,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cide  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #d1 #bjag,mr4 
,jeffries 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,m>9o1 ,mr4  
,coll9s ( ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,texas1
 ,ms4 ,judy ,*u ( ,cali=nia1 & ,mr4 ,t$ 
,lieu ( ,cali=nia7 introduc$ ! foll[+   
bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! 
,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d title    
#ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to e/abli% an 
alt]native dispute resolution program = 
copyright small claims1 & = o!r         
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,copyright ,alt]native 9   
,small-,claims ,en=cem5t ,act ( #bjag or
 ! ,,case ,act ( #bjag4  #b4 ,copyright 
small claims  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,title #ag1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+ new *apt]3  #ad         
,copyright small claims  ,sec4#adja4    
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4#adjb4         
,au?ority & responsibilities ( !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4#adjc4 ,nature 
( proce$+s4#adjd4 ,regi/ration          
requirem5t4#adje4 ,conduct (            

proce$+s4#adjf4 ,effect ( proce$+4#adjg4
 ,review & confirmation by di/rict      
c\rt4#adjh4 ,relation%ip to o!r di/rict 
c\rt actions4#adji4 ,implem5tation by   
,copyright ,(fice4#adaj4 ,fund+4#adaa4  
,def9itions4  #adja4 ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re is h]eby       
e/abli%$ 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,copyright ,(fice a 
copyright small claims program 7h]e9aft]
 ref]r$ to z ! ,copyright ,claims       
,bo>d71 :i* %all s]ve z an alt]native   
=um 9 :i* p>ties may volunt>ily seek to 
resolve c]ta9 copyright claims1 reg>d+  
any category ( copyright$ "w1 z fur!r   
provid$ 9 ?is *apt]4  7b7 ,(fic]s & /aff
  7#a7 ,copyright claims (fic]s ,^u     
recomm5dation ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1
 :o %all id5tify qualifi$ c&idates1 !   
,libr>ian ( ,congress %all appo9t #c    
full-"t ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s to   
s]ve on ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4     
7#b7 ,copyright claims attorneys ,!     
,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all hire no few] 
?an #b full-"t ,copyright ,claims       
,attorneys to assi/ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( !

 ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7#c7        
,qualifications  7,a7 ,copyright claims 
(fic]s ,ea* ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]   
%all be an attorney ) no less ?an #g    
ye>s ( legal exp]i5ce4 ,two ( !         
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s %all h       
sub/antial exp]i5ce 9 ! evaluation1     
litigation1 or adjudication ( copyright 
infr+em5t claims &1 betwe5 !m1 %all h   
repres5t$ or presid$ ov] a div]sity (   
copyright int]e/s1 includ+ ^? ( bo?     
own]s & us]s ( copyright$ works4 ,! ?ird
 ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] %all h       
sub/antial famili>ity ) copyright law & 
exp]i5ce 9 ! field ( alt]native dispute 
resolution1 includ+ ! resolution (      
litigation matt]s ?r\gh su* means4  7,b7
 ,copyright claims attorneys ,ea*       
,copyright ,claims ,attorney %all be an 
attorney ) no less ?an #c ye>s (        
sub/antial exp]i5ce 9 copyright law4    
7#d7 ,comp5sation ,ea* ,copyright       
,claims ,(fic] %all be comp5sat$ at n   
less ?an ! m9imum & n m ?an ! maximum   
rate ( pay = ,,sl employees 7or !       

equival5t7 ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 includ+
 locality pay1 z applicable4 ,ea*       
,copyright ,claims ,attorney %all be    
comp5sat$ at n m ?an ! maximum          
p]missible pay = level #aj ( ,,gs-#ae ( 
! ,g5]al ,s*$ule 7or ! equival5t71      
includ+ locality pay1 z applicable4     
7#e7 ,t]m ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s    
%all s]ve = #f-ye> t]ms t are r5ewable  
by ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress ^u           
recomm5dation ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights3
 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t ! t]ms = ! initial 
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s appo9t$      
h]eund] %all be z foll[s3 "o ,copyright 
,claims ,(fic] %all be appo9t$ = #d     
ye>s1 ! second %all be appo9t$ = #e     
ye>s1 & ! ?ird %all be appo9t$ = #f     
ye>s4  7#f7 ,vacancies & incapacity     
7,a7 ,vacancy ,if a vacancy %all occur 9
 ! position ( ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]1
 ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress %all1 ^u       
recomm5dation ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1
 :o %all id5tify qualifi$ c&idates1 act 
exp$iti\sly to appo9t a ,copyright      
,claims ,(fic] = t position4 ,an        

individual appo9t$ to fill a vacancy    
occurr+ be=e ! expiration ( ! t]m = :i* 
8 or h] pr$ecessor 0 appo9t$ %all be    
appo9t$ to s]ve = a #f-ye> t]m4  7,b7   
,incapacity ,if a ,copyright ,claims    
,(fic] is tempor>ily unable to p]=m 8 or
 h] duties1 ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress     
%all1 ^u recomm5dation ( ! ,regi/] (    
,copyrights1 :o %all id5tify qualifi$   
c&idates1 act exp$iti\sly to appo9t an  
int]im ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] to p]=m
 su* duties dur+ ! p]iod ( su*          
incapacity4  7#g7 ,sup]vision & removal 
,subject to section #adjb7;b71 !        
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s %all be      
sup]vis$ & removable by ! ,libr>ian (   
,congress4  7#h7 ,adm9i/rative support  
,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all provide ! 
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s & ,copyright 
,claims ,attorneys ) necess>y           
adm9i/rative support1 includ+           
te*nological facilities1 to c>ry out _! 
duties "u ?is *apt]4  7#i7 ,location (  
copyright claims bo>d ,! (fices &       
facilities ( ! ,copyright ,claims       

,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims ,attorneys 
%all be locat$ at ! ,copyright ,(fice4  
#adjb4 ,au?ority & responsibilities ( ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  7a7 ,functions
  7#a7 ,copyright claims (fic]s ,subject
 to ! provisions ( ?is *apt] &          
applicable regulations1 ! functions ( ! 
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s %all be z    
foll[s3  7,a7 ,to r5d] det]m9ations on  
su* civil copyright claims1 c\nt]claims1
 & def5ses z are p]mitt$ to be br\ght   
be=e !m "u ?is *apt]4  7,b7 ,to ensure t
 claims1 c\nt]claims1 & def5ses are     
prop]ly ass]t$ & o!rwise appropriate =  
resolution by ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d4  7,c7 ,to manage ! proce$+s be=e 
!m & r5d] rul+s p]ta9+ to ! consid]ation
 ( claims1 c\nt]claims1 & def5ses1      
includ+ s*$ul+1 discov]y1 evid5ti>y1 &  
o!r matt]s4  7,d7 ,to reque/ !          
production ( in=mation & docum5ts       
relevant to ! resolution ( a claim1     
c\nt]claim1 or def5se f p>ticipants 9 a 
proce$+ & f nonp>ticipants4  7,e7 ,to   
conduct he>+s & conf]5ces4  7,f7 ,to    

facilitate p>ties' settlem5t ( claims & 
c\nt]claims4  7,g7 ,to aw>d monet>y     
relief & also to include 9 its          
det]m9ations a requirem5t ( cessation or
 mitigation ( infr++ activity1 includ+  
tak$[n or de/ruction ( infr++ mat]ials1 
:]e ! p>ty to und]take su* measures has 
s agre$4  7,h7 ,to provide in=mation to 
! public conc]n+ ! proc$ures &          
requirem5ts ( ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d4  7,i7 ,to ma9ta9 records ( !     
proce$+s be=e !m1 c]tify (ficial records
 ( su* proce$+s z ne$$1 & make ! records
 9 su* proce$+s available to ! public 9 
accordance ) law4  7,j7 ,to c>ry out su*
 o!r duties z are prescrib$ 9 ?is *apt]4
  7,k7 ,:5 n engag$ 9 p]=m+ _! duties z 
prescrib$ 9 ?is *apt]1 to p]=m su* o!r  
duties z may be assign$ by ! ,regi/] (  
,copyrights4  7#b7 ,copyright claims    
attorneys ,subject to ! provisions ( ?is
 *apt] & applicable regulations1 !      
functions ( ! ,copyright ,claims        
,attorneys %all be z foll[s3  7,a7 ,to  
provide assi/ance to ! ,copyright       

