,,iv  #aae? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,res4 #hbj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,april #aa1 #bjah,ms4 
,max9e ,wat]s ( ,cali=nia 7= h]self1    
,ms4 ,eddie ,b]nice ,johnson ( ,texas1  
,mr4 ,ha/+s1 ,mrs4 ,napolitano1 ,mr4    
,jeffries1 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4  
,david ,scott ( ,georgia1 ,ms4          
,bordallo1 ,mr4 ,ru%1 ,mr4 ,l[5?al1 ,ms4
 ,lee1 ,mr4 ,lawson ( ,florida1 ,mr4    
,payne1 & ,ms4 ,moore7 submitt$ ! foll[+
 resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs           
,,resolution  ,recogniz+ ! life &       
significant contributions ( ,w9nie      
,madikizela-,m&ela1 ! =m] wife ( ,nelson
 ,m&ela1 & an icon 9 ! int]national     
fight aga9/ ap>!id & inju/ice 9 ,s\?    
,africa1 = h] lead]%ip & h] devotion to 
! cause ( fre$om = all ,s\? ,africans4  
,:]eas ,w9nie ,madikizela-,m&ela1 kn[n  
affectionately z ,w9nie ,m&ela1 0 born  
,nomzano ,w9ifr$ ,madikizela 9 ,pondol&1
 ,s\? ,africa1 on ,septemb] #bf1 #aicf1 
& pass$ away on ,april #b1 #bjah1 at !  

age ( #ha2 ,:]eas ,w9nie ,m&ela liv$ mu*
 ( h] life "u ! sy/em ( ap>!id1 :i*     
lit]ally means sep>at5ess1 & :i* 0      
advocat$ by ,s\? ,africa's ,afrikan]    
,national ,p>ty 9 #aidh & became law 9  
,s\? ,africa by #aiej ?r\gh measures t  
sep>at$ ! c\ntry's non-,:ite majority   
population f its ,:ite m9ority by1 among
 o!r ?+s1 classify+ all ,s\? ,africans  
by race1 bann+ m>riage & sexual         
relations betwe5 ,black & ,:ite ,s\?    
,africans1 e/abli%+ sep>ate public      
facilities = ,:ites & non-,:ites1 d5y+  
non-,:ite p>ticipation 9 ! ,s\? ,african
 ,national ,gov]nm5t1 divid+ ,black ,s\?
 ,africans along ,tribal l9es to prev5t 
!m f unit+1 !reby r$uc+ _! political    
p[]1 & sett+ aside #hj p]c5t ( !        
c\ntry's l& = ! ,:ite m9ority population
 :ile requir+ non-,:ites to c>ry        
docum5ts au?oriz+ _! pres5ce 9 re/rict$ 
areas ( ! c\ntry2 ,:]eas ,w9nie ,m&ela  
began h] c>e] z ! fir/ ,black m$ical    
social work] 9 ,s\? ,africa1 tak+ a     
position at ! ,*ris ,hani ,b>agwana?    

,hospital 9 ,johannesburg :]e %e le>n$ (
 ! deplorable conditions 9 :i* _m ( h]  
pati5ts liv$ "u ap>!id & 0 motivat$ to  
action2 ,:]eas ,w9nie ,m&ela became     
heavily involv$ 9 activism 9 ,s\?       
,africa z h] aw>5ess ( ! inequalities   
fac+ ! c\ntry increas$ z a result ( h]  
social "w2 ,:]eas ,w9nie ,m&ela became  
int]e/$ & involv$ ) ! ,african ,national
 ,congress1 ! ,s\? ,african political   
p>ty & lead+ organization 9 ! antiap>!id
 movem5t2 ,:]eas1 9 #aieg1 fri5ds       
introduc$ ,w9nie ,m&ela1 !n ,nomzano    
,w9ifr$ ,madikizela1 to ,nelson ,m&ela1 
a lawy]1 memb] ( ! ,african ,national   
,congress ,executive ,committee1 & lead+
 figure 9 ! antiap>!id movem5t1 :o %e   
m>ri$ on ,june #ad1 #aieh2 ,:]eas beg9n+
 9 ! e>ly days ( _! m>riage1 ,w9nie &   
,nelson ,m&ela engag$ 9 political       
activities & demon/rations = :i* !y 7   
r\t9ely arre/$ & t>get$ by ! gov]nm5t & 
security police2 ,:]eas ,w9nie ,m&ela's 
activism includ$ activities su* z       
p>ticipat+1 along ) ?\s&s ( o!r wom51 9 

a demon/ration 9 ,septemb] #aieh aga9/  
,s\? ,africa's s-call$ pass laws requir+
 ,blacks 9 ! c\ntry to c>ry docum5tation
 at all times indicat+ _! assign$       
resid5ce & employm5t & au?oriz+ _!      
pres5ce 9 c]ta9 areas ( ! c\ntry2 ,:]eas
 ,w9nie ,m&ela 0 inc>c]at$ = two weeks &
 lo/ h] job z a hospital social work] z 
a result ( h] p>ticipation 9 ! ,septemb]
 #aieh demon/ration2 ,:]eas ,nelson     
,m&ela 0 arre/$ 9 #aifb & jail$ = incit+
 ,africans to /rike &1 :ile imprison$ on
 ^? *>ges1 0 tri$ = sabotage1 f\nd      
guilty1 & s5t5c$1 9 #aifd1 to life      
imprisonm5t1 leav+ ,w9nie ,m&ela to     
raise ! c\ple's two daught]s1 ,z5ani &  
,z9dzi1 on h] own & )\t a s\rce (       
income2 ,:]eas dur+ h] husb&'s          
inc>c]ation1 ,w9nie ,m&ela /eadfa/ly    
cont9u$ h] activism aga9/ ap>!id1 :i* l$
 to h>% h>assm5t f police1 h] arre/ on  
sev]al occasions1 & h] imprisonm5t 9    
#aifi = #ah mon?s 9 solit>y conf9em5t1  
:]e %e 0 tortur$2 ,:]eas despite h]     
imprisonm5t & enc\nt]s ) police1 ,w9nie 

