,i #aae? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #ejdj ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,febru>y #ae1 #bjah,mr4 ,royce ( ,cali=nia 7= himself & ,mr4 ,engel7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee on ,ov]sight & ,gov]nm5t ,re=m1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$ ,a ,,bill ,to au?orize ! ,presid5t to control ! export1 reexport1 & transf] ( commodities1 s(tw>e1 & te*nology to protect ! national security1 & to promote ! =eign policy1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table ( cont5ts 7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,export ,control ,re=m ,act ( #bjah4 7b7 ,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts ( ?is ,act is z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,def9itions4 ,title ,i--,au?ority & adm9i/ration ( controls ,sec4 #aja4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4 #ajb4 ,/atem5t ( policy4 ,sec4 #ajc4 ,au?ority ( ! ,presid5t4 ,sec4 #ajd4 ,additional au?orities4 ,sec4 #aje4 ,adm9i/ration ( export controls4 ,sec4 #ajf4 ,control li/s4 ,sec4 #ajg4 ,lic5s+4 ,sec4 #ajh4 ,compliance assi/ance4 ,sec4 #aji4 ,requirem5ts to id5tify & control em]g+ critical te*nologies 9 export control regulations4 ,sec4 #aaj4 ,p5alties4 ,sec4 #aaa4 ,en=cem5t4 ,sec4 #aab4 ,adm9i/rative proc$ure4 ,sec4 #aac4 ,annual report to ,congress4 ,sec4 #aad4 ,repeal4 ,sec4 #aae4 ,effect on o!r ,acts4 ,sec4 #aaf4 ,transition provisions4 ,title ,,ii--,anti-,boycott ,act ( #bjah ,sec4 #bja4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,/atem5t ( policy4 ,sec4 #bjc4 ,=eign boycotts4 ,sec4 #bjd4 ,en=cem5t4 ,title ,,iii--,sanctions ,reg>d+ ,missile ,prolif]ation & ,*emical & ,biological ,weapons ,prolif]ation ,sec4 #cja4 ,missile prolif]ation control violations4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,*emical & biological weapons prolif]ation sanctions4 #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,controll$ ,! t]m controll$1 ) respect to an item1 means ! export1 reexport1 or transf] ( ! item is controll$ "u title ,i4 7#b7 ,dual-use ,! t]m dual-use1 ) respect to an item1 means ! item has civilian applications & milit>y1 t]rorism1 or weapons ( mass de/ruction-relat$ applications4 7#c7 ,export ,! t]m export1 ) respect to an item subject to controls "u title ,i1 includes-- 7,a7 ! %ipm5t or transmission ( ! item out ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! s5d+ or tak+ ( ! item out ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 any mann]2 & 7,b7 ! release or transf] ( te*nology or s\rce code relat+ to ! item to a =eign p]son 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#d7 ,export adm9i/ration regulations ,! t]m ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations means-- 7,a7 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations z promulgat$1 ma9ta9$1 & am5d$ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act & codifi$1 z ( ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 9 sub*apt] ,c ( *apt] ,,vii ( title #ae1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations2 or 7,b7 regulations t are promulgat$1 ma9ta9$1 & am5d$ "u ! au?ority ( title ,i on or aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 7#e7 ,=eign p]son ,! t]m =eign p]son means a p]son t is n a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son4 7#f7 ,item ,! t]m item means a commodity1 s(tw>e1 or te*nology4 7#g7 ,p]son 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m p]son means-- 7i7 a natural p]son2 7ii7 a corporation1 bus9ess association1 p>tn]%ip1 society1 tru/1 f9ancial in/itution1 insur]1 und]writ]1 gu>antor1 & any o!r bus9ess organization1 any o!r nongov]nm5tal entity1 organization1 or gr\p1 & any gov]nm5tal entity op]at+ z a bus9ess ent]prise2 & 7iii7 any successor to any entity describ$ 9 clause 7ii74 7,b7 ,application to gov]nm5tal entities ,! t]m p]son does n include a gov]nm5t or gov]nm5tal entity t is n op]at+ z a bus9ess ent]prise4 7#h7 ,reexport ,! t]m reexport1 ) respect to an item subject to controls "u title ,i1 includes-- 7,a7 ! %ipm5t or transmission ( ! item f a =eign c\ntry to ano!r =eign c\ntry1 includ+ ! s5d+ or tak+ ( ! item f ! =eign c\ntry to ! o!r =eign c\ntry1 9 any mann]2 & 7,b7 ! release or transf] ( te*nology or s\rce code relat+ to ! item to a =eign p]son outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#i7 ,te*nology ,! t]m te*nology-- 7,a7 includes-- 7i7 in=mation necess>y = ! developm5t1 production1 use1 op]ation1 in/allation1 ma9t5ance1 repair1 ov]haul or refurbi%+ ( an item2 & 7ii7 in=mation at :atev] /age ( its creation1 su* z f\ndational in=mation & "k-h[1 z fur!r def9$ by regulations2 & 7,b7 does n include publi%$ in=mation1 includ+ pr]ecord$ records1 pr9t$ books1 pamphlets1 miscellane\s publications1 or o!r in=mation1 t-- 7i7 arises dur+1 or results f1 fundam5tal rese>* & is int5d$ to be publi%$2 7ii7 is releas$ by in/ruction 9 a catalog c\rse or associat$ tea*+ laboratory ( an academic in/itution2 7iii7 appe>s 9 pat5ts or op5 7publi%$7 pat5t publications available f or at any pat5t (fice1 unless cov]$ by an inv5tion secrecy ord]2 7iv7 is non-propriet>y sy/em descriptions2 7v7 is telemetry data2 or 7vi7 is any o!r category or type ( in=mation1 z det]m9$ by ! ,presid5t = purposes ( national security or =eign policy conc]ns4 7#aj7 ,transf] ,! t]m transf]1 ) respect to an item subject to controls "u title ,i1 means a *ange 9 ! end-use or end us] ( ! item )9 ! same =eign c\ntry4 7#aa7 ,unit$ ,/ates ,! t]m ,unit$ ,/ates means ! sev]al ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to ,rico1 ! ,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn ,m>iana ,isl&s1 ,am]ican ,samoa1 ,guam1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9 ,isl&s1 & any o!r t]ritory or possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#ab7 ,unit$ ,/ates p]son ,! t]m ,unit$ ,/ates p]son means-- 7,a7 any individual :o is a citiz5 or national ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or :o is an individual describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 ( section #bgd;,b7a77#c7 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #acbd;b7a77#c772 & 7,b7 a corporation or o!r legal entity :i* is organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 any ,/ate or t]ritory !re(1 or ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 if natural p]sons describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 own1 directly or indirectly1 m ?an #ej p]c5t ( ! out/&+ capital /ock or o!r b5eficial int]e/ 9 su* legal entity4 7#ac7 ,weapons ( mass de/ruction ,! t]m weapons ( mass de/ruction means nucle>1 radiological1 *emical1 & biological weapons & deliv]y sy/ems = su* weapons4 ,i ,au?ority & adm9i/ration ( controls #aja4 ,%ort title ,?is title may be cit$ z ! ,export ,controls ,act ( #bjah4 #ajb4 ,/atem5t ( policy ,! foll[+ is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 7#a7 ,! national security & =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates require t ! export1 reexport1 & transf] ( items1 & specific activities ( ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons1 :]ev] locat$1 be controll$ = ! foll[+ purposes3 7,a7 ,to control ! access to items = use 9-- 7i7 ! prolif]ation ( weapons ( mass de/ruction or ( conv5tional weapons2 7ii7 ! acquisition ( de/abiliz+ numb]s or types ( conv5tional weapons2 7iii7 acts ( t]rorism2 7iv7 milit>y programs t c\ld pose a ?reat to ! security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or its allies2 or 7v7 activities und]tak5 specifically to cause significant int]f]5ce ) or disruption ( critical infra/ructure4 7,b7 ,to pres]ve ! qualitative milit>y sup]iority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,c7 ,to /r5g!n ! ,unit$ ,/ates indu/rial base4 7,d7 ,to c>ry out ! =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! protection ( human rights & ! promotion ( democracy4 7,e7 ,to c>ry out obligations & commitm5ts "u int]national agreem5ts & arrangem5ts1 includ+ multilat]al export control regimes4 7,f7 ,to facilitate milit>y int]op]ability betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization 7,,nato7 & o!r close allies4 7,g7 ,to ensure national security controls are tailor$ to focus on ^? core te*nologies & o!r items t are capable ( be+ us$ to pose a s]i\s national security ?reat to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#b7 ,! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates requires t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ma9ta9 its lead]%ip 9 ! sci5ce1 te*nology1 eng9e]+1 & manufactur+ sectors4 ,su* lead]%ip requires t ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons are competitive 9 global m>kets4 ,! impact ( ! implem5tation ( ?is title on su* lead]%ip & competitiv5ess mu/ be evaluat$ on an ongo+ basis & appli$ 9 impos+ controls "u sections #ajc & #ajd to avoid negatively affect+ su* lead]%ip4 7#c7 ,! national security & =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates require t ! ,unit$ ,/ates p>ticipate 9 multilat]al organizations & agreem5ts reg>d+ export controls on items t are consi/5t ) ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & take all ! necess>y /eps to secure ! adoption & consi/5t en=cem5t1 by ! gov]nm5ts ( su* c\ntries1 ( export controls on items t are consi/5t ) su* policy4 7#d7 ,export controls %\ld be fully coord9at$ ) ! multilat]al export control regimes4 ,export controls t are multilat]al are mo/ effective1 & %\ld be tailor$ to focus on ^? core te*nologies & o!r items t are capable ( be+ us$ to pose a s]i\s national security ?reat to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its allies4 7#e7 ,export controls appli$ unilat]ally to items widely available f =eign s\rces g5]ally are less effective 9 prev5t+ end-us]s f acquir+ ^? items4 7#f7 ,! effective adm9i/ration ( export controls requires a cle> und]/&+ bo? inside & outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ( :i* te*nologies & o!r items are controll$ & an effici5t process %\ld be creat$ to update ! controls1 su* z by remov+ & add+ te*nologies & o!r items4 7#g7 ,! export control sy/em mu/ ensure t x is transp>5t1 pr$ictable1 & timely1 has ! flexibility to be adapt$ to address new ?reats 9 ! future1 & all[s seamless access to & %>+ ( export control in=mation among all relevant ,unit$ ,/ates national security & =eign policy ag5cies4 7#h7 ,implem5tation & en=cem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates export controls require robu/ capabilities 9 monitor+1 intellig5ce1 & inve/igation1 appropriate p5alties = violations1 & ! ability to swiftly int]dict unapprov$ transf]s4 7#i7 ,export controls %\ld be balanc$ ) ,unit$ ,/ates c\nt]t]rorism1 in=mation security1 & cyb]-security policies to ensure ! ability to export1 reexport1 & transf] te*nology & o!r items 9 support ( c\nt]t]rorism1 critical infra/ructure1 & o!r homel& security priorities1 :ile effectively prev5t+ malici\s cyb] t]rori/s f obta9+ items t ?reat5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its int]e/s1 includ+ ! protection ( & safety ( ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s abroad4 7#aj7 ,export controls complem5t & are a critical elem5t ( ! national security policies und]ly+ ! laws & regulations gov]n+ =eign direct inve/m5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ controll+ ! transf] ( critical te*nologies to c]ta9 =eign p]sons4 ,?us1 ! ,presid5t1 9 close coord9ation ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy1 & o!r ag5cies responsible = export controls1 %\ld h a regul> & robu/ process to id5tify ! em]g+ & o!r types ( critical te*nologies ( conc]n1 z def9$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates =eign direct inve/m5t laws1 & regulate _! release to =eign p]sons z w>rant$ reg>dless ( ! nature ( ! und]ly+ transaction4 ,su* id5tification ef=ts %\ld draw ^u ! res\rces & exp]tise ( all relevant p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 indu/ry1 & academia4 ,^! ef=ts %\ld be 9 addition to traditional ef=ts to mod]nize & update ! li/s ( controll$ items "u ! multilat]al export control regimes4 7#aa7 ,! au?ority "u ?is title may be ex]cis$ only 9 fur!rance ( all ( ! objectives set =? 