,claims ,(fic]s 9 ! adm9i/ration ( _!   
duties "u ?is *apt]4  7,b7 ,to provide  
assi/ance to memb]s ( ! public ) respect
 to ! proc$ures & requirem5ts ( !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7,c7 ,:5 n   
engag$ 9 p]=m+ _! duties z prescrib$ 9  
?is *apt]1 to p]=m su* o!r duties z may 
be assign$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  
7b7 ,indep5d5ce 9 det]m9ations ,!       
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s %all r5d] _! 
det]m9ations 9 individual proce$+s      
indep5d5tly on ! basis ( ! records 9 !  
proce$+s be=e !m & 9 accordance ) !     
provisions ( ?is title1 judicial        
prec$5t1 & applicable regulations ( !   
,regi/] ( ,copyrights4 ,! ,copyright    
,claims ,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims    
,attorneys may consult ) ! ,regi/] (    
,copyrights on g5]al issues ( law1 b1   
subject to section #adje7w71 n ) respect
 to ! facts ( any p>ticul> matt] p5d+   
be=e !m or ! application ( law !reto4   
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law or any 
regulation or policy ( ! ,libr>y (      
,congress or ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 no  

p]=mance appraisal ( a ,copyright       
,claims ,(fic] or ,copyright ,claims    
,attorney %all consid] ! sub/antive     
result ( any individual det]m9ation     
rea*$ by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d z a 
basis = appraisal except ins(> z x may  
relate to any actual or alleg$ violation
 ( an e?ical /&>d ( conduct4  7c7       
,direction by regi/] ,subject to        
subsection 7b71 ! ,copyright ,claims    
,(fic]s & ,copyright ,claims ,attorneys 
%all be g5]ally direct$ 9 ! adm9i/ration
 ( _! duties by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights4
  7d7 ,inconsi/5t duties b>r$ ,no       
,copyright ,claims ,(fic] or ,copyright 
,claims ,attorney may und]take duties t 
conflict ) 8 or h] duties or            
responsibilities 9 connection ) !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7e7 ,recusal 
,a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] or         
,copyright ,claims ,attorney %all recuse
 himself or h]self f p>ticipation 9 any 
proce$+ ) respect to :i* ! ,copyright   
,claims ,(fic] or ,copyright ,claims    
,attorney has reason to believe t he or 

%e has a conflict ( int]e/4  7f7 ,ex    
p>te communications ,except z may       
o!rwise be p]mitt$ by applicable law1   
any p>ty to a proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d %all refra9 f ex p>te     
communications ) ! ,copyright ,claims   
,(fic]s conc]n+ ! sub/ance ( any proce$+
 be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7g7  
,judicial review ,actions ( ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,(fic]s & ,regi/] ( ,copyrights
 "u ?is *apt] 9 connection ) ! r5d]+ (  
individual det]m9ations are subject to  
judicial review z provid$ "u section    
#adjg7;c71 & n "u *apt] #g ( title #e1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  #adjc4 ,nature (  
proce$+s  7a7 ,volunt>y p>ticipation    
,p>ticipation 9 a ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d proce$+ %all be on a volunt>y     
basis 9 accordance ) ?is *apt]1 & ! "r (
 any p>ty to in/ead pursue a claim1     
c\nt]claim or def5se 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates  
di/rict c\rt or any o!r c\rt1 & to seek 
a jury trial1 %all be pres]v$4  7b7     
,/atute ( limitations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no
 proce$+ %all be ma9ta9$ be=e !         

,copyright ,claims ,bo>d unless x is    
comm5c$ 9 accordance ) section #adje7;e7
 be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d )9 ?ree
 ye>s aft] ! claim t is ! basis = !     
proce$+ accru$4  7#b7 ,toll+ ,subject to
 section #adjf7;a71 a proce$+ comm5c$   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all    
toll ! "t p]mitt$ "u section #ejg7;b7 ( 
?is title = comm5cem5t ( an action on ! 
same claim 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict    
c\rt dur+ ! "t x rema9s p5d+4  7c7      
,p]missible claims1 c\nt]claims &       
def5ses ,! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s   
may r5d] det]m9ations ) respect to !    
foll[+ claims1 c\nt]claims & def5ses1   
subject to su* fur!r limitations &      
requirem5ts1 includ+ ) respect to       
p>ticul> classes ( works1 z may be set  
=? 9 regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (
 ,copyrights3  7#a7 ,a claim = infr+em5t
 ( an exclusive "r ( copyright provid$  
"u section #ajf ( ?is title1 ass]t$ by !
 legal or b5eficial own] ( su* exclusive
 "r at ! "t ( infr+em5t pursuant to :i* 
! claimant seeks damages1 if any1 )9 !  

limitations set =? 9 subsection 7e77#a74
  7#b7 ,a claim = a decl>ation (        
non9fr+em5t ( an exclusive "r (         
copyright provid$ "u section #ajf ( ?is 
title1 :]e an actual controv]sy exi/s z 
evid5c$ by a writt5 communication       
indicat+ t legal action aga9/ ! claimant
 is imm95t due to specifically alleg$   
infr++ conduct4  7#c7 ,not)/&+ any o!r  
provision ( law1 a claim pursuant to    
section #eab7;f7 ( ?is title =          
misrepres5tation 9 connection ) a       
notification ( claim$ infr+em5t or a    
c\nt] notification seek+ to replace     
remov$ or disabl$ mat]ial3 ,provid$1    
h[ev]1 ,t any rem$ies 9 su* a proce$+   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all be 
limit$ to ^? available "u ?is *apt]4    
7#d7 ,a c\nt]claim ass]t$ solely aga9/ !
 claimant or claimants 9 a proce$+      
pursuant to :i* ! c\nt]claimant or      
c\nt]claimants seek damages1 if any1 )9 
! limitations set =? 9 subsection       
7e77#a71 & t--  7,a7 arises "u section  
#ajf or section #eab7;f7 ( ?is title1 & 

out ( ! same transaction or occurr5ce t 
is ! subject ( a claim ( infr+em5t      
br\ght "u p>agraph 7#a71 a claim (      
non9fr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph 7#b71 or 
a claim ( misrepres5tation br\ght "u    
p>agraph 7#c72 or  7,b7 arises "u an    
agreem5t p]ta9+ to ! same transaction or
 occurr5ce t is ! subject ( a claim (   
infr+em5t br\ght "u p>agraph 7#a7 & c\ld
 affect ! relief aw>d$ to ! claimant4   
7#e7 ,a legal or equitable def5se1      
pursuant to ?is title or o!rwise        
available "u law1 9 response to a claim 
or c\nt]claim ass]t$ "u ?is subsection4 
7#f7 ,a s+le claim or multiple claims   
p]mitt$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 7#b71 or 7#c7 
by "o or m claimants aga9/ "o or m      
respond5ts3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t all     
claims ass]t$ 9 any "o proce$+ arise out
 ( ! same alleg$ly infr++ activity or   
cont9u\s c\rse ( infr++ activities & d n
 9 ! aggregate result 9 a claim =       
damages 9 excess ( ! limitation provid$ 
9 subsection 7e77#a77;,d74  7d7 ,exclud$
 claims ,! foll[+ claims & c\nt]claims  

are n subject to det]m9ation by !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d3  7#a7 ,a claim
 or c\nt]claim t is n a p]missible claim
 or c\nt]claim "u subsection 7c74  7#b7 
,a claim or c\nt]claim t has be5 f9ally 
adjudicat$ by a c\rt ( compet5t         
jurisdiction or t is already p5d+ be=e a
 c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction1 unless   
su* c\rt has issu$ a /ay to p]mit su*   
claim or c\nt]claim to proce$ be=e !    
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7#c7 ,a claim
 or c\nt]claim by or aga9/ a ,f$]al or  
,/ate gov]nm5t entity4  7#d7 ,a claim or
 c\nt]claim ass]t$ aga9/ a p]son or     
entity resid+ outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4
  7#e7 ,a claim or c\nt]claim dismiss$  
by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d pursuant  
to section #adje7;f77#c74  7e7          
,p]missible rem$ies  7#a7 ,monet>y      
recov]y  7,a7 ,actual damages1 pr(its1 &
 limit$ /atutory damages ,subject to !  
limitation on total monet>y recov]y set 
=? 9 subp>agraph 7,d71 ) respect to a   
claim or c\nt]claim = infr+em5t (       
copyright1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d   

may aw>d--  7i7 actual damages & pr(its 
det]m9$ 9 accordance ) section #ejd7;b7 
( ?is title1 :i* det]m9ation %all       
include 9 appropriate cases consid]ation
 ( :e!r ! infr++ p>ty has agre$ to cease
 or mitigate ! infr++ activity z provid$
 9 p>agraph 7#b72 or  7ii7 limit$       
/atutory damages1 :i* %all be det]m9$ 9 
accordance ) section #ejd7;c7 ( ?is     
title1 subject to ! foll[+ conditions3  
7,i7 ,) respect to works timely regi/]$ 
"u section #dab ( ?is title1 su* t !y   
are eligible = an aw>d ( /atutory       
damages "u t section1 su* limit$        
/atutory damages %all n exce$ #ae1jjj p]
 "w infr+$4  7,,ii7 ,) respect to works 
n timely regi/]$ "u section #dab ( ?is  
title1 b eligible = an aw>d ( /atutory  
damages "u ?is section1 limit$ /atutory 
damages %all n exce$ #g1ejj p] "w       
infr+$1 or a total ( #ae1jjj 9 any "o   
proce$+4  7,,iii7 ,! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d %all n make any f9d+ or consid]   
:e!r ! infr+em5t 0 committ$ willfully 9 
mak+ an aw>d ( limit$ /atutory damages4 

