,i  #aae? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cjhf  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,june #bg1 #bjag,mr4  
,p]lmutt] 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,brid5/9e1 & 
,ms4 ,eddie ,b]nice ,johnson ( ,texas7  
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &     
,te*nology1 & 9 addition to !           
,committees on ,arm$ ,s]vices1          
,intellig5ce 7,p]man5t ,select71 ,=eign 
,affairs1 & ,transportation &           
,infra/ructure1 = a p]iod to be         
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to improve und]/&+ 
& =eca/+ ( space wea!r ev5ts1 & = o!r   
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,space ,wea!r ,rese>* &    
,=eca/+ ,act4  #b4 ,space wea!r  7a7 ,9 
g5]al ,subtitle ,,vi ( title #ea1 ,unit$
 ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ aft]    
*apt] #fje ! foll[+3  #fjg ,space wea!r 
,sec4 #fjgja4 ,space wea!r4 #fjgjb4     
,obs]vations & =eca/+4 #fjgjc4 ,rese>* &

 te*nology4 #fjgjd4 ,space wea!r data4  
#fjgja4 ,space wea!r  7a7 ,f9d+s        
,congress makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7    
,space wea!r ev5ts pose a significant   
?reat to humans work+ 9 ! space         
environm5t & to mod]n te*nological      
sy/ems4  7#b7 ,! effects ( sev]e space  
wea!r ev5ts on ! electric p[] grid1     
satellites & satellite communications & 
in=mation1 airl9e op]ations1 a/ronauts  
liv+ & work+ 9 space1 & space-bas$      
position1 navigation1 & tim+ sy/ems c\ld
 h significant societal1 economic1      
national security1 & heal? impacts4     
7#c7 ,e>? & space obs]vations provide   
crucial data necess>y to pr$ict & w>n   
ab\t space wea!r ev5ts4  7#d7 ,cle>     
roles & acc\ntability ( ,f$]al dep>tm5ts
 & ag5cies are critical = an effici5t & 
effective response to ?reats pos$ by    
space wea!r4  7#e7 ,9 ,octob] #bjae1 !  
,national ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,c\ncil  
publi%$ a ,national ,space ,wea!r       
,/rategy & a ,national ,space ,wea!r    
,action ,plan seek+ to integrate        

national space wea!r ef=ts & add new    
capabilities to meet increas+ dem& =    
space wea!r in=mation4  7b7 ,f$]al ag5cy
 roles  7#a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t--  
7,a7 ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic 
,adm9i/ration provides op]ational space 
wea!r =eca/+ & monitor+ = civil         
applications1 ma9ta9s gr\nd & space-bas$
 assets to provide obs]vations ne$$ =   
=eca/+1 pr$iction1 & w>n+s1 provides    
rese>* to support op]ational            
responsibilities1 & develops requirem5ts
 = space wea!r =eca/+ te*nologies &     
sci5ce2  7,b7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se     
provides op]ational space wea!r =eca/+1 
monitor+1 & rese>* = ! dep>tm5t's unique
 missions & applications2  7,c7 !       
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration provides increas$ und]/&+ 
( ! fundam5tal physics ( ! ,sun-,e>?    
sy/em ?r\gh space-bas$ obs]vations &    
model+1 develops new space-bas$         
te*nologies & missions1 & monitors space
 wea!r = ,,nasa's space missions2  7,d7 
! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation provides 

increas$ und]/&+ ( ! ,sun-,e>? sy/em    
?r\gh gr\nd-bas$ measurem5ts1           
te*nologies1 & model+2  7,e7 ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ! ,int]ior collects1 di/ributes1 &   
ar*ives op]ational gr\nd-bas$           
magnetomet] data 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its
 t]ritories1 works ) ! int]national     
community to improve global geophysical 
monitor+1 & develops cru/al conductivity
 models to assess & mitigate risk f     
space wea!r-induc$ electric gr\nd       
curr5ts2 &  7,f7 ! ,f$]al ,aviation     
,adm9i/ration provides op]ational       
requirem5ts = space wea!r s]vices 9     
support ( aviation & = coord9ation ( ^! 
requirem5ts ) ! ,int]national ,civil    
,aviation ,organization1 integrates     
space wea!r data & products into ! ,next
 ,g5]ation ,air ,transportation ,sy/em1 
& conducts real-"t monitor+ ( ! *>g$    
p>ticle radiation environm5t to protect 
! heal? & safety ( crew & pass5g]s dur+ 
space wea!r ev5ts4  7#b7 ,(fice (       
,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,policy ,!         
,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce &        

