,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ceab  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,july #bg1 #bjag,mr4  
,smi? ( ,new ,j]sey introduc$ ! foll[+  
bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on   
,ways & ,means  ,a ,,bill  ,to make     
c]ta9 c\ntries ineligible to be         
designat$ z a b5efici>y develop+ c\ntry 
= purposes ( receiv+ pref]5ces "u !     
,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em ( ,pref]5ces1 & = o!r  
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,b9du ,philips & ,devon    
,dav5port ,int]national ,*ild ,abduction
 ,return ,act ( #bjag4  #b4 ,f9d+s      
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,9 #bjaf1
 #fbi ,am]ican *ildr5 7 tak5 f ! ,unit$ 
,/ates by "o p>5t )\t ! cons5t ( ! o!r1 
(t5 9 direct violation ( valid ,unit$   
,/ates c\rt ord]s1 ,unit$ ,/ates crim9al
 law1 & ! ,hague ,conv5tion on ! ,civil 
,aspects ( ,int]national ,*ild          
,abduction4  7#b7 ,abduct$ *ildr5 9 a   
=eign c\ntry are (t5 block$ f any       
contact ) ! ,am]ican p>5t1 los+ half (  
_! family & h]itage4  7#c7 ,su* *ildr5  

are also at grave risk ( s]i\s emotional
 & psy*ological problems4 ,_m su* *ildr5
 exp]i5ce anxiety1 eat+ problems1       
nightm>es1 mood sw+s1 aggressive        
behavior1 res5tm5t1 & fe>4 ,e day !     
abduction cont9ues only comp\nds ^!     
h>ms4  7#d7 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate _h at  
lea/ #idd op5 cases ( *ild abduction 9  
#bjaf1 only #aeb1 or #af p]c5t1 ( :i* 7 
resolv$ ) return ( ! abduct$ *ild to !  
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#e7 ,tragically1       
abductions resolv$ ) a return ( ! *ild  
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates hit a ?ree-ye> l[ 9  
#bjaf4  7#f7 ,9 contra/1 ! numb] (      
abduction cases clos$ by ! ,dep>tm5t )\t
 ! *ild be+ return$ rea*$ a high m>k (  
#ahi 9 #bjaf4  7#g7 ,su* l[ return rates
 enc\rage p>5ts to abduct _! *ildr5 r   
?an to abide by ! laws ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates4  7#h7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is a p>ty
 to ! #aihj ,hague ,conv5tion on !      
,civil ,aspects ( ,int]national ,*ild   
,abduction 7,hague ,abduction           
,conv5tion71 :i* provides a framework = 
! prompt resolutions ( int]national     

abductions betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & !   
#gf o!r c\ntries ) :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
has reciprocal obligations4  7#i7 ,!    
,hague ,abduction ,conv5tion does n h an
 en=cem5t me*anism & c\ntries regul>ly  
ignore _! legal duty--)\t               
consequ5ces--to return abduct$ *ildr5 ^:
 habitual resid5ce is ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  
7#aj7 ,9 ! #bjag ,annual ,report on     
,int]national ,p>5tal ,*ild ,abduction  
publi%$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 n9e     
c\ntries 7 id5tifi$ z demon/rat+ a      
patt]n ( non-compliance = failure to    
comply ) legal obligations "u ! ,hague  
,abduction ,conv5tion to resolve ongo+  
abductions1 includ+ ,arg5t9a1 !         
,bahamas1 ,brazil1 ! ,dom9ican          
,republic1 ,ecuador1 ,guatemala1        
,panama1 ,p]u1 & ,romania4  7#aa7 ,!    
report also id5tifi$ f\r c\ntries )\t an
 e/abli%$ reciprocal relation%ip ) !    
,unit$ ,/ates "u ! ,hague ,abduction    
,conv5tion z demon/rat+ a patt]n (      
non-compliance = failure to "w ) !      
,unit$ ,/ates to resolve abduction      

cases1 includ+ ,india1 ,jordan1         
,nic>agua1 & ,tunisia4  7#ab7 ,elev5 ( !
 ?irte5 c\ntries s id5tifi$ =           
non-compliance1 o!r ?an ! ,bahamas &    
,romania1 are curr5tly receiv+ trade    
b5efits "u ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (         
,pref]5ces e/abli%$ by ! ,trade ,act (  
#aigd4  7#ac7 ,9 ,india1 :]e m ?an #ajj 
*ildr5 are be+ held aga9/ ! wi%es ( _!  
,am]ican p>5t1 only #aj came home 9     
#bjaf1 & #ff p]c5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates      
reque/s = ! return ( abduct$ *ildr5 f   
,india h rema9$ unresolv$ = m ?an #ab   
mon?s4  7#ad7 ,aft] eight ye>s ( h]oic  
legal ef=ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,india  
to br+ home h] tw9 sons1 :o 7 abduct$ to
 ,india 9 #bjjh1 ,b9du ,philips saw h]  
case clos$ by ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t 9 #bjaf 
)\t _! return4  7#ae7 ,brazil has be5   
cont9u\sly cit$ = demon/rat+ a patt]n ( 
non-compliance s9ce #bjje1 & has nei!r  
issu$ nor en=c$ a c\rt ord] to return a 
s+le "o ( ! long t]m cases !re s9ce !   
return ( ,sean ,goldman to 8 ,am]ican   
fa!r 9 #bjji1 aft] int]national pressure

 & ! /all+ ( ,brazil's r5ew$            
p>ticipation 9 ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (     
,pref]5ces4  7#af7 ,?irte5 cases (      
abduct$ ,am]ican *ildr5 9 ,brazil h be5 
p5d+ f #b4e ye>s to #aj ye>s4  7#ag7    
,dr4 ,*ri/oph] ,brann has be5 r$uc$ to  
see+ 8 "y son ,nico = only a few weeks (
 ! ye>1 & only 9 ,brazil1 s9ce #bjac1 :5
 ,nico's ,brazilian-,am]ican "m abduct$ 
,nico to ,brazil 9 violation ( pre-exi/+
 c\rt ord]s 9 ,texas grant+ %>$ cu/ody1 
9 violation ( ! ,hague ,conv5tion1 &    
despite t5 indep5d5t assessm5ts t he is 
an excell5t fa!r4  7#ah7 ,devon         
,dav5port has won ea* ( ! #bd appeals 9 
8 case 9 ,brazil = ! return ( 8 daught]1
 ,nadia ,lynn1 s9ce #bjji1 b ,brazil    
/ill has n return$ 8 daught] to him4    
#c4 ,additional limitation on b5efici>y 
develop+ c\ntry designation ,section    
#ejd7;b77#b7 ( ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd    
7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #bdfb7 is am5d$ by ins]t+
 aft] subp>agraph 7,h7 ! foll[+3  7,i7  
,su* c\ntry has engag$ 9 a patt]n (     
noncompliance 9 cases ( *ild abduction1 

z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate =      
purposes ( ! notification requirem5t "u 
section #aja7;f7 ( ! ,sean & ,david     
,goldman ,int]national ,*ild ,abduction 
,prev5tion & ,return ,act4  4