,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #dff  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(            
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #ab1 #bjag,mr4
 ,hultgr5 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,new 
,j]sey1 ,mr4 ,mooney ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1   
,mr4 ,pitt5g]1 ,mr4 ,gu?rie1 ,mr4       
,walb]g1 & ,mrs4 ,c>olyn ,b4 ,maloney ( 
,new ,york7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i*
 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign     
,affairs  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d !         
,traffick+ ,victims ,protection ,act (  
#bjjj relat+ to det]m9ations ) respect  
to ef=ts ( =eign c\ntries to r$uce dem& 
= comm]cial sex acts "u ! m9imum /&>ds =
 ! elim9ation ( traffick+4  #a4 ,%ort   
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,sex    
,traffick+ ,dem& ,r$uction ,act4  #b4   
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,x
 has be5 ! long/&+ position ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates to r$uce ! dem& = sex traffick+  
victims4 ,!re is also a wide            
int]national cons5sus on ! necessity (  
dem& r$uction 9 ord] to prev5t human    
traffick+4  7#b7 ,! ,unit$ ,nations     
,protocol to ,prev5t1 ,suppress & ,puni%

 ,traffick+ 9 ,p]sons1 ,especially ,wom5
 & ,*ildr51 ,supplem5t+ ! ,unit$        
,nations ,conv5tion ,aga9/              
,transnational ,organiz$ ,crime ( #bjjj 
7also ref]r$ to z ! ,pal]mo             
,protocol7s77 expressly addresses !     
requirem5t t nations make s]i\s ef=ts to
 r$uce dem& = traffick$ p]sons4  7#c7   
,article n9e1 address+ prev5tion ( human
 traffick+ specifically directs t1      
,/ates ,p>ties %all adopt or /r5g!n     
legislative or o!r measures1 su* z      
educational1 social or cultural         
measures1 includ+ ?r\gh bilat]al &      
multilat]al coop]ation1 to disc\rage !  
dem& t fo/]s all =ms ( exploitation (   
p]sons1 especially wom5 & *ildr51 t     
leads to traffick+44  7#d7 ,! ,unit$    
,nations ,protocol1 ! ,europe ,conv5tion
 on ,action aga9/ ,human ,traffick+1 & !
 #bjaa ,european ,union ,directive ( !  
,european ,p>liam5t & ! ,c\ncil on      
prev5t+ & combat+ traffick+ 9 human     
be+s1 also specifically address ! ne$ to
 prev5t human traffick+ by r$uc+ dem& = 

traffick+ victims4  7#e7 ,rese>* has %[n
 t legal pro/itution increases ! dem& = 
pro/itut$ p]sons & ?us increases ! m>ket
 = sex4 ,z a result1 !re is a           
significant increase 9 in/ances ( human 
traffick+4  7#f7 ,9 #bjab rese>*]s      
,seo-,"y ,*o1 ,axel ,dreh]1 & ,eric     
,neumay] publi%$ _! f9d+s t demon/rat$ !
 scale effect ( legaliz+ pro/itution    
leads to an expansion ( ! pro/itution   
m>ket & ?us an increase 9 human         
traffick+1 :ile ! sub/itution effect    
r$uces dem& = traffick$ pro/itutes by   
favor+ pro/itutes :o h legal resid5ce 9 
a c\ntry4  7#g7 ,9 #bjje ,di ,nicola &  
o!rs provid$ descriptive /ati/ics focus+
 on #aa ,european ,union c\ntries4      
,accord+ to _! results1 /rict]          
pro/itution laws are correlat$ ) r$uc$  
fl[s ( human traffick+4  7#h7 ,rese>*]s 
,niklas ,jakobsson & ,&reas ,kotsadam   
f\nd a casual l9k betwe5 legal          
pro/itution & increases 9 human         
traffick+4 ,jakobsson & ,kotsadam f\nd t
 traffick+ ( p]sons = comm]cial sexual  

exploitation is lea/ preval5t 9 c\ntries
 :]e pro/itution is illegal & mo/       
preval5t 9 c\ntries :]e pro/itution is  
legaliz$4  7#i7 ,fur!r data has         
demon/rat$ ! correlation betwe5 !       
adoption ( legislation t crim9alizes    
dem& & r$uctions 9 sex traffick+        
victims4  #c4 ,am5dm5t relat+ to        
det]m9ations ) respect to ef=ts ( =eign 
c\ntries to r$uce dem& = comm]cial sex  
acts "u ! m9imum /&>ds = ! elim9ation ( 
traffick+  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #ajh ( 
! ,traffick+ ,victims ,protection ,act (
 #bjjj 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #gajf7 is am5d$ by
 add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 
7c7 ,crit]ia ) respect to comm]cial sex 
acts ,9 det]m9ations "u subsection      
7b77#ab77;,a71 if ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry 
has ! au?ority to prohibit ! pur*ase (  
comm]cial sex acts & fails to d s1 su*  
failure to prohibit ! pur*ase (         
comm]cial sex acts %all be deem$ to be a
 failure on ! "p ( ! gov]nm5t to make   
s]i\s & su/a9$ ef=ts to r$uce ! dem& =  
comm]cial sex acts1 not)/&+ o!r ef=ts   

made by ! gov]nm5t to r$uce ! dem& =    
comm]cial sex acts4  4  7b7 ,effective  
date ,! am5dm5t made by subsection 7a7  
takes effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t (   
?is ,act & applies ) respect to         
det]m9ations "u subsection 7b77#ab77;,a7
 ( section #ajh ( ! ,traffick+ ,victims 
,protection ,act ( #bjjj t are made on  
or aft] su* date ( enactm5t4