,h4 ,,res4 #dbb ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,u4 ,s41 ,novemb] #a1 #bjag ,,resolution ,:]eas ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a assum$ ! ex]cise ( sov]eignty ov] ! ,hong ,kong ,special ,adm9i/rative ,region #bj ye>s ago1 on ,july #a1 #aiig2 ,:]eas ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a on ! ,"q ( ! ,hong ,kong 79 ?is resolution ref]r$ to z ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation7 requir$ ,*9a's ,national ,p's ,congress 7,,npc7 to pass ! ,basic ,law ( ! ,hong ,kong ,special ,adm9i/rative ,region ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a 79 ?is resolution ref]r$ to z ! ,basic ,law7 consi/5t ) ! obligations conta9$ 9 ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation1 :i* 0 approv$ by ! ,,npc on ,april #d1 #aiij2 ,:]eas relations betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,hong ,kong are fundam5tally bas$ ^u ! cont9u$ ma9t5ance ( ! "o c\ntry1 two sy/ems policy /ipulat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates-,hong ,kong ,policy ,act ( #aiib 7,public ,law #ajb-chc2 #bb ,u4,s4,c4 #egja et seq47 & e/abli%$ by ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation2 ,:]eas "u ! "o c\ntry1 two sy/ems policy e/abli%$ by ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation1 ,hong ,kong w enjoy a high degree ( autonomy except 9 =eign & def5se affairs & w be ve/$ ) executive1 legislative & indep5d5t judicial p[] includ+ t ( f9al adjudication2 ,:]eas ,hong ,kong's autonomy "u ! "o c\ntry1 two sy/ems policy1 z demon/rat$ by its highly develop$ rule ( law1 indep5d5t judici>y1 & respect = ! rights ( individuals1 has cont9u$ to make ,hong ,kong ! pref]r$ resid5ce = ov] #he1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s1 & at lea/ #a1djj ,unit$ ,/ates bus9esses op]ate 9 ,hong ,kong2 ,:]eas ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation & ! ,basic ,law decl>e t ! life/yle & social & economic sy/ems 9 ,hong ,kong w rema9 un*ang$ = #ej ye>s aft] ! #aiig rev]sion2 ,:]eas ! ,basic ,law gu>antees ,hong ,kong resid5ts ! fre$oms ( spee*1 press1 publication1 association1 assembly1 demon/ration1 religi\s belief & activity1 academic rese>*1 & ! rights to =m unions & to /rike1 among o!rs2 ,:]eas ! ,basic ,law also gu>antees ,hong ,kong resid5ts ! "r to vote & to /& = election2 ,:]eas al?\gh ! ,basic ,law /ates t ! ultimate aim is ! selection ( ! ,*ief ,executive by univ]sal suffrage ^u nom9ation by a broadly repres5tative nom9at+ committee 9 accordance ) democratic proc$ures1 ! actual process = nom9at+ eligible ,*ief ,executive c&idates rema9s heavily influ5c$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,*9a2 ,:]eas widespread fru/ration ) ! lack ( progress t[>d a democratic selection ( c&idates = ,*ief ,executive provok$ l>ge-scale public demon/rations 9 late #bjad1 popul>ly kn[n z ! ,umbrella ,movem5t1 t involv$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( demon/rators & ! occupation ( c]ta9 public spaces = z long z #gi days2 ,:]eas1 al?\gh ,hong ,kong cont9ues to enjoy high levels ( economic fre$om & judicial indep5d5ce1 c]ta9 rec5t actions by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,*9a are inconsi/5t ) its /at$ commitm5ts to ,hong ,kong's high degree ( autonomy & ! pres]vation ( ! rule ( law2 ,:]eas int]national press report$ t f ,octob] ?r\gh ,decemb] #bjae1 f\r employees ( ,mighty ,curr5t publi%+ h\se & its affiliat$ book/ore1 ,causeway ,bay ,books1 a ,hong ,kong sell] ( publications critical ( ,*9ese lead]%ip1 disappe>$ "u suspici\s circum/ances f ,hong ,kong1 ,?ail&1 & ma9l& ,*9a1 9 pot5tially ! mo/ s]i\s brea* ( ! "o c\ntry1 two sy/ems policy s9ce #aiig1 :i* has _h a *ill+ effect on ! fre$oms ( spee* & publication 9 ,hong ,kong2 ,:]eas int]national press report$ t-- 7#a7 ,gui ,m9hai1 a ,sw$i% citiz5 & ! co-own] ( ,mighty ,curr5t1 0 la/ se5 9 ,?ail& 9 ,octob] #bjae2 7#b7 ,! g5]al manag] ( ,mighty ,curr5t1 ,lui ,bo1 & ! bus9ess manag]1 ,*eung ,jip+1 disappe>$ :ile on a visit to ma9l& ,*9a ar\nd ,octob] #bjae2 & 7#c7 ,lee ,bo1 :o holds ,briti% & ,*9ese citiz5%ip & is a p]man5t resid5t ( ,hong ,kong1 disappe>$ f ,hong ,kong on ,decemb] #cj1 #bjae2 ,:]eas ,mr4 ,lui1 ,mr4 ,*eung1 & ,mr4 ,lee ea* briefly return$ to ,hong ,kong 9 ,m>* #bjaf to ask ,hong ,kong police to drop _! miss+ p]sons' cases be=e imm$iately return+ to ma9l& ,*9a2 ,:]eas ,lam ,w+ ,kee1 ano!r ,causeway ,bay ,books booksell]1 te/ifi$ be=e ! ,congressional-,executive ,commission on ,*9a t he 0 deta9$ by (ficials 9 ,%5zh51 ,*9a on ,octob] #bd1 #bjae1 mov$ to a det5tion facility m ?an #a1cjj miles away1 & held incommunicado & subject$ to endless int]rogation = sev5 & half mon?s1 dur+ :i* he 0 =c$ to produce multiple1 co]c$ confessions ( sell+ books illegally2 ,:]eas on ,novemb] #g1 #bjaf1 :ile ! ,hong ,kong ,high ,c\rt 0 consid]+ its f9al rul+ to det]m9e if ! oa?s sworn by c]ta9 ,legislative ,c\ncil c&idates 7 9 accordance ) ,article #ajd ( ! ,basic ,law1 ! ,/&+ ,committee ( ! ,,npc issu$ its own int]pretation ( ,article #ajd ( ! ,basic ,law 9 an attempt to =eclose ! opportunity = ! legislators-elect to retake _! oa?s & assume (fice2 ,:]eas t int]pretation ( ,article #ajd by ! ,/&+ ,committee ( ! ,,npc repres5t$ ! fir/ "t x _h issu$ su* an int]pretation :ile a ,hong ,kong judge 0 delib]at+ on ! case 9 "q & only ! second "t x _h done s 9 ! abs5ce ( a reque/ f ,hong ,kong au?orities2 ,:]eas accord+ to ! ,hong ,kong ,b> ,association1 t preemptive int]pretation 0 unnecess>y & inappropriate & creat$ ! impression t ! ,/&+ ,committee is effectively legislat+ = ,hong ,kong1 !reby ca/+ d\bts on ! commitm5t ( ! ,c5tral ,p's ,gov]nm5t to abide by ! pr9ciples ( "o c\ntry1 two sy/ems2 ,:]eas on ,novemb] #ae1 #bjaf1 ! ,high ,c\rt rul$ t ! oa?s tak5 by ,yau ,wai-*+ & ,baggio ,leung ,*ung-hang 7 invalid1 & b>r$ ! two f s]v+ z memb]s ( ! ,legislative ,c\ncil2 ,:]eas on ,decemb] #af1 #bjaf1 !n ,*ief ,executive ,leung ,*un-y+ & ,secret>y ( ,ju/ice ,rimsky ,yu5 ,kwok-keung fil$ = judicial review ( ! oa?s tak5 by ,lau ,sui-lai1 ,na?an ,law1 ,leung ,kwok-hung1 & ,edw>d ,yiu ,*ung-yim2 ,:]eas on ,july #ad1 #bjag1 ! ,high ,c\rt rul$ t ! oa?s tak5 by ,lau ,sui-lai1 ,na?an ,law1 ,leung ,kwok-hung1 & ,edw>d ,yiu ,*ung-yim 7 invalid & b>r$ ! f\r ( !m f s]v+ z memb]s ( ! ,legislative ,c\ncil2 ,:]eas 9 ,augu/ #bjag1 ! ,hong ,kong ,gov]nm5t appeal$ ! orig9al s5t5ces ( ?ree ,umbrella ,movem5t lead]s1 ,jo%ua ,wong1 ,na?an ,law1 & ,alex ,*[ & ask$ = prison "t aft] !y _h already complet$ _! previ\s community s]vice s5t5ces2 ,:]eas ! ,hong ,kong ,c\rt ( ,appeal subsequ5tly impos$ prison s5t5ces on ,jo%ua ,wong1 ,na?an ,law1 & ,alex ,*[ ( #f1 #g1 & #h mon?s respectively1 :i* effectively b>s !m f runn+ = political (fice = #e ye>s2 & ,:]eas ^! developm5ts h call$ into "q ,hong ,kong's highly develop$ rule ( law1 indep5d5t judici>y1 & respect = individual rights1 :i* are fundam5tal to its way ( life & economic prosp]ity3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives-- 7#a7 recognizes1 consi/5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates-,hong ,kong ,policy ,act ( #aiib1 t-- 7,a7 ,hong ,kong cont9ues to play an important role 9 today's regional & _w economy1 ) /rong economic1 cultural1 & o!r ties to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,b7 respect = civil lib]ties1 op5 m>kets1 rule ( law1 & judicial indep5d5ce are all integral aspects ( ,hong ,kong's life/yle & social & economic sy/ems2 & 7,c7 ! au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to treat ,hong ,kong z a non-sov]eign entity di/9ct f ,*9a1 = ! purposes ( ,unit$ ,/ates laws relat+ to trade1 f9ance1 transportation1 economic & cultural ex*ange1 travel1 law en=cem5t coop]ation1 export controls1 & o!r matt]s1 dep5ds on ,hong ,kong rema9+ suffici5tly autonom\s2 & 7#b7 urges adh]5ce to ! "o c\ntry1 two sy/ems policy e/abli%$ by ! ,jo9t ,decl>ation & ! ,basic ,law ) respect to-- 7,a7 ,hong ,kong's ex]cise ( a high degree ( autonomy2 7,b7 its enjoym5t ( executive1 legislative1 & indep5d5t judicial p[]2 & 7,c7 ! robu/ protection ( ! fundam5tal rights ( ,hong ,kong resid5ts gu>ante$ by ,*apt] ,,iii ( ! ,basic ,law4 ,cl]k4