,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #djef  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #ab1 #bjag,mr4
 ,k9d introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0    
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on               
,transportation & ,infra/ructure1 & 9   
addition to ! ,committees on ,f9ancial  
,s]vices1 & ,ways & ,means1 = a p]iod to
 be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 
ea* case = consid]ation ( su* provisions
 z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee 
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,rob]t   
,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy   
,assi/ance ,act & o!r laws to return    
prim>y responsibility = disa/] relief to
 ! ,/ates1 to e/abli% a private         
corporation to insure ,/ates aga9/ risks
 & co/s ( disa/]s o!rwise borne by !    
,/ates1 & to provide = reimbursable     
,f$]al assi/ance to ,/ates = activities 
9 response to disa/]s1 & = o!r purposes4
  #a4 ,%ort title & table ( cont5ts  7a7
 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  
,disa/] ,insurance ,risk ,equality ,act4
  7b7 ,table ( cont5ts ,! table (       

cont5ts = ?is ,act is z foll[s3  ,sec4  
#a4 ,%ort title & table ( cont5ts4 ,sec4
 #b4 ,f9d+s & purposes4 ,title          
,i--,,national ,,disa/] ,,insurance     
,,program ,sec4 #aja4 ,disa/] insurance 
program4 ,title ,,ii--,,f$]al ,,program 
,,= ,,reimbursable ,,disa/] ,,relief ,,&
 ,,em]g5cy ,,assi/ance ,sec4 #bja4      
,f9d+s & decl>ations4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,waiv]
 ( adm9i/rative conditions4 ,sec4 #bjc4 
,em]g5cy support teams4 ,sec4 #bjd4     
,reimbursem5t4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,p]=mance (  
s]vices4 ,sec4 #bjf4 ,reimbursem5t      
agreem5ts & conditions4 ,sec4 #bjg4     
,treatm5t ( assi/ance4 ,sec4 #bjh4      
,liability4 ,sec4 #bji4 ,advance ( ,/ate
 exp5ditures4 ,sec4 #baj4 ,proc$ure =   
decl>ation ( major disa/]4 ,sec4 #baa4  
,g5]al ,f$]al disa/] assi/ance4 ,sec4   
#bab4 ,ess5tial disa/] assi/ance4 ,sec4 
#bac4 ,haz>d mitigation4 ,sec4 #bad4    
,repair1 re/oration1 & replacem5t (     
damag$ facilities4 ,sec4 #bae4 ,debris  
removal4 ,sec4 #baf4 ,tempor>y h\s+     
assi/ance4 ,sec4 #bag4 ,unemploym5t     

assi/ance4 ,sec4 #bah4 ,crisis c\nsel+  
assi/ance & tra9+4 ,sec4 #bai4          
,community disa/] loans4 ,sec4 #bbj4    
,em]g5cy communications4 ,sec4 #bba4    
,em]g5cy public transportation4 ,sec4   
#bbb4 ,fire suppression4 ,sec4 #bbc4    
,timb] sale contracts4 ,sec4 #bbd4      
,simplifi$ proc$ure4 ,sec4 #bbe4        
,appeals ( assi/ance decisions4 ,sec4   
#bbf4 ,proc$ure = decl>ation4 ,sec4     
#bbg4 ,f$]al em]g5cy assi/ance4 ,sec4   
#bbh4 ,am\nt ( assi/ance4 ,sec4 #bbi4   
,applicability4 ,title                  
,,iii--,,f$]al-,,aid ,,highways ,sec4   
#cja4 ,national /&>d = ,/ate            
p>ticipation 9 disa/] insurance program4
 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,em]g5cy relief program =  
repair ( highways4  #b4 ,f9d+s &        
purposes  7a7 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress f9ds  
t-- 7#a7 :ile disa/]s c /rike any:]e )9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c]ta9 areas hi/orically
 h be5 m susceptible or vuln]able to    
disa/]s2  7#b7 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t has   
assum$ ! f9ancial responsibility = mu* (
 ! em]g5cy relief & recon/ruction       

provid$ aft] disa/]s2  7#c7 ! am\nt (   
,f$]al f9ancial assi/ance provid$ =     
disa/] relief & ! annual disa/] relief  
obligations ( ! ,f$]al ,em]g5cy         
,managem5t ,ag5cy h bo? be5 /eadily     
increas+ ov] "t2  7#d7 ! co/s ( disa/]  
assi/ance h be5 spread                  
disproportionately to all ,unit$ ,/ates 
citiz5s r ?an to citiz5s ( ! areas t are
 mo/ directly affect$2 &  7#e7 an       
am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates requir+ a balanc$ ,f$]al budget  
w\ld require major retr5*m5ts 9         
activities t assi/ citiz5s ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates 9 times ( crises & di/ress4  7b7 
,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is ,act are--  
7#a7 to reaffirm ! individual ,/ates'   
prim>y responsibility = disa/] relief2  
7#b7 to re/ore ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t's role
 = disa/] relief to "o ( second>y       
support1 provid$ on a reimbursable      
basis1 9 unusual or special em]g5cy     
situations t require s]vices be/ provid$
 by ,f$]al ag5cies2 &  7#c7 to e/abli% a
 private corporation to provide         

risk-bas$ insurance to ! individual     
,/ates to assi/ ! ,/ates 9 meet+ _!     
obligations 9 disa/] relief4  ,i        
,,national ,,disa/] ,,insurance         
,,program  #aja4 ,disa/] insurance      
program ,! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/]    
,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #eaba et seq47 is am5d$ by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new title3       
,,viii ,,disa/] ,,insurance ,,program   
,a ,insurance ,program  #hja4           
,e/abli%m5t ( insurance program ,!      
,national ,disa/] ,insurance            
,corporation e/abli%$ "u subtitle ,b    
%all e/abli% & c>ry out an insurance    
program "u ?is subtitle to provide      
cov]age to ,/ates aga9/ c]ta9 losses &  
co/s aris+ f disa/]s1 :i* %all be fund$ 
solely by ,/ate premiums & paym5ts &    
%all op]ate on an actu>ially s\nd basis4
  #hjb4 ,t]ms & conditions ( insurance  
program  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,corporation   
%all e/abli% ! t]ms & conditions = !    
provision ( disa/] insurance "u ! disa/]
 insurance program ( ! ,corporation1 :i*

 %all include--  7#a7 ! g5]al t]ms &    
conditions ( insurance cov]age2  7#b7   
limitations on ! scope & am\nts (       
cov]age provid$2  7#c7 ! e/abli%m5t1 "u 
section #hjd1 ( appropriate annual      
premium *>ges2  7#d7 appropriate loss   
d$uctibles2 &  7#e7 ! me?ods by :i*     
prov$ & approv$ claims = losses %all be 
adju/$ & paid4  7b7 ,objectives ,9      
e/abli%+ ! t]ms & conditions "u ?is     
section1 ! ,corporation %all ensure t ! 
insurance program accompli%es ! foll[+  
objectives3  7#a7 ,recov]y f disa/]s ,! 
am\nt ( cov]age provid$ "u ! program    
%all be suffici5t to provide ,/ate      
p>ticipants ) am\nts adequate = recov]y 
f disa/]s4  7#b7 ,equitable di/ribution 
( risks & co/s ,! risks & co/s ( disa/]s
 %all be equitably di/ribut$ among !    
,/ate p>ticipants4  7#c7 ,p>ticipation  
,p>ticipation 9 ! program by all ,/ates 
%all be enc\rag$4  7c7 ,assi/ance ,!    
t]ms & conditions ( ! insurance program 
%all be e/abli%$ 9 consultation ) !     
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,f$]al ,em]g5cy        

