,,ii #aae? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 #ajej ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,may #d1 #bjag ,ms4 ,duckwor? 7= h]self & ,mr4 ,co*ran7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs ,a ,,bill ,to aw>d a ,congressional ,gold ,m$al1 collectively1 to ! ,*9ese-,am]ican ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 9 recognition ( _! d$icat$ s]vice dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,*9ese-,am]ican ,_w ,w> ,,ii ,vet]an ,congressional ,gold ,m$al ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t-- 7#a7 ,*9ese ,am]icans s]v$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 e conflict s9ce ! ,civil ,w>1 & di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 s]v+ 9 e !at] ( battle & e bran* ( s]vice1 e>n+ citations = _! h]oism & honorable s]vice1 includ+ ! ,congressional ,m$al ( ,honor2 7#b7 ,*9ese nationals & ,*9ese ,am]icans fac$ in/itutional discrim9ation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce be=e ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 limit+ ! size ( _! population & _! ability to build ?riv+ communities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#c7 ! ,act ( ,may #e1 #ahib 7#bg ,/at4 #be1 *apt] #fj7 7commonly kn[n z ! 8,ge>y ,act0 or ! 8,*9ese ,exclusion ,act071 0 ! fir/ ,f$]al law t broadly re/rict$ immigration & a specific nationality1 mak+ x illegal = ,*9ese labor]s to immigrate to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & limit+ ! ,*9ese population 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ov] #fj ye>s2 7#d7 major c\rt decisions su* z ! decisions 9 ,lum v4 ,rice1 #bge ,u4,s4 #gh 7#aibg71 & ,p v4 ,hall1 #d ,cal4 #cii 7#ahed71 f\nd yell[ races to be equal to ,african ,am]icans ) reg>d to sep>ate b equal s*ool facilities1 & prohibit$ ,*9ese ,am]icans1 along ) ,black1 mulatto1 or ,indian p]sons1 f te/ify+ aga9/ ,:ite m52 7#e7 ,*9ese ,am]icans 7 h>ass$1 beat51 & murd]$ because ( _! e?nicity1 includ+ ! ,*9ese ,massacre ( #ahga1 :]e #ag ,*9ese immigrants 9 ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia1 7 tortur$ & murd]$1 ! ,rock ,spr+ ,massacre ( #ahhe :]e ,:ite riot]s kill$ #bh ,*9ese m9]s & burn$ #ge ( _! homes 9 ,rock ,spr+s1 ,wyom+1 & ! ,hells ,canyon ,massacre ( #ahhg :]e #cd ,*9ese gold m9]s 7 ambu%$ & murd]$ 9 ,hells ,canyon1 ,oregon2 7#f7 !re 7 only #gh1jjj ,*9ese ,am]icans liv+ on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ma9l&1 ) #bi1jjj liv+ 9 ,hawaii1 at ! />t ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii z result ( ,f$]al & ,/ate legislation & judicial decisions2 7#g7 despite ! anti-,*9ese discrim9ation at ! "t1 z _m z #bj1jjj ,*9ese ,am]icans s]v$ 9 ! ,arm$ ,=ces dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ( :om1 approximately #dj p]c5t 7 n ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s due to ! laws t d5i$ citiz5%ip to p]sons ( ,*9ese desc5t2 7#h7 ,*9ese ,am]icans1 al?\gh small 9 numb]s1 made important contributions to ! ,_w ,w> ,,ii ef=t2 7#i7 ( ! total ,*9ese ,am]icans s]v+1 approximately #be p]c5t s]v$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,air ,=ce1 ) "s s5t to ! ,*9a-,burma-,india ,!at] ) ! #ad? ,air ,s]vice ,gr\p2 7#aj7 ! rema9d] ( ,*9ese ,am]icans :o s]v$ 9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii s]v$ 9 all bran*es ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces 9 all #d !at]s ( w>2 7#aa7 ! fir/ all ,*9ese-,am]ican gr\p 0 ! #ad? ,air ,s]vice ,gr\p1 #hei? ,signal ,corps 9 ! ,*9a-,burma-,india ,!at] :i* enabl$ ext5sive & effective op]ations aga9/ ! ,japanese milit>y 9 ,*9a2 7#ab7 ,*9ese ,am]icans are widely ackn[l$g$ = _! role 9 ! #ad? ,air ,=ce1 #bcrd ,fight] ,gr\p1 widely kn[n z ! ,fly+ ,tig]s2 7#ac7 ! ,fly+ ,tig]s ev5tually e/abli%$ ,unit$ ,/ates air sup]iority 9 ,*9a & support$ c>go flights f ,india to ,*9a ov] ,! ,hump2 7#ad7 ,*9ese ,am]icans assign$ to ! ,*9a-,burma-,india ,!at] made transoceanic j\rneys ?r\gh ho/ile t]ritories & 7 subject to enemy attack :ile at sea & 9 ! air2 7#ae7 9 ! ,pacific ,!at]1 ,*9ese ,am]icans 7 9 gr\nd1 air1 & ocean combat & support roles ?r\gh\t ! ,pacific includ+ ,new ,gu9ea1 ,guadalcanal1 ,solomon ,isl&s1 ,iwo ,jima1 ,ok9awa1 ,philipp9es1 ,m>iana ,isl&s1 & ,aleutian ,isl&s2 7#af7 ?r\gh\t ! ,pacific & ,*9a-,burma-,india !at]s1 ,*9ese ,am]icans p]=m$ vital functions 9 translat+1 coord9at+ ,national ,*9ese & ,unit$ ,/ates combat op]ations1 