,i  #aae? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #fdde  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,july #ai1 #bjah,mr4  
,fitzpatrick 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,joyce (  
,ohio1 ,mr4 ,donovan1 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,new 
,j]sey1 & ,mr4 ,mc,kinley7 introduc$ !  
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,education & ! ,work=ce   
,a ,,bill  ,to secure ! rights ( public 
employees to organize1 act conc]t$ly1 & 
b>ga9 collectively1 :i* safegu>d !      
public int]e/ & promote ! free &        
unob/ruct$ fl[ ( comm]ce1 & = o!r       
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,public ,employee ,fre$om  
to ,negotiate ,act ( #bjah4  #b4        
,purpose ,x is ! purpose ( ?is ,act to--
  7#a7 secure ! rights ( public         
employees to =m or jo9 unions1 act      
conc]t$ly = ! purpose ( collective      
b>ga9+ or o!r mutual aid or protection1 
& b>ga9 collectively ) _! employ]s2 &   
7#b7 reaffirm ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 to enc\rage ! practice & proc$ure (    
collective b>ga9+1 :i* safegu>ds !      

public int]e/ & promotes ! free &       
unob/ruct$ fl[ ( comm]ce4  #c4          
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,au?ority 
,! t]m ,au?ority means ! ,f$]al ,labor  
,relations ,au?ority4  7#b7 ,collective 
b>ga9+ ,! t]m collective b>ga9+1 )      
respect to public employees & public    
employ]s1 means ! p]=mance ( ! mutual   
obligation ( ! repres5tative ( a public 
employ] & ! exclusive repres5tative (   
public employees 9 an appropriate unit (
 ! employ] to meet at reasonable times &
 to consult & b>ga9 9 a good-fai? ef=t  
to rea* agreem5t ) respect to wages1    
h\rs1 & o!r t]ms & conditions (         
employm5t affect+ su* employees & to    
execute1 if reque/$ by ei!r p>ty1 a     
writt5 docum5t incorporat+ any          
collective b>ga9+ agreem5t rea*$1 b !   
obligation ref]r$ to 9 ?is p>agraph does
 n compel ei!r p>ty to agree to a       
proposal or to make a concession4  7#c7 
,confid5tial employee  7,a7 ,9 g5]al    
,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 ! 
t]m confid5tial employee means a public 

employee :o acts 9 a confid5tial        
capacity ) respect to an individual :o  
=mulates or effectuates managem5t       
policies 9 ! field ( labor-managem5t    
relations4  7,b7 ,/ate law ,if ! t]m    
confid5tial employee1 or a sub/antially 
equival5t t]m1 has a sub/antially       
equival5t mean+ "u applicable ,/ate law 
to ! mean+ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 on ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 su* t]m1 or   
sub/antially equival5t t]m1 & mean+ "u  
su* applicable ,/ate law %all apply )   
respect to ! t]m confid5tial employee "u
 ?is ,act = public employees & public   
employ]s 9 su* ,/ate4  7#d7 ,em]g5cy    
s]vices employee ,! t]m em]g5cy s]vices 
employee means-- 7,a7 a public employee 
provid+ out-(-hospital em]g5cy m$ical   
c>e1 includ+ an em]g5cy m$ical          
te*nician1 p>am$ic1 or fir/ respond]2 or
  7,b7 a public employee provid+ o!r    
s]vices 9 response to em]g5cies t h !   
pot5tial to cause dea? or s]i\s bodily  
injury1 includ+ an employee 9 fire      
protection activities 7z def9$ 9 section

