#aaeth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #ajej ,,an ,,act ,to award a ,congressional ,gold ,medal1 collectively1 to the ,chinese-,american ,veterans of ,world ,war ,,ii1 in recognition of their dedicated service during ,world ,war ,,ii4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,chinese-,american ,world ,war ,,ii ,veteran ,congressional ,gold ,medal ,act4 #b4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 ,chinese ,americans served the ,united ,states in every conflict since the ,civil ,war1 and distinguished themselves in ,world ,war ,,ii1 serving in every theater of war and every branch of service1 earning citations for their heroism and honorable service1 including the ,medal of ,honor2 7#b7 ,chinese nationals and ,chinese ,americans faced institutional discrimination in the ,united ,states since before ,world ,war ,,ii1 limiting the size of their population and their ability to build thriving communities in the ,united ,states2 7#c7 the ,act entitled ,an ,act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to ,chinese1 approved ,may #f1 #ahhb 7commonly known as the ,chinese ,exclusion ,act of #ahhb7 7#bb ,stat4 #eh1 chapter #abf71 was the first ,federal law that broadly restricted immigration and a specific nationality1 making it illegal for ,chinese laborers to immigrate to the ,united ,states and limiting the ,chinese population in the ,united ,states for over #fj years2 7#d7 major court decisions such as the decisions in ,lum v4 ,rice1 #bge ,u4,s4 #gh 7#aibg71 and ,people v4 ,hall1 #d ,cal4 #cii 7#ahed71 found yellow races to be equal to ,african ,americans with regard to separate but equal school facilities1 and prohibited ,chinese ,americans1 along with ,black1 mulatto1 or ,indian persons1 from testifying against ,white men2 7#e7 ,chinese ,americans were harassed1 beaten1 and murdered because of their ethnicity1 including the ,chinese ,massacre of #ahga1 where #ag ,chinese immigrants in ,los ,angeles1 ,california1 were tortured and murdered1 the ,rock ,springs ,massacre of #ahhe where ,white rioters killed #bh ,chinese miners and burned #ge of their homes in ,rock ,springs1 ,wyoming1 and the ,hells ,canyon ,massacre of #ahhg where #cd ,chinese gold miners were ambushed and murdered in ,hells ,canyon1 ,oregon2 7#f7 there were only #gh1jjj ,chinese ,americans living on the ,united ,states mainland1 with #bi1jjj living in ,hawaii1 at the start of ,world ,war ,,ii as result of ,federal and ,state legislation and judicial decisions2 7#g7 despite the anti-,chinese discrimination at the time1 as many as #bj1jjj ,chinese ,americans served in the ,armed ,forces during ,world ,war ,,ii1 of whom1 approximately #dj percent were not ,united ,states citizens due to the laws that denied citizenship to persons of ,chinese descent2 7#h7 ,chinese ,americans1 although small in numbers1 made important contributions to the ,world ,war ,,ii effort2 7#i7 of the total ,chinese ,americans serving1 approximately #be percent served in the ,united ,states ,army ,air ,force1 with some sent to the ,china-,burma-,india ,theater with the #adth ,air ,service ,group2 7#aj7 the remainder of ,chinese ,americans who served in ,world ,war ,,ii served in all branches of the ,armed ,forces in all #d theaters of war2 7#aa7 the first all ,chinese-,american group was the #adth ,air ,service ,group in the ,china-,burma-,india ,theater which enabled extensive and effective operations against the ,japanese military in ,china2 7#ab7 ,chinese ,americans are widely acknowledged for their role in the #adth ,air ,force1 widely known as the ,flying ,tigers2 7#ac7 ,chinese ,americans assigned to the ,china-,burma-,india ,theater made transoceanic journeys through hostile territories and were subject to enemy attack while at sea and in the air2 7#ad7 in the ,pacific ,theater1 ,chinese ,americans were in ground1 air1 and ocean combat and support roles throughout the ,pacific including ,new ,guinea1 ,guadalcanal1 ,solomon ,islands1 ,iwo ,jima1 ,okinawa1 ,philippines1 ,mariana ,islands1 and ,aleutian ,islands2 7#ae7 throughout the ,pacific and ,china-,burma-,india theaters1 ,chinese ,americans performed vital functions in translating1 coordinating ,nationalist ,chinese and ,united ,states combat operations1 