,m&ela cont9u$ h] activism2 ,:]eas1 9   
#aigg1 ,w9nie ,m&ela 0 bani%$ by ! ,s\? 
,african ,gov]nm5t to ! remote t[n (    
,br&=t1 :]e neighbors 7 =bidd5 to speak 
to h]1 & %e 0 bann$ f meet+ ) m ?an "o  
p]son at a "t2 ,:]eas ! #aigg bann+ ord]
 aga9/ ,w9nie ,m&ela 0 only "o (        
multiple gov]nm5t ord]s issu$ to ban or 
re/rict h] social contact & sil5ce h]2  
,:]eas ,w9nie ,m&ela succe$$ 9 emp[]+ & 
galvaniz+ wom51 9 p>ticul>1 to rise up &
 speak out aga9/ ! abuses ( ! ap>!id    
regime 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & ,w9nie ,m&ela  
popul>iz$ ! /atem5t1 ,:5 y /rike a      
woman1 y /rike a rock1 :i* indicat$ t   
wom5 7 det]m9$ 9 _! ef=ts to end ap>!id 
& :i* symboliz$ ! /r5g? & =titude ( wom5
 :o c\ld n1 & w\ld n1 be mov$2 ,:]eas1 9
 #aihe1 ,w9nie ,m&ela inspir$ !         
introduction ( a jo9t resolution 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives   
sponsor$ by ! late ,repres5tative       
,george ,crockett ( ,mi*igan1 &         
cosponsor$ by fifty-eight o!r ,memb]s ( 
,congress1 to proclaim ,nomzamo ,w9nie  

,m&ela to be an honor>y citiz5 ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates & condemn h] bani%m5t to  
,br&=t1 ,s\? ,africa2 ,:]eas1 on        
,febru>y #aa1 #aiij1 z a result ( ,w9nie
 ,m&ela's activism1 dome/ic ef=ts 9 ,s\?
 ,africa1 & int]national outrage1       
,nelson ,m&ela 0 releas$ f #bg ye>s (   
imprisonm5t decl>+ a deep appreciation =
 ! /r5g? giv5 to him ''' by 8 belov$    
wife2 ,:]eas al?\gh ,w9nie ,m&ela 0 !   
wife ( ,nelson ,m&ela1 :o became        
,presid5t ( ,s\? ,africa 9 ,may #aiid1  
,w9nie ,m&ela 0 a hi/oric figure & lead]
 9 ,s\? ,africa 9 h] own "r2 ,:]eas     
,w9nie ,m&ela 0 elect$ to s]ve z !      
presid5t ( ! ,african ,national         
,congress ,wom5's ,league 9 #aiic2      
,:]eas1 9 #aiid1 ,w9nie ,m&ela 0 elect$ 
to s]ve z a ,memb] ( ,s\? ,africa's     
,p>liam5t2 ,:]eas1 9 #aiid1 ,w9nie      
,m&ela 0 appo9t$ by h] husb&1 !n        
,presid5t1 ,nelson ,m&ela1 to s]ve z    
,deputy ,m9i/] ( ,arts1 ,culture1       
,sci5ce & ,te*nology2 ,:]eas al?\gh     
,w9nie & ,nelson ,m&ela divorc$ 9 #aiie1

 ,w9nie ,m&ela cont9u$ to be a notable  
int]national figure2 ,:]eas1 9 #bjjg1   
,w9nie ,m&ela 0 elect$ to ! ,african    
,national ,congress ,national ,executive
 ,committee2 ,:]eas 9 ,s\? ,africa1     
,w9nie ,m&ela became kn[n z ! ,"m ( !   
,nation = h] con/ant d$ication & brav]y 
9 ! /ruggles fac+ h] p & 9 ! fight aga9/
 ap>!id2 & ,:]eas despite controv]sies  
surr\nd+ h] life & c>e]1 ,w9nie ,m&ela's
 unwav]+ commitm5t to end+ ap>!id &     
secur+ ,nelson ,m&ela's fre$om has e>n$ 
h] a notable place 9 hi/ory3 ,n[1 !re=e1
 be x  ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives--   
7#a7 recognizes & honors ! life &       
a*ievem5ts ( ,w9nie ,madikizela-,m&ela z
 an activi/ & int]national lead] :o 0   
pivotal 9 br++ an end to ! long inju/ice
 ( ap>!id2  7#b7 recognizes ,w9nie      
,m&ela's /eadfa/ resolve to support h]  
!n-husb&1 ,nelson ,m&ela1 dur+ 8 #bg-ye>
 unju/ inc>c]ation 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & to 
fight =1 & secure1 8 release2  7#c7     
comm5ds ! c\rage1 h>d "w1 commitm5t1 &  
d$ication ( ,w9nie ,m&ela = fight+ = !  

rights & emp[]m5t ( oppress$ ,black ,s\?
 ,africans & wom52 &  7#d7 (f]s         
condol5ces to ! p ( ,s\? ,africa = !    
loss ( a national lead] & icon4