,te*nology ,policy %all-- 7,a7 coord9ate
 ! developm5t & implem5tation ( ,f$]al  
,gov]nm5t activities to improve !       
,nation's ability to prep>e1 avoid1     
mitigate1 respond to1 & recov] f        
pot5tially deva/at+ impacts ( space     
wea!r ev5ts2 &  7,b7 coord9ate !        
activities ( ! space wea!r int]ag5cy    
work+ gr\p e/abli%$ "u subsection 7c74  
7c7 ,space wea!r int]ag5cy work+ gr\p ,9
 ord] to cont9ue coord9ation ( executive
 bran* ef=ts to und]/&1 prep>e1         
coord9ate1 & plan = space wea!r1 !      
,national ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,c\ncil  
%all e/abli% an int]ag5cy work+ gr\p on 
space wea!r4  7d7 ,memb]%ip ,9 ord] to  
und]/& & respond to ! adv]se effects (  
space wea!r1 ! int]ag5cy work+ gr\p     
e/abli%$ "u subsection 7c7 %all lev]age 
capabilities across p>ticipat+ ,f$]al   
ag5cies1 includ+--  7#a7 ! ,national    
,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration2   
7#b7 ! ,national ,a]onautics & ,space   
,adm9i/ration2  7#c7 ! ,national ,sci5ce
 ,f\ndation2  7#d7 ! ,dep>tm5t (        

,def5se2  7#e7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior2
  7#f7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& ,security2 
7#g7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy2  7#h7 !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,transportation1 includ+ !  
,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration2 &  7#i7 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4  7e7 ,int]ag5cy    
agreem5ts  7#a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is 
! s5se ( ,congress t ! int]ag5cy        
collaboration betwe5 ! ,national        
,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration & !  
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration on t]re/rial wea!r        
obs]vations provides--  7,a7 an         
effective me*anism = improv+ wea!r &    
climate data collection :ile avoid+     
unnecess>y duplication ( capabilities   
across ,f$]al ag5cies2 &  7,b7 an ag5cy 
collaboration model t c\ld b5efit space 
wea!r obs]vations4  7#b7 ,int]ag5cy     
agreem5ts ,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national 
,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration & !  
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration %all ent] into
 "o or m int]ag5cy agreem5ts provid+ =  
coop]ation & collaboration 9 !          

developm5t ( space wea!r spacecraft1    
in/rum5ts1 & te*nologies & 9 !          
transition ( rese>* to op]ations 9      
accordance ) ?is *apt]4  7f7            
,int]national1 comm]cial1 & academic    
collaboration ,p>ticipat+ ,f$]al ag5cies
 9 ! space wea!r int]ag5cy work+ gr\p   
e/abli%$ "u subsection 7c7 %all1 to !   
ext5t practicable & appropriate1        
increase engagem5t & coop]ation ) !     
int]national1 comm]cial1 & academic     
communities on ! obs]vational           
infra/ructure1 data1 & sci5tific rese>* 
necess>y to advance ! *>act]ization1    
pr$iction1 & mitigation ( space wea!r   
ev5ts4  #fjgjb4 ,obs]vations & =eca/+   
7a7 ,policy ,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates to e/abli% & su/a9 a basel9e     
space & gr\nd-bas$ capability = space   
wea!r obs]vations4  7b7 ,integrat$      
/rategy  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director ( ! 
,(fice ( ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,policy1 9
 coord9ation ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( !       
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !       