7,,iv7 ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may  
consid] z an additional factor 9 aw>d+  
limit$ /atutory damages :e!r ! infr+]   
has agre$ to cease or mitigate ! infr++ 
activity z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b74     
7,b7 ,election ( damages ,) respect to a
 claim or c\nt]claim ( infr+em5t1 !     
claimant or c\nt]claimant %all aft] !   
close ( discov]y & 9 accordance ) !     
s*$ule e/abli%$ by ! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d pursuant to section #adje7;j7     
elect to pursue ei!r actual damages &   
pr(its or limit$ /atutory damages z     
provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  7,c7 ,o!r  
damages ,damages = claims & c\nt]claims 
o!r ?an infr+em5t claims %all be aw>d$ 9
 accordance ) applicable law & %all be  
subject to ! limitation set =? 9        
subp>agraph 7,d74  7,d7 ,limitation on  
total monet>y recov]y ,not)/&+ any o!r  
provision ( law1 a p>ty :o pursues any  
"o or m claims or c\nt]claims 9 any s+le
 proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 may n seek or recov] 9 su* proce$+ a   
total monet>y recov]y t exce$s ! sum (  

#cj1jjj1 exclusive ( any attorneys' fees
 & co/s t may be aw>d$ "u section       
#adje7x77#b74  7#b7 ,agreem5t to cease  
infr++ activity ,9 any proce$+ :]e a    
p>ty agrees to cease activity t is f\nd 
to be infr++1 includ+ removal or disabl+
 ( access to1 or de/ruction (1 infr++   
mat]ials1 & su* agreem5t is reflect$ 9 !
 record1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all
 include 9 its det]m9ation a requirem5t 
t su* p>ty cease 8 or h] infr++ conduct4
  7#c7 ,attorneys' fees & co/s ,not)/&+ 
any o!r provision ( law1 except 9 ! case
 ( bad fai? conduct z provid$ 9 section 
#adje7x77#b71 ! p>ties to proce$+s be=e 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all be> _!  
own attorneys' fees & co/s4  7f7 ,jo9t &
 sev]al liability ,p>ties to a proce$+  
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may be  
f\nd jo9tly & sev]ally liable if all su*
 p>ties & relevant claims or c\nt]claims
 arise f ! same activity or activities4 
#adjd4 ,regi/ration requirem5t  7a7     
,application or c]tificate ,no claim or 
c\nt]claim alleg+ infr+em5t ( an        

exclusive "r ( copyright may be ass]t$  
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d unless !
 own] ( ! copyright has fir/ deliv]$ a  
complet$ application1 deposit & !       
requir$ fee = regi/ration to !          
,copyright ,(fice & ei!r a regi/ration  
c]tificate has be5 issu$ or has n be5   
refus$4  7b7 ,c]tificate ( regi/ration  
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 a     
claimant or c\nt]claimant 9 a proce$+   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all be 
eligible to recov] actual damages &     
pr(its or limit$ /atutory damages =     
infr+em5t ( a "w "u ?is *apt] if !      
requirem5ts ( subsection 7a7 h be5 met3 
,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t--  7#a7 ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d %all n r5d] a det]m9ation
 9 ! proce$+ until a regi/ration        
c]tificate has be5 issu$ by ! ,copyright
 ,(fice1 submitt$ to ! ,copyright       
,claims ,bo>d & made available to ! o!r 
p>ties to ! proce$+1 & ! o!r p>ties h   
be5 provid$ an opportunity to address x2
  7#b7 if a proce$+ _c proce$ fur!r due 
to an out/&+ regi/ration c]tificate = ! 

"w1 x %all be held 9 abeyance p5d+      
submission ( ! c]tificate to !          
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d2 b if held 9   
abeyance = m ?an "o ye>1 ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d may1 ^u provid+ writt5    
notice to ! p>ties & #cj days to        
respond1 dismiss ! proce$+ )\t          
prejudice2 &  7#c7 if ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d receives notice t         
regi/ration has be5 refus$ by !         
,copyright ,(fice1 ! proce$+ %all be    
dismiss$ )\t prejudice4  7c7            
,presumption ,:]e a c]tificate %[s t    
regi/ration ( a "w 0 made be=e or )9 #e 
ye>s ( its fir/ publication1 !          
presumption set =? 9 section #daj7;c7 ( 
?is title %all apply 9 a proce$+ be=e ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 9 addition to 
relevant pr9ciples ( law "u ?is title4  
7d7 ,to ensure t actions be=e ! ,bo>d   
proce$ 9 a timely mann]1 ! ,regi/] (    
,copyrights %all promulgate regulations 
provid+ ! ,copyright ,(fice ) ! au?ority
 to issue a c]tificate ( regi/ration on 
an exp$it$ basis4 ,su* regulations %all 

treat applications = regi/ration        
c]tificates p]ta9+ to a proce$+ be=e !  
,bo>d on an exp$it$ basis & sep>ately f 
all o!r applications = c]tificates (    
regi/ration1 except ^? applications     
subject to special h&l+ "u #cg ,,cfr    
#bja4ae4  #adje4 ,conduct ( proce$+s    
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,proce$+s ( ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d %all be conduct$ 9        
accordance ) ?is *apt] & regulations z  
implem5t$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 9 
addition to relevant pr9ciples ( law "u 
?is title4 ,to ! ext5t x appe>s !re may 
be conflict+ judicial prec$5t on an     
issue ( sub/antive copyright law t _c be
 reconcil$1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
%all foll[ ! law ( ! ,f$]al jurisdiction
 :]e ! action c\ld h be5 br\ght if fil$ 
9 ,f$]al di/rict c\rt1 or1 if x c\ld h  
be5 br\ght 9 m ?an "o jurisdiction1 !   
jurisdiction t ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d det]m9es has ! mo/ significant    
ties to ! p>ties & conduct at issue4    
7b7 ,record ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 
%all ma9ta9 records docum5t+ ! proce$+s 

be=e x4  7c7 ,c5traliz$ process         
,proce$+s be=e ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d %all be conduct$ at ! (fices ( !  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d )\t !          
requirem5t ( 9-p]son appe>ances by      
p>ties or o!rs1 & %all take place by    
means ( writt5 submissions & he>+s &    
conf]5ces accompli%$ via ,int]net-bas$  
applications & o!r telecommunications   
facilities3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t 9 cases 
:]e physical or o!r nonte/imonial       
evid5ce mat]ial to a proce$+ _c be      
furni%$ to ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d   
?r\gh available telecommunications      
facilities1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
%all h ! discretion to make alt]native  
arrangem5ts = ! submission ( su* evid5ce
 t d n prejudice ano!r p>ty to !        
proce$+4  7d7 ,repres5tation ,a p>ty to 
a proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d may1 b is n requir$ to be         
repres5t$ by--  7#a7 an attorney2 or    
7#b7 a law /ud5t :o is qualifi$ "u      
applicable law gov]n+ law /ud5ts'       
repres5tation ( p>ties 9 legal proce$+s 