,managem5t ,ag5cy1 ! ,disa/] ,insurance 
,advisory ,committee "u section #hbf1 & 
o!r relevant ,f$]al ag5cies & %all be   
effective only if approv$ by !          
,adm9i/rator & ! ,advisory ,committee4  
#hjc4 ,cov]age  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!         
insurance program %all provide insurance
 cov]age "u ?is subtitle = ea*          
p>ticipant 9 ! ,corporation4 ,! initial 
cov]age available "u ! program %all take
 effect on ,octob] #a1 #bjai4  7b7      
,eligible insur$s ,! insurance program  
may provide insurance cov]age only to   
p>ticipants & ea* ,/ate %all be eligible
 to become a p>ticipant pursuant to !   
requirem5ts ( section #hba7;d74  7c7    
,scope ( cov]age ,! insurance program   
may provide cov]age only = ! foll[+     
losses & co/s to a p>ticipant t arise f 
a disa/]3  7#a7 ,lifesav+ measures ,co/s
 ( p]=m+ any "w or s]vices ess5tial to  
sav+ lives & protect+ & pres]v+ prop]ty 
or public heal? & safety1 includ+--     
7,a7 remov+ debris & wreckage2  7,b7    
conduct+ se>* & rescue1 & provid+       

em]g5cy m$ical c>e1 em]g5cy mass c>e1   
em]g5cy %elt]1 food1 wat]1 m$ic9e1 & o!r
 ess5tial ne$s1 includ+ movem5t (       
supplies or p]sons2  7,c7 cle>+ roads & 
con/ruct+ tempor>y bridges necess>y to !
 p]=mance ( em]g5cy tasks & ess5tial    
community s]vices2  7,d7 provid+        
tempor>y facilities = s*ools & o!r      
ess5tial community s]vices2  7,e7       
demoli%+ unsafe /ructures t endang] !   
public2  7,f7 w>n+ ( fur!r risks &      
haz>ds2  7,g7 dissem9at+ ( public       
in=mation & assi/ance reg>d+ heal? &    
safety measures2 &  7,h7 r$uc+ imm$iate 
?reats to life1 prop]ty1 & public heal? 
& safety4  7#b7 ,di/ribution ( food &   
m$ical assi/ance ,co/s ( di/ribut+ or   
r5d]+ food1 m$ic9e1 & o!r consumable    
supplies1 & o!r s]vices & assi/ance to  
victims ( ! disa/]4  7#c7 ,coord9ation  
,co/s ( coord9at+ relief ef=ts4  7#d7   
,te*nical advice ,co/s ( obta9+ te*nical
 advice reg>d+--  7,a7 disa/] managem5t 
& control2  7,b7 p]=m+ ess5tial         
community s]vices2 &  7,c7 dissem9at+   

in=mation reg>d+ public heal? & safety1 
issu+ w>n+s ( risks & haz>ds4  7#e7     
,haz>d mitigation ,co/s ( conduct+ haz>d
 mitigation measures t ! ,corporation   
det]m9es to be co/-effective & t w      
sub/antially r$uce ! risk ( future      
damage1 h>d%ip1 loss1 or suff]+ 9 any   
area affect$ by ! disa/]4  7#f7 ,repair 
& replacem5t ( damag$ facilities &      
resid5ces ,co/s = ! repair1 re/oration1 
recon/ruction1 or replacem5t (          
facilities 7includ+ public1 private1 &  
private nonpr(it facilities1 & comm]cial
 & agricultural facilities7 & resid5ces 
t are damag$ or de/roy$ by ! disa/] & = 
associat$ exp5ses incurr$ by ! own]s ( !
 facilities & resid5ces1 & losses f     
damage or de/ruction to su* facilities &
 resid5ces4  7#g7 ,tempor>y h\s+ ,co/s (
 provid+1 by pur*ase or lease1 tempor>y 
h\s+ 7includ+ unoccupi$ habitable       
dwell+s71 suitable r5tal h\s+1 mobile   
homes1 or o!r readily fabricat$ dwell+s 
to p]sons :o1 z a result ( ! disa/]1    
require tempor>y h\s+4  7#h7 ,tempor>y  

mortgage & r5tal paym5ts ,co/s ( provid+
 assi/ance on a tempor>y basis 9 ! =m ( 
mortgage or r5tal paym5ts to or on      
behalf ( individuals & families :o1 z a 
result ( f9ancial h>d%ip caus$ by !     
disa/]1 h receiv$ writt5 notice (       
dispossession or eviction f a resid5ce  
by reason ( a =eclosure ( any mortgage  
or li51 cancellation ( any contract (   
sale1 or t]m9ation ( any lease1 ent]$   
into prior to su* disa/]1 except t su*  
co/s may n cov] assi/ance provid$ = a   
duration exce$+ ! p]iod ( f9ancial      
h>d%ip or #ah mon?s1 :i*ev] is less4    
7#i7 ,c\nsel+ ,co/s ( pr(essional       
c\nsel+ s]vices to victims ( ! disa/] to
 relieve m5tal heal? problems caus$ or  
aggravat$ by ! disa/] or its aft]ma?4   
7#aj7 ,lo/ rev5ue ,loss to a p>ticipant 
( a sub/antial portion ( tax & o!r      
rev5ues1 b only if ! p>ticipant         
demon/rates a ne$ = reimbursem5t ( su*  
losses to p]=m its gov]nm5tal functions4
  7#aa7 ,tempor>y communications ,co/s (
 e/abli%+ tempor>y communications sy/ems

 9 ! area affect$ by ! disa/]4  7#ab7   
,tempor>y public transportation ,co/s ( 
provid+ tempor>y public transportation  
s]vice 9 ! area affect$ by ! disa/] to  
meet em]g5cy ne$s & to provide          
transportation to gov]nm5tal (fices1    
supply c5t]s1 /ores1 po/ (fices1 s*ools1
 major employm5t c5t]s1 & su* o!r places
 z may be necess>y 9 ord] to enable !   
community to resume its normal patt]n ( 
life z soon z possible4  7#ac7 ,fire    
suppression ,co/s ( equipm5t1 supplies1 
& p]sonnel = ! suppression ( any fire on
 publicly or privately own$ =e/ or      
grassl&4  7#ad7 ,loan & assi/ance       
programs ,losses & co/s associat$ )     
provid+ ! foll[+ assi/ance3 7,a7 ,small 
bus9ess loans ,loans =--  7i7 ! repair1 
rehabilitation1 or replacem5t (         
prop]ties ( small bus9ess conc]ns t are 
damag$ or de/roy$ z a result ( ! disa/]2
  7ii7 ref9anc+ mortgages or o!r li5s   
aga9/ resid5ces & prop]ties ( small     
bus9ess conc]ns t are de/roy$ or        
sub/antially damag$ z a result ( !      