 #c ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich
 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bjc774  7#e7 ,employ ,!
 t]m employ includes to suff] or p]mit  
to "w4  7#f7 ,labor organization ,! t]m 
labor organization1 ) respect to public 
employ]s & public employees1 means any  
organization ( any k9d 9 :i* public     
employees p>ticipate & :i* exi/s = !    
purpose1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( deal+ )      
public employ]s conc]n+ grievances1     
labor disputes1 wages1 rates ( pay1 h\rs
 ( employm5t1 or conditions ( "w4  7#g7 
,law en=cem5t (fic] ,! t]m law en=cem5t 
(fic] has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section
 #abjd ( ! ,omnibus ,crime ,control &   
,safe ,/reets ,act ( #aifh 7#cd         
,u4,s4,c4 #ajbhd74  7#h7 ,managem5t     
employee  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z       
provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 ! t]m       
managem5t employee means an individual  
employ$ by a public employ] 9 a position
 ! duties & responsibilities ( :i*      
require or au?orize ! individual to     
=mulate1 det]m9e1 or influ5ce ! policies
 ( ! employ]4  7,b7 ,/ate law ,if ! t]m 

managem5t employee1 or a sub/antially   
equival5t t]m1 has a sub/antially       
equival5t mean+ "u applicable ,/ate law 
to ! mean+ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 on ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 su* t]m1 or   
sub/antially equival5t t]m1 & mean+ "u  
su* applicable ,/ate law %all apply )   
respect to ! t]m managem5t employee "u  
?is ,act = public employees & public    
employ]s 9 su* ,/ate4  7#i7 ,p]son ,!   
t]m p]son means an individual or a labor
 organization4  7#aj7 ,public employee  
,! t]m public employee--  7,a7 means a  
p]son1 employ$ by a public employ]1 :o 9
 any workweek is engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 !
 production ( goods = comm]ce1 or is    
employ$ 9 an ent]prise engag$ 9 comm]ce 
or 9 ! production ( goods = comm]ce 7z !
 t]ms comm]ce1 goods1 & ent]prise engag$
 9 comm]ce or 9 ! production ( goods =  
comm]ce are def9$ 9 section #c ( ! ,fair
 ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich72  7,b7     
includes an individual :o is tempor>ily 
transf]r$ to a sup]visory or managem5t  
position2 &  7,c7 does n include a      

p]man5t sup]visory employee1 p]man5t    
managem5t employee1 or p]man5t          
confid5tial employee1 or an elect$      
(ficial4  7#aa7 ,public employ] ,! t]m  
employ] means any ( ! foll[+ t employs  
public employees3 7,a7 ,a ,/ate or !    
political subdivision ( a ,/ate1 includ+
 a t]ritory or political subdivision ( a
 t]ritory4  7,b7 ,any au?ority1 ag5cy1  
s*ool di/rict1 bo>d or o!r entity       
controll$ & op]at$ by an entity describ$
 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  7#ab7 ,/ate ,! t]m
 ,/ate means ea* ( ! sev]al ,/ates ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 &
 any t]ritory or possession ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates4  7#ac7 ,sub/antially provides ,!
 t]m sub/antially provide or            
sub/antially provides1 ) respect to !   
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b71 means provid+ rights &  
responsibilities t are comp>able to or  
great] ?an ea* ( ! rights &             
responsibilities describ$ 9 su* section4
  7#ad7 ,sup]visory employee  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph   

7,b71 ! t]m sup]visory employee means an
 individual1 employ$ by a public        
employ]1 :o-- 7i7 has ! au?ority 9 !    
int]e/ ( ! employ]1 if ! ex]cise ( !    
au?ority is n m]ely r\t9e or cl]ical 9  
nature b requires ! consi/5t ex]cise (  
indep5d5t judgm5t1 to--  7,i7 hire1     
promote1 rew>d1 transf]1 furl\gh1 lay   
(f1 recall1 susp5d1 discipl9e1 or remove
 public employees2  7,,ii7 adju/ !      
grievances ( public employees2 or       
7,,iii7 effectively recomm5d any action 
describ$ 9 subclause 7,i7 or 7,,ii72 &  
7ii7 devotes a majority ( "t at "w to   
ex]cis+ ! au?ority "u clause 7i74  7,b7 
,/ate law ,if ! t]m sup]visory employee1
 or a sub/antially equival5t t]m1 has a 
sub/antially equival5t mean+ "u         
applicable ,/ate law to ! mean+ "u      
subp>agraph 7,a7 on ! date ( ! enactm5t 
( ?is ,act1 su* t]m1 or sub/antially    
equival5t t]m1 & mean+ "u su* applicable
 ,/ate law %all apply ) respect to ! t]m
 sup]visory employee "u ?is ,act =      
public employees & public employ]s 9 su*

