,,iv  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #dba  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,june #bh1 #bjag,mr4  
,smi? ( ,new ,j]sey 7= himself & ,ms4   
,bass7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i*
 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign     
,affairs  ,,resolution  ,urg+ !         
,adm9i/ration to develop m effective &  
timely responses to fam9e 9 ,africa1    
especially ef=ts to end ! conflicts 9   
,s\? ,sudan1 ,nig]ia1 & o!r c\ntries t  
cause or exac]bate fam9e4  ,:]eas fam9e 
is def9$ z a dra/ic1 wide-rang+ food    
%ortage 9 :i* "o 9 five h\seholds h an  
extreme lack ( food & o!r basic ne$s1   
:]e />vation1 dea? & de/itution are     
evid5t despite humanit>ian assi/ance2   
,:]eas fam9e is l>gely caus$ by conflict
 9 c\ntries su* z ,s\? ,sudan1 ,nig]ia1 
& ,somalia1 :]e ! int]ruption ( !       
plant+-h>ve/+ cycle has prev5t$ int]nal 
production ( food2 ,:]eas !re are       
#a1hjj1jjj refugees f ! conflict 9 ,s\? 
,sudan 9 neighbor+ c\ntries & #b1jjj1jjj
 int]nally displac$ p]sons 9 t c\ntry1 &

 rapidly gr[+ numb]s ( ,s\? ,sudanese   
refugees are plac+ a toll on ,ug&a & o!r
 c\ntries ho/+ !m z donor contributions 
h n kept pace & food rations h be5 cut  
at times by #ej p]c5t2 ,:]eas ,s\?      
,sudan is exp]i5c+ height5$ levels (    
food insecurity ) z high z #bg p]c5t ( !
 population 9 "s areas fac+ fam9e1 & !  
,unit$ ,nations e/imates t at lea/      
#d1ijj1jjj p 9 ,s\? ,sudan1 m ?an #dj   
p]c5t ( ! population1 are 9 urg5t ne$ ( 
food2 ,:]eas1 accord+ to ! ,c\ncil on   
,=eign ,relations1 m ?an #cj1jjj lives h
 be5 lo/ 9 viol5ce relat$ to ,nig]ia's  
,boko ,h>am insurg5cy2 ,:]eas           
#ad1jjj1jjj p 9 nor!a/ ,nig]ia are 9    
urg5t ne$ ( humanit>ian assi/ance1      
includ+ m ?an #h1jjj1jjj *ildr51 & almo/
 #f1jjj1jjj p are also fac+ sev]e food  
insecurity1 & almo/ #i1jjj1jjj ,nig]ians
 are project$ to suff] f food insecurity
 by ,augu/ #bjag1 includ+ m ?an         
#c1jjj1jjj p liv+ 9 ! nor!a/ /ate (     
,borno1 :]e ,boko ,h>am is active2      
,:]eas increas+ attacks by ,fulani      

militia on f>m]s 9 ,nig]ia's ,middle    
,belt ?reat5 to fur!r exac]bate hung] 9 
! region2 ,:]eas m ?an #a1jjj1jjj p are 
already int]nally displac$ )9 ,somalia1 
!re are an e/imat$ #hha1jjj ,somali     
refugees1 & ! anticipat$ scale (        
population displacem5t f ,somalia due to
 p]vasive conflict & ! ?reat ( />vation 
w increase refugee fl[s ?r\gh\t ! region
 & into ,europe2 ,:]eas1 accord+ to !   
,unit$ ,nations ,high ,commission] =    
,refugees 7,,unhcr71 ,somalia is ! f\r? 
l>ge/ s\rce ( refugees 9 ! _w1 aft]     
,afghani/an1 ,syria1 & ,s\? ,sudan2     
,:]eas 9 ,somalia1 ne>ly #f1bjj1jjj p   
are curr5tly 9 ne$ ( humanit>ian        
assi/ance1 & m ?an #b1ijj1jjj p are fac+
 crisis or em]g5cy levels ( acute food  
insecurity due to conflict1 includ+     
ne>ly #a1jjj1jjj *ildr5 "u ! age ( five2
 ,:]eas conflict 9 c\ntries su* z !     
,c5tral ,african ,republic1 !           
,democratic ,republic ( ! ,congo1 &     
,mali c\ld cause or exac]bate fam9e %\ld
 fight+ disrupt plant+-h>ve/+ cycles &  

