,,iv  #aae? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,res4 #gee  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #bg1         
#bjah,mr4 ,al ,gre5 ( ,texas submitt$ ! 
foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ,education & ! ,work=ce   
,,resolution  ,recogniz+ & celebrat+    
,black ,hi/ory ,mon?4  ,:]eas ! !me =   
,black ,hi/ory ,mon? #bjah is ,african  
,am]icans 9 ,times ( ,w>1 :i*           
commemorates ! c5t5nial ( ! end ( !     
,fir/ ,_w ,w> 9 #aiah1 & explores !     
complex mean+s & implications ( ?is     
int]national /ruggle & its aft]ma?2     
,:]eas ?is resolution w focus prim>ily  
on ,african ,am]icans 9 ! milit>y1 :i*  
is b "o hi/orically important aspect (  
?is f> rea*+ exploration (              
,african-,am]ican hi/ory2 ,:]eas        
,african ,am]icans h f\ght = ! ,unit$   
,/ates ?r\gh\t its hi/ory2 ,:]eas       
despite racial segregation &            
discrim9ation1 ,african ,am]icans h     
play$ a significant role f ! colonial   
p]iod =w>d2 ,:]eas ,crispus ,attucks 0 a

 fugitive slave work+ outside ( ,bo/on1 
,massa*usetts1 z a sailor & dur+ 8 "t   
(f1 he work$ z a rope mak] ne> ! :>f2   
,:]eas 9 e>ly #aggj1 competition = "w & 
wages became /iff z ,briti% soldi]s 7   
cont5d+ = ! same unskill$ positions z ! 
locals2 ,:]eas ?is situation creat$     
t5sion :i* sl[ly escalat$ to viol5t     
confrontations2 ,:]eas on ,m>* #e1      
#aggj1 ,attucks l$ a gr\p ( rope mak]s &
 sailors into a confrontation ) a gr\p (
 ,briti% soldi]s & subsequ5tly 0 %ot &  
kill$2 ,:]eas ,crispus ,attucks1 a      
,black man1 is g5]ally consid]$ to be ! 
fir/ casualty ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> & is
 rememb]$ z ! fir/ ( _m notable         
,african-,am]ican h]oes2 ,:]eas ,aram9ta
 ,ross1 bett] kn[n z ,h>riet ,tubman1 0 
born into slav]y 9 ,m>yl& & escap$ to   
fre$om 9 ! ,nor? 9 #ahdi to become ! mo/
 fam\s conductor on ! ,und]gr\nd        
,railroad2 ,:]eas ,aram9ta ,ross 0 a    
lead+ abolitioni/ be=e ! ,am]ican ,civil
 ,w> & also help$ ! ,union ,army dur+ ! 
w>1 work+ z a spy among o!r roles2      

,:]eas ,aram9ta ,ross1 a ,black woman1 0
 ! fir/ woman to lead an arm$ exp$ition 
dur+ ! ,civil ,w>2 ,:]eas ,aram9ta ,ross
 guid$ ! ,combahee ,riv] ,raid1 :i*     
lib]at$ m ?an #gjj slaves 9 ,s\?        
,c>ol9a2 ,:]eas ,p[hatan ,beaty 0 born a
 slave 9 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 9 #ahcg2   
,:]eas :5 ! ,civil ,w> broke out1 ,beaty
 enli/$ 9 ! ,union army2 ,:]eas ,p[hatan
 ,beaty1 a ,black man1 0 quickly promot$
 to s]geant & ov]saw #dg o!r ,black     
recruits 9 noncombat jobs2 ,:]eas 9     
,septemb] #ahfd1 ,beaty's division      
attack$ ! enemy at ,*aff9's f>m1 ne>    
,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia2 ,:]eas ) all ( !    
unit's (fic]s & mo/ ( its enli/$ m5 dead
 or w\nd$1 ,beaty took ov] & l$ a second
 *>ge1 driv+ ! enemy back2 ,:]eas = 8   
h]oism1 ,beaty 0 aw>d$ ! ,m$al ( ,honor2
 ,:]eas dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 approximately
 #dj1jjj ,african ,am]icans 7 kill$ 9   
action2 ,:]eas ,b5jam9 ,oliv] ,davis1   
,sr41 ent]$ ! milit>y s]vice on ,july   
#ac1 #ahih1 dur+ ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> 
z a tempor>y fir/ lieut5ant ( ! #h?     

,unit$ ,/ates ,volunte] ,infantry2      
,:]eas on ,june #ah1 #ahii1 he enli/$ z 
a private 9 ! #i? ,calv>y ( ! ,regul>   
,army2 ,:]eas ,davis ev5tually came "u !
 comm& ( ,*>les ,"y1 :om at ! "t 0 !    
only ,african-,am]ican ,(fic] s]v+ 9 !  
,u4,s4 milit>y2 ,:]eas ,"y took ,davis  
"u 8 tutelage & help$ him to prep>e to  
take 8 (fic] c&idate te/2 ,:]eas 9 only 
two ye>s1 he rose to s]geant major &    
e>n$ a commission z a second lieut5ant 9
 #aija2 ,:]eas ,b5jam9 ,oliv] ,davis1 a 
,black man1 rose ?r\gh ! ranks & became 
! fir/ ,african ,am]ican to a*ieve !    
rank ( brigadi] g5]al 9 ! ,u4,s4        
milit>y2 ,:]eas dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i1        
approximately #hjj ,african ,am]icans 7 
kill$ 9 action2 ,:]eas ,doris ,mill]    
enli/$ 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,navy z a ,mess       
,att5dant :]e he s]v$ on ! ,,uss ,we/   
,virg9ia :5 ! ,japanese attack$ ,pe>l   
,h>bor on ,decemb] #g1 #aida2 ,:]eas    
,mill] 0 assign$ to c>ry ! w\nd$ sailors
 to saf] qu>t]s2 ,:]eas he return$ to ! 
deck & pick$ up a #ej-;calib] ,br[n+    