 ,/ate4  #d4 ,det]m9ation ( rights &    
responsibilities  7a7 ,det]m9ation  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,au?ority 
%all make a det]m9ation z to :e!r a     
,/ate sub/antially provides = ! rights &
 responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection 
7b74  7#b7 ,consid]ation ( additional   
op9ions ,9 mak+ ! det]m9ation describ$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,au?ority %all consid]
 ! op9ions ( affect$ public employees1  
labor organizations1 & public employ]s4 
,9 ! case :]e ! ,au?ority is notifi$ by 
an affect$ public employ] & labor       
organization t bo? p>ties agree t ! law 
applicable to su* employ] & labor       
organization sub/antially provides = !  
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
subsection 7b71 ! ,au?ority %all give   
su* agreem5t weight to ! maximum ext5t  
practicable 9 mak+ ! ,au?ority's        
det]m9ation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a74   
7#c7 ,limit$ crit]ia ,9 mak+ !          
det]m9ation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
,au?ority %all be limit$ to !           

application ( ! crit]ia describ$ 9      
subsection 7b7 & %all n require any     
additional crit]ia4  7#d7 ,subsequ5t    
det]m9ations  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a          
det]m9ation made pursuant to p>agraph   
7#a7 %all rema9 9 effect unless & until 
! ,au?ority issues a subsequ5t          
det]m9ation1 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures 
set =? 9 subp>agraph 7,b74  7,b7        
,proc$ures = subsequ5t det]m9ations ,^u 
e/abli%+ t a mat]ial *ange 9 ,/ate law  
or its int]pretation has occurr$1 a     
public employee1 public employ]1 or a   
labor organization may submit a writt5  
reque/ = a subsequ5t det]m9ation4 ,if   
satisfi$ t a mat]ial *ange 9 ,/ate law  
or its int]pretation has occurr$1 !     
,au?ority %all issue a subsequ5t        
det]m9ation n lat] ?an #cj days aft]    
receipt ( su* reque/4  7#e7 ,judicial   
review ,any p]son or public employ]     
aggriev$ by a det]m9ation ( ! ,au?ority 
"u ?is section may1 dur+ ! #fj-;day     
p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* !         
det]m9ation 0 made1 petition any ,unit$ 

,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ! circuit 9   
:i* ! p]son or public employ] resides or
 transacts bus9ess or 9 ! ,c\rt (       
,appeals = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia       
,circuit1 = judicial review4 ,9 any     
judicial review ( a det]m9ation made by 
! ,au?ority describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
proc$ures conta9$ 9 subsections 7c7 &   
7d7 ( section #gabc ( title #e1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 %all be foll[$4  7b7      
,rights & responsibilities ,! rights &  
responsibilities describ$ 9 ?is section 
are ea* ( ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,grant+ public 
employees ! "r to self-organization1 to 
=m1 jo91 or assi/ a labor organization1 
to b>ga9 collectively ?r\gh             
repres5tatives ( _! own *oos+1 & to     
engage 9 o!r conc]t$ activities = !     
purpose ( collective b>ga9+ or o!r      
mutual aid or protection4  7#b7 ,requir+
 public employ]s to-- 7,a7 recognize !  
labor organization ( its public         
employees 7freely *os5 9 an election by 
a majority ( su* employees vot+ 9 !     
appropriate unit71 )\t requir+ an       

election to rec]tify a labor            
organization t is already recogniz$ z ! 
repres5tative ( su* employees unless n  
less ?an #cj p]c5t ( su* employees 9 !  
appropriate unit freely sign a petition 
to dec]tify su* labor organization2     
7,b7 collectively b>ga9 ) su* recogniz$ 
labor organization2 &  7,c7 commit any  
agreem5ts ) su* recogniz$ labor         
organization to writ+ 9 a contract or   
memor&um ( und]/&+4  7#c7 ,mak+         
available an int]e/ impasse resolution  
me*anism1 su* z fact-f9d+1 m$iation1    
arbitration1 or comp>able proc$ures &   
provid+ = ! payroll d$uction ( labor    
organization fees to any duly-select$   
repres5tative ( public employees        
pursuant to ! t]ms ( an au?orization    
execut$ by su* public employees4  7#d7  
,requir+ en=cem5t ( all rights1         
responsibilities1 & protections provid$ 
by ,/ate law & enum]at$ 9 ?is section1 &
 ( any writt5 contract or memor&um (    
und]/&+ betwe5 a labor organization & a 
public employ]1 ?r\gh--  7,a7 a ,/ate   