& :o provides su* repres5tation on a pro
 bono basis4  7e7 ,comm5cem5t ( proce$+ 
,to comm5ce a proce$+1 a claimant %all1 
subject to su* additional requirem5ts z 
may be prescrib$ 9 regulations e/abli%$ 
by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 file a claim
 ) ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 t--  7#a7
 includes a /atem5t ( mat]ial facts 9   
support ( ! claim2  7#b7 is c]tifi$ 9   
accordance ) subsection 7x77#a72 &  7#c7
 is accompani$ by a fil+ fee 9 su* am\nt
 z may be prescrib$ 9 regulations       
e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 :i*
 am\nt %all be at lea/ #ajj1 %all n     
exce$ ! co/ ( fil+ an action 9 a ,unit$ 
,/ates di/rict c\rt1 & %all be e/abli%$ 
to fur!r ! goals ( ! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d4  7f7 ,review ( claims &          
c\nt]claims  7#a7 ,claims ,^u fil+1 a   
claim %all be review$ by a ,copyright   
,claims ,attorney to ensure t x complies
 ) applicable regulations & ?is *apt]1  
includ+ ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,if ! claim is  
f\nd to comply1 ! claimant %all be s    
notifi$ & in/ruct$ to proce$ ) s]vice ( 

! claim z provid$ 9 subsection 7g74     
7,b7 ,if ! claim is f\nd n to comply1 ! 
claimant %all be notifi$ t ! claim is   
defici5t & p]mitt$ to file an am5d$     
claim )9 #cj days ( ! date ( su* notice 
)\t ! requirem5t ( an additional fil+   
fee4 ,if ! claimant files a compliant   
claim )9 t p]iod1 he or %e %all be s    
notifi$ & in/ruct$ to proce$ ) s]vice ( 
! claim4 ,if ! claim is refil$ )9 !     
#cj-;day p]iod b /ill fails to comply1 !
 claimant w aga9 be notifi$ t ! claim is
 defici5t & provid$ a second opportunity
 to am5d x )9 #cj days )\t ! requirem5t 
( an additional fil+ fee4 ,if ! claim is
 refil$ aga9 )9 ! second #cj-;day p]iod 
& is compliant1 ! claimant %all be s    
notifi$ & in/ruct$ to proce$ ) s]vice1 b
 if ! claim /ill fails to comply1 ^u    
confirmation ( its noncompliance by a   
,copyright ,claims ,(fic]1 ! proce$+    
%all be dismiss$ )\t prejudice4 ,!      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all also      
dismiss )\t prejudice any proce$+ 9 :i* 
a compliant claim is n fil$ )9 !        

applicable #cj-;day "t p]iod4  7,c7 ,=  
purposes ( ?is p>agraph1 a claim aga9/  
an onl9e s]vice provid] = infr+em5t by  
reason ( /orage ( or ref]ral or l9k+ to 
infr++ mat]ial t may be subject to !    
limitations on liability set =? 9       
section #eab7;b71 section #eab7;c71 or  
section #eab7;d7 ( ?is title1 %all be   
consid]$ noncompliant unless ! claimant 
affirms 9 ! /atem5t requir$ "u          
subsection 7e77#a7 ( ?is section t he or
 %e has previ\sly notifi$ ! s]vice      
provid] ( ! claim$ infr+em5t 9          
accordance ) section #eab7;b77#b77;,e71 
section #eab7;c77#c71 or section        
#eab7;d77#c7 ( ?is title1 z applicable1 
& ! s]vice provid] fail$ to remove or   
disable access to ! mat]ial exp$iti\sly 
^u ! provision ( su* notice3 ,provid$1  
h[ev]1 ,t if a claim is f\nd to be      
noncompliant "u ?is subp>agraph1 !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all provide ! 
claimant ) in=mation conc]n+ ! s]vice ( 
su* a notice pursuant to ! relevant     
provision ( ?is title4  7#b7            

,c\nt]claims ,^u fil+ & s]vice ( a      
c\nt]claim1 ! c\nt]claim %all be review$
 by a ,copyright ,claims ,attorney to   
ensure t x complies ) ! provisions ( ?is
 *apt] & applicable regulations4 ,if !  
c\nt]claim is f\nd n to comply1 !       
c\nt]claimant & o!r p>ties %all be      
notifi$ t x is defici5t & !             
c\nt]claimant p]mitt$ to file & s]ve an 
am5d$ c\nt]claim )9 #cj days ( ! date ( 
su* notice4 ,if ! c\nt]claimant files & 
s]ves a compliant c\nt]claim )9 t p]iod1
 ! c\nt]claimant & o!r p>ties %all be s 
notifi$4 ,if ! c\nt]claim is refil$ &   
s]v$ )9 ! #cj-;day p]iod b /ill fails to
 comply1 ! c\nt]claimant & o!r p>ties w 
aga9 be notifi$ t x is defici5t & !     
c\nt]claimant provid$ a second          
opportunity to am5d x )9 #cj days4 ,if !
 c\nt]claim is refil$ & s]v$ aga9 )9 !  
second #cj-;day p]iod & is compliant1 ! 
c\nt]claimant & p>ties %all be s        
notifi$1 b if ! c\nt]claim /ill fails to
 comply1 ^u confirmation ( its          
noncompliance by a ,copyright ,claims   

,(fic]1 ! c\nt]claim1 b n ! proce$+1    
%all be dismiss$ )\t prejudice4  7#c7   
,dismissal = good cause ,! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d %all dismiss a proce$+ )\t
 prejudice if1 ^u review+ a claim or    
c\nt]claim1 or at any o!r "t 9 a        
proce$+1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d     
concludes t x is unsuitable =           
det]m9ation by ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d1 includ+ due to ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,!
 failure to jo9 a necess>y p>ty4  7,b7  
,! lack ( an ess5tial witness1 evid5ce1 
or exp]t te/imony4  7,c7 ,det]m9ation ( 
a relevant issue ( law or fact t c\ld   
exce$ ! compet5ce ( ! ,copyright ,claims
 ,bo>d4  7g7 ,s]vice ( notice & claims  
,to proce$ ) a claim aga9/ a respond5t1 
a claimant mu/ )9 #ij days ( receiv+    
notification to proce$ ) s]vice file    
pro( ( s]vice on ! respond5t ) !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4 ,to effectuate
 s]vice on a respond5t1 ! claimant mu/  
cause notice ( ! proce$+ & a copy ( !   
claim to be s]v$ on ! respond5t1 ei!r by
 p]sonal s]vice or pursuant to a waiv] (

 p]sonal s]vice1 z prescrib$ 9          
regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (     
,copyrights4 ,su* regulations %all      
include ! foll[+ requirem5ts &          
conditions3  7#a7 ,! notice ( ! proce$+ 
%all adh]e to a prescrib$ =m & %all set 
=? ! nature ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 & proce$+1 ! respond5t's "r to opt out1
 & ! consequ5ces ( opt+ out & n opt+    
out1 includ+ a prom95t /atem5t t1 by n  
opt+ out )9 ! #cj-;day p]iod1 !         
respond5t--  7,a7 w =go ! opportunity to
 h ! dispute decid$ by a c\rt creat$ "u 
article ,,iii ( ! ,con/itution ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7,b7 w be waiv+ ! "r  
to a jury trial reg>d+ ! dispute4  7#b7 
,! copy ( ! claim s]v$ on ! respond5t   
%all be z x 0 fil$ ) ! ,copyright       
,claims ,bo>d4  7#c7 ,p]sonal s]vice ( a
 notice & claim may be effect$ by an    
individual :o is n a p>ty to ! proce$+ &
 is ov] ! age ( #ah4  7#d7 ,an          
individual1 o!r ?an a m9or or incompet5t
 individual1 may be s]v$ by-- 7,a7      
foll[+ ,/ate law = s]v+ a summons 9 an  

action br\ght 9 c\rts ( g5]al           
jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate :]e s]vice is    
made2 or  7,b7 do+ any ( ! foll[+3 7i7  
,deliv]+ a copy ( ! notice & claim to ! 
individual p]sonally4  7ii7 ,leav+ a    
copy ( ea* at ! individual's dwell+ or  
usual place ( abode ) someone ( suitable
 age & discretion :o resides !re4  7iii7
 ,deliv]+ a copy ( ea* to an ag5t       
au?oriz$ by appo9tm5t or by law to      
receive s]vice ( process4  7#e7 ,a      
corporation1 p>tn]%ip or un9corporat$   
association t is subject to suit 9 c\rts
 ( g5]al jurisdiction "u a common "n may
 be s]v$ by--  7,a7 foll[+ ,/ate law =  
s]v+ a summons 9 an action br\ght 9     
c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction 9 ! ,/ate :]e
 s]vice is made2 or  7,b7 deliv]+ a copy
 ( ! notice & claim to an (fic]1 a      
manag+ or g5]al ag5t or any o!r ag5t    
au?oriz$ by appo9tm5t or by law to      
receive s]vice ( process 9 an action    
br\ght 9 c\rts ( g5]al jurisdiction &1  
if ! ag5t is "o au?oriz$ by /atute & !  
/atute s requires1 by also mail+ a copy 

