#aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 ,r4 
#dfi  ,,an ,,act  ,to impose c]ta9      
limitations on cons5t decrees &         
settlem5t agreem5ts by ag5cies t require
 ! ag5cies to take regulatory action 9  
accordance ) ! t]ms !re(1 & = o!r       
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title2 table (     
cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may  
be cit$ z ! ,congressional ,article ,i  
,p[]s ,/r5g!n+ ,act4  7b7 ,table (      
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts ( ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table
 ( cont5ts4 ,title ,i--,sun%9e =        
,regulations & ,regulatory ,decrees &   
,settlem5ts ,sec4 #aja4 ,%ort title4    
,sec4 #ajb4 ,def9itions4 ,sec4 #ajc4    
,cons5t decree & settlem5t re=m4 ,sec4  
#ajd4 ,motions to modify cons5t decrees4
 ,sec4 #aje4 ,effective date4 ,title    
,,ii--,judgm5t ,fund ,transp>5cy ,sec4  
#bja4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,judgm5t 
fund transp>5cy4 ,title ,,iii--,article 
,i ,amicus & ,int]v5tion ,sec4 #cja4    
,%ort title4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,congressional 
int]v5tion z ( "r4 ,sec4 #cjc4          

,int]v5tion & amicus au?ority = h\se (  
repres5tatives4  ,i ,sun%9e =           
,regulations & ,regulatory ,decrees &   
,settlem5ts  #aja4 ,%ort title ,?is     
title may be cit$ z ! ,sun%9e =         
,regulations & ,regulatory ,decrees &   
,settlem5ts ,act ( #bjag4  #ajb4        
,def9itions ,9 ?is title--  7#a7 ! t]ms 
ag5cy & ag5cy action h ! mean+s giv5 ^? 
t]ms "u section #eea ( title #e1 ,unit$ 
,/ates ,code2  7#b7 ! t]m cov]$ civil   
action means a civil action--  7,a7     
seek+ to compel ag5cy action2  7,b7     
alleg+ t ! ag5cy is unlawfully )hold+ or
 unreasonably delay+ an ag5cy action    
relat+ to a regulatory action t w\ld    
affect ! rights (--  7i7 private p]sons 
o!r ?an ! p]son br++ ! action2 or  7ii7 
a ,/ate1 local1 or tribal gov]nm5t2 &   
7,c7 br\ght "u-- 7i7 *apt] #g ( title   
#e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 or  7ii7 any   
o!r /atute au?oriz+ su* an action2  7#c7
 ! t]m cov]$ cons5t decree means--  7,a7
 a cons5t decree ent]$ into 9 a cov]$   
civil action2 &  7,b7 any o!r cons5t    

decree t requires ag5cy action relat+ to
 a regulatory action t affects ! rights 
(--  7i7 private p]sons o!r ?an ! p]son 
br++ ! action2 or  7ii7 a ,/ate1 local1 
or tribal gov]nm5t2  7#d7 ! t]m cov]$   
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t     
means a cov]$ cons5t decree & a cov]$   
settlem5t agreem5t2 &  7#e7 ! t]m cov]$ 
settlem5t agreem5t means--  7,a7 a      
settlem5t agreem5t ent]$ into 9 a cov]$ 
civil action2 &  7,b7 any o!r settlem5t 
agreem5t t requires ag5cy action relat+ 
to a regulatory action t affects !      
rights (--  7i7 private p]sons o!r ?an !
 p]son br++ ! action2 or  7ii7 a ,/ate1 
local1 or tribal gov]nm5t4  #ajc4       
,cons5t decree & settlem5t re=m  7a7    
,plead+s & prelim9>y matt]s  7#a7 ,9    
g5]al ,9 any cov]$ civil action1 ! ag5cy
 aga9/ :i* ! cov]$ civil action is      
br\ght %all publi% ! notice ( int5t to  
sue & ! compla9t 9 a readily accessible 
mann]1 includ+ by mak+ ! notice ( int5t 
to sue & ! compla9t available onl9e n   
lat] ?an #ae days aft] receiv+ s]vice ( 