antiaircraft ma*9e gun t he _h nev] be5 
tra9$ to %oot & manag$ to %oot d[n enemy
 aircraft2 ,:]eas ,doris ,mill]1 a      
,black man1 0 comm5d$ by ! ,secret>y ( !
 ,navy & became ! fir/ ,african ,am]ican
 to be pres5t$ ) ! ,navy ,cross2 ,:]eas 
be=e #aidj1 ,african ,am]icans 7 b>r$ f 
fly+ = ! ,u4,s4 milit>y2 ,:]eas civil   
rights organizations & ! ,black press   
ex]t$ pressure on ,presid5t ,roosevelt1 
:i* result$ 9 ! =mation ( ! ,tuskegee   
,airm5 bas$ 9 ,tuskegee1 ,alabama1 9    
#aida2 ,:]eas ! ,tuskegee ,airm5 includ$
 pilots1 navigators1 bomb>di]s1         
ma9t5ance & support /aff1 in/ructors1 & 
! p]sonnel :o kept ! planes & pilots 9 !
 air2 ,:]eas ! ,black ,tuskegee ,airm5  
ov]came segregation & prejudice to      
become "o ( ! mo/ highly respect$ fight]
 gr\ps ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii2 ,:]eas !         
,tuskegee ,airm5's a*ievem5ts help$ pave
 ! way = full integration ( ! ,u4,s4    
milit>y2 ,:]eas dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1      
approximately #gjj ,african ,am]icans 7 
kill$ 9 action2 ,:]eas ,cornelius       

,*>lton1 a c>e] milit>y man1 s]v$ 9 !   
,army dur+ ! ,korean ,w>2 ,:]eas on     
,june #b1 #aiea1 8 platoon enc\nt]$     
heavy resi/ance :ile attempt+ to take   
,hill #edc & ! lead] ( 8 platoon 0      
w\nd$2 ,:]eas ,*>lton took comm&1       
regr\p$ 8 m5 & l$ an assault on ! hill2 
,:]eas he s+le-h&$ly attack$ & disabl$ !
 la/ rema9+ enemy gun encampm5ts2 ,:]eas
 he subsequ5tly di$ f ! w\nds inflict$  
by a gr5ade b he is cr$it$ ) sav+ mu* ( 
8 platoon2 ,:]eas ,cornelius ,*>lton1 a 
,black man1 po/hum\sly receiv$ ! ,m$al (
 ,honor = 8 actions ne> ,*ipo-ri1 ,s\?  
,korea2 ,:]eas ,african ,am]icans       
lit]ally f\ght = ! "r to die 9 def5se ( 
_! c\ntry2 ,:]eas 9 ! face ( inju/ices1 
_m ,african ,am]icans di/+ui%$ !mselves 
) _! commitm5t to ! noble ideas ^u :i* !
 ,unit$ ,/ates 0 f\nd$ & c\rage\sly     
f\ght = ! rights & fre$om ( all         
,am]icans2 ,:]eas ! pres]vation & tea*+ 
( ,black hi/ory are nationally recogniz$
 due to ! ef=ts ( ,dr4 ,c>t] ,g4        
,woodson & 8 e/abli%m5t ( ,negro ,hi/ory

 ,week1 ! precursor to ,black ,hi/ory   
,mon?2 ,:]eas ,black ,hi/ory ,mon?1 :i* 
repres5ts ,dr4 ,c>t] ,g4 ,woodson's     
ef=ts to enhance k ( ,black hi/ory1 />t$
 ?r\gh ! ,j\rnal ( ,negro ,hi/ory1      
publi%$ by ,woodson's ,association = !  
,/udy ( ,african-,am]ican ,life &       
,hi/ory2 & ,:]eas ! mon? ( ,febru>y is  
(ficially celebrat$ z ,black ,hi/ory    
,mon?1 :i* dates back to #aibf :5 ,dr4  
,c>t] ,g4 ,woodson set aside a special  
p]iod ( "t 9 ,febru>y to recognize !    
h]itage & a*ievem5t ( ,black ,am]icans3 
,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t--  #a4 ,%ort title 
,?is resolution may be cit$ z ! ,orig9al
 ,black ,hi/ory ,mon? ,resolution (     
#bjah4  #b4 ,recogniz+ & celebrat+      
,black ,hi/ory ,mon? ,congress-- 7#a7   
recognizes ! significance ( ,black      
,hi/ory ,mon? z an important "t to      
ackn[l$ge & celebrate ! contributions ( 
,african ,am]icans 9 ! ,nation's hi/ory1
 & enc\rages ! cont9u$ celebration ( ?is
 mon? to provide an opportunity = all   
peoples ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to le>n m ab\t

 ! pa/ & to bett] und]/& ! exp]i5ces t h
 %ap$ ! ,nation2  7#b7 recognizes t     
e?nic & racial div]sity ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates enri*es & /r5g!ns ! ,nation2 &   
7#c7 enc\rages all ,/ates to include 9  
_! ye>-r\nd educational curriculum !    
hi/ory & contributions ( ,african       
,am]icans 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ar\nd !   
_w4