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#aj74 #ajc4 ,au?ority ( ! ,presid5t 7a7 ,au?ority ,9 ord] to c>ry out ! policy set =? 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#aj7 ( section #ajb1 ! ,presid5t %all control-- 7#a7 ! export1 reexport1 & transf] ( items1 :e!r by ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons1 :]ev] locat$1 or by =eign p]sons1 :]ev] locat$2 & 7#b7 ! activities ( ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons1 :]ev] locat$1 relat+ to specific-- 7,a7 nucle> explosive devices2 7,b7 missiles2 7,c7 *emical or biological weapons2 7,d7 :ole plants = *emical weapons precursors2 7,e7 =eign m>itime nucle> projects2 & 7,f7 =eign intellig5ce s]vices4 7b7 ,requirem5ts ,9 ex]cis+ au?ority "u ?is title1 ! ,presid5t %all impose controls to a*ieve ! foll[+ objectives3 7#a7 ,to regulate ! export1 reexport1 & transf] ( items describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#a7 ( ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons1 :]ev] locat$1 or =eign p]sons1 :]ev] locat$4 7#b7 ,to regulate ! activities describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#b7 ( ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons1 :]ev] locat$4 7#c7 ,to secure ! coop]ation ( o!r gov]nm5ts & multilat]al organizations to impose control sy/ems t are consi/5t1 to ! ext5t possible1 ) ! controls impos$ "u subsection 7a74 7#d7 ,to ma9ta9 ! lead]%ip ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 sci5ce1 eng9e]+1 te*nology rese>* & developm5t1 & manufactur+4 7#e7 ,to enhance ! viability ( comm]cial firms1 academic in/itutions1 & rese>* e/abli%m5ts1 & ma9ta9 ! skill$ work=ce ( su* firms1 in/itutions1 & e/abli%m5ts1 t are necess>y to pres]v+ ! lead]%ip ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#d74 7#f7 ,to /r5g!n ! ,unit$ ,/ates indu/rial base1 bo? ) respect to curr5t & future def5se requirem5ts4 7#g7 ,to en=ce ! controls ?r\gh means su* z regulations1 requirem5ts = compliance1 li/s ( controll$ items1 li/s ( =eign p]sons :o ?reat5 ! national security or =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & guidance 9 a =m t facilitates compliance by ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons & =eign p]sons1 9 p>ticul> academic in/itutions1 sci5tific & rese>* e/abli%m5ts1 & small- & m$ium-siz$ bus9esses4 #ajd4 ,additional au?orities 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 c>ry+ out ?is title1 ! ,presid5t %all-- 7#a7 e/abli% & ma9ta9 li/s publi%$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce ( items t are controll$ "u ?is title2 7#b7 e/abli% & ma9ta9 li/s publi%$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce ( =eign p]sons & end-uses t are det]m9$ to be a ?reat to ! national security & =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates pursuant to ! policy set =? 9 section #ajb7a77;,a7 & to :om exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( items are controll$2 7#c7 prohibit unau?oriz$ exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( controll$ items2 7#d7 re/rict exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( any controll$ items to any =eign p]son or end-use li/$ "u p>agraph 7#b72 7#e7 require lic5ses or o!r au?orizations1 z appropriate1 = exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( controll$ items1 includ+ impos+ conditions or re/rictions on ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons & =eign p]sons ) respect to su* lic5ses or o!r au?orizations2 7#f7 e/abli% a process by :i* ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce or a lic5se applicant reque/s an assessm5t t a =eign item is comp>able 9 quality to an item controll$ "u ?is title1 & is available 9 suffici5t quantities to r5d] ! ,unit$ ,/ates export control ( t item or ! d5ial ( a lic5se ineffective2 7#g7 require measures = compliance ) ! export controls e/abli%$ "u ?is title2 7#h7 require & obta9 su* in=mation f ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons & =eign p]sons z is necess>y to c>ry out ?is title2 7#i7 require1 z appropriate1 advance notice be=e an item is export$1 reexport$1 or transf]r$1 z an alt]native to requir+ a lic5se2 7#aj7 require1 to ! ext5t feasible1 id5tification ( items subject to controls "u ?is title 9 ord] to facilitate ! en=cem5t ( su* controls2 7#aa7 inspect1 se>*1 deta91 seize1 or impose tempor>y d5ial ord]s ) respect to items1 9 any =m1 t are subject to controls "u ?is title1 or conveyances on :i* x is believ$ t !re are items t h be51 are be+1 or are ab\t to be export$1 reexport$1 or transf]r$ 9 violation ( ?is title2 7#ab7 monitor %ipm5ts1 or o!r means ( transf]2 7#ac7 keep ! public fully appris$ ( *anges 9 policy1 regulations1 & proc$ures e/abli%$ "u ?is title2 7#ad7 appo9t te*nical advisory committees 9 accordance ) ! ,f$]al ,advisory ,committee ,act2 7#ae7 create1 z w>rant$1 exceptions to lic5s+ requirem5ts 9 ord] to fur!r ! objectives ( ?is title2 & 7#af7 und]take any o!r action z is necess>y to c>ry out ?is title & is n o!rwise prohibit$ by law4 7b7 ,relation%ip to ,,ieepa ,! au?ority "u ?is title may n be us$ to regulate or prohibit "u ?is title ! export1 reexport1 or transf] ( any item t may n be regulat$ or prohibit$ "u section #bjc7;b7 ( ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agjb7;b774 7c7 ,c\ntries support+ int]national t]rorism 7#a7 ,lic5se requirem5t 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a lic5se %all be requir$ = ! export1 reexport1 or transf] ( items to a c\ntry if ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate has made ! foll[+ det]m9ations3 7i7 ,! gov]nm5t ( su* c\ntry has repeat$ly provid$ support = acts ( int]national t]rorism4 7ii7 ,! export1 reexport1 or transf] ( su* items c\ld make a significant contribution to ! milit>y pot5tial ( su* c\ntry1 includ+ its milit>y logi/ics capability1 or c\ld enhance ! ability ( su* c\ntry to support acts ( int]national t]rorism4 7,b7 ,det]m9ation "u o!r provisions ( law ,a det]m9ation ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u section #fbj;,a ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bcga71 section #dj ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bghj71 or any o!r provision ( law t ! gov]nm5t ( a c\ntry describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 has repeat$ly provid$ support = acts ( int]national t]rorism %all be deem$ to be a det]m9ation ) respect to su* gov]nm5t = purposes ( clause 7i7 ( subp>agraph 7,a74 7#b7 ,notification to ,congress ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce %all notify ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs & ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate at lea/ #cj days be=e issu+ any lic5se requir$ by p>agraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,publication 9 ,f$]al ,regi/] ,ea* det]m9ation ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 %all be publi%$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]1 except t ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate may exclude confid5tial in=mation & trade secrets conta9$ 9 su* det]m9ation4 7#d7 ,rescission ( det]m9ation ,a det]m9ation ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate "u p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 may n be resc9d$ unless ! ,presid5t submits to ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ! *airman ( ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & ! *airman ( ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs & ! *airman ( ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate-- 7,a7 be=e ! propos$ rescission w\ld take effect1 a report c]tify+ t-- 7i7 !re has be5 a fundam5tal *ange 9 ! lead]%ip & policies ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry conc]n$2 7ii7 t gov]nm5t is n support+ acts ( int]national t]rorism2 & 7iii7 t gov]nm5t has provid$ assurances t x w n support acts ( int]national t]rorism 9 ! future2 or 7,b7 at lea/ #ij days be=e ! propos$ rescission w\ld take effect1 a report ju/ify+ ! rescission & c]tify+ t-- 7i7 ! gov]nm5t conc]n$ has n provid$ any support = acts int]national t]rorism dur+ ! prec$+ #bd-mon? p]iod2 & 7ii7 ! gov]nm5t conc]n$ has provid$ assurances t x w n support acts ( int]national t]rorism 9 ! future4 7#e7 ,disapproval ( rescission ,no rescission "u p>agraph 7#d77;,b7 ( a det]m9ation "u p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 ) respect to ! gov]nm5t ( a c\ntry may be made if ,congress1 )9 #ij days aft] receipt ( a report "u p>agraph 7#d77;,b71 enacts a jo9t resolution describ$ 9 subsection 7f77#b7 ( section #dj ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act ) respect to a rescission "u subsection 7f77#a7 ( su* section ) respect to ! gov]nm5t ( su* c\ntry4 7#f7 ,notification & brief+ ,n lat] ?an-- 7,a7 t5 days aft] initiat+ a review ( ! activities ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry conc]n$ )9 ! #bd-mon? p]iod ref]r$ to 9 p>agraph 7#d77;,b77i71 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all notify ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate ( su* initiation2 & 7,b7 #bj days aft] ! notification describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all brief ! congressional committees describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 on ! /atus ( su* review4 7#g7 ,cont5ts ( notification ( lic5se ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all include 9 ! notification requir$ by p>agraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 a detail$ description ( ! items to be (f]$1 includ+ a brief description ( ! capabilities ( any item = :i* a lic5se to export1 reexport1 or transf] ! items is s\ght2 7,b7 ! reasons :y ! =eign c\ntry1 p]son1 or entity to :i* ! export1 reexport1 or transf] is propos$ to be made has reque/$ ! items "u ! export1 reexport1 or transf]1 & a description ( ! mann] 9 :i* su* c\ntry1 p]son1 or entity int5ds to use su* items2 7,c7 ! reasons :y ! propos$ export1 reexport1 or transf] is 9 ! national int]e/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,d7 an analysis ( ! impact ( ! propos$ export1 reexport1 or transf] on ! milit>y capabilities ( ! =eign c\ntry1 p]son1 or entity to :i* su* transf] w\ld be made2 7,e7 an analysis ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! propos$ export1 reexport1 or transf] w\ld affect ! relative milit>y /r5g?s ( c\ntries 9 ! region to :i* ! items t are ! subject ( su* export1 reexport1 or transf] w\ld be deliv]$ & :e!r o!r c\ntries 9 ! region h comp>able k9ds & am\nts ( items2 & 7,f7 an analysis ( ! impact ( ! propos$ export1 reexport1 or transf] on ! relations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) ! c\ntries 9 ! region to :i* ! items t are ! subject ( su* export1 reexport1 or transf] w\ld be deliv]$4 7d7 ,enhanc$ prolif]ation controls 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 fur!rance ( section #ajc7;a7 ( ?is title1 ! ,presid5t %all1 except to ! ext5t au?oriz$ by a /atute or regulation adm9i/]$ by a ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy o!r ?an ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 require a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son1 :]ev] locat$1 to apply = & receive a lic5se f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce = ! export1 reexport1 or transf] ( items describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 or = ! p]=mance ( s]vices relat+ to su* items4 7#b7 ,items describ$ ,! items describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph are-- 7,a7 nucle> explosive devices2 7,b7 missiles2 7,c7 *emical or biological weapons2 7,d7 :ole plants = *emical weapons precursors2 & 7,e7 =eign m>itime nucle> projects t w\ld pose a risk to ! national security or =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7e7 ,additional prohibitions ,! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce may in=m ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons1 ei!r individually by specific notice or ?r\gh am5dm5t to any regulation or ord] issu$ "u ?is title1 t a lic5se f ! ,bureau ( ,indu/ry & ,security ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce is requir$ to engage 9 any activity if ! activity involves ! types ( movem5t1 s]vice1 or support describ$ 9 subsection 7d74 ,! abs5ce ( any su* notification does n excuse ! ,unit$ ,/ates p]son f compliance ) ! lic5se requirem5ts ( subsection 7d71 or any regulation or ord] issu$ "u ?is title4 7f7 ,lic5se review /&>ds ,! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce %all d5y an application to engage 9 any activity t involves ! types ( movem5t1 s]vice1 or support describ$ 9 subsection 7d7 if ! activity w\ld make a mat]ial contribution to any ( ! items describ$ 9 subsection 7d77#b74 #aje4 ,adm9i/ration ( export controls 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all delegate to ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate &1 z appropriate1 ! ,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce & ! heads ( o!r appropriate ,f$]al dep>tm5ts & ag5cies1 ! au?ority to c>ry out ! purposes set =? 9 subsection 7b74 7b7 ,purposes 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! purpose ( ! delegations ( au?ority pursuant to subsection 7a7 are-- 7,a7 to advise ! ,presid5t ) respect to-- 7i7 id5tify+ specific ?reats to ! national security & =eign policy t ! au?ority ( ?is title may be us$ to address2 & 7ii7 ex]cis+ ! au?ority "u ?is title to implem5t policies1 regulations1 proc$ures1 & actions t are necess>y to effectively c\nt]act ^? ?reats2 7,b7 to review & approve-- 7i7 crit]ia = includ+ items on1 & remov+ su* an item f1 a li/ ( controll$ items e/abli%$ "u ?is title2 7ii7 an int]ag5cy proc$ure = compil+ & am5d+ any li/ describ$ 9 clause 7i72 7iii7 crit]ia = includ+ a p]son on a li/ ( p]sons to :om exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( items are prohibit$ or re/rict$ "u ?is title2 7iv7 /&>ds = compliance by p]sons subject to controls "u ?is title2 & 7v7 policies & proc$ures = ! end-use monitor+ ( exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( items controll$ "u ?is title2 7,c7 to obta9 indep5d5t evaluations1 includ+ f ,inspectors ,g5]al ( ! relevant dep>tm5ts or ag5cies1 on a p]iodic basis on ! effectiv5ess ( ! implem5tation ( ?is title 9 c>ry+ out ! policy set =? 9 section #ajb2 & 7,d7 to b5efit f ! inh]5t equities1 exp]i5ce1 & capabilities ( ! ,f$]al (ficials describ$ 9 subsection 7a71 includ+-- 7i7 ! views ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ) respect to ! national security implications ( a p>ticul> control or decision2 7ii7 ! views ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ) respect to ! =eign policy implications ( a p>ticul> control or decision2 7iii7 ! views ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy ) respect to ! implications = nucle> prolif]ation ( a p>ticul> control or decision2 & 7iv7 ! views ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce ) respect to ! adm9i/ration ( an effici5t1 coh]5t1 reliable1 en=ceable1 & pr$ictable export control sy/em1 & ! resolution ( compet+ views or policy objectives describ$ 9 section #ajb4 7#b7 ,au?ority to seek in=mation ,! ,f$]al (ficials describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 may1 9 c>ry+ out ! purposes set =? 9 p>agraph 7#a71 seek in=mation & advice f exp]ts :o are n (fic]s or employees ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 7#c7 ,transmittal & implem5tation ( evaluations ,! results ( ! indep5d5t evaluations conduct$ pursuant to p>agraph 7#a77;,d7 %all be transmitt$ to ! ,presid5t & ! ,congress1 9 classifi$ =m if necess>y4 ,subject to ! delegation ( au?ority by ! ,presid5t1 ! ,f$]al (ficials describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 %all det]m9e1 direct1 & ensure t improvem5ts recomm5d$ 9 ! evaluations are implem5t$4 #ajf4 ,control li/s ,! ,presid5t %all1 pursuant to ! delegation ( au?ority 9 section #aje1 ensure t-- 7#a7 a process is e/abli%$ = regul> int]ag5cy review ( ea* li/ e/abli%$ "u section #ajd7;a77#a71 t pursuant to su* review ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce regul>ly updates su* li/s to ensure t new items 7includ+ em]g+ critical te*nologies7 are appropriately controll$1 & t ! level ( control ( items on ! li/s are adju/$ z conditions *ange2 7#b7 in=mation & exp]tise is obta9$ f (fic]s & employees f relevant ,f$]al dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & (fices & p]sons outside ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t :o h te*nical exp]tise1 ) respect to ! *>act]i/ics ( ! items consid]$ = ea* li/ e/abli%$ "u section #ajd7;a77#a7 & ! effect ( controll+ ! items on address+ ! policy set =? 9 section #ajb2 7#c7 ea* li/ e/abli%$ "u section #ajd7;a77#a7 appropriately id5tifies ea* entry t has be5 includ$ by virtue ( ! p>ticipation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a multilat]al regime1 organization1 or gr\p ! purpose ( :i* is consi/5t ) & supports ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ?is title relat+ to ! control ( exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( items2 & 7#d7 ea* li/ e/abli%$ "u section #ajd7;a77#a7 is publi%$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce 9 a =m t facilitates compliance ) x & relat$ requirem5ts1 p>ticul>ly by small- & m$ium-siz$ bus9esses1 & academic in/itutions4 #ajg4 ,lic5s+ 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all1 pursuant to ! delegation ( au?ority 9 section #aje1 e/abli% a proc$ure = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce to lic5se or o!rwise au?orize ! export1 reexport1 & transf] ( items controll$ "u ?is title 9 ord] to c>ry out ! policy set =? 9 section #ajb & ! requirem5ts set =? 9 section #ajc7;b74 ,! proc$ure %all ensure t-- 7#a7 lic5se applications1 o!r reque/s = au?orization1 & relat$ dispute resolution proc$ures are consid]$ & decisions made ) ! p>ticipation ( appropriate dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & (fices t h delegat$ functions "u ?is title2 & 7#b7 lic5s+ decisions are made 9 an exp$iti\s mann]1 ) transp>5cy to applicants on ! /atus ( lic5se & o!r au?orization process+ & ! reason = d5y+ any lic5se or reque/ = au?orization4 7b7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t ! ,presid5t %\ld make be/ ef=ts to ensure t an accurate1 consi/5t1 & timely evaluation & process+ ( lic5ses or o!r reque/s = au?orization to export1 reexport1 or transf] items controll$ "u ?is title is accompli%$ )9 #cj days f ! date ( su* lic5se reque/4 7c7 ,fees ,no fee may be *>g$ 9 connection ) ! submission1 process+1 or consid]ation ( any application = a lic5se or o!r au?orization or o!r reque/ made 9 connection ) any regulation 9 effect "u ! au?ority ( ?is title4 #ajh4 ,compliance assi/ance 7a7 ,sy/em = seek+ assi/ance ,! ,presid5t may e/abli% a sy/em to provide ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons ) assi/ance 9 comply+ ) ?is title1 :i* may include a me*anism = provid+ in=mation1 9 classifi$ =m z appropriate1 :o are pot5tial cu/om]s1 suppli]s1 or bus9ess p>tn]s ) respect to items controll$ "u ?is title1 9 ord] to fur!r ensure ! prev5tion ( ! export1 reexport1 or transf] ( items t may pose a ?reat to ! national security or =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7b7 ,security cle>ances ,9 ord] to c>ry out subsection 7a71 ! ,presid5t may issue appropriate security cle>ances to p]sons describ$ 9 t subsection :o are responsible = comply+ ) ?is title4 7c7 ,assi/ance = c]ta9 bus9esses 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t %all develop & submit to ,congress a plan to assi/ small- & m$ium-siz$ ,unit$ ,/ates 9 export lic5s+ & o!r processes "u ?is title4 7#b7 ,cont5ts ,! plan %all include1 among o!r ?