! notice ( int5t to sue or compla9t1    
respectively4  7#b7 ,entry ( a cov]$    
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t ,a  
p>ty may n make a motion = entry ( a    
cov]$ cons5t decree or to dismiss a     
civil action pursuant to a cov]$        
settlem5t agreem5t until aft] ! end (   
proce$+s 9 accordance ) p>agraph 7#a7 & 
subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( p>agraph 7#b7
 ( subsection 7d7 or subsection         
7d77#c77;,a71 :i*ev] is lat]4  7b7      
,int]v5tion  7#a7 ,rebuttable           
presumption ,9 consid]+ a motion to     
int]v5e 9 a cov]$ civil action or a     
civil action 9 :i* a cov]$ cons5t decree
 or settlem5t agreem5t has be5 propos$ t
 is fil$ by a p]son :o alleges t ! ag5cy
 action 9 dispute w\ld affect ! p]son1 !
 c\rt %all presume1 subject to rebuttal1
 t ! int]e/s ( ! p]son w\ld n be        
repres5t$ adequately by ! exi/+ p>ties  
to ! action4  7#b7 ,/ate1 local1 &      
tribal gov]nm5ts ,9 consid]+ a motion to
 int]v5e 9 a cov]$ civil action or a    
civil action 9 :i* a cov]$ cons5t decree

 or settlem5t agreem5t has be5 propos$ t
 is fil$ by a ,/ate1 local1 or tribal   
gov]nm5t1 ! c\rt %all take due acc\nt ( 
:e!r ! movant--  7,a7 adm9i/]s jo9tly ) 
an ag5cy t is a def5dant 9 ! action !   
/atutory provisions t give rise to !    
regulatory action to :i* ! action       
relates2 or  7,b7 adm9i/]s an au?ority  
"u ,/ate1 local1 or tribal law t w\ld be
 preempt$ by ! regulatory action to :i* 
! action relates4  7c7 ,settlem5t       
negotiations ,ef=ts to settle a cov]$   
civil action or o!rwise rea* an agreem5t
 on a cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t  
agreem5t %all-- 7#a7 be conduct$        
pursuant to ! m$iation or alt]native    
dispute resolution program ( ! c\rt or  
by a di/rict judge o!r ?an ! presid+    
judge1 magi/rate judge1 or special ma/]1
 z det]m9$ appropriate by ! presid+     
judge2 &  7#b7 include any p>ty t       
int]v5es 9 ! action4  7d7 ,publication (
 & comm5t on cov]$ cons5t decrees or    
settlem5t agreem5ts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n   
lat] ?an #fj days be=e ! date on :i* a  

cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t        
agreem5t is fil$ ) a c\rt1 ! ag5cy seek+
 to ent] ! cov]$ cons5t decree or       
settlem5t agreem5t %all publi% 9 !      
,f$]al ,regi/] & onl9e--  7,a7 ! propos$
 cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t       
agreem5t2 &  7,b7 a /atem5t provid+--   
7i7 ! /atutory basis = ! cov]$ cons5t   
decree or settlem5t agreem5t2 &  7ii7 a 
description ( ! t]ms ( ! cov]$ cons5t   
decree or settlem5t agreem5t1 includ+   
:e!r x provides = ! aw>d ( attorneys'   
fees or co/s &1 if s1 ! basis = includ+ 
! aw>d4  7#b7 ,public comm5t  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,an ag5cy seek+ to ent] a cov]$   
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t %all
 accept public comm5t dur+ ! p]iod      
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 on any issue   
relat+ to ! matt]s alleg$ 9 ! compla9t 9
 ! applicable civil action or address$  
or affect$ by ! propos$ cov]$ cons5t    
decree or settlem5t agreem5t4  7,b7     
,response to comm5ts ,an ag5cy %all     
respond to any comm5t receiv$ "u        
subp>agraph 7,a74  7,c7 ,submissions to 