m>kets :]e locally produc$ food c be    
pur*as$2 & ,:]eas dr\ght ?reat5s to     
exac]bate food insecurity 9 c\ntries    
rang+ f ,angola to ,sudan to ,mozambique
 to ,madagasc>3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t--  
7#a7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t %\ld--   
7,a7 use all available lev]age1 includ+ 
t ( int]national p>tn]s1 to a*ieve la/+1
 compreh5sive cease-fires 9 cases (     
conflict2  7,b7 "w ) gov]nm5ts to       
facilitate dis>mam5t1 demobilization &  
re9tegration ( combatants into a unifi$1
 pr(essional national army or assi/ance 
9 prep>+ =m] combatants to engage 9     
productive occupations t elim9ate !     
impulse to resort to b&itry or o!r      
illegal pursuits2  7,c7 use ! ,global   
,magnitsky ,human ,rights ,acc\ntability
 ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bfef note7 to     
sanction individuals or entities        
responsible = initiat+ or prolong+      
conflict1 endang]+ humanit>ian aid      
work]s1 or prev5t+ deliv]y ( humanit>ian
 aid2  7,d7 apply all available wea!r & 
crop in=mation to m accurately pr$ict   

incipi5t dr\ght & to det]m9e !          
likelihood ( fam9e 9 areas ( conflict2  
7,e7 collaborate ) o!r donor nations to 
accel]ate ! provision ( food1 clean     
wat]1 m$ic9e1 & %elt] to ^? 9 ne$2  7,f7
 exp& ! preposition+ ( aid commodities 9
 safe zones z close z possible to !     
region ( fam9e to exp$ite _! provision2 
7,g7 provide assi/ance to f>m]s1 h]d]s1 
& fi%]m5 to enc\rage resili5ce 9 ! long 
run & all[ !m to survive 9 ! %ort t]m2 &
  7,h7 use ca% transf]s to m quickly    
provide food aid :]e local m>kets exi/ 9
 ord] to meet food ne$s 9 a m timely    
mann] & to support ! function+ ( local  
m>kets2 &  7#b7 gov]nm5ts 9 affect$     
,african c\ntries %\ld-- 7,a7 e/abli%   
effective cease-fires & use =ce !reaft] 
only :5 gov]nm5t =ces or facilities or  
civilians are "u attack2  7,b7 publicly 
id5tify individuals & entities t        
actively ?reat5 peace & safety & take   
police action aga9/ ^? :o d s 9 areas "u
 gov]nm5t control2  7,c7 "w ) civil     
society1 especially fai?-bas$ gr\ps1 to 

help end conflict at ! grassroots level1
 effect reconciliation & deliv] food1   
clean wat]1 m$ic9e1 & %elt]2  7,d7 make 
e ef=t to facilitate ! exp$iti\s deliv]y
 ( food1 clean wat]1 m$ic9e1 & %elt] & d
 n erect bureaucratic imp$im5ts to !    
deliv]y ( su* aid2  7,e7 contribute f _!
 own res\rces to ! greate/ ext5t        
possible to provide food1 clean wat]1   
m$ic9e1 & %elt] to _! own citiz5s2  7,f7
 protect humanit>ian aid work]s & !     
commodities !y deliv]1 includ+ provid+  
security = convoys & facilities :]e     
feasible2 &  7,g7 take all appropriate  
actions to safegu>d agricultural areas &
 f>m p]sonnel to help ensure ! cont9u$  
provision ( locally produc$ food & !    
m>kets at :i* !y c\ld be sold4