+s1 arrangem5ts = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce to provide c\nsel+ to bus9esses describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 on fil+ applications & id5tify+ items controll$ "u ?is title1 z well z proposals = sem9>s & conf]5ces to educate su* bus9esses on export controls1 lic5s+ proc$ures1 & relat$ obligations4 #aji4 ,requirem5ts to id5tify & control em]g+ critical te*nologies 9 export control regulations 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all1 pursuant to ! delegation ( au?ority 9 section #aje1 e/abli% &1 9 coord9ation ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy1 & o!r dep>tm5ts det]m9$ to be necess>y1 lead a regul>1 ongo+ int]ag5cy process to id5tify em]g+ critical te*nologies t are n id5tifi$ 9 any li/ ( items controll$ = export "u ,unit$ ,/ates law or regulations1 b t none!less c\ld be ess5tial = ma9ta9+ or increas+ ! te*nological advantage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ov] c\ntries t pose a significant ?reat to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) respect to national def5se1 intellig5ce1 or o!r areas ( national security1 or ga9+ su* an advantage ov] su* c\ntries 9 areas :]e su* an advantage may n curr5tly exi/4 7b7 ,requirem5ts ,! int]ag5cy process requir$ "u subsection 7a7 %all-- 7#a7 draw ^u ! exp]tise1 res\rces1 & equities ( all relevant ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ag5cies1 indu/ries1 & academic in/itutions to id5tify & describe su* em]g+ critical te*nologies2 7#b7 require ! relevant export control au?ority to publi% propos$ regulations = public comm5t t w\ld control h]et(ore unli/$ em]g+ critical te*nologies id5tifi$ pursuant to subsection 7a7 & control ! release ( ea* su* te*nology to de/9ations1 end uses1 or end us]s z det]m9$ by ! ,presid5t2 7#c7 require ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se to propose to ! relevant multilat]al export control regimes 9 ! foll[+ ye> t su* em]g+ critical te*nologies be add$ to ! li/ ( te*nologies controll$ by su* regimes2 7#d7 det]m9e :e!r national security conc]ns w>rant cont9u$ unilat]al export controls ov] te*nologies id5tifi$ pursuant to subsection 7a7 if ! relevant multilat]al export control regime does n agree to li/ su* te*nologies on its control li/ )9 ?ree ye>s2 & 7#e7 require ! ag5cies responsible = adm9i/]+ ! export controls id5tifi$ 9 subsection 7a7 to remove or revise1 z appropriate1 exi/+ controls det]m9$ to w>rant removal or revision z a result ( insight or in=mation obta9$ dur+ ef=ts und]tak5 to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is section4 #aaj4 ,p5alties 7a7 ,unlawful acts 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,x %all be unlawful = a p]son to violate1 attempt to violate1 conspire to violate1 or cause a violation ( ?is title or ( any regulation1 ord]1 lic5se1 or o!r au?orization issu$ "u ?is title1 includ+ any ( ! unlawful acts describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b74 7#b7 ,specific unlawful acts ,! unlawful acts describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph are ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,no p]son may engage 9 any conduct prohibit$ by or contr>y to1 or refra9 f engag+ 9 any conduct requir$ by ?is title1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7,b7 ,no p]son may cause or aid1 abet1 c\nsel1 comm&1 induce1 procure1 or approve ! do+ ( any act prohibit$1 or ! omission ( any act requir$ by ?is title1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7,c7 ,no p]son may solicit or attempt a violation ( ?is ,act1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7,d7 ,no p]son may conspire or act 9 conc]t ) "o or m o!r p]sons 9 any mann] or = any purpose to br+ ab\t or to d any act t con/itutes a violation ( ?is title1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7,e7 ,no p]son may ord]1 buy1 remove1 conceal1 /ore1 use1 sell1 loan1 dispose (1 transf]1 transport1 f9ance1 =w>d1 or o!rwise s]vice1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 any item export$ or to be export$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t is o!rwise subject to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 ) k t a violation ( ?is title1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se or au?orization issu$ !reund]1 has occurr$1 is ab\t to occur1 or is int5d$ to occur 9 connection ) ! item unless valid au?orization is obta9$ !re=4 7,f7 ,no p]son may make any false or mislead+ repres5tation1 /atem5t1 or c]tification1 or falsify or conceal any mat]ial fact1 ei!r directly to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 or an (ficial ( any o!r ,unit$ ,/ates ag5cy1 or indirectly ?r\gh any o!r p]son-- 7i7 9 ! c\rse ( an inve/igation or o!r action subject to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations2 7ii7 9 connection ) ! prep>ation1 submission1 issuance1 use1 or ma9t5ance ( any export control docum5t or any report fil$ or requir$ to be fil$ pursuant to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations2 or 7iii7 = ! purpose ( or 9 connection ) effect+ any export1 reexport1 or transf] ( an item subject to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations or a s]vice or o!r activity ( a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son describ$ 9 section #ajd4 7,g7 ,no p]son may engage 9 any transaction or take any o!r action ) int5t to evade ! provisions ( ?is title1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se1 or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7,h7 ,no p]son may fail or refuse to comply ) any report+ or recordkeep+ requirem5ts ( ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations or ( any ord]1 lic5se1 or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7,i7 ,except z specifically au?oriz$ 9 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations or 9 writ+ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 no p]son may alt] any lic5se1 au?orization1 export control docum5t1 or ord] issu$ "u ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations4 7,j7 ,no p]son may take any action t is prohibit$ by a d5ial ord] issu$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce to prev5t imm95t violations ( ?is title1 ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or any ord]1 lic5se or au?orization issu$ !reund]4 7#c7 ,additional requirem5ts ,= purposes ( subp>agraph 7,g71 any repres5tation1 /atem5t1 or c]tification made by any p]son %all be deem$ to be cont9u+ 9 effect4 ,ea* p]son :o has made a repres5tation1 /atem5t1 or c]tification to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce relat+ to any ord]1 lic5se1 or o!r au?orization issu$ "u ?is title %all notify ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 9 writ+1 ( any *ange ( any mat]ial fact or int5tion f t previ\sly repres5t$1 /at$1 or c]tifi$1 imm$iately ^u receipt ( any in=mation t w\ld lead a reasonably prud5t p]son to "k t a *ange ( mat]ial fact or int5tion _h occurr$ or may occur 9 ! future4 7b7 ,crim9al p5alty 7#a7 ,kn[+ violations ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 a p]son :o kn[+ly violates or conspires or attempts to violate subsection 7a7 %all be f9$ n m ?an #e times ! am\nt or value ( ! exports1 reexports1 or transf]s involv$1 or #ejj1jjj1 :i*ev] is great]1 &1 9 ! case ( an individual1 imprison$ n m ?an #e ye>s1 or bo?4 7#b7 ,willful violations ,a p]son :o willfully violates or conspires to or attempts to violate any provision ( subsection 7a7 %all be f9$ n m ?an #e times ! am\nt or value ( ! exports1 reexports1 or transf]s involv$1 or #a1jjj1jjj1 :i*ev] is great]1 &1 9 ! case ( an individual1 %all be f9$ n m ?an #bej1jjj1 or imprison$ n m ?an #aj ye>s1 or bo?4 7c7 ,civil p5alties 7#a7 ,au?ority ,! ,presid5t may impose ! foll[+ civil p5alties on a p]son = ea* violation by t p]son ( ?is title or any regulation1 ord]1 or lic5se issu$ "u ?is title1 = ea* violation3 7,a7 ,a f9e ( n m ?an #bej1jjj or an am\nt t is twice ! value ( ! transaction t is ! basis ( ! violation ) respect to :i* ! p5alty is impos$1 :i*ev] is great]4 7,b7 ,revocation ( a lic5se issu$ "u ?is title to ! p]son4 7,c7 ,a prohibition on ! p]son's ability to export1 reexport1 or transf] any items1 :e!r or n subject to controls "u ?is title4 7#b7 ,proc$ures ,any civil p5alty "u ?is subsection may be impos$ only aft] notice & opportunity = an ag5cy he>+ on ! record 9 accordance ) sections #eed ?r\gh #eeg ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7#c7 ,/&>ds = levels ( civil p5alty ,! ,presid5t may by regulation provide /&>ds = e/abli%+ levels ( civil p5alty "u ?is subsection bas$ ^u factors su* z ! s]i\sness ( ! violation1 ! culpability ( ! violator1 & su* mitigat+ factors z ! violator's record ( coop]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t 9 disclos+ ! violation4 7d7 ,crim9al =feiture ( prop]ty int]e/ & proce$s 7#a7 ,=feiture ,any p]son :o is convict$ "u subsection 7b7 ( a violation ( a control impos$ "u section #ajc 7or any regulation1 ord]1 or lic5se issu$ ) respect to su* control7 %all1 9 addition to any o!r p5alty1 =feit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7,a7 any ( t p]son's int]e/ 91 security (1 claim aga9/1 or prop]ty or contractual rights ( any k9d 9 ! tangible items t 7 ! subject ( ! violation2 7,b7 any ( t p]son's int]e/ 91 security (1 claim aga9/1 or prop]ty or contractual rights ( any k9d 9 tangible prop]ty t 0 us$ 9 ! violation2 & 7,c7 any ( t p]son's prop]ty con/itut+1 or d]iv$ f1 any proce$s obta9$ directly or indirectly z a result ( ! violation4 7#b7 ,proc$ures ,! proc$ures 9 any =feiture "u ?is subsection1 & ! duties & au?ority ( ! c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,attorney ,g5]al ) respect to any =feiture action "u ?is subsection or ) respect to any prop]ty t may be subject to =feiture "u ?is subsection1 %all be gov]n$ by ! provisions ( section #aifc ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7e7 ,prior convictions 7#a7 ,lic5se b> 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t may-- 7i7 d5y ! eligibility ( any p]son convict$ ( a crim9al violation describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 to export1 reexport1 or transf] outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates any item1 :e!r or n subject to controls "u ?is title1 = a p]iod ( up to #aj ye>s beg9n+ on ! date ( ! conviction2 & 7ii7 revoke any lic5se or o!r au?orization to export1 reexport1 or transf] items t 0 issu$ "u ?is title & 9 :i* su* p]son has an int]e/ at ! "t ( ! conviction4 7,b7 ,violations ,! violations ref]r$ to 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 are any crim9al violations (1 or crim9al attempt or conspiracy to violate-- 7i7 ?is title 7or any regulation1 lic5se1 or ord] issu$ "u ?is title72 7ii7 any regulation1 lic5se1 or ord] issu$ "u ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act2 7iii7 section #gic1 #gid1 or #gih ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 7iv7 section #d7;b7 ( ! ,int]nal ,security ,act ( #aiej 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ghc7;b772 or 7v7 section #ch ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bggh74 7#b7 ,application to o!r p>ties ,! ,presid5t may ex]cise ! au?ority "u p>agraph 7#a7 ) respect to any p]son relat$1 ?r\gh affiliation1 own]%ip1 control1 or position ( responsibility1 to any p]son convict$ ( any violation ( law set =? 