s]vic+ & repair+ aircraft & armam5ts1 tra9+ ,national ,*9ese troops & sailors1 deliv]+ m$ical c>e1 provid+ signal & communication support1 ga!r+ & analyz+ intellig5ce1 p>ticipat+ 9 gr\nd & air combat1 & secur+ & deliv]+ supplies2 7#ag7 ,*9ese ,am]icans also s]v$ 9 combat & support roles 9 ! ,european & ,african !at]s1 s]v+ 9 ,nor? ,africa1 ,sicily1 ,italy1 ! ,norm&y ,d-,day invasion1 :i* lib]at$ ,we/]n ,europe1 & ! ,battle ( ! ,bulge1 occupy+ ,we/]n ,g]many :ile help+ to lib]ate ,c5tral ,europe2 7#ah7 ,*9ese ,am]icans flew bomb] missions1 s]v$ 9 infantry units & combat %ips 9 ! ,battle ( ! ,atlantic1 includ+ abo>d ,m]*ant ,m>9es convoys vuln]able to subm>9e & air attacks2 7#ai7 ,*9ese-,am]ican wom5 left traditional dome/ic duties = patriotic s]vice1 s]v+ z translators :o int]pret$ ,japanese docum5ts conta9+ milit>y plans2 7#bj7 _m ,*9ese-,am]ican wom5 s]v$ 9 ! ,wom5's ,army ,corps1 ! ,army ,air ,=ces1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,naval ,res]ve ,wom5's ,res]ve1 & "s became pilots1 air traffic controll]s1 flight tra9]s1 wea!r =eca/]s1 occupational !rapi/s1 & nurses2 7#ba7 ,capta9 ,francis ,b4 ,wai is ! only ,*9ese ,am]ican :o s]v$ 9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii to h be5 aw>d$ a ,congressional ,m$al ( ,honor1 ! highe/ milit>y aw>d giv5 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7#bb7 ,capta9 ,wai 0 po/hum\sly aw>d$ ! ,di/+ui%$ ,s]vice ,m$al 9 #aidd1 :i* 0 upgrad$ 9 #bjjj to a ,congressional ,m$al ( ,honor2 7#bc7 ,*9ese ,am]icans also e>n$ ,combat ,infantry ,badges1 ,purple ,he>ts1 ,bronze ,/>s1 ,silv] ,/>s1 ,di/+ui%$ ,s]vice ,m$als1 & ,di/+ui%$ ,fly+ ,m$als2 7#bd7 units ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ) ,*9ese ,am]icans 7 also aw>d$ unit citations = valor & brav]y2 7#be7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates rema9s =ev] indebt$ to ! brav]y1 valor1 & d$ication t ! ,*9ese-,am]ican ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii display$2 & 7#bf7 ! commitm5t & sacrifice ( ,*9ese ,am]icans demon/rates a highly uncommon & comm5dable s5se ( patriotism & honor 9 ! face ( discrim9ation4 #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act-- 7#a7 ! t]m ,*9ese-,am]ican ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,,ii includes individuals ( ,*9ese ance/ry :o s]v$-- 7,a7 honorably at any "t dur+ ! p]iod ,decemb] #g1 #aida1 & end+ ,decemb] #ca1 #aidf2 & 7,b7 9 an active duty /atus "u ! comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces2 & 7#b7 ! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4 #d4 ,congressional gold m$al 7a7 ,aw>d au?oriz$ ,! ,presid5t ,pro ,tempore ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all make appropriate arrangem5ts = ! aw>d1 on behalf ( ,congress1 ( a s+le gold m$al ( appropriate design to ! ,*9ese-,am]ican ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 9 recognition ( _! d$icat$ s]vice dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 7b7 ,design & /rik+ ,= ! purposes ( ! aw>d ref]r$ to 9 subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all /rike ! gold m$al ) suitable emblems1 devices1 & inscriptions to be det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y4 7c7 ,smi?sonian in/itute 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,foll[+ ! aw>d ( ! gold m$al 9 honor ( ! ,*9ese-,am]ican ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ! gold m$al %all be giv5 to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 :]e x %all be available = display z appropriate & made available = rese>*4 7#b7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution %\ld make ! gold m$al receiv$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 available = display else:]e1 p>ticul>ly at o!r locations associat$ ) ! ,*9ese-,am]ican ,vet]ans ( ,_w ,,ii or ) ,_w ,w> ,,ii4 7d7 ,duplicate m$als ,"u regulations t ! ,secret>y may promulgate1 ! ,secret>y may /rike & sell duplicates 9 bronze ( ! gold m$al /ruck "u ?is ,act1 at a price suffici5t to cov] ! co/ ( ! m$als1 includ+ labor1 mat]ials1 dies1 use ( ma*9]y1 & ov]head exp5ses4 #e4 ,/atus ( m$al 7a7 ,national m$al ,! gold m$al /ruck "u ?is ,act %all be a national m$al = ! purposes ( *apt] #ea ( title #ca1 ,unites ,/ates ,code4 7b7 ,numismatic items ,= purpose ( section #eacd ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 all m$als /ruck "u ?is ,act %all be consid]$ to be numismatic items4