,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,director ( ! ,national
 ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 & ! ,secret>y (    
,def5se1 & 9 consultation ) ! academic &
 comm]cial communities1 %all develop an 
integrat$ /rategy = space & gr\nd-bas$  
space wea!r obs]vations1 includ+ sol> & 
sol> w9d obs]vations beyond ! lifetime (
 curr5t assets1 t consid]s--  7,a7 !    
provision ( sol> w9d measurem5ts & o!r  
measurem5ts ess5tial to space wea!r     
=eca/+2 &  7,b7 ! provision ( sol> &    
space wea!r measurem5ts important =     
sci5tific purposes4  7#b7 ,consid]ations
 ,9 develop+ ! /rategy "u p>agraph 7#a71
 ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce &     
,te*nology ,policy %all consid] small   
satellite & microsatellite options1 ho/$
 payloads1 comm]cial options1           
int]national options1 & prize au?ority4 
7c7 ,critical obs]vations ,9 ord] to    
su/a9 curr5t space-bas$ obs]vational    
capabilities1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !        
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration %all--  7#a7 z            

appropriate1 9 coop]ation ) ! ,european 
,space ,ag5cy1 ma9ta9 op]ations ( !     
,sol> & ,heliosph]ic ,obs]vatory_/,l>ge 
,angle & ,spectrometric ,coronagraph    
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z              
,,soho_/,,lasco7 = z long z ! satellite 
cont9ues to deliv] quality obs]vations2 
&  7#b7 prioritize ! reception ( ,,lasco
 data4  7d7 ,additional capability =    
sol> imag+  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!            
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration %all secure   
reliable second>y capability = ne>      
real-"t coronal mass ejection imag]y4   
7#b7 ,options ,! ,adm9i/rator ( !       
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration1 9 coord9ation ) !        
,secret>y ( ,def5se & ! ,adm9i/rator ( !
 ,national ,a]onautics & ,space         
,adm9i/ration1 %all develop options1    
includ+ comm]cial solutions1 to build & 
deploy "o or m in/rum5ts = ne> real-"t  
coronal mass ejection imag]y4  7#c7     
,consid]ations ,9 develop+ options "u   
p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !       

,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration %all consid] comm]cial    
solutions1 prize au?ority1 academic &   
int]national p>tn]%ips1 small satellites
 & microsatellites1 gr\nd-bas$          
in/rum5ts1 & opportunities to deploy !  
in/rum5t or in/rum5ts z a second>y      
payload on an upcom+ plann$ laun*4  7#d7
 ,co/s ,9 implem5t+ p>agraph 7#a71 !    
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration %all consid] a
 co/-effective & reliable solution4     
7#e7 ,op]ational plann+ ,! ,adm9i/rator 
( ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic    
,adm9i/ration %all develop an op]ational
 cont+5cy plan to provide cont9u\s space
 wea!r =eca/+ 9 ! ev5t ( a              
,,soho_/,,lasco failure4  7#f7 ,brief+  
,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date (     
enactm5t ( ! ,space ,wea!r ,rese>* &    
,=eca/+ ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !        
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration %all provide a brief+ to !
 ,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &     
,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & !          

,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &        
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives  
on ! options = build+ & deploy+ !       
in/rum5t or in/rum5ts describ$ 9        
p>agraph 7#b7 & ! op]ational cont+5cy   
plan develop$ "u p>agraph 7#e74  7e7    
,foll[-,on space-,bas$ obs]vations  7#a7
 ,plan ,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national    
,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 9 
coord9ation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1    
%all develop requirem5ts & a plan =     
foll[-on space-bas$ obs]vations =       
op]ational purposes1 9 accordance ) !   
integrat$ /rategy develop$ "u subsection
 7b74  7#b7 ,rese>* ne$s ,9 develop+ !  
requirem5ts & plan "u p>agraph 7#a71 !  
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration %all coord9ate
 ) ! ,national ,a]onautics & ,space     
,adm9i/ration & ! ,national ,sci5ce     
,f\ndation reg>d+ ! rese>* necess>y to  
improve space wea!r =eca/+ & !          
space-bas$ obs]vations t w advance      
rese>* & developm5t4  7f7 ,report ,n    
lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date (        