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ^u a %[+ ( su* relation%ip ) ! convict$ p>ty1 & subject to ! proc$ures set =? 9 subsection 7c77#b74 7f7 ,o!r au?orities ,no?+ 9 subsection 7c71 7d71 or 7e7 limits-- 7#a7 ! availability ( o!r adm9i/rative or judicial rem$ies ) respect to violations ( ?is title1 or any regulation1 ord]1 lic5se or o!r au?orization issu$ "u ?is title2 7#b7 ! au?ority to compromise & settle adm9i/rative proce$+s br\ght ) respect to violations ( ?is title1 or any regulation1 ord]1 lic5se1 or o!r au?orization issu$ "u ?is title2 or 7#c7 ! au?ority to compromise1 remit or mitigate seizures & =feitures pursuant to section #a7;b7 ( title ,,vi ( ! ,act ( ,june #ae1 #aiag 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #dja7;b774 #aaa4 ,en=cem5t 7a7 ,au?orities ,9 ord] to en=ce ?is title1 ! ,presid5t may-- 7#a7 issue regulations1 ord]s1 & guidel9es2 7#b7 require1 inspect1 & obta9 books1 records1 & any o!r in=mation f any p]son subject to ! provisions ( ?is title2 7#c7 adm9i/] oa?s or affirmations & by subpo5a require any p]son to appe> & te/ify or to appe> & produce books1 records1 & o!r writ+s1 or bo?2 7#d7 conduct inve/igations 7includ+ und]cov]7 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 o!r c\ntries1 includ+ int]cept+ any wire1 oral1 & electronic communications1 conduct+ electronic surveillance1 us+ p5 regi/]s & trap & trace devices1 & c>ry+ out acquisitions1 to ! ext5t au?oriz$ "u *apt]s #aai1 #aba1 & #bjf ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & o!r applicable laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#e7 inspect1 se>*1 deta91 seize1 or issue tempor>y d5ial ord]s ) respect to items1 9 any =m1 t are subject to controls "u ?is title1 or conveyances on :i* x is believ$ t !re are items t h be51 are be+1 or are ab\t to be export$1 reexport$1 or transf]r$ 9 violation ( ?is title1 or any regulations1 ord]1 lic5se1 or o!r au?orization issu$ !reund]2 7#f7 conduct prelic5se inspections & po/-%ipm5t v]ifications2 & 7#g7 execute w>rants & make arre/s4 7b7 ,en=cem5t ( subpo5as ,9 ! case ( contumacy by1 or refusal to obey a subpo5a issu$ to1 any p]son "u subsection 7a77#c71 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aft] notice to su* p]son & a he>+1 %all h jurisdiction to issue an ord] requir+ su* p]son to appe> & give te/imony or to appe> & produce books1 records1 & o!r writ+s1 reg>dless ( =mat1 t are ! subject ( ! subpo5a4 ,any failure to obey su* ord] ( ! c\rt may be puni%$ by su* c\rt z a contempt !re(4 7c7 ,be/ practice guidel9es 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce & o!r ,f$]al (ficials describ$ 9 section #aje7;a71 %\ld publi% & update be/ practices guidel9es to assi/ p]sons 9 develop+ & implem5t+1 on a volunt>y basis1 effective export control programs 9 compliance ) ! regulations issu$ "u ?is title4 7#b7 ,export compliance program ,! implem5tation by a p]son ( an effective export compliance program & a high quality ov]all export compliance ef=t by a p]son %\ld ord9>ily be giv5 weight z mitigat+ factors 9 a civil p5alty action aga9/ ! p]son "u ?is title4 7d7 ,ref]5ce to en=cem5t ,= purposes ( ?is section1 a ref]5ce to ! en=cem5t (1 or a violation (1 ?is title includes a ref]5ce to ! en=cem5t or a violation ( any regulation1 ord]1 lic5se or o!r au?orization issu$ pursuant to ?is title4 7e7 ,immunity ,a p]son %all n be excus$ f comply+ ) any requirem5ts "u ?is section because ( ! p]son's privilege aga9/ self-incrim9ation1 b ! immunity provisions ( section #fjjb ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all apply ) respect to any individual :o specifically claims su* privilege4 7f7 ,confid5tiality ( in=mation 7#a7 ,exemptions f disclosure 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,in=mation obta9$ "u ?is title may be )held f disclosure only to ! ext5t p]mitt$ by /atute1 except t in=mation describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 %all be )held f public disclosure & %all n be subject to disclosure "u section #eeb7;b77#c7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 unless ! release ( su* in=mation is det]m9$ by ! ,presid5t to be 9 ! national int]e/4 7,b7 ,in=mation describ$ ,in=mation describ$ 9 ?is subp>agraph is in=mation submitt$ or obta9$ 9 connection ) an application = a lic5se or o!r au?orization to export1 reexport1 or transf] items1 engage 9 o!r activities1 a recordkeep+ or report+ requirem5t1 en=cem5t activity1 or o!r op]ations "u ?is title1 includ+-- 7i7 ! lic5se application1 lic5se1 or o!r au?orization itself2 7ii7 classification or advisory op9ion reque/s1 & ! response !reto2 7iii7 lic5se det]m9ations1 & in=mation p]ta9+ !reto2 7iv7 in=mation or evid5ce obta9$ 9 ! c\rse ( any inve/igation2 & 7v7 in=mation obta9$ or furni%$ 9 connection ) any int]national agreem5t1 treaty1 or o!r obligation4 7#b7 ,in=mation to ! ,congress & ,,gao 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ z au?oriz+ ! )hold+ ( in=mation f ! ,congress or f ! ,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability ,(fice4 7,b7 ,availability to ! ,congress 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,any in=mation obta9$ at any "t "u any provision ( ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant to ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act71 "u ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 or "u ?is title1 includ+ any report or lic5se application requir$ "u any su* provision1 %all be made available to a committee or subcommittee ( ,congress ( appropriate jurisdiction1 ^u ! reque/ ( ! *airman or rank+ m9ority memb] ( su* committee or subcommittee4 7ii7 ,prohibition on fur!r disclosure ,no su* committee or subcommittee1 or memb] !re(1 may disclose any in=mation made available "u clause 7i71 t is submitt$ on a confid5tial basis unless ! full committee det]m9es t ! )hold+ ( t in=mation is contr>y to ! national int]e/4 7,c7 ,availability to ,,gao 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,in=mation describ$ 9 clause 7i7 ( subp>agraph 7,b7 %all be subject to ! limitations conta9$ 9 section #gaf ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7ii7 ,prohibition on fur!r disclosure ,an (fic] or employee ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability ,(fice may n disclose1 except to ! ,congress 9 accordance ) ?is p>agraph1 any su* in=mation t is submitt$ on a confid5tial basis or f :i* any individual c be id5tifi$4 7#c7 ,in=mation %>+ 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,any ,f$]al (ficial describ$ 9 section #aje7;a7 :o obta9s in=mation t is relevant to ! en=cem5t ( ?is title1 includ+ in=mation p]ta9+ to any inve/igation1 %all furni% su* in=mation to ea* appropriate dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 or (fice ) en=cem5t responsibilities "u ?is section to ! ext5t consi/5t ) ! protection ( intellig5ce1 c\nt]9tellig5ce1 & law en=cem5t s\rces1 me?ods1 & activities4 7,b7 ,exceptions ,! provisions ( ?is p>agraph %all n apply to in=mation subject to ! re/rictions set =? 9 section #i ( title #ac1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & return in=mation1 z def9$ 9 subsection 7b7 ( section #fajc ( ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf 7#bf ,u4,s4,c4 #fajc7;b771 may be disclos$ only z au?oriz$ by t section4 7,c7 ,ex*ange ( in=mation ,! ,presid5t %all ensure t ! heads ( dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & (fices ) en=cem5t au?orities "u ?is title1 consi/5t ) protection ( law en=cem5t & its s\rces & me?ods-- 7i7 ex*ange any lic5s+ & en=cem5t in=mation ) "o ano!r t is necess>y to facilitate en=cem5t ef=ts "u ?is section2 & 7ii7 consult on a regul> basis ) "o ano!r & ) ! head ( o!r dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & (fices t obta9 in=mation subject to ?is p>agraph1 9 ord] to facilitate ! ex*ange ( su* in=mation4 7,d7 ,in=mation %>+ ) ,f$]al ag5cies ,lic5s+ or en=cem5t in=mation obta9$ "u ?is title may be %>$ ) heads ( dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & (fices t d n h en=cem5t au?orities "u ?is title on a case-by-case basis at ! discretion ( ! ,presid5t4 ,su* in=mation may be %>$ only :5 ! ,presid5t makes a det]m9ation t ! %>+ ( ?is in=mation is 9 ! national int]e/4 7g7 ,report+ requirem5ts ,9 ! adm9i/ration ( ?is section1 report+ requirem5ts %all be design$ s z to r$uce ! co/ ( report+1 recordkeep+1 & docum5tation to ! ext5t consi/5t ) effective en=cem5t & compilation ( useful trade /ati/ics4 ,report+1 recordkeep+1 & docum5tation requirem5ts %all be p]iodically review$ & revis$ 9 ! light ( developm5ts 9 ! field ( in=mation te*nology4 7h7 ,civil =feiture 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any tangible items seiz$ "u subsection 7a7 by designat$ (fic]s or employees %all be subject to =feiture to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 accordance ) applicable law1 except t prop]ty seiz$ %all be return$ if ! prop]ty own] is n f\nd guilty ( a civil or crim9al violation "u section #aji4 7#b7 ,proc$ures ,any seizure or =feiture "u ?is subsection %all be c>ri$ out 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures set =? 