#aae? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #eegf ,,an ,,act ,to address /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,cyb] ,det]r5ce & ,response ,act ( #bjah4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,on ,febru>y #ac1 #bjah1 ! ,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce /at$ 9 8 te/imony be=e ! ,s5ate ,select ,committee on ,intellig5ce t ,russia1 ,*9a1 ,iran1 & ,nor? ,korea w pose ! greate/ cyb] ?reats to ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! next ye> ?r\gh ! use ( cyb] op]ations z l[-co/ tools ( /atecraft1 & assess$ t ^! /ates w\ld "w to use cyb] op]ations to a*ieve /rategic objectives unless !y face cle> rep]cussions = _! cyb] op]ations4 7#b7 ,! #bjag ,worldwide ,?reat ,assessm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,intellig5ce ,community /at$ t ,! pot5tial = surprise 9 ! cyb] realm w increase 9 ! next ye> & beyond z billions m digital devices are connect$--) relatively little built-9 security--& bo? nation /ates & malign actors become m embold5$ & bett] equipp$ 9 ! use ( increas+ly widespread cyb] toolkits4 ,! risk is gr[+ t "s adv]s>ies w conduct cyb] attacks--su* z data deletion or localiz$ & tempor>y disruptions ( critical infra/ructure--aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a crisis %ort ( w>44 7#c7 ,on ,m>* #bi1 #bjag1 ,presid5t ,donald ,j4 ,trump deem$ x necess>y to cont9ue ! national em]g5cy decl>$ 9 ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #acfid z ,significant malici\s cyb]-enabl$ activities orig9at+ f1 or direct$ by p]sons locat$1 9 :ole or 9 sub/antial "p1 outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 cont9ue to pose an unusual & extraord9>y ?reat to ! national security1 =eign policy1 & economy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates44 7#d7 ,on ,janu>y #e1 #bjag1 =m] ,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce1 ,james ,clapp]1 =m] ,und]secret>y ( ,def5se = ,intellig5ce1 ,m>cel ,lettre1 & ! ,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,cyb] ,comm&1 ,admiral ,mi*ael ,rog]s1 submitt$ jo9t te/imony to ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate t /at$ ,z ( late #bjaf m ?an #cj nations are develop+ (f5sive cyb] attack capabilities & t ,protect+ critical infra/ructure1 su* z crucial en]gy1 f9ancial1 manufactur+1 transportation1 communication1 & heal? sy/ems1 w become an increas+ly complex national security *all5ge44 7#e7 ,!re is significant evid5ce t hack]s affiliat$ ) =eign gov]nm5ts h conduct$ cyb] op]ations t>get+ companies & critical infra/ructure sectors 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury h ann\nc$ t-- 7,a7 on ,m>* #ae1 #bjah1 five ,russian entities & #ai ,russian individuals 7 designat$ "u ! ,c\nt]+ ,am]ica's ,adv]s>ies ,?r\gh ,sanctions ,act1 z well z pursuant to ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #acfid1 = int]f]5ce 9 ! #bjaf ,unit$ ,/ates elections & o!r malici\s cyb]-enabl$ activities2 7,b7 on ,m>* #bd1 #bjaf1 sev5 ,iranians work+ = ,iran's ,revolution>y ,gu>d ,corps-affiliat$ entities 7 indict$ = conduct+ di/ribut$ d5ial ( s]vice attacks aga9/ ! f9ancial sector 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f #bjab to #bjac2 & 7,c7 on ,may #ai1 #bjad1 five ,*9ese milit>y hack]s 7 *>g$ = hack+ ,unit$ ,/ates companies 9 ! nucle> p[]1 metals1 & sol> products indu/ries1 & engag+ 9 economic espionage4 7#f7 ,9 ,may #bjag1 ,nor? ,korea releas$ ,wanna,cry pseudo-ransomw>e1 :i* pos$ a significant risk to ! economy1 national security1 & ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! _w1 z x result$ 9 ! infection ( ov] #cjj1jjj comput] sy/ems 9 m ?an #aej c\ntries1 includ+ 9 ! heal?c>e sector ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 demon/rat+ ! global rea* & co/ ( cyb]-enabl$ malici\s activity4 7#g7 ,9 ,june #bjag1 ,russia c>ri$ out ! mo/ de/ructive cyb]-enabl$ op]ation 9 hi/ory1 releas+ ! ,not,petya malw>e t caus$ billions ( doll>s' wor? ( damage )9 ,ukra9e & across ,europe1 ,asia1 & ! ,am]icas4 7#h7 ,9 ,may #bjah1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 pursuant to section #c7;b7 ( ,executive ,ord] ,no4 #achjj1 prep>$ recomm5dations to ! ,presid5t on ,det]r+ ,adv]s>ies & ,bett] ,protect+ ! ,am]ican ,p ,f ,cyb] ,?reats1 :i* /at$ ,) respect to activities bel[ ! ?re%old ( ! use ( =ce1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld1 work+ ) likem9d$ p>tn]s :5 possible1 