servicing and repairing aircraft and armaments1 training ,nationalist ,chinese troops and sailors1 delivering medical care1 providing signal and communication support1 gathering and analyzing intelligence1 participating in ground and air combat1 and securing and delivering supplies2 7#af7 ,chinese ,americans also served in combat and support roles in the ,european and ,african theaters1 serving in ,north ,africa1 ,sicily1 ,italy1 the ,normandy ,d-,day invasion1 which liberated ,western ,europe1 and the ,battle of the ,bulge1 occupying ,western ,germany while helping to liberate ,central ,europe2 7#ag7 ,chinese ,americans flew bomber missions1 served in infantry units and combat ships in the ,battle of the ,atlantic1 including aboard ,merchant ,marines convoys vulnerable to submarine and air attacks2 7#ah7 many ,chinese-,american women served in the ,women's ,army ,corps1 the ,army ,air ,forces1 and the ,united ,states ,naval ,reserve ,women's ,reserve1 and some became pilots1 air traffic controllers1 flight trainers1 weather forecasters1 occupational therapists1 and nurses2 7#ai7 ,captain ,francis ,b4 ,wai is the only ,chinese ,american who served in ,world ,war ,,ii to have been awarded the ,medal of ,honor1 the highest military award given by the ,united ,states 7#bj7 ,chinese ,americans also earned ,combat ,infantry ,badges1 ,purple ,hearts1 ,bronze ,stars1 ,silver ,stars1 ,distinguished ,service ,cross1 and ,distinguished ,flying ,cross2 7#ba7 units of the ,armed ,forces with ,chinese ,americans were also awarded unit citations for valor and bravery2 7#bb7 the ,united ,states remains forever indebted to the bravery1 valor1 and dedication that the ,chinese-,american ,veterans of ,world ,war ,,ii displayed2 and 7#bc7 the commitment and sacrifice of ,chinese ,americans demonstrates a highly uncommon and commendable sense of patriotism and honor in the face of discrimination4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act-- 7#a7 the term ,chinese-,american ,veterans of ,world ,,ii includes individuals of ,chinese ancestry who served-- 7,a7 honorably at any time during the period ,december #g1 #aida1 and ending ,december #ca1 #aidf2 and 7,b7 in an active duty status under the command of the ,armed ,forces2 and 7#b7 the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 #d4 ,congressional gold medal 7a7 ,award authorized ,the ,president ,pro ,tempore of the ,senate and the ,speaker of the ,house of ,representatives shall make appropriate arrangements for the award1 on behalf of ,congress1 of a single gold medal of appropriate design to the ,chinese-,american ,veterans of ,world ,war ,,ii1 in recognition of their dedicated service during ,world ,war ,,ii4 7b7 ,design and striking ,for the purposes of the award referred to in subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall strike the gold medal with suitable emblems1 devices1 and inscriptions to be determined by the ,secretary4 7c7 ,smithsonian institute 7#a7 ,in general ,following the award of the gold medal in honor of the ,chinese-,american ,veterans of ,world ,war ,,ii1 the gold medal shall be given to the ,smithsonian ,institution1 where it shall be available for display as appropriate and made available for research4 7#b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,smithsonian ,institution should make the gold medal received under paragraph 7#a7 available for display elsewhere1 particularly at other locations associated with the ,chinese-,american ,veterans of ,world ,,ii or with ,world ,war ,,ii4 7d7 ,duplicate medals ,under regulations that the ,secretary may promulgate1 the ,secretary may strike and sell duplicates in bronze of the gold medal struck under this ,act1 at a price sufficient to cover the cost of the medals1 including labor1 materials1 dies1 use of machinery1 and overhead expenses4 #e4 ,status of medal 7a7 ,national medal ,the gold medal struck under this ,act shall be a national medal for the purposes of chapter #ea of title #ca1 ,unites ,states ,code4 7b7 ,numismatic items ,for purpose of section #eacd of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code1 all medals struck under this ,act shall be considered to be numismatic items4 ,passed the ,senate ,september #ab1 #bjah4,secretary