c\rt ,:5 mov+ t ! c\rt ent] a propos$   
cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t        
agreem5t or = dismissal pursuant to a   
propos$ cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t
 agreem5t1 an ag5cy %all-- 7i7 in=m !   
c\rt ( ! /atutory basis = ! propos$     
cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t        
agreem5t & its t]ms2  7ii7 submit to !  
c\rt a summ>y ( ! comm5ts receiv$ "u    
subp>agraph 7,a7 & ! response ( ! ag5cy 
to ! comm5ts2  7iii7 submit to ! c\rt a 
c]tifi$ index ( ! adm9i/rative record ( 
! notice & comm5t proce$+2 &  7iv7 make 
! adm9i/rative record describ$ 9 clause 
7iii7 fully accessible to ! c\rt4  7,d7 
,inclusion 9 record ,! c\rt %all include
 9 ! c\rt record = a civil action !     
c]tifi$ index ( ! adm9i/rative record   
submitt$ by an ag5cy "u subp>agraph     
7,c77iii7 & any docum5ts li/$ 9 ! index 
:i* any p>ty or amicus curiae appe>+    
be=e ! c\rt 9 ! action submits to !     
c\rt4  7#c7 ,public he>+s p]mitt$  7,a7 
,9 g5]al ,aft] provid+ notice 9 ! ,f$]al
 ,regi/] & onl9e1 an ag5cy may hold a   

public he>+ reg>d+ :e!r to ent] into a  
propos$ cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t
 agreem5t4  7,b7 ,record ,if an ag5cy   
holds a public he>+ "u subp>agraph      
7,a7--  7i7 ! ag5cy %all-- 7,i7 submit  
to ! c\rt a summ>y ( ! proce$+s2  7,,ii7
 submit to ! c\rt a c]tifi$ index ( !   
he>+ record2 &  7,,iii7 provide access  
to ! he>+ record to ! c\rt2 &  7ii7 !   
full he>+ record %all be includ$ 9 !    
c\rt record4  7#d7 ,m&atory deadl9es ,if
 a propos$ cov]$ cons5t decree or       
settlem5t agreem5t requires an ag5cy    
action by a date c]ta91 ! ag5cy %all1 :5
 mov+ = entry ( ! cov]$ cons5t decree or
 settlem5t agreem5t or dismissal bas$ on
 ! cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t     
agreem5t1 in=m ! c\rt (--  7,a7 any     
requir$ regulatory action ! ag5cy has n 
tak5 t ! cov]$ cons5t decree or         
settlem5t agreem5t does n address2  7,b7
 h[ ! cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t  
agreem5t1 if approv$1 w\ld affect !     
dis*>ge ( ! duties describ$ 9           
subp>agraph 7,a72 &  7,c7 :y ! effects (

 ! cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t     
agreem5t on ! mann] 9 :i* ! ag5cy       
dis*>ges its duties is 9 ! public       
int]e/4  7e7 ,submission by ! gov]nm5t  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,= any propos$ cov]$      
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t t   
conta9s a t]m describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 
! ,attorney ,g5]al or1 if ! matt] is be+
 litigat$ indep5d5tly by an ag5cy1 !    
head ( ! ag5cy %all submit to ! c\rt a  
c]tification t ! ,attorney ,g5]al or    
head ( ! ag5cy approves ! propos$ cov]$ 
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t4 ,! 
,attorney ,g5]al or head ( ! ag5cy %all 
p]sonally sign any c]tification submitt$
 "u ?is p>agraph4  7#b7 ,t]ms ,a t]m    
describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph is-- 7,a7 9 !   
case ( a cov]$ cons5t decree1 a t]m t-- 
7i7 conv]ts into a nondiscretion>y duty 
a discretion>y au?ority ( an ag5cy to   
propose1 promulgate1 revise1 or am5d    
regulations2  7ii7 commits an ag5cy to  
exp5d funds t h n be5 appropriat$ & t h 
n be5 budget$ = ! regulatory action 9   
"q2  7iii7 commits an ag5cy to seek a   

p>ticul> appropriation or budget        
au?orization2  7iv7 dive/s an ag5cy (   
discretion committ$ to ! ag5cy by /atute
 or ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
)\t reg>d to :e!r ! discretion 0 grant$ 
to respond to *ang+ circum/ances1 to    
make policy or manag]ial *oices1 or to  
protect ! rights ( ?ird p>ties2 or  7v7 
o!rwise af=ds relief t ! c\rt c\ld n    
ent] "u its own au?ority ^u a f9al      
judgm5t 9 ! civil action2 or  7,b7 9 !  
case ( a cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t1 a    
t]m--  7i7 t provides a rem$y = a       
failure by ! ag5cy to comply ) ! t]ms ( 
! cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t o!r ?an !    
revival ( ! civil action resolv$ by !   
cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t2 &  7ii7 t--   
7,i7 int]f]es ) ! au?ority ( an ag5cy to
 revise1 am5d1 or issue rules "u !      
proc$ures set =? 9 *apt] #e ( title #e1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 or any o!r /atute  
or ,executive ord] prescrib+ rulemak+   
proc$ures = a rulemak+ t is ! subject ( 
! cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t2  7,,ii7     
commits ! ag5cy to exp5d funds t h n be5