9 section #iha ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 #aab4 ,adm9i/rative proc$ure 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! functions ex]cis$ "u ?is title %all be subject to sections #eea1 #eec ?r\gh #eei1 & #gja ?r\gh #gjf ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7b7 ,am5dm5ts to regulations ,! ,presid5t %all notify 9 advance ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( any propos$ am5dm5ts to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations ) an explanation ( ! int5t & rationale ( su* am5dm5ts4 #aac4 ,annual report to ,congress 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all submit to ,congress1 by ,decemb] #ca ( ea* ye>1 a report on ! implem5tation ( ?is title dur+ ! prec$+ fiscal ye>4 ,! report %all include an analysis (-- 7#a7 ! effect ( controls impos$ "u ?is title on exports1 reexports1 & transf]s ( items 9 address+ ?reats to ! national security or =eign policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ a description ( lic5s+ process+ times2 7#b7 ! impact ( su* controls on ! sci5tific & te*nological lead]%ip ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#c7 ! consi/5cy ) su* controls ( export controls impos$ by o!r c\ntries2 7#d7 ef=ts to provide export]s ) compliance assi/ance1 includ+ specific actions to assi/ small- & m$ium-siz$ bus9esses2 7#e7 a summ>y ( regulatory *anges f ! prior fiscal ye>2 7#f7 a summ>y ( export en=cem5t actions1 includ+ ( actions tak5 to implem5t end-use monitor+ ( dual-use1 milit>y1 & o!r items subject to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations2 7#g7 a summ>y ( approv$ lic5se applications to proscrib$ p]sons2 & 7#h7 ef=ts und]tak5 )9 ! previ\s ye> to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( section #aji1 includ+ any critical te*nologies id5tifi$ "u su* section & h[ or :e!r su* critical te*nologies 7 controll$ = export4 7b7 ,=m ,! report requir$ "u subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 b may conta9 a classifi$ annex4 #aad4 ,repeal 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 ,app4 #bdja et seq47 7z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant to ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act7 is repeal$4 7b7 ,implem5tation ,! ,presid5t %all implem5t ! am5dm5t made by subsection 7a7 by ex]cis+ ! au?orities ( ! ,presid5t "u ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq474 #aae4 ,effect on o!r ,acts 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is title1 no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is title %all be con/ru$ to modify1 repeal1 sup]s$e1 or o!rwise affect ! provisions ( any o!r laws au?oriz+ control ov] exports1 reexports1 or transf]s ( any item1 or activities ( ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons subject to ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations4 7b7 ,coord9ation ( controls 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! au?ority grant$ to ! ,presid5t "u ?is title %all be ex]cis$ 9 su* mann] s z to a*ieve effective coord9ation ) all export control & sanctions au?orities ex]cis$ by ,f$]al dep>tm5ts & ag5cies delegat$ ) au?ority "u ?is title1 p>ticul>ly ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy4 7#b7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t 9 ord] to a*ieve effective coord9ation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 su* ,f$]al dep>tm5ts & ag5cies-- 7,a7 %\ld cont9u\sly "w to create en=ceable regulations ) respect to ! export1 reexport1 & transf] by ,unit$ ,/ates & =eign p]sons ( commodities1 s(tw>e1 te*nology1 & s]vices to v>i\s end uses & end us]s = =eign policy & national security reasons2 7,b7 %\ld regul>ly "w to r$uce complexity 9 ! sy/em1 includ+ complexity caus$ m]ely by ! exi/5ce ( /ructural1 def9itional1 & o!r non-policy bas$ diff]5ces betwe5 & among diff]5t export control & sanctions sy/ems2 & 7,c7 %\ld coord9ate controls on items export$1 reexport$1 or transf]r$ 9 connection ) a =eign milit>y sale "u *apt] #b ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act or a comm]cial sale "u section #ch ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act to r$uce z mu* unnecess>y adm9i/rative burd5 z possible t is a result ( diff]5ces betwe5 ! ex]cise ( ^? two au?orities4 7c7 ,nonprolif]ation controls ,no?+ 9 ?is title %all be con/ru$ to sup]s$e ! proc$ures publi%$ by ! ,presid5t pursuant to section #cji7;c7 ( ! ,nucle> ,non-,prolif]ation ,act ( #aigh4 #aaf4 ,transition provisions 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,all delegations1 rules1 regulations1 ord]s1 det]m9ations1 lic5ses1 or o!r =ms ( adm9i/rative action t h be5 made1 issu$1 conduct$1 or all[$ to become effective "u ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant to ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act71 or ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations1 & are 9 effect z ( ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 %all cont9ue 9 effect accord+ to _! t]ms until modifi$1 sup]s$$1 set aside1 or revok$ "u ! au?ority ( ?is title4 7b7 ,adm9i/rative & judicial proce$+s ,?is title %all n affect any adm9i/rative or judicial proce$+s comm5c$1 or any applications = lic5ses made1 "u ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant to ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act71 or ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,regulations4 7c7 ,c]ta9 det]m9ations & ref]5ces 7#a7 ,/ate sponsors ( t]rorism ,any det]m9ation t 0 made "u section #f7;j7 ( ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant to ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act7 %all cont9ue 9 effect z if ! det]m9ation _h be5 made "u section #ajd7;c7 ( ?is ,act4 7#b7 ,ref]5ce ,any ref]5ce 9 any o!r provision ( law to a c\ntry ! gov]nm5t ( :i* ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate has det]m9$1 = purposes ( section #f7;j7 ( ! ,export ,adm9i/ration ,act ( #aigi 7z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & z cont9u$ 9 effect pursuant to ! ,int]national ,em]g5cy ,economic ,p[]s ,act71 is a gov]nm5t t has repeat$ly provid$ support = acts ( int]national t]rorism %all be deem$ to ref] to a c\ntry ! gov]nm5t ( :i* ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate has det]m9$1 = purposes ( section #ajd7;c7 ( ?is ,act1 is a gov]nm5t t has repeat$ly provid$ support = acts ( int]national t]rorism4 ,,ii ,anti-,boycott ,act ( #bjah #bja4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,anti-,boycott ,act ( #bjah4 #bjb4 ,/atem5t ( policy ,congress decl>es x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7#a7 to oppose re/rictive trade practices or boycotts fo/]$ or impos$ by any =eign c\ntry1 or reque/s to impose re/rictive trade practices or boycotts by any =eign c\ntry1 aga9/ o!r c\ntries fri5dly to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or aga9/ any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son2 7#b7 to enc\rage &1 9 specifi$ cases1 require ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons engag$ 9 ! export ( goods or te*nology or o!r in=mation to refuse to take actions1 includ+ furni%+ in=mation or ent]+ into or implem5t+ agreem5ts1 :i* h ! effect ( fur!r+ or support+ ! re/rictive trade practices or boycotts fo/]$ or impos$ by any =eign c\ntry1 or reque/s to impose re/rictive trade practices or boycotts by any =eign c\ntry aga9/ a c\ntry fri5dly to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or aga9/ any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son2 & 7#c7 to fo/] int]national coop]ation & ! developm5t ( int]national rules & in/itutions to assure reasonable access to _w supplies4 #bjc4 ,=eign boycotts 7a7 ,prohibitions & exceptions 7#a7 ,prohibitions ,= ! purpose ( implem5t+ ! policies set =? 9 section #bjb1 ! ,presid5t %all issue regulations prohibit+ any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son1 ) respect to t p]son's activities 9 ! int]/ate or =eign comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f tak+ or kn[+ly agree+ to take any ( ! foll[+ actions ) int5t to comply )1 fur!r1 or support any boycott fo/]$ or impos$ by any =eign c\ntry1 or reque/ to impose any boycott by any =eign c\ntry1 aga9/ a c\ntry :i* is fri5dly to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & :i* is n itself ! object ( any =m ( boycott pursuant to ,unit$ ,/ates law or regulation3 7,a7 ,refus+1 or requir+ any o!r p]son to refuse1 to d bus9ess ) or 9 ! boycott$ c\ntry1 ) any bus9ess conc]n organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 ) any national or resid5t ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 or ) any o!r p]son1 pursuant to an agreem5t )1 a requirem5t (1 or a reque/ f or on behalf ( ! boycott+ c\ntry4 ,! m]e abs5ce ( a bus9ess relation%ip ) or 9 ! boycott$ c\ntry ) any bus9ess conc]n organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 ) any national or resid5t ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 or ) any o!r p]son1 does n indicate ! exi/5ce ( ! int5t requir$ to e/abli% a violation ( regulations issu$ to c>ry out ?is subp>agraph4 7,b7 ,refus+1 or requir+ any o!r p]son to refuse1 to employ or o!rwise discrim9at+ aga9/ any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son on ! basis ( race1 religion1 sex1 or national orig9 ( t p]son or ( any own]1 (fic]1 director1 or employee ( su* p]son4 7,c7 ,furni%+ in=mation ) respect to ! race1 religion1 sex1 or national orig9 ( any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son or ( any own]1 (fic]1 director1 or employee ( su* p]son4 7,d7 ,furni%+ in=mation1 or reque/+ ! furni%+ ( in=mation1 ab\t :e!r any p]son has1 has _h1 or proposes to h any bus9ess relation%ip 7includ+ a relation%ip by way ( sale1 pur*ase1 legal or comm]cial repres5tation1 %ipp+ or o!r transport1 insurance1 inve/m5t1 or supply7 ) or 9 ! boycott$ c\ntry1 ) any bus9ess conc]n organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 ) any national or resid5t ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 or ) any o!r p]son :i* is kn[n or believ$ to be re/rict$ f hav+ any bus9ess relation%ip ) or 9 ! boycott+ c\ntry4 ,no?