enactm5t ( ! ,space ,wea!r ,rese>* &    
,=eca/+ ,act1 ! ,director ( ! ,(fice (  
,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,policy %all submit
 to ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &
 ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & !         
,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &        
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a
 report on ! integrat$ /rategy "u       
subsection 7b71 includ+ ! ,plan =       
foll[-on space-bas$ obs]vations "u      
subsection 7e74  7g7 ,review ( integrat$
 /rategy  7#a7 ,review ,! ,director ( ! 
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 9         
conjunction ) ,f$]al ag5cies p>ticipat+ 
9 ! space wea!r int]ag5cy work+ gr\p    
e/abli%$ "u section #fjgja7;c71 %all    
ent] into an agreem5t ) ! ,national     
,academies to review ! integrat$ /rategy
 develop$ "u subsection 7b74  7#b7      
,transmittal ,! ,director ( ! ,national 
,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all transmit !      
results ( ! review requir$ "u p>agraph  
7#a7 to ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1
 & ,te*nology ( ! ,h\se (               
,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on       

,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( !
 ,s5ate n lat] ?an #ah mon?s aft] !     
enactm5t ( ! ,space ,wea!r ,rese>* &    
,=eca/+ ,act4  7h7 ,gr\nd-,bas$         
obs]vations ,! ,national ,sci5ce        
,f\ndation1 ! ,air ,=ce1 &1 :]e         
practicable 9 support ( ! ,air ,=ce1 !  
,navy %all ea*--  7#a7 ma9ta9 & improve1
 z necess>y & advisable1 gr\nd-bas$     
obs]vations ( ! ,sun 9 ord] to help meet
 ! priorities id5tifi$ 9 section        
#fjgjc7;a72 &  7#b7 provide space wea!r 
data by means ( its set ( gr\nd-bas$    
facilities1 includ+ rad>s1 lid>s1       
magnetomet]s1 radio receiv]s1 aurora &  
airgl[ imag]s1 spectromet]s1            
int]f]omet]s1 & sol> obs]vatories4  7i7 
,gr\nd-,bas$ obs]vations data ,!        
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all-- 7#a7
 provide key data /reams f ! plat=ms    
describ$ 9 subsection 7h7 = rese>* & to 
support space wea!r model developm5t2   
7#b7 develop exp]im5tal models =        
sci5tific purposes2 &  7#c7 support !   
transition ( ! exp]im5tal models to     

op]ations :]e appropriate4  #fjgjc4     
,rese>* & te*nology  7a7 ,us] ne$s  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national 
,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 ! 
,secret>y ( ! ,air ,=ce1 & :]e          
practicable 9 support ( ! ,air ,=ce1 !  
,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 9 conjunction ) !  
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &
 ,space ,adm9i/ration & ! heads ( o!r   
relevant ,f$]al ag5cies1 %all conduct a 
compreh5sive survey to id5tify &        
prioritize ! ne$s ( space wea!r =eca/   
us]s1 includ+ space wea!r data & space  
wea!r =eca/ data ne$$ to improve s]vices
 & in=m rese>* priorities & te*nology   
ne$s4  7#b7 ,cont5ts ,9 conduct+ !      
compreh5sive survey "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 ! ,secret>y (
 ! ,air ,=ce1 & :]e practicable 9       
support ( ! ,air ,=ce1 ! ,secret>y ( !  
,navy1 at a m9imum1 %all--  7,a7 consid]
 ! goals = =eca/ lead "t1 accuracy1     
cov]age1 timel9ess1 data rate1 & data   
quality = space wea!r obs]vations2  7,b7

 id5tify opportunities to address ! ne$s
 id5tifi$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 ?r\gh        
collaborations ) academia1 ! comm]cial  
sector1 & ! int]national community2     
7,c7 id5tify opportunities = new        
te*nologies1 rese>*1 & in/rum5tation to 
address ! ne$s id5tifi$ "u p>agraph     
7#a72 &  7,d7 publi% a report on ! f9d+s
 "u subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,c74  7#c7 
,publication ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ! ,space ,wea!r       
,rese>* & ,=eca/+ ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator (
 ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic     
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,air     
,=ce1 & :]e practicable 9 support ( !   
,air ,=ce1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 %all--
  7,a7 make ! results ( ! compreh5sive  
survey publicly available2 &  7,b7      
notify ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1        
,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & 
! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &      
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives (
 ! publication "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7b7
 ,rese>* activities  7#a7 ,basic rese>* 
,! ,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce      