disa/]2 &  7iii7 assi/+ small bus9ess   
conc]ns t suff] sub/antial economic     
injury z a result ( ! disa/]4  7,b7 ,f>m
 loans ,em]g5cy loans to p]sons ^: f>m+1
 ran*+1 or aquaculture op]ations h be5  
sub/antially affect$ by a disa/]4  7,c7 
,highway repair ,assi/ance = ! repair or
 recon/ruction ( highways1 roads1 &     
trails t suff] s]i\s damage z ! result (
 ! disa/]4  7,d7 ,insurance ( loans =   
s+le family homes ,insurance = mortgages
 & rehabilitation loans = #a- to        
#d-;family resid5ces ( mortgagors &     
borr[]s ^: resid5ces are de/roy$ or     
damag$ z a result ( ! disa/]4  7#ae7    
,o!r ,any o!r co/s or losses su/a9$ 9   
provid+ disa/] relief 9 ! ,/ate1 t are  
det]m9$ by ! ,corporation to be         
appropriate & :i* are n inconsi/5t ) !  
provisions ( ?is subtitle4  7d7         
,prohibit$ cov]age ,! insurance program 
may n provide cov]age = ! foll[+ losses 
& co/s3 7#a7 ,nondisa/] losses ,any     
losses or co/s n aris+ f a disa/]4  7#b7
 ,f$]al facilities ,any losses or co/s  

su/a9$ by or relat+ to ,f$]al           
facilities4  #hjd4 ,annual premium *>ges
  7a7 ,g5]al au?ority ,! ,corporation   
%all require ea* ,/ate1 z a condition ( 
p>ticipation 9 ! ,corporation & cov]age 
"u ! insurance program dur+ any fiscal  
ye>1 to make a premium paym5t to !      
,corporation = su* fiscal ye> 9 an am\nt
 det]m9$ 9 accordance ) ?is section4 ,! 
,corporation %all annually review !     
premium paym5ts *>g$ to ea* p>ticipant  
&1 if appropriate1 adju/ su* paym5t     
am\nts4  7b7 ,e/abli%m5t ( *>ges ,!     
premium paym5ts e/abli%$ "u ?is section 
%all be-- 7#a7 e/abli%$ us+ g5]ally     
accept$ actu>ial pr9ciples2  7#b7 to !  
maximum ext5t practicable1 bas$ on a    
consid]ation ( ! respective risks       
involv$1 includ+ diff]5ces 9--  7,a7 !  
risk ( occurr5ce ( disa/]s2  7,b7 haz>d 
mitigation measures 9 place1 includ+ any
 disa/] prep>$ness plan ( ! p>ticipant =
 mitigation1 w>n+1 em]g5cy op]ations1   
rehabilitation1 & recov]y2  7,c7        
anticipat$ cov]$ losses & co/s 9 ! ev5t 

( a disa/]2 &  7,d7 ! ext5t to :i* o!r  
s\rces ( insurance or assi/ance w cov]  
co/s & losses = types ( prop]ty &       
activities cov]$ 9 a ,/ate2 &  7#c7     
adequate1 on ! basis ( g5]ally accept$  
actu>ial pr9ciples1 to provide-- 7,a7   
am\nts 9 ! res]ve acc\nt ( !            
,corporation "u section #hbc =          
anticipat$ claims2 &  7,b7 = any        
adm9i/rative & op]at+ exp5ses ( !       
,corporation 9 c>ry+ out ! insurance    
program4  7c7 ,c]tification ( premium   
*>ges ,! ,corporation may n assess any  
premium *>ges e/abli%$ "u ?is section   
be=e ! *>ges h be5 c]tifi$ z actu>ially 
s\nd by ! ,disa/] ,insurance ,advisory  
,commission e/abli%$ by section #hbf4   
7d7 ,cr$it = initial contributions ,!   
,corporation %all cr$it ! am\nt ( !     
paym5t made by a ,/ate pursuant to      
section #hba7;d77#a7 t[>d any premium   
*>ges "u ?is section ow$ by ! ,/ate4    
7e7 ,f$]al contribution  7#a7 ,cr$it    
t[>d premiums ,= ea* fiscal ye>1 ! am\nt
 ( ! premium *>ges ow$ = su* fiscal ye> 

by ea* ,/ate t is p>ticipat+ 9 !        
,corporation & ! insurance program "u   
?is subtitle %all be r$uc$ by ! am\nt   
det]m9$ = su* ,/ate "u p>agraph 7#b74   
7#b7 ,am\nt ,= a fiscal ye>1 ! am\nt    
det]m9$ "u ?is p>agraph = ea* ,/ate t is
 a p>ticipant %all be ! am\nt t be>s !  
same p]c5tage to ! full premium *>ges   
ow$ by su* ,/ate = su* fiscal ye> z !   
total am\nt appropriat$ pursuant to     
p>agraph 7#c7 = su* fiscal ye> be>s to !
 sum ( all premium *>ges ow$ by all     
p>ticipat+ ,/ates = su* fiscal ye>4     
7#c7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re
 is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to !     
,corporation = ea* fiscal ye> an am\nt  
equal to #aj p]c5t ( ! sum ( all premium
 *>ges ow$ by all ,/ates p>ticipat+ 9 ! 
,corporation & ! insurance program "u   
?is subtitle = su* fiscal ye>4  #hje4   
,claims  7a7 ,proc$ure ,! ,corporation  
%all adju/ & pay all claims = prov$ &   
approv$ losses & co/s cov]$ by insurance
 provid$ "u ?is subtitle4  7b7 ,effect (
 duplicative cov]age ,! am\nt ( any     

claim paid = losses or co/s "u !        
insurance program may n include any     
am\nt = any portion ( su* losses or co/s
 cov]$ by am\nts provid$ "u any o!r     
s\rce ( insurance or f9ancial assi/ance4
  7c7 ,effect ( flood insurance cov]age 
7#a7 ,r$uction ( f$]al assi/ance ,if a  
facility or resid5ce locat$ 9 a special 
flood haz>d area id5tifi$ = m ?an #a ye>
 by ! ,adm9i/rator pursuant to !        
,national ,flood ,insurance ,act ( #aifh
 is damag$ or de/roy$ by flood+ 9 a     
disa/] & su* facility or resid5ce is n  
cov]$ on ! date ( su* flood+ by flood   
insurance1 ! am\nt ( a claim = cov]age  
"u ?is subtitle :i* w\ld o!rwise be paid
 "u ! insurance program "u ?is subtitle 
= co/s ( repair1 re/oration1            
recon/ruction1 & replacem5t ( su*       
facility or resid5ce & associat$ exp5ses
 %all be r$uc$ 9 accordance ) p>agraph  
7#b74  7#b7 ,am\nt ( r$uction ,! am\nt (
 ! r$uction 9 a claim = a facility or   
resid5ce pursuant to p>agraph 7#a7 %all 
be ! less] (--  7,a7 ! value ( su*      

facility or resid5ce on ! date ( ! flood
 damage or de/ruction2 or  7,b7 !       
maximum am\nt ( insurance proce$s :i*   
w\ld h be5 payable ) respect to su*     
facility or resid5ce if su* facility _h 
be5 cov]$ by flood insurance "u !       
,national ,flood ,insurance ,act ( #aifh
 on su* date4  7#c7 ,exception          
,p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 %all n apply to a
 private nonpr(it facility or resid5ce t
 is n cov]$ by flood insurance solely   
because ( ! local gov]nm5t's failure to 
p>ticipate 9 ! flood insurance program  
"u ! ,national ,flood ,insurance ,act ( 
#aifh4  7d7 ,cause ( action ,if !       
,corporation disall[s a claim or !      
claimant refuses to accept ! am\nt all[$
 ^u any claim1 ! claimant may1 be=e !   
expiration ( ! #a-ye> p]iod beg9n+ ^u ! 
claimant's receipt ( writt5 notice ( !  
disall[ance or p>tial disall[ance ( !   
claim1 in/itute an action on su* claim  
aga9/ ! ,corporation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4
 ,orig9al exclusive jurisdiction is     