+ 9 ?is subp>agraph %all prohibit ! furni%+ ( normal bus9ess in=mation 9 a comm]cial context z def9$ by ! ,secret>y4 7,e7 ,furni%+ in=mation ab\t :e!r any p]son is a memb] (1 has made contributions to1 or is o!rwise associat$ ) or involv$ 9 ! activities ( any *>itable or frat]nal organization :i* supports ! boycott$ c\ntry4 7,f7 ,pay+1 honor+1 confirm+1 or o!rwise implem5t+ a lett] ( cr$it :i* conta9s any condition or requirem5t compliance ) :i* is prohibit$ by regulations issu$ pursuant to ?is p>agraph1 & no ,unit$ ,/ates p]son %all1 z a result ( ! application ( ?is p>agraph1 be obligat$ to pay or o!rwise honor or implem5t su* lett] ( cr$it4 7#b7 ,exceptions ,regulations issu$ pursuant to p>agraph 7#a7 %all provide exceptions =-- 7,a7 comply+ or agree+ to comply ) requirem5ts-- 7i7 prohibit+ ! import ( goods or s]vices f ! boycott$ c\ntry or goods produc$ or s]vices provid$ by any bus9ess conc]n organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! boycott$ c\ntry or by nationals or resid5ts ( ! boycott$ c\ntry2 or 7ii7 prohibit+ ! %ipm5t ( goods to ! boycott+ c\ntry on a c>ri] ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 or by a r\te o!r ?an t prescrib$ by ! boycott+ c\ntry or ! recipi5t ( ! %ipm5t2 7,b7 comply+ or agree+ to comply ) import & %ipp+ docum5t requirem5ts ) respect to ! c\ntry ( orig91 ! "n ( ! c>ri] & r\te ( %ipm5t1 ! "n ( ! suppli] ( ! %ipm5t or ! "n ( ! provid] ( o!r s]vices1 except t no in=mation kn[+ly furni%$ or convey$ 9 response to su* requirem5ts may be /at$ 9 negative1 blackli/+1 or simil> exclusion>y t]ms1 o!r ?an ) respect to c>ri]s or r\te ( %ipm5t z may be p]mitt$ by su* regulations 9 ord] to comply ) precaution>y requirem5ts protect+ aga9/ w> risks & confiscation2 7,c7 comply+ or agree+ to comply 9 ! normal c\rse ( bus9ess ) ! unilat]al & specific selection by a boycott+ c\ntry1 or national or resid5t !re(1 ( c>ri]s1 insur]s1 suppli]s ( s]vices to be p]=m$ )9 ! boycott+ c\ntry or specific goods :i*1 9 ! normal c\rse ( bus9ess1 are id5tifiable by s\rce :5 import$ into ! boycott+ c\ntry2 7,d7 comply+ or agree+ to comply ) export requirem5ts ( ! boycott+ c\ntry relat+ to %ipm5ts or trans%ipm5ts ( exports to ! boycott$ c\ntry1 to any bus9ess conc]n ( or organiz$ "u ! laws ( ! boycott$ c\ntry1 or to any national or resid5t ( ! boycott$ c\ntry2 7,e7 compliance by an individual or agreem5t by an individual to comply ) ! immigration or passport requirem5ts ( any c\ntry ) respect to su* individual or any memb] ( su* individual's family or ) reque/s = in=mation reg>d+ requirem5ts ( employm5t ( su* individual )9 ! boycott+ c\ntry2 & 7,f7 compliance by a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son resid5t 9 a =eign c\ntry or agreem5t by su* p]son to comply ) ! laws ( t c\ntry ) respect to 8 activities exclusively !re91 & su* regulations may conta9 exceptions = su* resid5t comply+ ) ! laws or regulations ( t =eign c\ntry gov]n+ imports into su* c\ntry ( tradem>k$1 trade nam$1 or simil>ly specifically id5tifiable products1 or compon5ts ( products = 8 own use1 includ+ ! p]=mance ( contractual s]vices )9 t c\ntry1 z may be def9$ by su* regulations4 7#c7 ,special rules ,regulations issu$ pursuant to p>agraphs 7#b77;,c7 & 7#b77;,f7 %all n provide exceptions f p>agraphs 7#a77;,b7 & 7#a77;,c74 7#d7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection may be con/ru$ to sup]s$e or limit ! op]ation ( ! antitru/ or civil rights laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#e7 ,application ,?is section %all apply to any transaction or activity und]tak51 by or ?r\gh a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son or any o!r p]son1 ) int5t to evade ! provisions ( ?is section z implem5t$ by ! regulations issu$ pursuant to ?is subsection1 & su* regulations %all expressly provide t ! exceptions set =? 9 p>agraph 7#b7 %all n p]mit activities or agreem5ts 7express$ or impli$ by a c\rse ( conduct1 includ+ a patt]n ( responses7 o!rwise prohibit$1 :i* are n )9 ! int5t ( su* exceptions4 7b7 ,=eign policy controls 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 addition to ! regulations issu$ pursuant to subsection 7a71 regulations issu$ "u title ,i ( ?is ,act to c>ry out ! policies set =? 9 section #ajb7a77;,d7 %all implem5t ! policies set =? 9 ?is section4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,su* regulations %all require t any ,unit$ ,/ates p]son receiv+ a reque/ = ! furni%+ ( in=mation1 ! ent]+ into or implem5t+ ( agreem5ts1 or ! tak+ ( any o!r action ref]r$ to 9 subsection 7a7 %all report t fact to ! ,secret>y1 toge!r ) su* o!r in=mation conc]n+ su* reque/ z ! ,secret>y may require = su* action z ! ,secret>y consid]s appropriate = c>ry+ out ! policies ( t section4 ,su* p]son %all also report to ! ,secret>y :e!r su* p]son int5ds to comply & :e!r su* p]son has compli$ ) su* reque/4 ,any report fil$ pursuant to ?is p>agraph %all be made available promptly = public inspection & copy+1 except t in=mation reg>d+ ! quantity1 description1 & value ( any goods or te*nology to :i* su* report relates may be kept confid5tial if ! ,secret>y det]m9es t disclosure !re( w\ld place ! ,unit$ ,/ates p]son involv$ at a competitive disadvantage4 ,! ,secret>y %all p]iodically transmit summ>ies ( ! in=mation conta9$ 9 su* reports to ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = su* action z ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y1 consid]s appropriate = c>ry+ out ! policies set =? 9 section #bjb4 7c7 ,preemption ,! provisions ( ?is section & ! regulations issu$ pursuant !reto %all preempt any law1 rule1 or regulation ( any ( ! sev]al ,/ates or ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or any ( ! t]ritories or possessions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any gov]nm5tal subdivision !re(1 :i* law1 rule1 or regulation p]ta9s to p>ticipation 91 compliance )1 implem5tation (1 or ! furni%+ ( in=mation reg>d+ re/rictive trade practices or boycotts fo/]$ or impos$ by =eign c\ntries1 or reque/s to impose re/rictive trade practices or boycotts by any =eign c\ntry1 aga9/ o!r c\ntries fri5dly to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #bjd4 ,en=cem5t 7a7 ,civil p5alties ,! ,presid5t may impose ! foll[+ civil p5alties on a p]son :o violates section #bjc or any regulation issu$ "u ?is title3 7#a7 ,a f9e ( n m ?an #bej1jjj or an am\nt t is twice ! am\nt ( ! transaction t is ! basis ( ! violation ) respect to :i* ! p5alty is impos$4 7#b7 ,revocation ( a lic5se issu$ "u title ,i to ! p]son4 7#c7 ,a prohibition on ! p]son's ability to export1 reexport1 or transf] any items1 :e!r or n subject to controls "u ?is title4 7b7 ,proc$ures ,any civil p5alty "u ?is section may be impos$ only aft] notice & opportunity = an ag5cy he>+ on ! record 9 accordance ) sections #eed ?r\gh #eeg ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & %all be subject to judicial review 9 accordance ) *apt] #g ( su* title4 7c7 ,/&>ds = levels ( civil p5alty ,! ,presid5t may by regulation provide /&>ds = e/abli%+ levels ( civil p5alty "u ?is section bas$ ^u factors su* z ! s]i\sness ( ! violation1 ! culpability ( ! violator1 & ! violator's record ( coop]ation ) ! ,gov]nm5t 9 disclos+ ! violation4 ,,iii ,sanctions ,reg>d+ ,missile ,prolif]ation & ,*emical & ,biological ,weapons ,prolif]ation #cja4 ,missile prolif]ation control violations 7a7 ,violations by ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons 7#a7 ,sanctions 7,a7 ,sanctionable activity ,! ,presid5t %all impose ! applicable sanctions describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son kn[+ly-- 7i7 exports1 reexports1 or transf]s ( any item on ! ,,mtcr ,annex1 9 violation ( ! provisions ( section #ch 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bggh7 or *apt] #g ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act1 title ,i ( ?is ,act1 or any regulations or ord]s issu$ "u any su* provisions2 or 7ii7 conspires to or attempts to engage 9 su* export1 reexport1 or transf]4 7,b7 ,sanctions ,! sanctions t apply to a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son "u subp>agraph 7,a7 are ! foll[+3 7i7 ,if ! item on ! ,,mtcr ,annex involv$ 9 ! export1 reexport1 or transf] is missile equipm5t or te*nology )9 category ,,ii ( ! ,,mtcr ,annex1 !n ! ,presid5t %all d5y to su* ,unit$ ,/ates p]son1 = a p]iod ( #b ye>s1 lic5ses = ! transf] ( missile equipm5t or te*nology controll$ "u title ,i4 7ii7 ,if ! item on ! ,,mtcr ,annex involv$ 9 ! export1 reexport1 or transf] is missile equipm5t or te*nology )9 category ,i ( ! ,,mtcr ,annex1 !n ! ,presid5t %all d5y to su* ,unit$ ,/ates p]son1 = a p]iod ( n less ?an #b ye>s1 all lic5ses = items ! transf] ( :i* is controll$ "u title ,i4 7#b7 ,discretion>y sanctions ,9 ! case ( any det]m9ation ref]r$ to 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,presid5t may pursue any o!r appropriate p5alties "u section #aji ( ?is ,act4 7#c7 ,waiv] ,! ,presid5t may waive ! imposition ( sanctions "u p>agraph 7#a7 on a p]son ) respect to a product or s]vice if ! ,presid5t c]tifies to ! ,congress t-- 7,a7 ! product or s]vice is ess5tial to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 su* p]son is a sole s\rce suppli] ( ! product or s]vice1 ! product or s]vice is n available f any alt]native reliable suppli]1 & ! ne$ = ! product or s]vice _c be met 9 a timely mann] by improv$ manufactur+ processes or te*nological developm5ts4 7b7 ,transf]s ( missile equipm5t or te*nology by =eign p]sons 7#a7 ,sanctions 7,a7 ,sanctionable activity ,subject to p>agraphs 7#c7 ?r\gh 7#g71 ! ,presid5t %all impose ! applicable sanctions "u subp>agraph 7,b7 on a =eign p]son if ! ,presid5t-- 7i7 det]m9es t a =eign p]son kn[+ly-- 7,i7 exports1 reexports1 or transf]s any ,,mtcr equipm5t or te*nology t contributes to ! design1 developm5t1 or production ( missiles 9 a c\ntry t is n an ,,mtcr adh]5t & w\ld be1 if x 7 ,unit$ ,/ates-orig9 equipm5t or te*nology1 subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u title ,i2 7,,ii7 conspires to or attempts to engage 9 su* export1 reexport1 or transf]2 or 7,,iii7 facilitates su* export1 reexport1 or transf] by any o!r p]son2 or 7ii7 has made a det]m9ation ) respect to ! =eign p]son "u section #gc7;a7 ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act4 7,b7 ,sanctions ,! sanctions t apply to a =eign p]son "u subp>agraph 7,a7 are ! foll[+3 7i7 ,if ! item involv$ 9 ! export1 reexport1 or transf] is )9 category ,,ii ( ! ,,mtcr ,annex1 !n ! ,presid5t %all d5y1 = a p]iod ( #b ye>s1 lic5ses = ! transf] to su* =eign p]son ( missile equipm5t or te*nology ! transf] ( :i* is controll$ "u title ,i4 7ii7 ,if ! item involv$ 9 ! export1 reexport1 or transf] is )9 category ,i ( ! ,,mtcr ,annex1 !n ! ,presid5t %all d5y1 = a p]iod ( n less ?an #b ye>s1 lic5ses = ! transf] to su* =eign p]son ( items ! transf] ( :i* is controll$ "u title ,i4 7#b7 ,inapplicability ) respect to ,,mtcr adh]5ts ,p>agraph 7#a7 does n apply ) respect to-- 7,a7 any export1 reexport1 or transf] t is au?oriz$ by ! laws ( an ,,mtcr adh]5t1 if su* au?orization is n obta9$ by misrepres5tation or fraud2 or 7,b7 any export1 reexport1 or transf] ( an item to an end us] 9 a c\ntry t is an ,,mtcr adh]5t4 7#c7 ,effect ( en=cem5t actions by ,,mtcr adh]5ts ,sanctions set =? 