,f\ndation1 ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national  
,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration1 & ! 
,secret>y ( ,def5se %all cont9ue to c>ry
 out basic rese>* activities on         
heliophysics1 geospace sci5ce1 & space  
wea!r & support competitive1 m]it-bas$1 
pe]-review$ proposals = rese>*1 model+1 
& monitor+ ( space wea!r & its impacts1 
includ+ sci5ce goals outl9$ 9 ,sol> &   
,space ,physics ,decadal surveys        
conduct$ by ! ,national ,academy (      
,sci5ces4  7#b7 ,o!r rese>* activities  
,! ,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce      
,f\ndation & ! ,adm9i/rator ( !         
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration %all support basic rese>* 
activities 9 ! social1 behavioral1 &    
economic sci5ces t w lead to improv$    
national prep>$ness & enc\rage          
mitigation & protection measures be=e a 
space wea!r ev5t4  7#c7 ,multidiscipl9>y
 rese>*  7,a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t ! 
multidiscipl9>y nature ( sol> & space   
physics creates fund+ *all5ges t require
 coord9ation across sci5tific discipl9es

 & ,f$]al ag5cies4  7,b7                
,multidiscipl9>y rese>* ,! ,director ( !
 ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 !        
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 & !          
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &
 ,space ,adm9i/ration %all pursue       
multidiscipl9>y1 coord9at$ rese>* 9     
subjects t fur!r our und]/&+ ( sol>     
physics1 space physics1 & space wea!r4  
7,c7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se (   
,congress t ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national
 ,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration &   
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %\ld support competitively   
aw>d$ ,heliophysics ,sci5ce ,c5t]s t    
support rese>* to op]ations & op]ations 
to rese>*4  7c7 ,sci5ce missions ,!     
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &
 ,space ,adm9i/ration %all seek to      
implem5t missions t meet ! sci5ce       
objectives id5tifi$ 9 ,sol> & ,space    
,physics ,decadal surveys conduct$ by ! 
,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces4  7d7     
,rese>* to op]ations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!  

,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &
 ,space ,adm9i/ration1 ! ,director ( !  
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 !         
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 ! ,secret>y (
 ! ,air ,=ce1 & :]e practicable 9       
support ( ! ,air ,=ce1 ! ,secret>y ( !  
,navy1 %all--  7,a7 develop a =mal      
me*anism to transition ,national        
,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration1     
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 ,air ,=ce1
 & ,navy rese>* f9d+s1 rese>* ne$s1     
models1 & capabilities1 z appropriate1  
to ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic     
,adm9i/ration & ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se     
space wea!r op]ational =eca/+ c5t]s2 &  
7,b7 enhance coord9ation betwe5 rese>*  
model+ c5t]s & =eca/+ c5t]s4  7#b7      
,op]ational ne$s ,! ,adm9i/rator ( !    
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration & ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 9
 coord9ation ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( !       
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration & ! ,director ( !         
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 %all      

develop a =mal me*anism to communicate !
 op]ational ne$s ( space wea!r =eca/]s  
to ! rese>* community4  7e7 ,te*nology  
developm5t  7#a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t
 obs]vations & measurem5ts clos] to !   
,sun & advanc$ in/rum5tation w\ld       
provide = m advanc$ w>n+ ( space wea!r  
di/urbances 7z def9$ 9 section #c ( !   
,space ,wea!r ,rese>* & ,=eca/+ ,act74  
7#b7 ,te*nology & in/rum5tation         
developm5t ,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national
 ,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration & ! 
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation %all support ! developm5t (  
te*nologies & in/rum5tation t address   
rese>* priorities & improve space wea!r 
=eca/+ lead-"t & accuracy to meet ! ne$s
 id5tifi$ by ! ,adm9i/rator ( !         
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration4  #fjgjd4 ,space wea!r    
data  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator ( !  
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration & ! ,director ( !         
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation %all--     
7#a7 make space wea!r relat$ data obta9$