h]eby conf]r$ ^u su* ,c\rt to he> &     
det]m9e su* action )\t reg>d to ! am\nt 
9 controv]sy4  ,b ,national ,disa/]     
,insurance ,corporation & ,disa/]       
,insurance ,advisory ,commission  #hba4 
,national disa/] insurance corporation  
7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is au?oriz$ to be  
e/abli%$ a body corporate to be kn[n z !
 ,national ,disa/] ,insurance           
,corporation1 :i* %all be subject to !  
provisions ( ?is title4 ,! ,corporation 
%all n be an ag5cy or e/abli%m5t ( !    
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,! pr9cipal (fice ( ! 
,corporation %all be locat$ 9 ! ,di/rict
 ( ,columbia or ! metropolitan area     
!re(4  7b7 ,function ,! purpose ( !     
,corporation %all be to c>ry out !      
insurance program "u subtitle ,a4  7c7  
,gov]nance  7#a7 ,bo>d ( directors ,!   
,corporation %all be "u ! direction ( a 
bo>d ( directors :o %all be elect$ by ! 
p>ticipants 9 ! ,corporation4 ,memb]s ( 
! bo>d %all n be consid]$1 by reason (  
su* memb]%ip1 to be employees ( ! ,f$]al
 ,gov]nm5t4  7#b7 ,initial bo>d ,except 

z o!rwise provid$ by ! ,corporation     
pursuant to section #hbb7b7-- 7,a7 !    
bo>d %all be compos$ ( #g memb]s1       
select$ by a majority ( ! p>ticipants 9 
! ,corporation ?r\gh an election 7i7 t  
%all take place at ! initial            
organizational meet+ ( ! ,corporation   
held pursuant to subsection 7e77#a71 &  
7ii7 9 :i* ea* ( ! p>ticipants %all h #a
 vote2 &  7,b7 ! t]m ( ea* memb] ( !    
bo>d %all be #e ye>s4  7d7 ,p>ticipants 
,a ,/ate %all be consid]$ z a p>ticipant
 9 ! ,corporation = purposes ( ?is title
 only if ! ,/ate complies ) ! foll[+    
requirem5ts3  7#a7 ,initial contribution
 ,! ,/ate has made a paym5t to !        
,corporation 7or to ! ,adm9i/rator      
pursuant to subsection 7e77#b77 9 an    
am\nt equal to #a p]c5t ( ! aggregate   
am\nt ( ,f$]al f9ancial assi/ance       
provid$1 dur+ fiscal ye>s #bjji ?r\gh   
#bjah1 to ! ,/ate 7or to or on behalf ( 
p]sons or prop]ty locat$ 9 ! ,/ate7 =   
disa/] relief relat+ to a major disa/]  
or em]g5cy decl>$ "u ?is ,act1 z det]m9$

 by ! ,adm9i/rator4 ,= purposes ( ?is   
p>agraph1 ! t]m ,f$]al f9ancial         
assi/ance %all include any grant1       
paym5t1 subsidy1 or loan provid$ by any 
ag5cy ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 & ! am\nt ( 
assi/ance provid$ "u a loan %all be     
consid]$ to be an am\nt equal to !      
pr9cipal obligation "u ! loan4  7#b7    
,paym5t ( premium *>ges ,! ,/ate has    
paid any premium *>ges assess$ = su*    
,/ate pursuant to section #hjd1 9       
accordance ) ! requirem5ts e/abli%$ by !
 ,corporation = paym5t ( su* *>ges4  ,= 
purposes ( ! organizational meet+ "u    
subsection 7e77#a71 any ,/ate t complies
 ) p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is subsection %all  
be consid]$ z a p>ticipant4  7e7        
,initial organization  7#a7             
,organizational meet+ ,! ,adm9i/rator   
%all call an organizational meet+ = !   
,corporation to be held n lat] ?an      
,augu/ #ca1 #bjai1 at :i* ! p>ticipants 
%all elect ! initial memb]s ( ! bo>d (  
directors & %all take su* o!r actions z 
may be necess>y to e/abli% !            

,corporation 9 accordance ) ?is title4  
,! ,adm9i/rator %all notify ea* ,/ate ( 
! meet+ & ! purposes ( ! meet+ & %all   
organize & *air ! meet+4  7#b7          
,collection ( initial contributions     
,be=e ! organization ( ! ,corporation   
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71 !            
,adm9i/rator %all collect paym5ts "u    
subsection 7d77#a7 on behalf ( !        
,corporation4  7f7 ,own]%ip ,!          
,corporation %all be privately own$ by !
 p>ticipants 9 ! insurance program4     
,obligations & indebt$ness ( !          
,corporation %all n be consid]$         
obligations & indebt$ness ( ! ,f$]al    
,gov]nm5t or gu>ante$ by ! ,f$]al       
,gov]nm5t4  7g7 ,(fic]s & employees ,!  
,corporation may appo9t & hire (fic]s & 
employees at ! discretion ( !           
,corporation1 b may n pay any (fic] or  
employee at a rate exce$+ ! rate ( basic
 pay payable = level ,,iv ( ! ,executive
 ,s*$ule4 ,any su* (fic]s & employees   
%all n be consid]$ (fic]s or employees (
 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & %all n be subject 

to ! provisions ( title #e1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code4  7h7 ,p[]s ,! ,corporation
 %all h ! p[]-- 7#a7 to adopt1 alt]1 &  
use a corporate seal2  7#b7 to make &   
en=ce contracts & agreem5ts appropriate 
to c>ry out ?is title2  7#c7 to settle1 
adju/1 compromise1 & release claims     
aga9/ ! corporation2  7#d7 to sue & be  
su$2  7#e7 to acquire1 hold1 & own1 &   
deal ) & dispose ( real & p]sonal       
prop]ty to ! ext5t appropriate to c>ry  
out ?is title2  7#f7 to h succession    
until dissolv$ by an ,act ( ,congress2 &
  7#g7 to ex]cise all o!r lawful p[]s   
necess>y or appropriate to c>ry out ?is 
title4  #hbb4 ,/ructure & op]ations     
,aft] consultation ) ! ,adm9i/rator &   
o!r appropriate ,f$]al ag5cies1 !       
,corporation %all e/abli% appropriate   
guidel9es = ! /ructure & op]ation ( !   
,corporation & ! insurance program1     
:i*--  7#a7 %all include /&>ds relat+ to
 ! vacancies1 bylaws1 & p[]s ( ! bo>d2  
7#b7 may include provisions1 applicable 
only aft] ,octob] #a1 #bjai1 e/abli%+ ! 