( ea* to ! respond5t4  7#f7 ,to reque/ a
 waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice1 ! claimant may 
notify a respond5t by fir/ class mail or
 o!r reasonable means t a proce$+ has   
be5 comm5c$ 9 accordance ) regulations  
e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 :i*
 %all include ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,any su*  
reque/ %all be 9 writ+ & address$ to !  
respond5t1 & be accompani$ by a         
prescrib$ notice ( ! proce$+ & copy ( ! 
claim z fil$ ) ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d1 z well z a prescrib$ =m = waiv] (
 p]sonal s]vice1 & a prepaid or co/less 
means ( return+ ! =m4  7,b7 ,! reque/   
%all /ate ! date x 0 s5t & provide !    
respond5t #cj days to return ! sign$    
waiv] =m1 :i* sign$ waiv] %all con/itute
 acceptance & pro( ( s]vice z ( ! date x
 is sign$ = purposes ( ?is subsection4  
7#g7 ,a respond5t's waiv] ( p]sonal     
s]vice %all n con/itute a waiv] ( !     
respond5t's "r to opt out ( ! proce$+3  
,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t a respond5t :o      
timely waives p]sonal s]vice & does n   
opt out %all be all[$ an additional #cj 

days beyond ! am\nt ( "t normally       
p]mitt$ "u ! applicable proc$ures ( !   
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d to submit a    
sub/antive response to ! claim1 includ+ 
any def5ses & c\nt]claims4  7#h7 ,a m9or
 or an incompet5t individual may only be
 s]v$ by foll[+ ,/ate law = s]v+ a      
summons or l process on su* an          
individual 9 an action br\ght 9 ! c\rts 
( g5]al jurisdiction ( ! ,/ate :]e      
s]vice is made4  7#i7 ,s]vice ( a claim 
& waiv] ( p]sonal s]vice may only be    
effect$ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7h7        
,opt-,out proc$ure ,^u be+ prop]ly s]v$ 
) a notice & claim1 a respond5t :o      
*ooses to opt out ( ! proce$+ %all h #cj
 days f ! date ( s]vice 9 :i* to provide
 writt5 notice ( su* *oice to !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 9 accordance )
 regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (    
,copyrights4 ,if pro( ( s]vice has be5  
fil$ by ! claimant & ! respond5t does n 
submit an opt-out notice to ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d )9 #cj days ( s]vice1 !  
proce$+ %all be deem$ an active proce$+ 

& ! respond5t %all be b\nd by ! result  
to ! ext5t provid$ "u section #adjf7;a74
 ,if ! respond5t opts out dur+ t p]iod1 
! proce$+ %all be dismiss$ )\t          
prejudice3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t 9        
exceptional circum/ances & ^u writt5    
notice to ! claimant1 ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d may ext5d su* #cj-;day    
p]iod 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice4  7i7 ,s]vice
 ( o!r docum5ts ,o!r docum5ts submitt$  
or reli$ ^u 9 ! proce$+ %all be s]v$ z  
provid$ 9 regulations e/abli%$ by !     
,regi/] ( ,copyrights4  7j7 ,s*$ul+ ,^u 
confirmation t a proce$+ has become an  
active proce$+1 ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d %all issue a s*$ule = future      
conduct ( ! proce$+4 ,a s*$ule issu$ by 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may be am5d$ 
by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 !       
int]e/s ( ju/ice4  7k7 ,conf]5ces ,"o or
 m ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s may hold a
 conf]5ce to address case managem5t or  
discov]y issues 9 a proce$+3 ,provid$1  
h[ev]1 ,t su* conf]5ce %all n be        
address$ to ultimate issues ( fact or   

law4 ,any su* conf]5ce %all be not$ ^u !
 record ( ! proce$+ & may be record$ or 
transcrib$4  7l7 ,p>ty submissions ,!re 
%all be no =mal motion practice 9 a     
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d proce$+3       
,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t1 subject to         
applicable regulations & ! proc$ures ( !
 ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d-- 7#a7 !      
p>ties to a proce$+ %all be p]mitt$ to  
make reque/s to ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d to address case managem5t &       
discov]y matt]s1 & submit responses     
!reto2 &  7#b7 ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d may reque/ or p]mit p>ties to make
 submissions address+ relevant que/ions 
( fact or law1 or o!r matt]s1 includ+   
matt]s rais$ sua sponte by ! ,copyright 
,claims ,(fic]s1 & (f] responses !reto4 
7m7 ,discov]y ,discov]y %all be limit$  
to ! production ( relevant in=mation &  
docum5ts1 writt5 int]rogatories1 &      
writt5 reque/s = admission1 z fur!r     
provid$ 9 regulations e/abli%$ by !     
,regi/] ( ,copyrights3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 
,t--  7#a7 ^u reque/ ( a p>ty1 & = good 

cause %[n1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d   
%all h ! discretion to approve          
additional limit$ discov]y 9 p>ticul>   
matt]s1 & may reque/ specific in=mation 
& docum5ts f p>ticipants 9 ! proce$+ &  
volunt>y submissions f nonp>ticipants2  
7#b7 ^u reque/ ( a p>ty1 & = good cause 
%[n1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may     
issue a protective ord] to limit !      
disclosure ( docum5ts or te/imony t     
conta9 confid5tial in=mation2 &  7#c7   
aft] provid+ notice & an opportunity to 
respond1 & ^u good cause %[n1 !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may apply an   
adv]se inf]5ce ) respect to disput$     
facts aga9/ a p>ty :o has fail$ timely  
to provide discov]y mat]ials 9 response 
to a prop] reque/ = mat]ials t c\ld be  
relevant to su* facts4  7n7 ,evid5ce ,! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may consid] !  
foll[+ types ( evid5ce1 :i* may be      
admitt$ )\t application ( =mal rules (  
evid5ce3  7#a7 ,docum5t>y & o!r         
nonte/imonial evid5ce t is relevant to !
 claims1 c\nt]claims or def5ses 9 a     

proce$+4  7#b7 ,te/imonial evid5ce1     
submitt$ "u p5alty ( p]jury 9 writt5 =m 
or 9 accordance ) subsection 7o71 limit$
 to /atem5ts ( ! p>ties & nonexp]t      
witnesses1 t is relevant to ! claims1   
c\nt]claims & def5ses 9 a proce$+3      
,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t 9 exceptional cases 
exp]t witness te/imony or o!r types (   
te/imony may be p]mitt$ by ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d = good cause %[n4  7o7    
,he>+s ,! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may  
conduct a he>+ to receive oral          
pres5tations on issues ( fact or law f  
p>ties & witnesses to a proce$+1 includ+
 oral te/imony3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t--   
7#a7 any su* he>+ %all be att5d$ by at  
lea/ two ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,(fic]s2
  7#b7 ! he>+ %all be not$ ^u ! record (
 ! proce$+ &1 subject to p>agraph 7#c71 
may be record$ or transcrib$ z deem$    
necess>y by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d2 
&  7#c7 a record+ or transcript ( ! he>+
 %all be made available to a ,copyright 
,claims ,(fic] :o is n 9 att5dance4  7p7
 ,volunt>y dismissal  7#a7 ,by claimant 

,^u writt5 reque/ ( a claimant receiv$  
prior to a respond5t's fil+ ( a response
 to a claim1 ! ,copyright ,bo>d %all    
dismiss ! proce$+1 or a claim or        
respond5t1 z reque/$1 su* dismissal to  
be )\t prejudice4  7#b7 ,by             
c\nt]claimant ,^u writt5 reque/ ( a     
c\nt]claimant receiv$ prior to a        
claimant's fil+ ( a response to a       
c\nt]claim1 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
%all dismiss ! c\nt]claim1 su* dismissal
 to be )\t prejudice4  7q7 ,settlem5t   
,at any "t 9 an active proce$+ "s or all
 ( ! p>ties may-- 7#a7 jo9tly reque/ a  
conf]5ce ) a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] =
 ! purpose ( facilitat+ settlem5t       
discussions2 or  7#b7 submit to !       
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d an agreem5t    
provid+ = settlem5t & dismissal ( "s or 
all ( ! claims & c\nt]claims 9 !        
proce$+1 :i* submission may also include
 a reque/ t ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
adopt "s or all ( ! t]ms ( ! p>ties'    
settlem5t 9 a f9al det]m9ation4  7r7    
,factual f9d+s ,subject to subsection   