 appropriat$ & t h n be5 budget$ = !    
regulatory action 9 "q2 or  7,,iii7 =   
su* a cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t t commits
 ! ag5cy to ex]cise 9 a p>ticul> way    
discretion :i* 0 committ$ to ! ag5cy by 
/atute or ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates to respond to *ang+ circum/ances1
 to make policy or manag]ial *oices1 or 
to protect ! rights ( ?ird p>ties4  7f7 
,review by c\rt  7#a7 ,amicus ,a c\rt   
consid]+ a propos$ cov]$ cons5t decree  
or settlem5t agreem5t %all presume1     
subject to rebuttal1 t x is prop] to    
all[ amicus p>ticipation relat+ to !    
cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t        
agreem5t by any p]son :o fil$ public    
comm5ts or p>ticipat$ 9 a public he>+ on
 ! cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t     
agreem5t "u p>agraph 7#b7 or 7#c7 (     
subsection 7d74  7#b7 ,review ( deadl9es
  7,a7 ,propos$ cov]$ cons5t decrees ,= 
a propos$ cov]$ cons5t decree1 a c\rt   
%all n approve ! cov]$ cons5t decree    
unless ! propos$ cov]$ cons5t decree    
all[s suffici5t "t & incorporates       

adequate proc$ures = ! ag5cy to comply )
 *apt] #e ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 & o!r applicable /atutes t gov]n 
rulemak+ &1 unless contr>y to ! public  
int]e/1 ! provisions ( any ,executive   
ord] t gov]ns rulemak+4  7,b7 ,propos$  
cov]$ settlem5t agreem5ts ,= a propos$  
cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t1 a c\rt %all   
ensure t ! cov]$ settlem5t agreem5t     
all[s suffici5t "t & incorporates       
adequate proc$ures = ! ag5cy to comply )
 *apt] #e ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 & o!r applicable /atutes t gov]n 
rulemak+ &1 unless contr>y to ! public  
int]e/1 ! provisions ( any ,executive   
ord] t gov]ns rulemak+4  7g7 ,annual    
reports ,ea* ag5cy %all submit to       
,congress an annual report t1 = ! ye>   
cov]$ by ! report1 includes-- 7#a7 !    
numb]1 id5tity1 & cont5t ( cov]$ civil  
actions br\ght aga9/ & cov]$ cons5t     
decrees or settlem5t agreem5ts ent]$    
aga9/ or into by ! ag5cy2 &  7#b7 a     
description ( ! /atutory basis =-- 7,a7 
ea* cov]$ cons5t decree or settlem5t    

agreem5t ent]$ aga9/ or into by ! ag5cy2
 &  7,b7 any aw>d ( attorneys fees or   
co/s 9 a civil action resolv$ by a cov]$
 cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t    
ent]$ aga9/ or into by ! ag5cy4  #ajd4  
,motions to modify cons5t decrees ,if an
 ag5cy moves a c\rt to modify a cov]$   
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t & ! 
basis ( ! motion is t ! t]ms ( ! cov]$  
cons5t decree or settlem5t agreem5t are 
no long] fully 9 ! public int]e/ due to 
! obligations ( ! ag5cy to fulfill o!r  
duties or due to *ang$ facts &          
circum/ances1 ! c\rt %all review !      
motion & ! cov]$ cons5t decree or       
settlem5t agreem5t de novo4  #aje4      
,effective date ,?is title %all apply   
to-- 7#a7 any cov]$ civil action fil$ on
 or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is title2 
&  7#b7 any cov]$ cons5t decree or      
settlem5t agreem5t propos$ to a c\rt on 
or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is title4  
,,ii ,judgm5t ,fund ,transp>5cy  #bja4  
,%ort title ,?is title may be cit$ z !  
,judgm5t ,fund ,transp>5cy ,act ( #bjag4