adm9i/rative ag5cy1 if ! ,/ate s *ooses2
  7,b7 at ! election ( an aggriev$ p>ty1
 ! ,/ate c\rts2 or  7,c7 9 ! case ( an  
alleg$ violation1 mis9t]pretation1 or   
misapplication ( ! contract or memor&um 
( und]/&+1 a grievance resolution       
proc$ure negotiat$ 9 su* contract or    
memor&um4  7c7 ,compliance ) requirem5ts
 ,if ! ,au?ority det]m9es1 act+ pursuant
 to its au?ority "u subsection 7a71 t a 
,/ate sub/antially provides = ! rights &
 responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection 
7b71 !n subsection 7d7 %all n apply4    
7d7 ,failure ,to meet requirem5ts  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,if ! ,au?ority det]m9es1 act+ 
pursuant to its au?ority "u subsection  
7a71 t a ,/ate does n sub/antially      
provide = ! rights & responsibilities   
describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 !n su* ,/ate 
%all be subject to ! regulations &      
proc$ures describ$ 9 section #e beg9n+  
on ! lat] (--  7,a7 ! date t is #b ye>s 
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2  7,b7
 ! date t is ! la/ day ( ! fir/ regul>  
session ( ! legislature ( ! ,/ate t     

beg9s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is    
,act2 or  7,c7 9 ! case ( a ,/ate       
receiv+ a subsequ5t det]m9ation "u      
subsection 7a77#d71 ! date t is ! la/   
day ( ! fir/ regul> session ( !         
legislature ( ! ,/ate t beg9s aft] !    
date ! ,au?ority made ! det]m9ation4    
7#b7 ,p>tial failure ,if ! ,au?ority    
makes a det]m9ation t a ,/ate does n    
sub/antially provide = ! rights &       
responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection  
7b7 solely because ! ,/ate law          
sub/antially provides = su* rights &    
responsibilities = c]ta9 categories (   
public employees b n o!rs1 ! ,au?ority  
%all id5tify--  7,a7 ^? categories (    
public employees t %all be subject to ! 
regulations & proc$ures describ$ 9      
section #e1 pursuant to section         
#h7;b77#c71 beg9n+ on ! applicable date 
"u p>agraph 7#a72 &  7,b7 ^? categories 
( public employees t %all n be subject  
to ! regulations & proc$ures describ$ 9 
section #e4  #e4 ,m9imum /&>ds adm9i/]$ 
by ! ,f$]al labor relations au?ority    

7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,au?ority 
%all issue regulations 9 accordance ) ! 
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b7 e/abli%+ collective      
b>ga9+ proc$ures = public employ]s1     
labor organizations1 & public employees 
9 ,/ates :i* ! ,au?ority has det]m9$1   
act+ pursuant to section #d7;a71 d n    
sub/antially provide = su* rights &     
responsibilities4  7b7 ,role ( ! f$]al  
labor relations au?ority ,! ,au?ority1  
to ! ext5t provid$ 9 ?is ,act & 9       
accordance ) regulations prescrib$ by ! 
,au?ority1 %all--  7#a7 protect ! "r (  
public employees to =m1 jo91 or assi/   
any labor organization1 or to refra9 f  
any su* activity1 freely & )\t fe> (    
p5alty or reprisal1 protect ! "r (      
public employees to b>ga9 collectively  
?r\gh repres5tatives ( _! own *oos+1 &  
protect ! "r ( public employees to      
engage 9 o!r conc]t$ activities = !     
purpose ( collective b>ga9+ or o!r      
mutual aid or protection2  7#b7 sup]vise