composition ( ! bo>d & ! t]ms ( (fice ( 
! memb]s ( ! bo>d o!r ?an z provid$ = 9 
section #hba7;c77#b72 &  7#c7 %all      
include a m9imum capital requirem5t     
pursuant to section #hbc7;d74  #hbc4    
,res]ve acc\nt  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!      
,corporation %all e/abli% & manage a    
res]ve acc\nt = ! op]ation ( ! insurance
 program4  7b7 ,cr$its ,! res]ve acc\nt 
( ! ,corporation %all be cr$it$ )-- 7#a7
 any premium *>ges "u section #hjd      
collect$ by ! ,corporation2  7#b7 any   
am\nts appropriat$ = ! ,corporation     
pursuant to sections #hjd7;e77#c7 &     
#hbe7;a72 &  7#c7 any int]e/ e>n$ on    
inve/m5ts ( ! ,corporation pursuant to  
subsection 7c77#b74  7c7 ,use ,am\nts 9 
! res]ve acc\nt ( ! ,corporation %all be
 available-- 7#a7 = paym5t ( qualify+   
claims "u ! insurance program (         
p>ticipants1 consi/5t ) ! t]ms &        
conditions e/abli%$ "u section #hjb7;a72
  7#b7 to ! ext5t t ! ,corporation      
det]m9es t su* am\nts are 9 excess (    
curr5t ne$s & ! am\nt requir$ to be held

 9 ! res]ve acc\nt pursuant to          
subsection 7d71 = inve/m5t z !          
,corporation consid]s appropriate2  7#c7
 = cov]+ ! co/s ( ! ,corporation &      
adm9i/]+ & op]at+ ! insurance program2 &
  7#d7 = cov]+ travel exp5ses ( memb]s (
 ! ,disa/] ,insurance ,advisory         
,commission e/abli%$ by section #hbf4   
7d7 ,m9imum capital requirem5t  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,! ,corporation %all at all times 
ma9ta9 am\nts 9 ! res]ve acc\nt equal to
 or 9 excess ( ! applicable m9imum      
capital level det]m9$ "u p>agraph 7#b74 
7#b7 ,e/abli%m5t ( capital levels ,!    
,corporation %all e/abli% a s]ies (     
m9imum capital levels appropriate to    
ensure suffici5t capitalization ( !     
,corporation bas$ on ! nature & ext5t ( 
! und]writ+1 inve/m5t1 & o!r risks      
assum$ by ! ,corporation4 ,! capital    
levels %all n be effective unless       
approv$ by ! ,adm9i/rator4  7e7         
,tax-,exempt /atus ,any am\nts deposit$ 
9 ! res]ve acc\nt1 includ+ income d]iv$ 
f ! inve/m5t ( am\nts "u subsection     

7c77#b71 %all be exempt f all taxation  
n[ or h]eaft] impos$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 or by any ,/ate1 c\nty1 municipality1  
or local tax+ au?ority4  #hbd4 ,borr[+  
au?ority  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,to ! ext5t t !  
am\nts 9 ! res]ve fund are insuffici5t  
to pay claims & exp5ses ( ! ,corporation
 & ma9ta9 am\nts 9 accordance ) !       
requirem5ts "u section #hbc7;d71 !      
,corporation may issue to ! ,secret>y ( 
! ,treasury notes & o!r obligations to  
cov] ! insuffici5cy4  7b7 ,t]ms ( borr[+
 ,! ,secret>y may pur*ase obligations   
issu$ "u subsection 7a7 only if !       
,presid5t det]m9es t ! f9ancial         
condition ( ! ,corporation is adequate  
to ensure repaym5t ( ! obligations4 ,su*
 obligations %all h t]ms & conditions z 
det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4   
#hbe4 ,initial f$]al contribution &     
prohibition ( additional f$]al assi/ance
  7a7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,= 
purposes ( c>ry+ out ?is title1 !re is  
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to !         
,corporation an am\nt equal to !        

diff]5ce betwe5--  7#a7 ! sum ( any     
balances rema9+1 at ! end ( ,septemb]   
#cj1 #bjai1 9 ! ,disa/] ,relief         
appropriation & ! ,disa/] ,assi/ance    
,direct ,loan ,program ,acc\nt ( !      
,f$]al ,em]g5cy ,managem5t ,ag5cy2 &    
7#b7 ! am\nts det]m9$ by ! ,adm9i/rator 
to be necess>y to res]ve f su*          
appropriation & 9 su* ,acc\nt1  =       
purposes ( provid+ assi/ance pursuant to
 any major disa/] or em]g5cy t comm5ces 
or occurs 7or is decl>$ or det]m9$ to h 
comm5c$ or occurr$7 on or be=e ,septemb]
 #cj1 #bjai4  7b7 ,prohibition ( f$]al  
assi/ance ,except z provid$ 9 subsection
 7a71 section #hjd7;e71 & section #hbd1 
no ,f$]al funds may be au?oriz$1        
appropriat$1 or us$ to fund any activity
 ( ! ,corporation4  #hbf4 ,disa/]       
insurance advisory commission  7a7      
,e/abli%m5t ,!re is h]eby e/abli%$ a    
commission to be kn[n z ! ,disa/]       
,insurance ,advisory ,commission 79 ?is 
section ref]r$ to z ! ,commission74  7b7
 ,memb]%ip  7#a7 ,appo9tm5t ,!          

,commission %all be compos$ ( #aa memb]s
 appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 9 consultation 
) ! ,adm9i/rator4 ,( ! memb]s ( !       
,commission1 n less ?an #f %all be      
individuals :o h be5 nom9at$ = su*      
appo9tm5t by ,/ates t are p>ticipants 9 
! ,corporation1 except t 7to ! ext5t    
possible7 n m ?an "o su* memb] may be   
appo9t$ to ! ,commission pursuant to !  
nom9ation ( any s+le ,/ate4 ,ea* memb] (
 ! ,commission %all h exp]i5ce or       
exp]tise 9 at lea/ "o ( ! areas describ$
 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,d7 (       
p>agraph 7#b74  7#b7 ,exp]tise ,!       
memb]%ip ( ! ,commission %all1 at all   
times1 include-- 7,a7 n less ?an #a     
individual :o has exp]i5ce or exp]tise 9
 actu>ial issues relat+ to disa/]       
insurance2  7,b7 n less ?an #a          
individual :o has exp]i5ce or exp]tise 9
 ! managem5t ( insurance companies2     
7,c7 n less ?an #a individual :o has    
exp]i5ce or exp]tise 9 ! regulation (   
insurance companies2 &  7,d7 n less ?an 
#a individual :o has exp]i5ce or        

exp]tise 9 disa/] relief4  7#c7 ,t]ms   
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* memb] ( ! ,commission
 %all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( #d ye>s1     
except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b74    
7,b7 ,initial appo9tees ,z designat$ by 
! ,presid5t at ! "t ( appo9tm5t1 ( !    
memb]s fir/ appo9t$ to ! ,commission--  
7i7 #e %all be appo9t$ = t]ms ( #f ye>s2
 &  7ii7 #f %all be appo9t$ = t]ms ( #d 
ye>s4  7#d7 ,*airp]son ,! ,presid5t %all
 designate a *airp]son ( ! ,commission f
 among memb]s appo9t$ to ! ,commission4 
7c7 ,prohibition ( pay ,memb]s ( !      
,commission %all s]ve )\t pay4  7d7     
,travel exp5ses ,ea* memb] ( !          
,commission %all receive travel exp5ses1
 includ+ p] diem 9 lieu ( subsi/5ce1 9  
accordance ) sections #egjb & #egjc (   
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 except t 
su* exp5ses %all be paid by !           
,corporation4  7e7 ,duties ,!           
,commission %all-- 7#a7 9 coord9ation ) 
! ,adm9i/rator1 assi/ ! ,corporation 9  
e/abli%+ ! t]ms & conditions ( !        
insurance program "u subtitle ,a1 review