7m77#c71 ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all
 make factual f9d+s bas$ ^u a           
prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce4  7s7          
,det]m9ations  7#a7 ,nature & cont5ts ,a
 det]m9ation r5d]$ by ! ,copyright      
,claims ,bo>d 9 a proce$+ %all-- 7,a7 be
 rea*$ by a majority ( ! ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d2  7,b7 be 9 writ+1 &      
include an explanation ( ! factual &    
legal basis ( ! decision !re92  7,c7    
pursuant to section #adjc7;e77#b71 set  
=? any t]ms by :i* a respond5t or       
c\nt]claim respond5t has agre$ to cease 
infr++ activity2  7,d7 pursuant to      
subsection 7q77#b7 & to ! ext5t agre$ by
 ! p>ties1 set =? ! t]ms ( any settlem5t
 to ! ext5t reque/$ by ! p>ties2 &  7,e7
 include a cle> /atem5t ( all damages & 
o!r relief aw>d$1 includ+ pursuant to   
subp>agraphs 7,c7 & 7,d74  7#b7 ,diss5t 
,a ,copyright ,claims ,(fic] :o diss5ts 
f a decision conta9$ 9 a det]m9ation may
 app5d a /atem5t sett+ =? ! gr\nds = 8  
or h] diss5t4  7#c7 ,publication ,f9al  
det]m9ations ( ! ,copyright ,claims     

,bo>d %all be made available on a       
publicly accessible website ) o!r       
records to be made available to ! public
 9 accordance ) law3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t
 su* records may be r$act$ by !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d to protect     
confid5tial in=mation t is ! subject ( a
 protective ord] "u subsection 7m77#b74 
7t7 ,respond5t's default ,:]e a proce$+ 
has be5 deem$ an active proce$+ b !     
respond5t has fail$ to appe> or has     
ceas$ p>ticipat+ 9 ! proce$+1 z         
demon/rat$ by 8 or h] failure to meet "o
 or m deadl9es or requirem5ts set =? 9 !
 s*$ule adopt$ by ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d pursuant to subsection 7j7 )\t    
ju/ifiable cause1 ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d may ent] a default det]m9ation1   
includ+ ! dismissal ( any c\nt]claim    
ass]t$ by a respond5t1 z foll[s & 9     
accordance ) su* o!r requirem5ts z !    
,regi/] ( ,copyrights may prescribe by  
regulation3  7#a7 ,! ,copyright ,claims 
,bo>d %all require ! claimant to submit 
relevant evid5ce & o!r in=mation 9      

support ( 8 or h] claim & any ass]t$    
damages &1 ^u review ( su* evid5ce & any
 o!r reque/$ submissions f ! claimant1  
%all det]m9e :e!r ! mat]ials s submitt$ 
are suffici5t to support a f9d+ 9 favor 
( ! claimant "u applicable law &1 if s1 
! appropriate relief & damages1 if any1 
to be aw>d$4  7#b7 ,if ! claimant has   
met 8 or h] burd5 "u p>agraph 7#a71 !   
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all prep>e a  
propos$ default det]m9ation & provide   
writt5 notice to ! respond5t at all     
addresses1 includ+ email addresses1     
reflect$ 9 ! records ( ! proce$+ be=e ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 conc]n+ !     
p5d5cy ( a default det]m9ation by !     
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d & ! legal      
significance ( su* det]m9ation4 ,su*    
notice %all be accompani$ by ! propos$  
default det]m9ation & provide t !       
respond5t has #cj days f ! date ( !     
notice to submit any evid5ce or o!r     
in=mation 9 opposition to ! propos$     
default det]m9ation4  7#c7 ,if !        
respond5t responds to ! notice provid$  

"u p>agraph 7#b7 )9 ! #cj-;day p]iod1 ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all consid]   
respond5t's submissions &1 aft] all[+ ! 
o!r p>ties to address su* submissions1  
ma9ta9 or am5d its propos$ det]m9ation z
 appropriate1 & ! result+ det]m9ation   
%all n be a default det]m9ation4  7#d7  
,if ! respond5t fails to respond to !   
notice provid$ "u p>agraph 7#b71 !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all proce$ to 
issue ! default det]m9ation z a f9al    
det]m9ation4 ,!reaft]1 ! respond5t may  
only *all5ge su* det]m9ation to ! ext5t 
p]mitt$ "u section #adjg7;c73 ,provid$1 
h[ev]1 ,t prior to ! initiation ( any   
additional proce$+s "u section #adjg1 ! 
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all h !       
discretion to vacate ! default          
det]m9ation 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice4  7u7  
,claimant's failure ,to proce$  7#a7    
,failure to complete s]vice ,if a       
claimant fails to complete s]vice on a  
respond5t )9 ! #ij-;day p]iod z         
prescrib$ 9 subsection 7g71 t respond5t 
%all be dismiss$ f ! proce$+ )\t        

prejudice2 & if a claimant fails to     
complete s]vice on all respond5ts )9 !  
#ij-;day p]iod1 ! proce$+ %all be       
dismiss$ by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d  
)\t prejudice4  7#b7 ,failure to        
prosecute ,if a claimant fails to proce$
 9 an active proce$+1 z demon/rat$ by 8 
or h] failure to meet "o or m deadl9es  
or requirem5ts set =? 9 ! s*$ule adopt$ 
by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d pursuant  
to subsection 7j7 )\t ju/ifiable cause1 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may1 ^u      
provid+ writt5 notice to ! claimant &   
#cj days to respond1 issue a det]m9ation
 dismiss+ ! claimants' claims1 :i* %all 
include an aw>d ( attorneys' fees & co/s
 if appropriate "u subsection 7x77#b74  
,!reaft]1 ! claimant may only *all5ge   
su* det]m9ation to ! ext5t p]mitt$ "u   
section #adjg7;c73 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t  
prior to ! initiation ( any additional  
proce$+s "u section #adjg1 ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d %all h ! discretion to    
vacate ! det]m9ation ( dismissal 9 !    
int]e/s ( ju/ice4  7v7 ,reconsid]ation  

,a p>ty may1 )9 #cj days ( ! date (     
issuance ( a f9al det]m9ation by !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 submit a      
writt5 reque/ = reconsid]ation (1 or an 
am5dm5t to1 su* det]m9ation if ! p>ty   
id5tifies a cle> error ( law or fact    
mat]ial to ! outcome1 or a te*nical     
mi/ake4 ,aft] provid+ ! o!r p>ties an   
opportunity to address su* reque/1 !    
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all respond by
 d5y+ ! reque/ or issu+ an am5d$ f9al   
det]m9ation4  7w7 ,review by regi/] ,a  
p>ty :o has be5 d5i$ reconsid]ation by !
 ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d may1 )9 #cj   
days ( ! date ( su* d5ial1 reque/ review
 by ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights 9 accordance
 ) regulations e/abli%$ by ! ,regi/] (  
,copyrights1 :i* regulations %all       
provide = a reasonable fil+ fee4 ,!     
,regi/]'s review %all be limit$ to      
consid]ation ( :e!r ! ,copyright ,claims
 ,bo>d abus$ its discretion 9 d5y+      
reconsid]ation4 ,aft] provid+ ! o!r     
p>ties an opportunity to address !      
reque/1 ! ,regi/] %all respond by d5y+ !

