may make available to ! aggriev$ p]son or ! attorney = ! aggriev$ p]son = inspection su* portions ( ! disclos$ communication1 geolocation in=mation1 or evid5ce d]iv$ !refrom z ! judge or o!r (ficial det]m9es to be 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice4 7#c7 ,motion grant$ ,if a motion "u subsection 7b7 is grant$1 ! cont5ts ( ! disclos$ wire or electronic communication1 geolocation in=mation1 or evid5ce d]iv$ !refrom1 %all be treat$ z hav+ be5 obta9$ 9 violation ( ?is *apt]4 7d7 ,appeal ,9 addition to any o!r "r to appeal1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h ! "r to appeal an ord] grant+ a motion to suppress made "u subsection 7b7 if ! ,unit$ ,/ates attorney c]tifies to ! judge or o!r (ficial grant+ su* motion t ! appeal is n tak5 = purposes ( delay4 ,su* appeal %all be tak5 )9 #cj days aft] ! date ! ord] 0 ent]$ & %all be dilig5tly prosecut$4 7e7 ,def9ition ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m aggriev$ p]son means-- 7#a7 a p]son ^: wire or electronic communication or geolocation in=mation 0 disclos$ pursuant to ?is *apt]2 or 7#b7 ! own] or au?oriz$ us] ( ! electronic communications device ^: geolocation in=mation 0 acquir$ pursuant to ?is *apt]4 4 7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table ( sections = *apt] #aba ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z am5d$ by section #e7;b71 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #bgad4 ,suppression rem$y4 4 #g4 ,p5 regi/] & trap & trace re=ms 7a7 ,application = an ord] = a p5 regi/] or a trap & trace device ,section #cabb7;b77#b7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ a c]tification by ! applicant & ins]t+ specific & articulable facts %[+ t !re are reasonable gr\nds to believe2 & 7#b7 by ins]t+ & mat]ial aft] relevant4 7b7 ,issuance ( an ord] = a p5 regi/] or a trap & trace device ,section #cabc ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ c]tifi$ to ! c\rt & ins]t+ (f]$ specific & articulable facts %[+ t !re are reasonable gr\nds to believe2 & 7ii7 by ins]t+ & mat]ial aft] relevant2 & 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by /rik+ has c]tifi$ to ! c\rt & ins]t+ (f]$ specific & articulable facts %[+ t !re are reasonable gr\nds to believe2 & 7ii7 by ins]t+ & mat]ial aft] relevant2 & 7#b7 9 subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ = a p]iod ( #cj days aft] t]m9ation ( ! ord]1 unless aft] seal$2 & 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by ins]t+ = a p]iod ( #cj days aft] t]m9ation ( ! ord] aft] inve/igation4 #h4 ,,gao & ,,fcc report on cell-site simulators 7a7 ,,fcc report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t1 ! ,f$]al ,communications ,commission %all submit to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report reg>d+ ! dome/ic use ( cell-site simulators 7or ,,imsi cat*]s7 by ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local law en=cem5t ag5cies1 :i* %all include-- 7#a7 an evaluation ( ! security vuln]abilities 9 cellul> phones & cellul> networks exploit$ by cell-site simulators1 & ! ext5t to :i* ^? vuln]abilities c\ld be or h be5 exploit$ by crim9als or =eign gov]nm5ts2 & 7#b7 an analysis ( :e!r ! use ( cell-site simulators results 9 disruptions 9 cellul> phone s]vice 9 affect$ areas & ! ext5t ( su* disruptions4 7b7 ,,gao report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t1 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all submit to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report reg>d+ ! dome/ic use ( cell-site simulators 7or ,,imsi cat*]s7 by ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local law en=cem5t ag5cies1 :i* to ! ext5t feasible %all include-- 7#a7 a li/ ( ea* ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local law en=cem5t ag5cy t uses cell-site simulators1 & = :at purposes1 includ+ :e!r ! devices are us$ to monitor prote/s or o!r l>ge public ga!r+s & ! types ( crimes !y are us$ to inve/igate2 7#b7 ! ext5t to :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t is provid+ or fund+ ! pur*ase ( cell-site simulators = ,/ate & local law en=cem5t ag5cies1 includ+ :i* ,f$]al grants are us$ = su* purpose2 7#c7 a li/ ( ea* ,f$]al ag5cy t makes cell-site simulators available = use by ,/ate or local law en=cem5t ag5cies1 in=mation ab\t any agreem5ts or proc$ures gov]n+ t %>+1 & in=mation ab\t h[ frequ5tly su* %>+ occurs2 7#d7 :e!r any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law en=cem5t ag5cies are us+ cell-site simulators to obta9 ! cont5ts ( communications1 deliv] malw>e to phones1 or = purposes o!r ?an locat+ a p>ticul> cellul> device2 7#e7 :e!r & ! ext5t to :i* any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law en=cem5t ag5cies are us+ cell-site simulators = en=cem5t ( civil immigration law2 7#f7 an explanation ( ! me?ods us$ by ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law en=cem5t ag5cies to deploy cell-site simulators1 includ+ :e!r su* devices are atta*$ to planes or o!r a]ial devices2 7#g7 an explanation ( ! approval process t ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local law en=cem5t ag5cies require prior to use ( cell-site simulators1 :e!r ^! ag5cies obta9 judicial approval prior to deploym5t ( cell-site simulators1 & if s1 :at type & ) :at frequ5cy2 7#h7 an evaluation ( :e!r ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law en=cem5t ag5cies h adequate tra9+ & audit+ me*anisms 9 place reg>d+ ! use ( cell-site simulators1 & :e!r ^! ag5cies h policies or proc$ures gov]n+ ! deletion ( in=mation collect$ by cell-site simulators2 7#i7 ! numb] ( ,/ate & local law en=cem5t ag5cies t are subject to nondisclosure agreem5ts or o!r ord]s limit+ disclosure ( in=mation reg>d+ ! use ( cell-site simulators2 & 7#aj7 ! ext5t to :i* ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law en=cem5t use ( cell cite simulators has a disproportionate impact on p>ticul> communities1 & disp>ately impacts p>ticul> racial1 e?nic1 or o!r disadvantag$ communities4 #i4 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act1 or an am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1 %all be con/ru$ to preclude ! acquisition by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t (-- 7#a7 ! cont5ts ( a wire or electronic communication pursuant to o!r lawful au?orities1 includ+ ! au?orities "u *apt] #aai ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq471 or any o!r provision ( ,f$]al law n specifically am5d$ by ?is ,act2 or 7#b7 geolocation in=mation1 records or o!r in=mation relat+ to a subscrib] or cu/om] ( any electronic communication s]vice or remote comput+ s]vice 7n includ+ ! cont5t ( su* communications7 pursuant to *apt] #aai ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq471 or any o!r provision ( ,f$]al law n specifically am5d$ by ?is ,act4