  #bjb4 ,judgm5t fund transp>5cy  7a7   
,transp>5cy requirem5t ,section #acjd ( 
title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7d7 7#a7   
,unless ! disclosure ( su* in=mation is 
o!rwise prohibit$ by law 7o!r ?an       
section #eeb;a ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code7 or c\rt ord]1 ! ,secret>y ( !   
,treasury %all make available to !      
public on a website1 z soon z           
practicable1 b n lat] ?an #cj days aft] 
! date on :i* a paym5t "u ?is section is
 t5d]$ on or aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjaf1 !  
foll[+ in=mation ) reg>d to t paym5t3   
7,a7 ,! "n ( ! specific ag5cy or entity 
^: actions gave rise to ! claim or      
judgm5t4  7,b7 ,! "n ( ! pla9tiff or    
claimant4  7,c7 ,! "n ( c\nsel = !      
pla9tiff or claimant4  7,d7 ,! am\nt    
paid repres5t+ pr9cipal liability1 & any
 am\nts paid repres5t+ any ancill>y     
liability1 includ+ attorney fees1 co/s1 
& int]e/4  7,e7 ,a brief description ( !
 facts t gave rise to ! claim4  7,f7 ,! 
"n ( ! ag5cy t submitt$ ! claim4  7,g7  

,any in=mation available on reports     
g5]at$ by ! ,judgm5t ,fund ,paym5t ,se>*
 adm9i/]$ by ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t4     
7#b7 ,9 addition to ! in=mation describ$
 9 p>agraph 7#a71 if a paym5t "u ?is    
section is made to a =eign /ate on or   
aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjaf1 ! ,secret>y ( ! 
,treasury %all make available to !      
public 9 accordance ) p>agraph 7#a71 !  
foll[+ in=mation ) reg>d to t paym5t3   
7,a7 ,a description ( ! me?od ( paym5t4 
7,b7 ,a description ( ! curr5cy         
d5om9ations us$ = ! paym5t4  7,c7 ,! "n 
& location ( ea* f9ancial in/itution    
own$ or controll$1 directly or          
indirectly1 by a =eign /ate or an ag5t (
 a =eign /ate ?r\gh :i* ! paym5t pass$  
or f :i* ! paym5t 0 )drawn1 includ+ any 
f9ancial in/itution own$ or controll$1  
directly or indirectly1 by a =eign /ate 
or an ag5t ( a =eign /ate t is hold+ !  
paym5t z ( ! date on :i* ! in=mation is 
made available4  7#c7 ,n lat] ?an       
,janu>y #a1 #bjah1 & annually !reaft]1 !
 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury %all make      

available to ! public on ! website      
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7--  7,a7 ! total
 am\nt paid "u ?is section dur+ ! ye>   
prec$+ ! date ( ! report2 &  7,b7 !     
am\nt paid "u ?is section dur+ ! ye>    
prec$+ ! date ( ! report--  7i7 =       
attorney fees2  7ii7 = int]e/2 &  7iii7 
= all o!r paym5ts4  7#d7 ,9 ?is         
subsection1 ! t]m =eign /ate has ! mean+
 giv5 ! t]m 9 section #afjc ( title #bh4
  7e7 ,except ) reg>d to *ildr5 "u      
eighte51 ! disclosure ( in=mation       
requir$ 9 ?is section %all n be consid]$
 a cle>ly unw>rant$ invasion ( p]sonal  
privacy = purposes ( title #e1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code4  7f7 ,no paym5t may be    
made "u ?is section to a /ate sponsor ( 
t]rorism1 z def9$ 9 section #afje;,a7h7 
( title #bh1 or to an organization t has
 be5 designat$ z a =eign t]rori/        
organization "u section #bai ( !        
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aahi74  4  7b7 ,implem5tation
 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury %all c>ry   
out ! am5dm5t made by ?is section by n  

lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t
 ( ?is title4  ,,iii ,article ,i ,amicus
 & ,int]v5tion  #cja4 ,%ort title ,?is  
title may be cit$ z ! ,article ,i       
,amicus & ,int]v5tion ,act ( #bjag4     
#cjb4 ,congressional int]v5tion z ( "r  
7a7 ,deadl9e = report on limitation on  
en=cem5t ( laws ,p>agraph 7#b7 ( section
 #ecj;,d7b7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7#b7 
"u subsection 7a77#a77;,b71 )9 su* "t z 
w reasonably enable ! ,h\se (           
,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate to take      
action1 sep>ately or jo9tly1 to int]v5e 
9 a timely fa%ion 9 ! proce$+1 b 9 no   
ev5t--  7,a7 lat] ?an #cj days aft] !   
mak+ ( ea* det]m9ation2 &  7,b7 lat] ?an
 #ba days be=e any applicable deadl9e = 
fil+ any plead+ necess>y--  7i7 to def5d
 or ass]t ! con/itutionality ( !        
provision at issue2 or  7ii7 to reque/  
review ( any judicial1 adm9i/rative1 or 
o!r det]m9ation adv]sely affect+ !      
con/itutionality ( su* provision2  4    
7b7 ,int]v5tion z ( "r ,section #ecj;,d 

( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is    
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7f7   
,int]v5tion z ( "r ,! ,s5ate or ,h\se ( 
,repres5tatives may int]v5e z ( "r 9 any
 proce$+ ref]5c$ 9 subsection           
7a77#a77;,b7 9 ord] to def5d or ass]t ! 
con/itutionality ( any provision ( any  
,f$]al /atute1 rule1 regulation1        
program1 policy1 or o!r law1 or to      
appeal or reque/ review ( any judicial1 
adm9i/rative1 or o!r det]m9ation        
adv]sely affect+ ! con/itutionality (   
any su* provision4 ,not)/&+ any o!rwise 
applicable "t limits or o!r provisions (
 law to ! contr>y1 if su* int]v5tion is 
fil$ n lat] ?an #ba days aft] receipt ( 
! notice requir$ by ?is section !       
int]v5tion %all be deem$ timely & %all  
pres]ve ! "r ( ! ,s5ate or ,h\se (      
,repres5tatives to advance any          
applicable legal argum5ts 9 favor ( !   
con/itutionality ( any su* provision4  4
  #cjc4 ,int]v5tion & amicus au?ority = 
h\se ( repres5tatives ,section #aja ( ! 
,legislative ,bran* ,appropriations     

,act1 #bjjj 7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #eega71 is    
am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ subsection 7d72 & 
7#b7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7b7 !    
foll[+ 7& r$esignat+ succe$+ subsections
 accord+ly73  7c7 ,h\se ( repres5tatives
 int]v5tion & amicus au?ority  7#a7     
,actions or proce$+s ,:5 direct$ to d s 
9 accordance ) ! ,rules ( ! ,h\se (     
,repres5tatives1 ! ,g5]al ,c\nsel ( !   
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all int]v5e or 
appe> z amicus curiae 9 ! "n ( ! ,h\se1 
or 9 ! "n ( an (fic]1 committee1        
subcommittee1 or *air ( a committee or  
subcommittee ( ! ,h\se1 or o!r entity ( 
! ,h\se1 9 any legal action or proce$+  
p5d+ 9 any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( a
 ,/ate or political subdivision !re(4   
7#b7 ,int]v5tion or appe>ance z ( "r    
,int]v5tion z a p>ty or appe>ance z     
amicus curiae %all be ( "r & may be d5i$
 by a c\rt only ^u an express f9d+ t su*
 int]v5tion or appe>ance is untimely &  
w\ld significantly delay ! p5d+ action  
or1 9 ! case ( int]v5tion1 t /&+ to     
int]v5e is requir$ & has n be5 e/abli%$ 

"u section #b ( article ,,iii ( !       
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#c7   
,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section 
%all be con/ru$ to conf] /&+ on any p>ty
 seek+ to br+1 or jurisdiction on any   
c\rt ) respect to1 any civil or crim9al 
action aga9/ ,congress1 ei!r ,h\se (    
,congress1 a ,memb] ( ,congress1 a      
committee or subcommittee ( a ,h\se (   
,congress1 any (fice or ag5cy (         
,congress1 or any (fic] or employee ( a 
,h\se ( ,congress or any (fice or ag5cy 
( ,congress4  4  ,pass$ ! ,h\se (       
,repres5tatives ,octob] #be1            
#bjag4;,cl]k4