9 p>agraph 7#a7 may n be impos$ "u ?is subsection on a p]son ) respect to acts describ$ 9 su* p>agraph or1 if su* sanctions are 9 effect aga9/ a p]son on acc\nt ( su* acts1 su* sanctions %all be t]m9at$1 if an ,,mtcr adh]5t is tak+ judicial or o!r en=cem5t action aga9/ t p]son ) respect to su* acts1 or t p]son has be5 f\nd by ! gov]nm5t ( an ,,mtcr adh]5t to be innoc5t ( wrongdo+ ) respect to su* acts4 7#d7 ,waiv] & report to ,congress 7,a7 ,waiv] au?ority ,! ,presid5t may waive ! application ( p>agraph 7#a7 to a =eign p]son if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t su* waiv] is ess5tial to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,b7 ,notification & report to ,congress ,9 ! ev5t t ! ,presid5t decides to apply ! waiv] describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,presid5t %all s notify ! appropriate congressional committees n less ?an #bj work+ days be=e issu+ ! waiv]4 ,su* notification %all include a report fully articulat+ ! rationale & circum/ances :i* l$ ! ,presid5t to apply ! waiv]4 7#e7 ,additional waiv] ,! ,presid5t may waive ! imposition ( sanctions "u p>agraph 7#a7 on a p]son ) respect to a product or s]vice if ! ,presid5t c]tifies to ! appropriate congressional committees t-- 7,a7 ! product or s]vice is ess5tial to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 su* p]son is a sole s\rce suppli] ( ! product or s]vice1 ! product or s]vice is n available f any alt]native reliable suppli]1 & ! ne$ = ! product or s]vice _c be met 9 a timely mann] by improv$ manufactur+ processes or te*nological developm5ts4 7#f7 ,exceptions ,! ,presid5t %all n apply ! sanction "u ?is subsection prohibit+ ! importation ( ! products ( a =eign p]son-- 7,a7 9 ! case ( procurem5t ( def5se articles or def5se s]vices-- 7i7 "u exi/+ contracts or subcontracts1 includ+ ! ex]cise ( options = production quantities to satisfy requirem5ts ess5tial to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7ii7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t ! p]son to :i* ! sanctions w\ld be appli$ is a sole s\rce suppli] ( ! def5se articles or def5se s]vices1 t ! def5se articles or def5se s]vices are ess5tial to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t alt]native s\rces are n readily or reasonably available2 or 7iii7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t su* articles or s]vices are ess5tial to ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u def5se coproduction agreem5ts or ,,nato ,programs ( ,coop]ation2 7,b7 to products or s]vices provid$ "u contracts ent]$ into be=e ! date on :i* ! ,presid5t publi%es 8 int5tion to impose ! sanctions2 or 7,c7 to-- 7i7 sp>e p>ts2 7ii7 compon5t p>ts1 b n f9i%$ products1 ess5tial to ,unit$ ,/ates products or production2 7iii7 r\t9e s]vices & ma9t5ance ( products1 to ! ext5t t alt]native s\rces are n readily or reasonably available2 or 7iv7 in=mation & te*nology ess5tial to ,unit$ ,/ates products or production4 7c7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,! t]m appropriate congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 & 7,b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations & ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate4 7#b7 ,def5se articles2 def5se s]vices ,! t]ms def5se articles & def5se s]vices mean ^? items on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,munitions ,li/ z def9$ 9 section #dg7g7 ( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bgid note74 7#c7 ,missile ,! t]m missile means a category ,i sy/em z def9$ 9 ! ,,mtcr ,annex4 7#d7 ,missile te*nology control regime2 ,,mtcr ,! t]m ,missile ,te*nology ,control ,regime or ,,mtcr means ! policy /atem5t1 betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ! ,f$]al ,republic ( ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,canada1 & ,japan1 ann\nc$ on ,april #af1 #aihg1 to re/rict s5sitive missile-relevant transf]s bas$ on ! ,,mtcr ,annex1 & any am5dm5ts !reto4 7#e7 ,,mtcr adh]5t ,! t]m ,,mtcr adh]5t means a c\ntry t p>ticipates 9 ! ,,mtcr or t1 pursuant to an int]national und]/&+ to :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a p>ty1 controls ,,mtcr equipm5t or te*nology 9 accordance ) ! crit]ia & /&>ds set =? 9 ! ,,mtcr4 7#f7 ,,mtcr annex ,! t]m ,,mtcr ,annex means ! ,guidel9es & ,equipm5t & ,te*nology ,annex ( ! ,,mtcr1 & any am5dm5ts !reto4 7#g7 ,missile equipm5t or te*nology2 ,,mtcr equipm5t or te*nology ,! t]ms missile equipm5t or te*nology & ,,mtcr equipm5t or te*nology mean ^? items li/$ 9 category ,i or category ,,ii ( ! ,,mtcr ,annex4 #cjb4 ,*emical & biological weapons prolif]ation sanctions 7a7 ,imposition ( sanctions 7#a7 ,det]m9ation by ! ,presid5t ,except z provid$ 9 subsection 7b77#b71 ! ,presid5t %all impose ! sanction describ$ 9 subsection 7c7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t a =eign p]son has kn[+ly & mat]ially contribut$-- 7,a7 ?r\gh ! export f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( any item t is subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ?is title2 or 7,b7 ?r\gh ! export f any o!r c\ntry ( any item t w\ld be1 if !y 7 ,unit$ ,/ates goods or te*nology1 subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ?is title1 to ! ef=ts by any =eign c\ntry1 project1 or entity describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 to use1 develop1 produce1 /ockpile1 or o!rwise acquire *emical or biological weapons4 7#b7 ,c\ntries1 projects1 or entities receiv+ assi/ance ,p>agraph 7#a7 applies 9 ! case (-- 7,a7 any =eign c\ntry t ! ,presid5t det]m9es has1 at any "t aft] ,janu>y #a1 #aihj-- 7i7 us$ *emical or biological weapons 9 violation ( int]national law2 7ii7 us$ le?al *emical or biological weapons aga9/ its own nationals2 or 7iii7 made sub/antial prep>ations to engage 9 ! activities describ$ 9 clause 7i7 or 7ii72 7,b7 any =eign c\ntry ^: gov]nm5t is det]m9$ = purposes ( section #ajd7;c7 ( ?is ,act to be a gov]nm5t t has repeat$ly provid$ support = acts ( int]national t]rorism2 or 7,c7 any o!r =eign c\ntry1 project1 or entity designat$ by ! ,presid5t = purposes ( ?is section4 7#c7 ,p]sons aga9/ :i* sanctions are to be impos$ ,a sanction %all be impos$ pursuant to p>agraph 7#a7 on-- 7,a7 ! =eign p]son ) respect to :i* ! ,presid5t makes ! det]m9ation describ$ 9 t p>agraph2 7,b7 any successor entity to t =eign p]son2 & 7,c7 any =eign p]son t is a p>5t1 subsidi>y1 or affiliate ( t =eign p]son if t p>5t1 subsidi>y1 or affiliate kn[+ly assi/$ 9 ! activities :i* 7 ! basis ( t det]m9ation4 7b7 ,consultations ) & actions by =eign gov]nm5t ( jurisdiction 7#a7 ,consultations ,if ! ,presid5t makes ! det]m9ations describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#a7 ) respect to a =eign p]son1 ! ,congress urges ! ,presid5t to initiate consultations imm$iately ) ! gov]nm5t ) prim>y jurisdiction ov] t =eign p]son ) respect to ! imposition ( a sanction pursuant to ?is section4 7#b7 ,actions by gov]nm5t ( jurisdiction ,9 ord] to pursue su* consultations ) t gov]nm5t1 ! ,presid5t may delay imposition ( a sanction pursuant to ?is section = a p]iod ( up to #ij days4 ,foll[+ su* consultations1 ! ,presid5t %all impose ! sanction unless ! ,presid5t det]m9es & c]tifies to ! appropriate congressional committees t ! ,gov]nm5t has tak5 specific & effective actions1 includ+ appropriate p5alties1 to t]m9ate ! involvem5t ( ! =eign p]son 9 ! activities describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#a74 ,! ,presid5t may delay imposition ( ! sanction = an additional p]iod ( up to #ij days if ! ,presid5t det]m9es & c]tifies to ! ,congress t ! gov]nm5t is 9 ! process ( tak+ ! actions describ$ 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ce4 7#c7 ,report to ,congress ,! ,presid5t %all report to ! appropriate congressional committees1 n lat] ?an #ij days aft] mak+ a det]m9ation "u subsection 7a77#a71 on ! /atus ( consultations ) ! appropriate gov]nm5t "u ?is subsection1 & ! basis = any det]m9ation "u p>agraph 7#b7 ( ?is subsection t su* gov]nm5t has tak5 specific corrective actions4 7c7 ,sanction 7#a7 ,description ( sanction ,! sanction to be impos$ pursuant to subsection 7a77#a7 is1 except z provid$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t %all n procure1 or ent] into any contract = ! procurem5t (1 any goods or s]vices f any p]son describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#c74 7#b7 ,exceptions ,! ,presid5t %all n be requir$ to apply or ma9ta9 a sanction "u ?is section-- 7,a7 9 ! case ( procurem5t ( def5se articles or def5se s]vices-- 7i7 "u exi/+ contracts or subcontracts1 includ+ ! ex]cise ( options = production quantities to satisfy ,unit$ ,/ates op]ational milit>y requirem5ts2 7ii7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t ! p]son or o!r entity to :i* ! sanctions w\ld o!rwise be appli$ is a sole s\rce suppli] ( ! def5se articles or def5se s]vices1 t ! def5se articles or def5se s]vices are ess5tial1 & t alt]native s\rces are n readily or reasonably available2 or 7iii7 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es t su* articles or s]vices are ess5tial to ! national security "u def5se coproduction agreem5ts2 7,b7 to products or s]vices provid$ "u contracts ent]$ into be=e ! date on :i* ! ,presid5t publi%es 8 int5tion to impose sanctions2 7,c7 to-- 7i7 sp>e p>ts2 7ii7 compon5t p>ts1 b n f9i%$ products1 ess5tial to ,unit$ ,/ates products or production2 or 7iii7 r\t9e s]vic+ & ma9t5ance ( products1 to ! ext5t t alt]native s\rces are n readily or reasonably available2 7,d7 to in=mation & te*nology ess5tial to ,unit$ ,/ates products or production2 or 7,e7 to m$ical or o!r humanit>ian items4 7d7 ,t]m9ation ( sanctions ,a sanction impos$ pursuant to ?is section %all apply = a p]iod ( at lea/ #ab mon?s foll[+ ! imposition ( "o sanction & %all cease to apply !reaft] only if ! ,presid5t det]m9es & c]tifies to ! appropriate congressional committees t reliable in=mation indicates t ! =eign p]son ) respect to :i* ! det]m9ation 0 made "u subsection 7a77#a7 has ceas$ to aid or abet any =eign gov]nm5t1 project1 or entity 9 its ef=ts to acquire *emical or biological weapons capability z describ$ 9 t subsection4 7e7 ,waiv] 7#a7 ,crit]ion = waiv] ,! ,presid5t may waive ! application ( any sanction impos$ on any p]son pursuant to ?is section1 aft] ! end ( ! #ab-mon? p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* t sanction 0 impos$ on t p]son1 if ! ,presid5t det]m9es & c]tifies to ! appropriate congressional committees t su* waiv] is important to ! national security int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#b7 ,notification ( & report to ,congress ,if ! ,presid5t decides to ex]cise ! waiv] au?ority provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,presid5t %all s notify ! appropriate congressional committees n less ?an #bj days be=e ! waiv] takes effect4 ,su* notification %all include a report fully articulat+ ! rationale & circum/ances :i* l$ ! ,presid5t to ex]cise ! waiv] au?ority4 7f7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,! t]m appropriate congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 & 7,b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations & ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate4 7#b7 ,def5se articles2 def5se s]vices ,! t]ms def5se articles & def5se s]vices mean ^? items on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,munitions ,li/ or are o!rwise controll$ "u ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act4