 or conduct elections to det]m9e :e!r a 
labor organization has be5 select$ z an 
exclusive repres5tative by a majority ( 
! public employees vot+ 9 su* election 9
 an appropriate unit1 & provide = !     
payroll d$uction ( labor organization   
fees to any su* duly-elect$ exclusive   
repres5tative pursuant to ! t]ms ( an   
au?orization execut$ by a public        
employee2  7#c7 det]m9e ! appropriat5ess
 ( units = labor organization           
repres5tation2  7#d7 require public     
employ]s to--  7,a7 recognize ! labor   
organization ( its public employees     
7freely *os5 by a majority ( su*        
employees vot+ 9 ! appropriate unit7 z !
 exclusive repres5tative ( su*          
employees2  7,b7 b>ga9 9 good fai? ) su*
 labor organization conc]n+ public      
employees' t]ms & conditions (          
employm5t1 :i* %all include a proc$ure =
 ! settlem5t ( grievances culm9at+ 9    
b9d+ arbitration 9 any agreem5t & a     
proc$ure = resolv+ any impasses 9       
collective b>ga9+2 &  7,c7 commit any   

agreem5ts to writ+ 9 a contract or      
memor&um ( und]/&+2  7#e7 prohibit      
practices :i* int]f]e )1 co]ce1 or      
intimidate public employees 9 ! ex]cise 
( rights gu>ante$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 or    
regulations issu$ !reund]2  7#f7 conduct
 he>+s & resolve compla9ts conc]n+      
violations ( any regulation or ord]     
issu$ by ! ,au?ority pursuant to ?is    
,act2  7#g7 resolve exceptions to !     
aw>ds ( arbitrators2 &  7#h7 take su*   
o!r actions z are necess>y & appropriate
 to effectively adm9i/] ?is ,act1       
includ+ issu+ subpo5as requir+ !        
att5dance & te/imony ( witnesses & !    
production ( docum5t>y or o!r evid5ce f 
any place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 adm9i/]+   
oa?s1 tak+ or ord]+ ! tak+ (            
depositions1 ord]+ responses to writt5  
int]rogatories1 & receiv+ & exam9+      
witnesses4  7c7 ,en=cem5t ,! ,au?ority  
may issue an ord] direct+ compliance by 
any p]son or public employ] f\nd to be 9
 violation ( ?is section1 & may petition
 any ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals )   

jurisdiction ov] ! p>ties1 or ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,di/rict (  
,columbia ,circuit1 to en=ce any su*    
f9al ord]s issu$ pursuant to ?is section
 or pursuant to regulations issu$ "u ?is
 section1 & = appropriate tempor>y      
relief or a re/ra9+ ord]4 ,any petition 
"u ?is section %all be conduct$ 9       
accordance ) subsections 7c7 & 7d7 (    
section #gabc ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code4  #f4 ,lock\ts & employee /rikes  
prohibit$ :5 em]g5cy or public safety   
s]vices imp]il$  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject  
to subsection 7b71 any employ]1 em]g5cy 
s]vices employee1 or law en=cem5t (fic] 
to :i* section #e applies may n engage 9
 a lock\t1 /rike1 or any o!r organiz$   
job action ( :i* a reasonably probable  
result is a measurable disruption ( !   
deliv]y ( em]g5cy or public safety      
s]vices4 ,no labor organization may     
cause or attempt to cause a violation ( 
?is subsection4  7b7 ,no preemption     
,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to  
preempt any law ( any ,/ate or political

 subdivision ( any ,/ate ) respect to   
/rikes by em]g5cy s]vices employees or  
law en=cem5t (fic]s4  #g4 ,exi/+        
collective b>ga9+ units & agreem5ts ,!  
enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all n invalidate   
any c]tification1 recognition1 result ( 
an election1 collective b>ga9+ agreem5t1
 or memor&um ( und]/&+ t--  7#a7 has be5
 issu$1 approv$1 or ratifi$ by any      
public employee relations bo>d or       
commission1 or by any ,/ate or political
 subdivision or an ag5t or managem5t    
(ficial ( su* ,/ate or political        
subdivision2 &  7#b7 is 9 effect on !   
day be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  
#h4 ,exceptions  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section  
#d7;d71 & ! regulations & proc$ures "u  
section #e1 %all n apply--  7#a7 solely 
because a ,/ate law p]mits a public     
employee to appe> on ! employee's own   
behalf ) respect to ! employee's        
employm5t relations ) ! public employ]  
involv$2  7#b7 solely because a ,/ate   
law excludes f its cov]age public       
employees ( a ,/ate militia or national 