adopt an approa* ( impos+ swift1 co/ly1 & transp>5t consequ5ces on =eign gov]nm5ts responsible = significant malici\s cyb] activities aim$ at h>m+ ,u4,s4 national int]e/s44 #c4 ,actions to address /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7a7 ,designation z a critical cyb] ?reat actor 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t1 act+ ?r\gh ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & 9 coord9ation ) o!r relevant ,f$]al ag5cy heads1 %all designate z a critical cyb] ?reat actor-- 7,a7 ea* =eign p]son & ea* ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate t ! ,presid5t det]m9es to be kn[+ly responsible = or complicit 91 or h engag$ 91 directly or indirectly1 /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities t are reasonably likely to result 91 or h contribut$ to1 a significant ?reat to ! national security1 =eign policy1 or economic heal? or f9ancial /ability ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & t h ! purpose or effect (-- 7i7 caus+ a significant disruption to ! availability ( a comput] or network ( comput]s2 7ii7 h>m+1 or o!rwise significantly compromis+ ! provision ( s]vice by1 a comput] or network ( comput]s t support "o or m entities 9 a critical infra/ructure sector2 7iii7 significantly compromis+ ! provision ( s]vices by "o or m entities 9 a critical infra/ructure sector2 7iv7 caus+ a significant misappropriation ( funds or economic res\rces1 trade secrets1 p]sonal id5tifi]s1 or f9ancial in=mation = comm]cial or competitive advantage or private f9ancial ga92 7v7 de/abiliz+ ! f9ancial sector ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by tamp]+ )1 alt]+1 or caus+ a misappropriation ( data2 or 7vi7 int]f]+ ) or und]m9+ election processes or in/itutions by tamp]+ )1 alt]+1 or caus+ misappropriation ( data2 7,b7 ea* =eign p]son t ! ,presid5t has det]m9$ to h kn[+ly1 significantly1 & mat]ially assi/$1 sponsor$1 or provid$ f9ancial1 mat]ial1 or te*nological support =1 or goods or s]vices to or 9 support (1 any activities describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 by a =eign p]son or ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u subp>agraph 7,a72 & 7,c7 ea* ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate t ! ,presid5t has det]m9$ to h significantly & mat]ially assi/$1 sponsor$1 or provid$ f9ancial1 mat]ial1 or te*nological support =1 or goods or s]vices to or 9 support (1 any activities describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 by a =eign p]son or ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u subp>agraph 7,a74 7#b7 ,publication 9 ,f$]al ,regi/] 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all-- 7i7 publi% 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] a li/ ( ea* =eign p]son & ea* ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u ?is subsection2 & 7ii7 regul>ly update su* li/ n lat] ?an #g days aft] mak+ any *anges to su* li/1 & publi% 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] su* updates4 7,b7 ,exception 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t may )hold f publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] "u subp>agraph 7,a7 ! id5tification ( any =eign p]son or ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u ?is subsection if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t )hold+ su* id5tification-- 7,i7 9 ! national int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or 7,,ii7 is = an important law en=cem5t purpose4 7ii7 ,transmission ,if ! ,presid5t ex]cises ! au?ority "u ?is subp>agraph to )hold f publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] ! id5tification ( a =eign p]son or ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u ?is subsection1 ! ,presid5t %all transmit to ! appropriate congressional committees 9 classifi$ =m a report conta9+ any su* id5tification1 toge!r ) ! reasons = su* ex]cise4 7b7 ,non-,travel-,relat$ sanctions 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all impose "o or m ( ! applicable sanctions describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 ) respect to ea* =eign p]son & ea* ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,sanctions describ$ ,! sanctions describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph are ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! ,presid5t may provide = ! )drawal1 limitation1 or susp5sion ( non-humanit>ian ,unit$ ,/ates developm5t assi/ance "u *apt] #a ( "p ,i ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa4 7,b7 ,! ,presid5t may provide = ! )drawal1 limitation1 or susp5sion ( ,unit$ ,/ates security assi/ance "u "p ,,ii ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa4 7,c7 ,! ,presid5t may direct ! ,unit$ ,/ates executive director to ea* int]national f9ancial in/itution to use ! voice & vote ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to oppose any loan f ! int]national f9ancial in/itution t w\ld b5efit ! designat$ =eign p]son or ! designat$ ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate4 7,d7 ,! ,presid5t may direct ! ,ov]seas ,private ,inve/m5t ,corporation1 or any o!r ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ag5cy n to approve ! issuance ( any 7or a specifi$ numb] (7 gu>antees1 insurance1 ext5sions ( cr$it1 or p>ticipations 9 ! ext5sion ( cr$it4 7,e7 ,! ,presid5t may1 pursuant to su* regulations or guidel9es z ! ,presid5t may prescribe1 prohibit any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son f inve/+ 9 or pur*as+ significant am\nts ( equity or debt in/rum5ts ( ! designat$ =eign p]son4 7,f7 ,! ,presid5t may1 pursuant to proc$ures ! ,presid5t %all prescribe1 :i* %all include ! opportunity to appeal actions "u ?is subp>agraph1 prohibit any ,unit$ ,/ates ag5cy or in/rum5tality f procur+1 or ent]+ into any contract = ! procurem5t (1 any goods1 te*nology1 or s]vices1 or classes ( goods1 te*nology1 or s]vices1 f ! designat$ =eign p]son or ! designat$ ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate4 7,g7 ,! ,presid5t may ord] ! heads ( ! appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates ag5cies to n issue any 7or a specifi$ numb] (7 specific lic5ses1 & to n grant any o!r specific au?ority 7or a specifi$ numb] ( au?orities71 to export any goods or te*nology to ! designat$ =eign p]son or ! designat$ ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate "u-- 7i7 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act72 7ii7 ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act2 7iii7 ! ,atomic ,en]gy ,act ( #aied2 or 7iv7 any o!r /atute t requires ! prior review & approval ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t z a condition = ! export or re-export ( goods or s]vices4 7,h7 7i7 ,! ,presid5t may ex]cise all ( ! p[]s grant$ to ! ,presid5t "u ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq47 7except t ! requirem5ts ( section #bjb ( su* ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja7 %all n apply7 to ! ext5t necess>y to block & prohibit all transactions 9 prop]ty & int]e/s 9 prop]ty ( ! designat$ =eign p]son if su* prop]ty & int]e/s 9 prop]ty are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 come )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or are or come )9 ! possession or control ( a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son4 7ii7 ,! p5alties provid$ = 9 subsections 7b7 & 7c7 ( section #bjf ( ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agje7 %all apply to a p]son t violates1 attempts to violate1 conspires to violate1 or causes a violation ( regulations prescrib$ "u clause 7i7 to ! same ext5t t su* p5alties apply to a p]son t commits an unlawful act describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 ( su* section #bjf4 7,i7 ,! ,presid5t may1 pursuant to su* regulations z ! ,presid5t may prescribe1 prohibit any transf]s ( cr$it or paym5ts betwe5 "o or m f9ancial in/itutions or by1 ?r\gh1 or to any f9ancial in/itution1 to ! ext5t t su* transf]s or paym5ts are subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & involve any int]e/ ( ! designat$ =eign p]son4 7c7 ,travel-,relat$ sanctions 7#a7 ,ali5s ineligible = visas1 admission1 or p>ole ,an ali5 :o is designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u subsection 7a7 is-- 7,a7 inadmissible to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,b7 ineligible to receive a visa or o!r docum5tation to ent] ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,c7 o!rwise ineligible to be admitt$ or p>ol$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates or to receive any o!r b5efit "u ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja et seq474 7#b7 ,curr5t visas revok$ ,! issu+ consul> (fic]1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 or ! ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security 7or a designee ( ei!r su* ,secret>ies7 %all revoke any visa or o!r entry docum5tation issu$ to ! =eign p]son designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u subsection 7a7 reg>dless ( :5 issu$4 ,a revocation "u ?is clause %all take effect imm$iately & %all automatically cancel any o!r valid visa or entry docum5tation t is 9 ! possession ( su* =eign p]son4 7d7 ,additional sanctions ) respect to =eign /ates 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t may impose any ( ! sanctions describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 ) respect to ! gov]nm5t ( ea* =eign /ate t ! ,presid5t has det]m9$ aid$1 abett$1 or direct$ a =eign p]son or ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate designat$ z a critical cyb] ?reat actor "u subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,sanctions describ$ ,! sanctions ref]r$ to 9 p>agraph 7#a7 are ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! ,presid5t may provide = ! )drawal1 limitation1 or susp5sion ( non-humanit>ian or non-trade-relat$ assi/ance ,unit$ ,/ates developm5t assi/ance "u *apt] #a ( "p ,i ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa4 7,b7 ,! ,presid5t may provide = ! )drawal1 limitation1 or susp5sion ( ,unit$ ,/ates security assi/ance "u "p ,,ii ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa4 7,c7 ,! ,presid5t may in/ruct ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,executive ,director to ea* appropriate int]national f9ancial in/itution to oppose1 & vote aga9/ ! ext5sion by su* in/itution ( any loan or f9ancial assi/ance to ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign /ate4 7,d7 ,no item on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,munitions ,li/ 7e/abli%$ pursuant to section #ch ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bggh77 or ! ,comm]ce ,control ,li/ set =? 9 ,supplem5t ,no4 #a to "p #ggd ( title #ae1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 may be export$ to ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign /ate4 7e7 ,implem5tation ,! ,presid5t may ex]cise all au?orities provid$ "u sections #bjc & #bje ( ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agjb & #agjd7 to c>ry out ?is section4 7f7 ,coord9ation ,to ! ext5t practicable-- 7#a7 actions tak5 by ! ,presid5t pursuant to ?is section %\ld be coord9at$ ) ,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s2 & 7#b7 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %\ld "w ) ,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s1 on a volunt>y basis1 to lead an int]national diplomatic initiative to-- 7,a7 det] critical cyb] ?reat actors & /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities2 & 7,b7 provide mutual support to su* allies & p>tn]s p>ticipat+ 9 su* initiative to respond to su* /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities4 7g7 ,exemptions1 waiv]s1 & removals ( sanctions & designations 7#a7 ,m&atory exemptions ,! foll[+ activities %all be exempt f sanctions "u subsections 7b71 7c71 & 7d73 7,a7 ,activities subject to ! report+ requirem5ts ( title ,v ( ! ,national ,security ,act ( #aidg 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dac et seq471 or to any au?oriz$ intellig5ce activities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,b7 ,any transaction necess>y to comply ) ,unit$ ,/ates obligations "u ! ,agreem5t betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,nations & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica reg>d+ ! ,headqu>t]s ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 sign$ ,june #bf1 #aidg1 & ent]$ into =ce on ,novemb] #ba1 #aidg1 or "u ! ,vi5na ,conv5tion on ,consul> ,relations1 sign$ ,april #bd1 #aifc1 & ent]$ into =ce on ,m>* #ai1 #aifg1 or "u o!r int]national obligations4 7#b7 ,waiv] ,! ,presid5t may waive ! imposition ( sanctions describ$ 9 ?is section = a p]iod ( n m ?an #a ye>1 & may r5ew su* waiv] = additional p]iods ( n m ?an #a ye>1 if ! ,presid5t transmits to ! appropriate congressional committees a writt5 det]m9ation t su* waiv] meets "o or m ( ! foll[+ requirem5ts3 7,a7 ,su* waiv] is 9 ! national int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,b7 ,su* waiv] w fur!r ! en=cem5t ( ?is ,act or is = an important law en=cem5t purpose4 7,c7 ,su* waiv] is = an important humanit>ian purpose4 7#c7 ,removals ( sanctions & designations ,! ,presid5t may prescribe rules & regulations = ! removal ( sanctions "u subsections 7b71 7c71 & 7d7 & ! removal ( designations "u subsection 7a7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t a =eign p]son1 ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate1 or gov]nm5t ( a =eign /ate subject to su* sanctions or su* designations1 z ! case may be1 has v]ifiably ceas$ its p>ticipation 9 any ( ! conduct ) respect to :i* su* =eign p]son1 ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate1 or gov]nm5t ( a =eign /ate 0 subject to su* sanctions or designation1 z ! case may be1 "u ?is section1 & has giv5 assurances t su* =eign p]son1 ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate1 or gov]nm5t ( a =eign /ate1 z ! case may be1 w no long] p>ticipate 9 su* conduct4 7#d7 ,exception to comply ) unit$ nations headqu>t]s agreem5t ,sanctions "u subsection 7c7 %all n apply to a =eign p]son if admitt+ su* =eign p]son into ! ,unit$ ,/ates is necess>y to p]mit ! ,unit$ ,/ates to comply ) ! ,agreem5t reg>d+ ! ,headqu>t]s ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 sign$ at ,lake ,success ,june #bf1 #aidg1 & ent]$ into =ce ,novemb] #ba1 #aidg1 betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,nations & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or o!r applicable int]national obligations4 7h7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section may be con/ru$ to limit ! au?ority ( ! ,presid5t "u ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq47 or any o!r provision ( law to impose sanctions to address critical cyb] ?reat actors & malici\s /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities4 7i7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,admitt$2 ali5 ,! t]ms admitt$ & ali5 h ! mean+s giv5 su* t]ms 9 section #aja ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja74 7#b7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,! t]m appropriate congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 ! ,committee on ,f9ancial ,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1 ! ,committee on ,ov]sight & ,gov]nm5t ,re=m1 & ! ,committee on ,homel& ,security ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 & 7,b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations1 ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs1 ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1 & ! ,committee on ,homel& ,security & ,gov]nm5tal ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate4 7#c7 ,ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate ,! t]m ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section #afjc7;b7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7#d7 ,critical infra/ructure sector ,! t]m critical infra/ructure sector means any ( ! designat$ critical infra/ructure sectors id5tifi$ 9 ! ,presid5tial ,policy ,directive entitl$ ,critical ,infra/ructure ,security & ,resili5ce1 numb]$ #ba1 & dat$ ,febru>y #ab1 #bjac4 7#e7 ,=eign p]son ,! t]m =eign p]son means a p]son t is n a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son4 7#f7 ,=eign /ate ,! t]m =eign /ate has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section #afjc7;a7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7#g7 ,kn[+ly ,! t]m kn[+ly1 ) respect to conduct1 a circum/ance1 or a result1 means t a p]son has actual k1 or %\ld h kn[n1 ( ! conduct1 ! circum/ance1 or ! result4 7#h7 ,misappropriation ,! t]m misappropriation means tak+ or obta9+ by improp] means1 )\t p]mission or cons5t1 or "u false pret5ses4 7#i7 ,/ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities ,! t]m /ate-sponsor$ cyb] activities means any malici\s cyb]-enabl$ activities t-- 7,a7 are c>ri$ out by a gov]nm5t ( a =eign /ate or an ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate2 or 7,b7 are c>ri$ out by a =eign p]son t is aid$1 abett$1 or direct$ by a gov]nm5t ( a =eign /ate or an ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate4 7#aj7 ,unit$ ,/ates p]son ,! t]m ,unit$ ,/ates p]son means-- 7,a7 a ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5 or an ali5 lawfully admitt$ = p]man5t resid5ce to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or 7,b7 an entity organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( any jurisdiction )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ a =eign bran* ( su* an entity4 ,pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,septemb] #e1 #bjah4;,cl]k4