 su* t]ms & conditions1 & approve or    
disapprove su* t]ms & conditions z      
appropriate to c>ry out ?is title2 &    
7#b7 review ! annual premium *>ges      
e/abli%$ "u section #hjd by !           
,corporation to det]m9e :e!r su* *>ges  
are e/abli%$ 9 compliance ) !           
requirem5ts ( su* section1 & if s1      
c]tify su* compliance to ! ,corporation4
  7f7 ,cont9uation ,section             
#ad7;a77#b77;,b7 ( ! ,f$]al ,advisory   
,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app42    
relat+ to ! t]m9ation ( advisory        
committees7 %all n apply to !           
,commission4  #hbg4 ,,gao audit  7a7    
,initial audit ,z soon z practicable    
aft] ,octob] #a1 #bjai1 ! ,comptroll]   
,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all audit !   
activities ( ! ,corporation & ! ,disa/] 
,insurance ,advisory ,commission        
e/abli%$ by section #hbf to ensure t su*
 entities are comply+ ) ! provisions (  
?is title4  7b7 ,successive audits ,aft]
 ! completion ( ! audit describ$ 9      
subsection 7a71 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al    

%all conduct simil> audits n less ?an   
once e #c ye>s4  7c7 ,reports ,!        
,comptroll] ,g5]al %all submit reports (
 ! audits p]=m$ "u ?is section to !     
,congress4  ,c ,g5]al ,provisions  #hea4
 ,def9itions ,= purposes ( ?is title3   
7#a7 ,bo>d ,! t]m bo>d means ! bo>d (   
directors ( ! ,corporation4  7#b7       
,corporation ,! t]m ,corporation means !
 ,national ,disa/] ,insurance           
,corporation4  7#c7 ,adm9i/rator ,! t]m 
,adm9i/rator means ! ,adm9i/rator ( !   
,f$]al ,em]g5cy ,managem5t ,ag5cy4  7#d7
 ,disa/] ,! t]m disa/] means any natural
 cata/rophe 7includ+ any hurricane1     
tornado1 /orm1 high wat]1 w9ddriv5 wat]1
 tidal wave1 tsunami1 e>?quake1 volcanic
 eruption1 l&slide1 mudslide1 sn[/orm1  
or dr\ght71 or1 reg>dless ( cause1 any  
fire1 flood1 s]i\s accid5t1 or          
explosion1 9 or affect+ any ,/ate or "p 
( a ,/ate4  7#e7 ,insurance program ,!  
t]m insurance program means ! program   
e/abli%$ "u ?is title by ! ,corporation 
= disa/] insurance cov]age4  4  ,,ii    

,,f$]al ,,program ,,= ,,reimbursable    
,,disa/] ,,relief ,,& ,,em]g5cy         
,,assi/ance  #bja4 ,f9d+s & decl>ations 
7a7 ,f9d+s ,section #aja7;a7 ( ! ,rob]t 
,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy   
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaba    
note7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ,! & ins]t+     
,f9d+s4--,recogniz+ ! importance ( r$uc+
 ! ,f$]al deficit & all[+ ! individual  
,/ates to rega9 responsibility =        
managem5t ( activities )9 _! bord]s1 !4 
7b7 ,decl>ations ,section #aja7;b7 ( !  
,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &     
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eaba note7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 ! matt]  
prec$+ p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ an 
ord]ly & all t foll[s ?r\gh _! & ins]t+ 
a me*anism :i* w all[ affect$ ,/ates to 
c>ry out _!2 &  7,b7 by /rik+ su*2  7#b7
 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#f7
 z p>agraphs 7#b7 ?r\gh 7#g71           
respectively2  7#c7 by ins]t+ be=e      
p>agraph 7#b7 7z s r$esignat$7 ! foll[+3
  7#a7 e/abli%+ a private corporation   
:i* w make available insurance to assi/ 

! ,/ates 9 meet+ _! responsibilities =  
disa/] relief2  2  7#d7 9 p>agraph 7#b7 
7z s r$esignat$7 by /rik+ & broad5+2    
7#e7 9 p>agraph 7#e7 7z s r$esignat$7 by
 /rik+ supplem5t or2 &  7#f7 9 p>agraph 
7#g7 7z s r$esignat$7 by ins]t+         
reimbursable be=e assi/ance4  #bjb4     
,waiv] ( adm9i/rative conditions        
,section #cja ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d     
,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eada7 is am5d$ by  
/rik+ ,any & ins]t+ ,except z o!rwise   
provid$ 9 ?is title1 any4  #bjc4        
,em]g5cy support teams ,section #cjc7;a7
 ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &
 ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4
 #eadd7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ on ei!r & 
all t foll[s ?r\gh ,presid5t14  #bjd4   
,reimbursem5t ,section #cjd ( ! ,rob]t  
,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy   
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eadg7 is
 am5d$ by /rik+ ! fir/ s5t5ce & ins]t+ !
 foll[+3 ,f$]al ag5cies %all be         
reimburs$ = exp5ditures made "u ?is ,act
 ) respect to a major disa/] or em]g5cy 

by ! ,/ate or ,/ates affect$ by ! disa/]
 or em]g5cy44  #bje4 ,p]=mance ( s]vices
 ,section #cjf ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d    
,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eadi7 is am5d$--   
7#a7 9 subsection 7b7 by /rik+ ,9 p]=m+ 
any s]vices "u ?is ,act1 & ins]t+       
,subject to subsection 7c71 9 p]=m+ any 
s]vices "u ?is ,act ) respect to a major
 disa/] or em]g5cy2 &  7#b7 by add+ at !
 end ! foll[+3  7c7 ,reimbursem5t       
agreem5t ,a ,f$]al ag5cy may only incur 
co/s ) respect to comp5sation1          
employm5t1 or obligations "u subsection 
7b7 9 connection ) a disa/] or em]g5cy  
if ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t has ent]$ into an 
agreem5t ) ! ,/ate or ,/ates affect$ by 
! major disa/] or em]g5cy = reimbursem5t
 ( all su* co/s4  4  #bjf4 ,reimbursem5t
 agreem5ts & conditions ,section #caa ( 
! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &   
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eaed7 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3  #caa4
 ,reimbursem5t agreem5ts & conditions   
7a7 ,repaym5t ,assi/ance may only be    

provid$ "u ?is ,act ) respect to damage 
caus$ by a major disa/] or em]g5cy )9 ! 
bord]s ( a ,/ate if a ,/ate has agre$ to
 reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses
 incurr$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 provid+   
su* assi/ance4 ,su* assi/ance1 includ+ a
 loan or advance made "u section #cai1  
%all be repaid to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7b7 
,int]e/ ,assi/ance provid$ "u ?is ,act )
 respect to :i* a ,/ate agrees to       
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ su* assi/ance1 includ+
 loans & advances made "u ?is ,act1 %all
 be> int]e/ at a rate det]m9$ by !      
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 tak+ into      
consid]ation ! curr5t m>ket yields on   
out/&+ m>ketable obligations ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ) rema9+ p]iods ( maturity       
comp>able to ! reimbursem5t p]iod ( !   
reimbursable assi/ance provid$4  7c7    
,regulations ,! ,presid5t %all issue    
regulations describ+ ! t]ms & conditions
 "u :i* any reimbursable assi/ance1     
loan1 or advance au?oriz$ by ?is ,act   
may be provid$4  4  #bjg4 ,treatm5t (   