gu>d2 or  7#c7 to a political           
subdivision ( a ,/ate if-- 7,a7 su*     
political subdivision has a population (
 few] ?an #e1jjj p or employs few] ?an  
#be public employees2 &  7,b7 ! ,/ate 9 
:i* su* political subdivision is locat$ 
notifies ! ,au?ority ( ! ,/ate's reque/ 
t su* political subdivision be exempt f 
su* sections4  7b7 ,compliance  7#a7    
,actions ( /ates ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act or !  
regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act %all 
be con/ru$ to require a ,/ate to resc9d 
or preempt ! laws or ord9ances ( any    
political subdivision ( ! ,/ate if su*  
laws or ord9ances provide rights &      
responsibilities = public employees t   
are comp>able to or great] ?an ! rights 
& responsibilities describ$ 9 section   
#d7;b74  7#b7 ,actions ( ! di/rict (    
columbia ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act or !          
regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act %all 
be con/ru$-- 7,a7 to require ! ,di/rict 
( ,columbia to resc9d--  7i7 section    
#eja ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,gov]nm5t 
,compreh5sive ,m]it ,p]sonnel ,act      

7#a-fje4ja1 ,d4,c4 ,(ficial ,code71     
e/abli%+ ! ,public ,employee ,relations 
,bo>d ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 or  7ii7
 section #ejb ( su* ,act 7#a-fje4jb1    
,d4,c4 ,(ficial ,code71 e/abli%+ ! p[] (
 ! ,bo>d2  7,b7 to preempt ! laws       
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a72 or  7,c7 to
 limit or alt] ! p[]s ( ! gov]nm5t ( !  
,di/rict ( ,columbia pursuant to !      
,di/rict ( ,columbia ,home ,rule ,act4  
7#c7 ,actions ( ! au?ority ,no?+ 9 ?is  
,act or ! regulations promulgat$ "u ?is 
,act %all be con/ru$ to preempt-- 7,a7 !
 laws or ord9ances ( any ,/ate or       
political subdivision ( a ,/ate1 if su* 
laws or ord9ances provide collective    
b>ga9+ rights = public employees t are  
comp>able to or great] ?an ! rights     
enum]at$ 9 section #d7;b72  7,b7 ! laws 
or ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political   
subdivision ( a ,/ate t sub/antially    
provide = ! rights & responsibilities   
describ$ 9 section #d7;b7 ) respect to  
c]ta9 categories ( public employees     
solely because su* rights &             

responsibilities h n be5 ext5d$ to o!r  
categories ( public employees cov]$ by  
?is ,act2  7,c7 ! laws or ord9ances (   
any ,/ate or political subdivision ( a  
,/ate t sub/antially provide = ! rights 
& responsibilities describ$ 9 section   
#d7;b71 solely because su* laws or      
ord9ances provide t a contract or       
memor&um ( und]/&+ betwe5 a public      
employ] & a labor organization mu/ be   
pres5t$ to a legislative body z "p ( !  
process = approv+ su* contract or       
memor&um ( und]/&+2 or  7,d7 ! laws or  
ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political      
subdivision ( a ,/ate t p]mit or require
 a public employ] to recognize a labor  
organization on ! basis ( sign$         
au?orizations execut$ by employees      
designat+ ! labor organization z _!     
repres5tative4  7#d7 ,limit$ en=cem5t   
p[] ,9 ! case ( a law describ$ 9        
subsection 7d77#b71 ! ,au?ority %all    
only ex]cise ! p[]s provid$ 9 section #e
 ) respect to ^? categories ( public    
employees = :om ! ,/ate does n          

sub/antially provide ! rights &         
responsibilities describ$ 9 section     
#d7;b74  #i4 ,au?orization (            
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y  
to c>ry out ! provisions ( ?is ,act4