 reque/ or rem&+ ! proce$+ to !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d =              
reconsid]ation ( id5tifi$ issues &      
issuance ( an am5d$ f9al det]m9ation1   
:i* am5d$ f9al det]m9ation %all n be    
subject to fur!r consid]ation or review 
o!r ?an pursuant to section #adjg7;c74  
7x7 ,conduct ( p>ties & attorneys  7#a7 
,c]tification ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights  
%all e/abli% regulations conc]n+        
c]tification ( ! accuracy & tru?fulness 
( /atem5ts made by p>ticipants 9        
proce$+s be=e ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d4  7#b7 ,bad fai? conduct ,not)/&+ 
any o!r provision ( law1 9 any proce$+ 9
 :i* a det]m9ation is r5d]$ &--  7,a7 x 
is e/abli%$ t a p>ty pursu$ a claim1    
c\nt]claim or def5se = a h>ass+ or o!r  
improp] purpose1 or )\t reasonable basis
 9 law or fact2 or  7,b7 ! claimant's   
claim is dismiss$ = failure to prosecute
 pursuant to subsection 7u77#b71 unless 
inconsi/5t ) ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all 9 su*     
det]m9ation aw>d reasonable attorneys'  

fees & co/s to any adv]sely affect$ p>ty
 or p>ties 9 a total am\nt n to exce$   
#e1jjj3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 t if an        
adv]sely affect$ p>ty appe>$ pro se 9 ! 
proce$+1 ! aw>d to t p>ty %all be ( co/s
 only & no m ?an #b1ejj4  7#c7 ,if x is 
e/abli%$ t on m ?an "o occasion )9 a #ab
 mon? p]iod a p>ty pursu$ a claim1      
c\nt]claim or def5se be=e ! ,bo>d = a   
h>ass+ or o!r improp] purpose1 or )\t   
reasonable basis 9 law or fact1 su* p>ty
 %all be b>r$ f initiat+ a claim be=e ! 
,bo>d = a p]iod ( #ab mon?s4  7y7       
,not)/&+ any?+ to ! contr>y 9 ?is *apt]1
 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights may promulgate 
regulations all[+ = ! disposition ( any 
claim 9 :i* total damages s\ght are     
#e1jjj or less 7exclusive ( attorneys'  
fees & co/s74 ,at a m9imum1 any su*     
regulations %all provide--  7#a7 = "o   
copyright claims (fic] to consid] &     
issue a det]m9ation ) reg>d to ! claim2 
&  7#b7 = :i* a copyright claims        
attorney %all review ! claim & det]m9e  
:e!r ! case %all be he>d by "o (fic] or 

! ,bo>d4  7z7 ,a claimant may reque/ !  
,bo>d to issue a subpo5a to a s]vice    
provid] = id5tification ( an alleg$     
infr+] ( claimant's copyright$ "w4 ,!   
,copyright ,(fice %all promulgate       
regulations gov]n+1 at m9imum1 !        
issuance ( ! subpo5a1 ! cont5ts ( !     
reque/1 ! cont5ts ( ! subpo5a1 & !      
obligations ( a s]vice provid] :o is    
issu$ a subpo5a4 ,! regulations %all    
fur!r require t ! claimant seek+ !      
subpo5a mu/ make a sworn decl>ation to !
 effect t ! purpose = :i* ! subpo5a is  
s\ght is to obta9 ! id5tity ( an alleg$ 
infr+] & t su* in=mation w only be us$ =
 ! purpose ( protect+ rights "u ?is     
,act4 ,su* subpo5as %all be en=ceable by
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = !     
,di/rict ( ,columbia4  #adjf4 ,effect ( 
proce$+  7a7 ,det]m9ation ,subject to ! 
reconsid]ation & review processes af=d$ 
by sections #adje7v7 & #adje7w71        
respectively1 & section #adjg7;c71 !    
r5d]+ ( a f9al det]m9ation by !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 a proce$+1   

includ+ a default det]m9ation or        
det]m9ation bas$ on failure to          
prosecute1 %all1 solely ) respect to !  
p>ties to su* det]m9ation1 preclude     
relitigation be=e any c\rt or tribunal1 
or be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 ( ! 
claims & c\nt]claims ass]t$ & f9ally    
det]m9$ by su* det]m9ation1 & may be    
reli$ ^u = su* purpose 9 a future action
 or proce$+ aris+ f ! same specific     
activity or activities3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1
 ,t--  7#a7 a det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d %all n preclude          
litigation or relitigation z betwe5 !   
same or diff]5t p>ties be=e any c\rt or 
tribunal1 or ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1
 ( ! same or simil> issues ( fact or law
 9 connection ) claims or c\nt]claims n 
ass]t$ & f9ally det]m9$ by ! det]m9ation
 ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d2  7#b7 a  
det]m9ation ( own]%ip ( a copyright$ "w 
= purposes ( resolv+ a matt] be=e !     
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all n be reli$
 ^u1 & %all h no preclusive effect1 9   
any o!r action or proce$+ be=e any o!r  

c\rt or tribunal1 includ+ ! ,copyright  
,claims ,bo>d2 &  7#c7 except to ! ext5t
 p]mitt$ 9 ?is subsection & section     
#adjg1 no det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d %all be cit$ or reli$ ^u z
 legal prec$5t 9 any o!r action or      
proce$+ be=e any c\rt or tribunal1      
includ+ ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7b7
 ,o!r mat]ials 9 proce$+ ,except z      
p]mitt$ "u ?is section & section #adjg1 
a submission or /atem5t ( a p>ty or     
witness made 9 connection ) a proce$+   
be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 includ+
 a proce$+ t is dismiss$1 %all n be cit$
 or reli$ ^u 91 or s]ve z ! basis (1 any
 action or proce$+ conc]n+ rights or    
limitations on rights "u ?is title be=e 
any c\rt or tribunal1 includ+ !         
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7c7 ,)       
respect to section #eab7;g7 ,not)/&+ any
 o!r provision ( law1 ! comm5cem5t ( a  
proce$+ by a claimant be=e ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d aga9/ a subscrib] ( a     
s]vice provid] t seeks a decl>ation (   
infr+em5t conc]n+ mat]ial t has be5     

remov$ or to :i* access has be5 disabl$ 
by ! s]vice provid] 9 response to a     
notification ( claim$ infr+em5t by !    
claimant pursuant to section            
#eab7;c77#a77;,c7 ( ?is title %all be a 
basis to preclude ! replacem5t ( su*    
mat]ial by ! s]vice provid] pursuant to 
section #eab7;g7 ( ?is title if notice (
 ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d proce$+ is provid$ by ! claimant  
to ! s]vice provid]'s designat$ ag5t n  
less ?an #aj nor m ?an #ad bus9ess days 
foll[+ receipt ( a c\nt] notification by
 ! s]vice provid] pursuant to section   
#eab7;g7 ( ?is title4  7d7 ,failure ,to 
ass]t c\nt]claim ,! failure or inability
 to ass]t a c\nt]claim 9 a proce$+ be=e 
! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all n       
preclude its ass]tion 9 a subsequ5t c\rt
 action or proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright    
,claims ,bo>d4  7e7 ,opt-,out or        
dismissal ( p>ty ,if a p>ty has timely  
opt$ out ( a proce$+ "u section         
#adje7;h7 or is dismiss$ f a proce$+    
prior to ! issuance ( a f9al det]m9ation

 by ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 !       
det]m9ation %all n be b9d+ ^u & %all h  
no preclusive effect ) respect to t     
p>ty4  #adjg4 ,review & confirmation by 
di/rict c\rt  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any       
proce$+ 9 :i* a p>ty has fail$ to pay   
monies z requir$ or o!rwise comply ) !  
relief aw>d$ 9 a f9al det]m9ation ( !   
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 includ+ a     
default det]m9ation or a det]m9ation    
bas$ on failure to prosecute1 ! aggriev$
 p>ty may1 )9 "o ye> ( ! issuance ( su* 
f9al det]m9ation1 resolution ( any      
reconsid]ation by ! ,copyright ,claims  
,bo>d or review by ! ,regi/] (          
,copyrights1 or issuance ( an am5d$ f9al
 det]m9ation1 :i*ev] occurs la/1 apply  
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = !   
,di/rict ( ,columbia or any o!r f$]al   
di/rict c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction =  
an ord] confirm+ ! f9al relief aw>d$ &  
r$uc+ su* aw>d to judgm5t4 ,! c\rt %all 
grant su* ord] & direct entry ( judgm5t 
unless ! det]m9ation is or has be5      
vacat$1 modifi$ or correct$ z p]mitt$ "u

 subsection 7c74 ,if ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 
or any o!r f$]al di/rict c\rt ( compet5t
 jurisdiction issues an ord] confirm+ ! 
relief aw>d$ by ! ,bo>d1 ! ,c\rt mu/    
impose on ! p>ty :o fail$ to pay damages
 or o!rwise comply ) ! relief1 !        
reasonable exp5ses requir$ to secure su*
 ord]1 includ+ attorney fees1 incurr$ by
 ! aggriev$ p>ty4  7b7 ,fil+ proc$ures  
7#a7 ,notice ( ! application =          
confirmation ( a det]m9ation ( !        
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d & entry (      
judgm5t %all be provid$ to all p>ties to
 ! proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d1 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures       
applicable to s]vice ( a motion 9 ,unit$
 ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict (   
,columbia4  7#b7 ,! application %all    
include a c]tifi$ copy ( ! f9al or am5d$
 f9al det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims
 ,bo>d1 z reflect$ 9 ! records ( !      
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d1 foll[+ any    
process ( reconsid]ation or review by ! 
,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 to be confirm$ & 