assi/ance ,section #cab ( ! ,rob]t ,t4  
,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy       
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaee7 is
 am5d$ to read z foll[s3  #cab4         
,treatm5t ( assi/ance ,f$]al major      
disa/] & em]g5cy assi/ance provid$ to   
individuals & families "u ?is ,act1 &   
comp>able disa/] assi/ance provid$ by   
,/ates1 local gov]nm5ts1 & disa/]       
assi/ance organizations1 %all n be      
consid]$ z income or a res\rce :5       
det]m9+ eligibility = or b5efit levels  
"u f$]ally fund$ income assi/ance or    
res\rce-te/$ b5efit programs4  4  #bjh4 
,liability ,section #cag ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 
,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy       
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eafj7 is
 repeal$4  #bji4 ,advance ( ,/ate       
exp5ditures ,section #cai ( ! ,rob]t ,t4
 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy      
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eafb7 is
 am5d$ to read z foll[s3  #cai4 ,advance
 ( ,/ate exp5ditures ,! ,presid5t may   
l5d or advance to a ,/ate assi/ance =   
:i* ! ,/ate is responsible "u section   

#djc ( ?is ,act 9 any case 9 :i* !      
,presid5t det]m9es t--  7#a7 ! damages  
caus$ by a major disa/] are s ov]:elm+ &
 sev]e t x is n possible = ! ,/ate to   
assume imm$iately its f9ancial          
responsibility "u ?is ,act2 &  7#b7 !   
,/ate has ! ability to repay any su*    
loans or advances4  4  #baj4 ,proc$ure =
 decl>ation ( major disa/] ,section     
#dja7;a7 ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/]  
,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #eagj7;a77 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 
! second s5t5ce by ins]t+ reimbursable  
aft] ,f$]al2  7#b7 9 ! ?ird s5t5ce by   
ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod at ! end & %all ent]
 into an agreem5t to reimburse ! ,unit$ 
,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+  
assi/ance "u ?is ,act ) respect to !    
disa/]2 &  7#c7 9 ! f\r? s5t5ce by /rik+
 co/-%>+4  #baa4 ,g5]al ,f$]al disa/]   
assi/ance ,section #djb ( ! ,rob]t ,t4  
,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy       
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eagj;a7 
is am5d$--  7#a7 by /rik+ ,9 & ins]t+   
7a7 ,g5]al au?ority4--,subject to       

subsection 7b71 92  7#b7 by /rik+ 1 ) or
 )\t reimbursem5t12 &  7#c7 by add+ at !
 end ! foll[+3  7b7 ,reimbursem5t       
agreem5t ,assi/ance may only be provid$ 
"u ?is section if ! affect$ ,/ate agrees
 to reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all     
exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+ su* assi/ance4
  4  #bab4 ,ess5tial disa/] assi/ance   
,section #djc ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d     
,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eagj;b7 is am5d$-- 
7#a7 9 subsection 7a7 by /rik+ ,f$]al   
ag5cies & ins]t+ ,subject to subsection 
7b71 ,f$]al ag5cies2  7#b7 by /rik+     
subsection 7b7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7b7  
,reimbursem5t agreem5t ,assi/ance may   
only be provid$ "u ?is section if !     
affect$ ,/ate agrees to reimburse !     
,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9   
provid+ su* assi/ance4  2 &  7#c7 9     
subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#c7 by
 /rik+ out ( funds made available to    
c>ry out ?is ,act & ins]t+ by ! ,/ate2  
7,b7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#d72  7,c7 by   
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#e7 & 7#f7 z      

p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#e71 respectively2 &  
7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#d7 7z s r$esignat$7 by
 /rik+ ,n lat] ?an & all t foll[s ?r\gh 
#aihh1 ! & ins]t+ ,!4  #bac4 ,haz>d     
mitigation ,section #djd ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 
,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy       
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eagj;c7 
is repeal$4  #bad4 ,repair1 re/oration1 
& replacem5t ( damag$ facilities        
,section #djf ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d     
,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eagb7 is am5d$ to  
read z foll[s3  #djf4 ,repair1          
re/oration1 & replacem5t ( damag$       
facilities ,! ,presid5t may provide     
assi/ance to a ,/ate-- 7#a7 = ! repair1 
re/oration1 recon/ruction1 or replacem5t
 ( a public facility :i* is damag$ or   
de/roy$ by a major disa/] & = associat$ 
exp5ses incurr$ by ! ,/ate or a local   
gov]nm5t !re(2 or  7#b7 = ! repair1     
re/oration1 recon/ruction1 or replacem5t
 ( a private nonpr(it facility damag$ or
 de/roy$ by a major disa/] & = associat$
 exp5ses incurr$ by ! own] or op]ator ( 

su* facility1  if ! ,/ate agrees to     
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ su* assi/ance4 4      
#bae4 ,debris removal ,section #djg ( ! 
,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &     
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eagc7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection    
7a7-- 7,a7 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph    
7#a7 by /rik+ public int]e/1 & ins]t+   
public int]e/ & if ! ,/ate agrees to    
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ assi/ance "u ?is      
subsection12 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7 by 
/rik+ make grants & all t foll[s ?r\gh  
facility & ins]t+ provide assi/ance to  
any ,/ate2  7#b7 9 subsection 7b7 by    
/rik+ or local gov]nm5t2 &  7#c7 by     
/rik+ subsection 7d74  #baf4 ,tempor>y  
h\s+ assi/ance ,section #djh ( ! ,rob]t 
,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy   
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eagd7 is
 am5d$ to read z foll[s3  #djh4         
,tempor>y h\s+ assi/ance  7a7 ,provision
 ( tempor>y h\s+ ,! ,presid5t may       
provide assi/ance to a ,/ate = !        

provision ( tempor>y h\s+ 7includ+      
unoccupi$ habitable dwell+s71 suitable  
r5tal h\s+1 mobile homes1 or o!r readily
 fabricat$ dwell+s to p]sons :o1 z a    
result ( a major disa/]1 require        
tempor>y h\s+ if ! ,/ate agrees to      
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ su* assi/ance4  7b7   
,mobile home site  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any   
mobile home or o!r readily fabricat$    
dwell+ provid$ "u ?is section %all :5ev]
 possible be locat$ on a site :i*--     
7,a7 is provid$ by ! ,/ate or a local   
gov]nm5t2 &  7,b7 has utilities provid$ 
by ! ,/ate or a local gov]nm5t1 by !    
own] ( ! site1 or by ! occupant :o 0    
displac$ by ! major disa/]4  7#b7 ,o!r  
sites ,mobile homes & o!r readily       
fabricat$ dwell+s may be locat$ on sites
 provid$ by ! ,presid5t if ! ,presid5t  
det]m9es t su* sites w\ld be m          
economical or accessible ?an sites      
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a74  4  #bag4     
,unemploym5t assi/ance ,section #daj ( !
 ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &    