 = sci5tific rese>* purposes available  
to space wea!r =eca/]s & op]ations      
c5t]s2 &  7#b7 support model developm5t 
& model applications to space wea!r     
=eca/+4  7b7 ,rese>* ,! ,adm9i/rator ( !
 ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic       
,adm9i/ration %all make space wea!r     
relat$ data obta9$ f op]ational =eca/+  
available = sci5tific rese>*4  7c7      
,space wea!r                            
gov]nm5t-,indu/ry-,univ]sity r\ndtable  
,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &
 ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 9           
collaboration ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( !      
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration & ! ,director ( !         
,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation1 %all ent] 
into an arrangem5t ) ! ,national        
,academies to e/abli% a ,space ,wea!r   
,gov]nm5t-,indu/ry-,univ]sity ,r\ndtable
 to facilitate communication & k transf]
 among ,gov]nm5t p>ticipants 9 ! space  
wea!r int]ag5cy work+ gr\p e/abli%$ "u  
section #fjgja7;c71 indu/ry1 & academia 
to--  7#a7 facilitate advances 9 space  

wea!r pr$iction & =eca/+2  7#b7 help    
enable ! #b-way coord9ation ( rese>* &  
op]ations2 &  7#c7 improve prep>$ness = 
pot5tial space wea!r ev5ts4  4  7b7     
,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5ts  7#a7       
,repeal ( section #hji ,section #hji ( !
 ,national ,a]onautics & ,space         
,adm9i/ration ,au?orization ,act ( #bjaj
 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahchh7 & ! item relat+ 
to t section 9 ! table ( cont5ts "u     
section #a7;b7 ( t ,act 7#abd ,/at4     
#bhjf7 are repeal$4  7#b7 ,table (      
*apt]s ,! table ( *apt]s ( title #ea1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+   
aft] ! item relat+ to *apt] #fje !      
foll[+3  #fjg4,space wea!r#fjgja  4  #c4
 ,space wea!r metrics  7a7 ,def9itions  
,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,space wea!r       
di/urbance ,! t]m space wea!r di/urbance
 includes geo-electric fields1 ioniz+   
radiation1 ionosph]ic di/urbances1 sol> 
radio bur/s1 & upp] atmosph]ic          
expansion4  7#b7 ,space wea!r b5*m>k ,! 
t]m space wea!r b5*m>k means ! physical 
*>act]i/ics & conditions describ+ !     

nature1 frequ5cy1 & int5sity ( space    
wea!r di/urbances4  7b7 ,b5*m>ks  7#a7  
,prelim9>y ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! space     
wea!r int]ag5cy work+ gr\p e/abli%$ "u  
section #fjgja7;c7 ( title #ea1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 9 consultation ) academic 
& comm]cial exp]ts1 %all--  7,a7 assess 
exi/+ data1 ! hi/orical record1 models1 
& pe]-review$ /udies on space wea!r2 &  
7,b7 develop prelim9>y b5*m>ks1 bas$ on 
curr5t sci5tific und]/&+ & ! hi/orical  
record1 = measur+ sol> di/urbances4     
7#b7 ,f9al ,n lat] ?an #ah mon?s aft] ! 
date ! prelim9>y b5*m>ks are develop$ "u
 p>agraph 7#a71 ! space wea!r int]ag5cy 
work+ gr\p %all publi% f9al b5*m>ks4    
7#c7 ,review ,! ,adm9i/rator ( !        
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration %all contract ) !         
,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces to review 
! b5*m>ks e/abli%$ "u p>agraph 7#b74    
7#d7 ,revisions ,! space wea!r int]ag5cy
 work+ gr\p %all update & revise ! f9al 
b5*m>ks "u p>agraph 7#b71 z necess>y1   