r5d]$ to judgm5t1 z well z a decl>ation 
by ! applicant "u p5alty ( p]jury t x is
 a true & correct copy ( su*            
det]m9ation1 ! date x 0 issu$1 & :e!r ! 
applicant is aw>e ( any o!r proce$+s    
be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt     
conc]n+ ! same det]m9ation ( !          
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4  7c7 ,*all5ges
 to ! det]m9ation  7#a7 ,bases = *all5ge
 ,^u application ( a p>ty to !          
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d proce$+ )9 #ij 
days ( ! issuance ( a f9al or am5d$ f9al
 det]m9ation by ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d foll[+ any process (              
reconsid]ation or review by ! ,regi/] ( 
,copyrights1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict   
,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia may issue
 an ord] vacat+1 modify+ or correct+ a  
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d
 9 ! foll[+ cases3  7,a7 ,:]e !         
det]m9ation 0 issu$ or z a result (     
fraud1 corruption1 misrepres5tation1 or 
o!r misconduct4  7,b7 ,:]e ! ,copyright 
,claims ,bo>d exce$$ its au?ority or    
fail$ to r5d] a f9al & def9ite          

det]m9ation conc]n+ ! subject matt] at  
issue4  7,c7 ,9 ! case ( a default      
det]m9ation or det]m9ation bas$ on      
failure to prosecute1 :]e x is e/abli%$ 
t ! default or failure 0 due to         
excusable neglect4  7#b7 ,proc$ure to   
*all5ge  7,a7 ,notice ( ! application to
 *all5ge a det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d %all be provid$ to all    
p>ties to ! proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright   
,claims ,bo>d1 9 accordance ) !         
proc$ures applicable to s]vice ( a      
motion 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = 
! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4  7,b7 ,!        
application %all include a c]tifi$ copy 
( ! f9al or am5d$ f9al det]m9ation1 z   
reflect$ 9 ! records ( ! ,copyright     
,claims ,bo>d foll[+ any process (      
reconsid]ation or review by ! ,regi/] ( 
,copyrights1 t is ! subject ( !         
application1 z well z a decl>ation by ! 
applicant "u p5alty ( p]jury t x is a   
true & correct copy ( su* det]m9ation1 !
 date x 0 issu$1 ! basis = *all5ge "u   
subsection 7c77#a71 & :e!r ! applicant  

is aw>e ( any o!r proce$+s be=e ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt conc]n+ ! same   
det]m9ation ( ! ,copyright ,claims      
,bo>d4 ,= ! purposes ( ! application1   
any judge :o might make an ord] to /ay !
 proce$+s 9 an action br\ght 9 ! same   
c\rt1 may make an ord]1 to be s]v$ ) !  
notice ( application1 /ay+ proce$+s to  
en=ce ! aw>d4  #adjh4 ,relation%ip to   
o!r di/rict c\rt actions  7a7 ,/ay (    
di/rict c\rt proce$+s ,a ,unit$ ,/ates  
di/rict c\rt %all ord] a /ay ( proce$+s 
or su* o!r relief z x deems appropriate 
) respect to any claim br\ght be=e x t  
is already ! subject ( a p5d+ active    
proce$+ be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4
  7b7 ,di/rict c\rt co/ & fee aw>ds ,9  
any case be=e a ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict   
c\rt 9 :i* ! c\rt is consid]+ :e!r to   
aw>d co/s or attorneys' fees to a       
prevail+ p>ty pursuant to section #eje (
 ?is title1 ! di/rict c\rt may 9 its    
discretion take into acc\nt1 among o!r  
relevant factors1 :e!r ! nonprevail+    
p>ty _h ! option & c\ld h *os5 to proce$

 be=e ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 lieu 
( ! di/rict c\rt4  7c7 ,alt]native      
dispute resolution process ,! ,copyright
 ,claims ,bo>d %all qualify z an        
alt]native dispute resolution process "u
 section #fea ( title #bh = purposes (  
ref]ral ( eligible cases by ,unit$      
,/ates di/rict c\rts ^u cons5t ( !      
p>ties4  #adji4 ,implem5tation by       
,copyright ,(fice  7a7 ,regulations     
7#a7 ,implem5tation g5]ally ,! ,regi/] (
 ,copyrights %all e/abli% regulations to
 implem5t ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d z  
contemplat$ by ?is *apt]1 includ+ !     
e/abli%m5t ( ! fees prescrib$ by        
sections #adje7;e77#c7 & #adje7w71 :i*  
au?ority %all n limit ! ,regi/]'s m     
g5]al au?ority to e/abli% fees = s]vices
 9 accordance ) section #gjh ( ?is      
title4 ,all fees receiv$ by ! ,copyright
 ,(fice 9 connection ) ! activities "u  
?is *apt] %all be deposit$ by ! ,regi/] 
& cr$it$ to ! appropriations = necess>y 
exp5ses ( ! ,(fice 9 accordance )       
section #gjh7;d7 ( ?is title4  7#b7     

,limits on monet>y relief ,! ,regi/] may
 conduct a rulemak+ to adju/ ! limits on
 monet>y recov]y or attorneys' fees &   
co/s t may be aw>d$ "u ?is *apt] to     
fur!r ! goals ( ! ,copyright ,claims    
,bo>d3 ,provid$1 h[ev]1 ,t any result+  
rule t makes su* an adju/m5t %all become
 effective at ! end ( a p]iod ( #abj    
days aft] ! rule is submitt$ to         
,congress & only if ,congress does n    
enact a law )9 su* #abj-;day p]iod t    
provides 9 sub/ance t ,congress does n  
approve ( ! new rule4  7b7 ,necess>y    
facilities ,subject to applicable law1 !
 ,regi/] ( ,copyrights may reta9 outside
 v5dors to e/abli% ,int]net-bas$1       
teleconf]5c+ & o!r facilities requir$ to
 op]ate ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d4     
#adaj4 ,fund+ ,!re are au?oriz$ to be   
appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y  
to pay ! co/s incurr$ by ! ,copyright   
,(fice "u ?is *apt] t are n cov]$ by    
fees collect$ = s]vices r5d]$ "u ?is    
*apt]1 includ+ ! co/s ( e/abli%+ &      
ma9ta9+ ! ,copyright ,claims ,bo>d & its

 facilities4  #adaa4 ,def9itions ,z us$ 
9 ?is *apt]-- 7#a7 ! t]m p>ty ref]s to  
bo? a p>ty & ! p>ty's attorney1 z       
applicable2  7#b7 ! t]m p]son 7includ+ 8
 & h]7 ref]s to bo? an individual & an  
entity t is am5able to legal process "u 
applicable law2 &  7#c7 ! t]m ,unit$    
,/ates has ! mean+ giv5 9 section #aja (
 ?is title4  4  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! 
table ( *apt]s = title #ag1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ aft] !   
item relat+ to *apt] #ac ! foll[+ new   
item3  #ad4;,copyright ,small           
,claims#adja  4  #c4 ,implem5tation ,!  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d %all beg9      
op]ation no lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ( !    
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  #d4 ,/udy
 ,n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] ! issuance ( !
 fir/ det]m9ation by ! ,copyright       
,claims ,bo>d1 ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights  
%all deliv] a /udy to ,congress t       
addresses--  7#a7 ! use & efficacy ( !  
,copyright ,claims ,bo>d 9 resolv+      
copyright claims2  7#b7 :e!r adju/m5ts  
to ! au?ority ( ! ,copyright ,claims    

,bo>d1 includ+ eligible claims & works &
 applicable damages limitations1 are    
necess>y or advisable2  7#c7 :e!r great]
 all[ance %\ld be made to p]mit aw>ds ( 
attorneys' fees & co/s to prevail+      
p>ties1 includ+ pot5tial limitations on 
su* aw>ds2  7#d7 pot5tial me*anisms to  
assi/ copyright own]s ) small claims 9  
asc]ta9+ ! id5tity & location ( unkn[n  
onl9e infr+]s2  7#e7 :e!r ! ,copyright  
,claims ,bo>d %\ld be exp&$ to (f]      
m$iation or o!r nonb9d+ alt]native      
dispute resolution s]vices to int]e/$   
p>ties2 &  7#f7 su* o!r matt]s z !      
,regi/] ( ,copyrights believes may be   
p]t95t conc]n+ ! ,copyright ,claims     
,bo>d4  #e4 ,sev]ability ,if any        
provision ( ?is ,act is decl>$          
uncon/itutional1 ! validity ( ! rema9d] 
( ?is ,act %all n be affect$4