,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eagg7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection 7a7
 by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod at ! end &      
ensure t ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be reimburs$ 
by ! ,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9     
provid+ assi/ance "u ?is subsection2 &  
7#b7 9 subsection 7b77#b7 by ins]t+ be=e
 ! p]iod at ! end if ! ,/ate agrees to  
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ su* assi/ance4  #bah4 
,crisis c\nsel+ assi/ance & tra9+       
,section #daf ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d     
,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eahc7 is am5d$--   
7#a7 by /rik+ or local ag5cies or       
private m5tal heal? organizations to    
provide & ins]t+ ag5cies to provide 7or 
to contract ) local ag5cies or private  
m5tal heal? organizations = ! provision 
(72 &  7#b7 by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod at ! 
end if ! ,/ate agrees to reimburse !    
,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9   
provid+ su* s]vices & assi/ance4  #bai4 
,community disa/] loans ,section #dag ( 
! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &   

,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eahd7 is repeal$4  #bbj4 ,em]g5cy      
communications ,section #dah ( ! ,rob]t 
,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy   
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eahe7 is
 am5d$ by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod at ! end  
if ! ,/ate agrees to reimburse ! ,unit$ 
,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+  
assi/ance "u ?is section4  #bba4        
,em]g5cy public transportation ,section 
#dai ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/]      
,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #eahf7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ be=e
 ! p]iod at ! end if ! ,/ate agrees to  
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ assi/ance "u ?is      
section4  #bbb4 ,fire suppression       
,section #dbj7;a7 ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d 
,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy ,assi/ance   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eahg7;a77 is       
am5d$--  7#a7 by /rik+ includ+ grants12 
&  7#b7 by ins]t+ be=e ! p]iod at ! end 
if ! ,/ate agrees to reimburse ! ,unit$ 
,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+  
assi/ance "u ?is section4  #bbc4 ,timb] 

sale contracts ,section #dba7;d7 ( !    
,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &     
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eahh7;d77 is am5d$--  7#a7 by /rik+    
make grants to any ,/ate or local       
gov]nm5t & ins]t+ provide f9ancial      
assi/ance to any ,/ate2  7#b7 by ins]t+ 
aft] major disa/] ! foll[+3 if ! ,/ate  
agrees to reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates =   
all exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+ su*       
assi/ance2  7#c7 by /rik+ or local      
gov]nm5t is & ins]t+ is2 &  7#d7 by     
/rik+ su* grants & ins]t+ assi/ance4    
#bbd4 ,simplifi$ proc$ure ,section #dbb 
( ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & 
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eahi7 is repeal$4  #bbe4 ,appeals (    
assi/ance decisions ,section #dbc ( !   
,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &     
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eahi;a7 is repeal$4  #bbf4 ,proc$ure = 
decl>ation ,section #eja ( ! ,rob]t ,t4 
,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy       
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaia7 is
 am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7  

by ins]t+ reimbursable aft] ,f$]al !    
fir/ place x appe>s2 &  7,b7 by ins]t+ &
 %all ent] into an agreem5t to reimburse
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses incurr$ 9
 provid+ assi/ance "u ?is ,act ) respect
 to ! em]g5cy be=e ! p]iod at ! end ( ! 
?ird s5t5ce2 &  7#b7 9 subsection 7b7 by
 /rik+ or section #ejc4  #bbg4 ,f$]al   
em]g5cy assi/ance ,section #ejb ( !     
,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &     
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eaib7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection    
7a7-- 7,a7 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph    
7#a7 by /rik+ ,9 & ins]t+ ,subject to   
subsection 7d71 92 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph   
7#a7 by /rik+ 1 ) or )\t reimbursem5t12 
7#b7 9 subsection 7b7 by /rik+ ,:5ev] & 
ins]t+ ,subject to subsection 7d71      
:5ev]2 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! end !       
foll[+3  7d7 ,reimbursem5t agreem5t     
,assi/ance may only be provid$ "u ?is   
section if ! affect$ ,/ate agrees to    
reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all exp5ses 
incurr$ 9 provid+ su* assi/ance4  4     
#bbh4 ,am\nt ( assi/ance ,section #ejc (

 ! ,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &  
,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eaic7 is repeal$4  #bbi4 ,applicability
  7a7 ,effective date ( am5dm5ts ,!     
am5dm5ts "u ?is title %all be made on   
,octob] #a1 #bjai1 & %all apply on &    
aft] su* date1 except to ! ext5t provid$
 9 subsection 7b74  7b7 ,inapplicability
 to disa/]s decl>$ be=e effective date  
,! provisions ( law am5d$ by ?is title1 
z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ref]r$  
to 9 subsection 7a71 %all cont9ue to    
apply ) respect to any major disa/] or  
em]g5cy t comm5ces or occurs 7or is     
decl>$ or det]m9$ to h comm5c$ or       
occurr$7 be=e ! date ref]r$ 9 subsection
 7a74  ,,iii ,,f$]al-,,aid ,,highways   
#cja4 ,national /&>d = ,/ate            
p>ticipation 9 disa/] insurance program 
7a7 ,)hold+ ( apportionm5ts =           
noncompliance ,*apt] #a ( title #bc1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #aga4 ,national /&>d =
 ,/ate p>ticipation 9 disa/] insurance  
program  7a7 ,)hold+ ( apportionm5ts =  

noncompliance ,! ,secret>y %all )hold an
 am\nt equal to #aj p]c5t ( ! am\nt     
requir$ to be apportion$ to a ,/ate "u  
ea* ( p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 ( section   
#ajd7;b7 on ,octob] #a1 #bjba1 & on     
,octob] #a ( ea* fiscal ye> !reaft]1 if 
! ,/ate does n meet ! requirem5t (      
subsection 7b7 on t date4  7b7          
,requirem5t ,a ,/ate meets ! requirem5t 
( ?is subsection if ! ,/ate is a        
p>ticipant 9 ! ,national ,disa/]        
,insurance ,corporation1 z det]m9$      
pursuant to section #hba7;d7 ( ! ,rob]t 
,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief & ,em]g5cy   
,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaba et 
seq474  7c7 ,effect ( noncompliance ,no 
funds )held "u ?is section f            
apportionm5t to a ,/ate %all be         
available = apportionm5t to ! ,/ate4  4 
7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! analysis = *apt]
 #a ( title #bc1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is
 am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #aga4
 ,national /&>d = ,/ate p>ticipation 9  
disa/] insurance program4  4  #cjb4     
,em]g5cy relief program = repair (      

highways  7a7 ,condition on receipt (   
assi/ance ,section #abe ( title #bc1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  7h7 ,reimbursem5t     
agreem5ts ,assi/ance may only be provid$
 to a ,/ate "u ?is section if ! ,/ate   
agrees to reimburse ! ,unit$ ,/ates =   
all exp5ses incurr$ 9 provid+ su*       
assi/ance4 ,!re are h]eby appropriat$ to
 ! ,highway ,tru/ ,fund am\nts equival5t
 to reimbursem5ts receiv$ pursuant to   
?is subsection4  4  7b7 ,effective date 
,! am5dm5t "u subsection 7a7 %all be    
made on ,octob] #a1 #bjai1 & %all apply 
on & aft] su* date1 except to ! ext5t   
provid$ 9 subsection 7c74  7c7          
,inapplicability to disa/]s & em]g5cies 
decl>$ be=e effective date ,section #abe
 ( title #bc1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z 9  
effect on ! day be=e ! date ref]r$ to 9 
subsection 7b71 %all cont9ue to apply ) 
respect to any disa/] or em]g5cy t      
comm5ces or occurs 7or is decl>$ or     
det]m9$ to h comm5c$ or occurr$7 be=e ! 
date ref]r$ 9 subsection 7b74