bas$ on--  7,a7 ! results ( ! review "u 
p>agraph 7#c72  7,b7 any significant new
 data or advances 9 sci5tific und]/&+ t 
become available2 or  7,c7 ! evolv+ ne$s
 ( entities impact$ by sol> di/urbances4
  #d4 ,protection ( critical            
infra/ructure  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!          
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 9            
consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant   
,f$]al ag5cies1 %all provide in=mation  
ab\t space wea!r haz>ds to ! ,secret>y (
 ,homel& ,security = purposes ( ?is     
section4  7b7 ,critical infra/ructure ,!
 ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security1 9       
consultation ) sector-specific ag5cies1 
! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic & 
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 & ! heads (  
o!r relevant ag5cies1 %all--  7#a7      
include1 9 meet+ national critical      
infra/ructure report+ requirem5ts1 an   
assessm5t ( ! vuln]ability ( critical   
infra/ructure to space wea!r ev5ts1 z   
describ$ by ! space wea!r b5*m>ks "u    
section #c2 &  7#b7 support critical    

infra/ructure provid]s 9 manag+ ! risks 
& impacts associat$ ) space wea!r4  7c7 
,prohibition on new regulatory au?ority 
,no?+ 9 subsection 7b7 may be con/ru$ to
 grant ! ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security  
any au?ority to promulgate regulations t
 0 n 9 effect on ! day be=e ! date (    
enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7d7 ,def9ition (  
sector-,specific ag5cy ,9 ?is section1 !
 t]m sector-specific ag5cy has ! mean+  
giv5 ! t]m 9 ,presid5tial ,policy       
,directive-#ba ( ,febru>y #ab1 #bjac    
7,critical ,infra/ructure ,security &   
,resili5ce71 or any successor4  #e4     
,protection ( national security assets  
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,national ,security     
,c\ncil1 9 consultation ) ! ,(fice ( !  
,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce1 !   
,secret>y ( ,def5se1 & ! heads ( o!r    
relevant ,f$]al ag5cies1 %all--  7#a7   
assess ! vuln]ability ( ! national      
security community to space wea!r ev5ts1
 z describ$ by ! space wea!r b5*m>ks "u 
section #c2 &  7#b7 develop national    
security me*anisms to protect national  

security assets f space wea!r ?reats4   
7b7 ,coop]ation ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 
9 consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant 
,f$]al ag5cies1 %all provide in=mation  
ab\t space wea!r haz>ds to ! ,national  
,security ,c\ncil1 ,director ( ,national
 ,intellig5ce1 & heads ( ,def5se        
,ag5cies = purposes ( ?is section4  #f4 
,ensur+ ! safety ( civil aviation  7a7  
,9 g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,f$]al     
,aviation ,adm9i/ration1 9 consultation 
) ! heads ( o!r relevant ,f$]al ag5cies1
 %all--  7#a7 assess ! safety           
implications & vuln]ability ( ! national
 airspace sy/em by space wea!r ev5ts1 z 
describ$ by ! space wea!r b5*m>ks "u    
section #c2  7#b7 assess me?ods to      
mitigate ! safety implications & effects
 ( space wea!r on aviation communication
 sy/ems1 aircraft navigation sy/ems1    
satellite & gr\nd-bas$ navigation       
sy/ems1 & pot5tial heal? effects (      
radiation exposure2 &  7#c7 assess      
options = incorporat+ space wea!r into  
op]ational tra9+ = pilots1 cab9 crew1   

dispat*]s1 air traffic controll]s1      
meteorologi/s1 & eng9e]s4  7b7 ,space   
wea!r communication ,! ,adm9i/rator ( ! 
,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration1 9       
consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant   
,f$]al ag5cies1 %all develop me?ods to  
increase ! int]action betwe5 ! aviation 
community & ! space wea!r rese>* &      
s]vice provid] community4